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Journal articles on the topic '"Signal-4"'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Imai, Atsushi. "4. Audio Signal Processing for Elderly People." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 65, no. 12 (2011): 1701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.65.1701.

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2

Tilton, Bettina, Liza Ho, Estelle Oberlin, et al. "Signal Transduction by Cxc Chemokine Receptor 4." Journal of Experimental Medicine 192, no. 3 (2000): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.3.313.

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We report that stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1 has the remarkable capacity to induce sustained signaling through CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). In contrast to other chemokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (CC chemokine receptor 2 [CCR2]), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (CCR5), liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC [CCR6]), Epstein-Barr virus–induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine (ELC [CCR7]), and IP10 (CXCR3), SDF-1 stimulates the prolonged activation of protein kinase B and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)-2. Activation of protein kinase B is reversed by displacement of SDF-1 from CXCR4 or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Although increasing concentrations of SDF-1 enhance CXCR4 internalization, kinase activation is prolonged. In addition, restimulation yields &gt;60% of initial protein kinase B activity, indicating that the remaining receptors are not desensitized. Furthermore, activation is prolonged by inhibiting SDF-1 degradation. The sustained activation of cell survival and mitogenic pathways may account for the unique role of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in embryogenesis and lymphopoiesis.

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3

Schindler, C., H. Kashleva, A. Pernis, R. Pine, and P. Rothman. "STF-IL-4: a novel IL-4-induced signal transducing factor." EMBO Journal 13, no. 6 (1994): 1350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06388.x.

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4

Westphal, R. W. "Section 4: Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics: Sensors, Medical Image and Signal Processing." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 15, no. 01 (2006): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638489.

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SummaryObjectives:To summarize current excellent research in the field of sensor, signal and imaging informatics.Method:Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2007.Results:The selection process for this yearbook section “Sensor, signal and imaging informatics” results in five excellent articles, representing research in four different nations. Papers from the fields of brain machine interfaces, sound surveillance in telemonitoring, soft tissue modeling, and body sensors have been selected.Conclusion:The selection for this yearbook section can only reflect a small portion of the worldwide copious work in the field of sensors, signal and image processing with applications in medical informatics. However, the selected papers demonstrate, how advances in this field may positively affect future patient care.

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Sawada, Katsutoshi, and Hitomi Murakami. "HDTV (hi-vision). (4); Signal formats and transmission." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 42, no. 9 (1988): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.42.951.

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6

Zhu, Zikun, Tong Yu, Fuxin Li, et al. "NopC/T/L Signal Crosstalk Gene GmPHT1-4." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (2023): 16521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216521.

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Symbiotic nodulation between leguminous plants and rhizobia is a critical biological interaction. The type III secretion system (T3SS) employed by rhizobia manipulates the host’s nodulation signaling, analogous to mechanisms used by certain bacterial pathogens for effector protein delivery into host cells. This investigation explores the interactive signaling among type III effectors HH103ΩNopC, HH103ΩNopT, and HH103ΩNopL from SinoRhizobium fredii HH103. Experimental results revealed that these effectors positively regulate nodule formation. Transcriptomic analysis pinpointed GmPHT1-4 as the key gene facilitating this effector-mediated signaling. Overexpression of GmPHT1-4 enhances nodulation, indicating a dual function in nodulation and phosphorus homeostasis. This research elucidates the intricate regulatory network governing Rhizobium–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) interactions and the complex interplay between type III effectors.

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Zhang, Weifeng, Houman Ghorbani, Tong Shao, and Jianping Yao. "On-Chip 4×10 GBaud/s Mode-Division Multiplexed PAM-4 Signal Transmission." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 26, no. 2 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2020.2964388.

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8

Long, Yun, Andong Wang, Linjie Zhou, and Jian Wang. "All-optical wavelength conversion and signal regeneration of PAM-4 signal using a silicon waveguide." Optics Express 24, no. 7 (2016): 7158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.007158.

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9

Lee, Junhyung, and Bongsoo Son. "An Effects of Signal Phase Plan on the Traffic Signal Operation of 4-legged Intersection." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 14, no. 4 (2015): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2015.14.4.040.

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10

Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev Kumar, Ajay Kumar, and Santosh Kumar. "1×4 signal router using three Mach-Zehnder interferometers." Optical Engineering 52, no. 3 (2013): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.3.035002.

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11

Rudd, Christopher E., Alison Taylor, and Helga Schneider. "CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction." Immunological Reviews 229, no. 1 (2009): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00770.x.

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12

Schneider, H. "Reversal of the TCR Stop Signal by CTLA-4." Science 313, no. 5795 (2006): 1972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1131078.

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13

Chow, Jesse C., Donna W. Young, Douglas T. Golenbock, William J. Christ, and Fabian Gusovsky. "Toll-like Receptor-4 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Signal Transduction." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 16 (1999): 10689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.16.10689.

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14

Durand-Lose, Jérôme. "Abstract geometrical computation 4: Small Turing universal signal machines." Theoretical Computer Science 412, no. 1-2 (2011): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2010.07.013.

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15

Vainikka, S., V. Joukov, S. Wennström, M. Bergman, P. G. Pelicci, and K. Alitalo. "Signal transduction by fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR-4). Comparison with FGFR-1." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 28 (1994): 18320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32309-8.

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16

T, ATHIRA, ATHIRA T, and SHANIBA ASMI P. "A Review of Significant Researches on 4×4 EHG Signal for Classifying Uterine Contraction." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH 05, no. 06 (2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23883/ijrter.2019.5058.vrpgp.

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17

Sonkin, Eduard, Dan Sadot, and Gilad Katz. "MZM Optimization of PAM-4 Transmission in Data Center Interconnect." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040637.

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An analog optimization of 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal is proposed, together with maximum likelihood sequence estimation digital signal processing. The proposed optimizations are verified by experimental demonstration at 53 Gbaud, indicating an improvement of 4–5 dB in the optical signal to noise sensitivity.

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18

Wu, Xiong, Junwei Zhang, Alan Pak Tao Lau, and Chao Lu. "C-band 100-GBaud PS-PAM-4 transmission over 50-km SSMF enabled by FIR-filter-based pre-electronic dispersion compensation." Optics Express 31, no. 11 (2023): 17759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.490050.

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Chromatic dispersion (CD) is always an obstacle to C-band high-speed intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) transmissions, especially with a fiber reach of > 20 km. To reach beyond net-100-Gb/s IM/DD transmission over 50-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF), we for the first time present a CD-aware probabilistically shaped four-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PS-PAM-4) signal transmission scheme with a FIR-filter-based pre-electronic dispersion compensation (FIR-EDC) for C-band IM/DD transmission system. With the help of the FIR-EDC at the transmitter, 100-GBaud PS-PAM-4 signal transmission at 150-Gb/s line rate and 115.2-Gb/s net rate over 50-km SSMF is realized with only feed-forward equalization (FFE) at the receiver side. The superiority of the CD-aware PS-PAM-4 signal transmission scheme over other benchmark schemes has been successfully verified by experiments. Experimental results show that 24.5% improvement of system capacity is obtained by the FIR-EDC-based PS-PAM-4 signal transmission scheme in comparison to the FIR-EDC-based on-off keying (OOK) signal transmission scheme. Compared with the FIR-EDC-based uniform PAM-4 signal transmission scheme or the PS-PAM-4 signal transmission scheme without EDC, the capacity improvement obtained by the FIR-EDC-based PS-PAM-4 signal transmission scheme becomes more profound. The results show the potential and feasibility of such CD-aware PS-PAM-4 signal transmission scheme applied in CD-constrained IM/DD datacenter interconnects.

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19

Sha, Beiyao. "4-bit absolute value detection for digital signal processing applications." Applied and Computational Engineering 12, no. 1 (2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/12/20230281.

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In recent years, as the rapid advancement of the electronic industry and the higher requirements for instruments and circuits, the absolute value circuit has found an increasingly wide utilization in digital signal processing. An absolute value detector is one of the most widely used algorithms used for detecting spikes. Based on traditional designs of absolute value circuits, many optimized designs with better performance have been proposed. Based on previous analysis and research, absolute value circuits can be optimized into different sructures to meet different application requirements. This paper introduces three different absolute value circuits for different uses in digital signal processing by comparing the optimized parts to traditional absolute value circuits and introducing how the optimization can meet the needs of different applications. These optimized absolute value circuit meet the requirements of higher precision and more stable temperature in biological signal processing field, more convenient to apply in the analog-to-digital conversion in ADC field and minimization the latency energy in chip signal processing field. Absolute value circuits can be optimized in different ways to be applied in more fields in the future.

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20

Wang, Yan, Aijuan Qu, and Hua Wang. "Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 in Liver Diseases." International Journal of Biological Sciences 11, no. 4 (2015): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.11164.

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21

Andrews, Allison-Lynn, Ida Karin Nordgren, Isabelle Kirby та ін. "Cytoplasmic tail of IL-13Rα2 regulates IL-4 signal transduction". Biochemical Society Transactions 37, № 4 (2009): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0370873.

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IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Rα1 (IL-13 receptor α-chain 1) and IL-4Rα. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) has been identified, namely IL-13Rα2. This has been thought to be a decoy receptor due to its short cytoplasmic tail and its high binding affinity for IL-13 but not IL-4. IL-13Rα2 exists on the cell membrane, intracellularly and in a soluble form. Recent reports revealed that membrane IL-13Rα2 may have some signalling capabilities, and a soluble form of IL-13Rα2 can be generated in the presence of environmental allergens such as DerP. Interestingly, IL-13Rα2 has also been shown to regulate both IL-13 and IL-4 response in primary airway cells, despite the fact that IL-13Rα2 does not bind IL-4. The regulator mechanism is still unclear but the physical association of IL-13Rα2 with IL-4Rα appears to be a key regulatory step. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail of IL-13Rα2 may interfere with the association or activation of signalling molecules, such as JAK1 (Janus kinase 1), on IL-4Rα and thus prevents downstream signal cascade. The receptor has more complicated functions than a simple decoy receptor. In this review, we discuss newly revealed functions of IL-13Rα2.

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22

Pohm, A. V., P. Movall та C. S. Comstock. "Signal‐noise performance of 1–4‐μm‐wide multilayerM‐Rtransducers". Journal of Applied Physics 61, № 8 (1987): 4173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338495.

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23

Wang, Hada, Wen Zhou, and Jianjun Yu. "PAM-4 signal delivery in one radio-over-fiber system." Optical Engineering 56, no. 10 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.56.10.106107.

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24

Berthet, Julien, Pauline Damien, Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Bruno Pozzetto, Olivier Garraud, and Fabrice Cognasse. "Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction in platelets: novel pathways." British Journal of Haematology 151, no. 1 (2010): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08292.x.

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25

Shelp, Barry J., Alan W. Bown, and Adel Zarei. "4-Aminobutyrate (GABA): a metabolite and signal with practical significance." Botany 95, no. 11 (2017): 1015–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0135.

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We discuss the origin of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) from glutamate and polyamines, and its subsequent catabolism to succinic semialdehyde and either succinate or 4-hydroxybutyrate. Promiscuous activities of GABA transaminase, glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 10As appear to be important determinants of cross-talk among metabolic pathways during stress. Imposition of abiotic stress, as well as genetic or chemical disruption of glutamate decarboxylase, GABA transaminase, and tricarboxylic acid cycle reactions, results in non-cyclic carbon flux in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, demonstrating that stress-induced GABA metabolism is strongly linked with respiration. Metabolic generation of 4-hydroxybutyrate is probably linked to the stimulation of succinic semialdehyde reductase activity by an increasing NADPH/NADP+ ratio. We discuss the potential signaling role of GABA in various processes, including pollen tube guidance, interaction with fungal, bacterial, and invertebrate pests, and stomatal functioning, and argue that further research on short-term responses to stress is required to determine whether or not GABA functions by binding to or regulating the activity of GABA receptor molecules. Finally, we describe how emerging information about the metabolic and signaling roles of GABA is being used to improve plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses, and benefit human health.

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26

Teucher, Markus, and Enrica Bordignon. "Improved signal fidelity in 4-pulse DEER with Gaussian pulses." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 296 (November 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2018.09.003.

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27

Ma, Shexiang, та Weiwei Deng. "Viterbi Detection Method of π/4-QPSK Signal in VDE". Procedia Computer Science 107 (2017): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.03.126.

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28

Waggoner, R. A., K. Tanaka, and K. Cheng. "Exploring the Origins of the DfMRI Signal at 4 Tesla." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72064-6.

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29

Koyuncu, B. "Resonant characteristics of PZT-4 transducers for photoacoustic signal detection." Optics & Laser Technology 19, no. 5 (1987): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(87)90087-9.

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30

Finney, Michael, Robert H. Michell, Steven Gillis, and John Gordon. "Regulation of the interleukin 4 signal in human B-lymphocytes." Biochemical Society Transactions 19, no. 2 (1991): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0190287.

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31

Graier, W. "4SY09-4 Ca2+ regulation of signal transduction in the endothelium." Atherosclerosis Supplements 4, no. 2 (2003): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91147-0.

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32

Škantárová, Lenka, Andrej Oriňák, Renáta Oriňáková, and František Lofaj. "4-Aminothiophenol Strong SERS Signal Enhancement at Electrodeposited Silver Surface." Nano-Micro Letters 4, no. 3 (2012): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03353712.

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33

Chen, Kai, Michael T. Kirber, Hui Xiao, Yu Yang, and John F. Keaney. "Regulation of ROS signal transduction by NADPH oxidase 4 localization." Journal of Cell Biology 181, no. 7 (2008): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200709049.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as intracellular signaling molecules in a diverse range of biological processes. However, it is unclear how freely diffusible ROS dictate specific cellular responses. In this study, we demonstrate that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase 4 (Nox4), a major Nox isoform expressed in nonphagocytic cells, including vascular endothelium, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER localization of Nox4 is critical for the regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B, also an ER resident, through redox-mediated signaling. Nox4-mediated oxidation and inactivation of PTP1B in the ER serves as a regulatory switch for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor trafficking and specifically acts to terminate EGF signaling. Consistent with this notion, PTP1B oxidation could also be modulated by ER targeting of antioxidant enzymes but not their untargeted counterparts. These data indicate that the specificity of intracellular ROS-mediated signal transduction may be modulated by the localization of Nox isoforms within specific subcellular compartments.

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34

Katz, Gilad, and Eduard Sonkin. "Level Optimization of PAM-4 Transmission With Signal-Dependent Noise." IEEE Photonics Journal 11, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2018.2887112.

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35

Palsson-McDermott, Eva M., and Luke A. J. O'Neill. "Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor-4." Immunology 113, no. 2 (2004): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01976.x.

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36

Sprecher, Alicia, Aleksandra Olszewski, Jack J. Jiang, and Yu Zhang. "Updating signal typing in voice: Addition of type 4 signals." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 6 (2010): 3710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3397477.

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37

Keegan, Achsah D., and Jacalyn H. Pierce. "The interleukin-4 receptor: signal transduction by a hematopoietin receptor." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 55, no. 2 (1994): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlb.55.2.272.

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38

Hoff, Holger, Gerd-R. Burmester, and Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl. "Competition and cooperation: Signal transduction by CD28 and CTLA-4." Signal Transduction 6, no. 4 (2006): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sita.200500081.

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39

Murakami, Yoshihiro, and Motoharu Suda. "Special edition. LSI for video signal processing and their applications. 4. Signal processor LSI for digital VTR." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 43, no. 12 (1989): 1333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.43.1333.

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40

Wescott, Melanie P., Irina Kufareva, Cheryl Paes, et al. "Signal transmission through the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) transmembrane helices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (2016): 9928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601278113.

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The atomic-level mechanisms by which G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular ligand binding events through their transmembrane helices to activate intracellular G proteins remain unclear. Using a comprehensive library of mutations covering all 352 residues of the GPCR CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), we identified 41 amino acids that are required for signaling induced by the chemokine ligand CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1). CXCR4 variants with each of these mutations do not signal properly but remain folded, based on receptor surface trafficking, reactivity to conformationally sensitive monoclonal antibodies, and ligand binding. When visualized on the structure of CXCR4, the majority of these residues form a continuous intramolecular signaling chain through the transmembrane helices; this chain connects chemokine binding residues on the extracellular side of CXCR4 to G protein-coupling residues on its intracellular side. Integrated into a cohesive model of signal transmission, these CXCR4 residues cluster into five functional groups that mediate (i) chemokine engagement, (ii) signal initiation, (iii) signal propagation, (iv) microswitch activation, and (v) G protein coupling. Propagation of the signal passes through a “hydrophobic bridge” on helix VI that coordinates with nearly every known GPCR signaling motif. Our results agree with known conserved mechanisms of GPCR activation and significantly expand on understanding the structural principles of CXCR4 signaling.

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41

Md., Firoz Ahmed1. "PERFORMANCE OF CONVOLUTION AND CRC CHANNEL ENCODED V-BLAST 4×4 MIMO MCCDMA WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." International Journal of Ambient Systems and applications(IJASA) 09, no. 1/2 (2023): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7802232.

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Wireless communications are among the rapidly growing fields in our current life and have a massive effect on every aspect of our everyday life. In this paper, the performance of the various digital modulation techniques (BPSK, DPSK, QPSK, and QAM) based wireless communication system on the audio signal transmission through the additive Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is assessed on the basis of bit error rate (BER) as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the results of this study, BPSK modulation outperforms the DPSK, QPSK, and QAM modulation strategies in the MIMO MC-CDMA VBlast based wireless communication system. The digital modulation of QPSK shows the worst performance in audio signal transmission especially in comparison to other digital modulations. It is clear from the current simulation study based on MATLAB that the V-Blast encoded 4×4 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless system with minimum mean square error (MMSE) signal detection and 1&frasl;2-rated convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding strategies show good performance utilizing BPSK digital modulation in audio signal transmission.

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Kumar, Arun, Piyush Vardhan, and Manisha Gupta. "Design, Analysis of 4×4 and 8×8 MIMO System with ZF, MMSE and BF Techniques." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 17, no. 2 (2017): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbeef-2017-0004.

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AbstractThis work focuses on studying signal detection using three different equalization techniques, namely: Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Beam Forming (BF), for a 4×4 MIMO-system. Results show that ZF equalization is the simplest technique for signal detection, However, Beam Forming (BF) gives better Bit Error Rate (BER) performances at high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) values with some complexity in design. For more antennas at the base station, it is too complex to design the weight matrix for ZF, however, it is suitable for BF with the help of good quality digital signal processors. Performance of MIMO-system, with 8 antennas at the base station using BF equalization, is analysed to get BER values at different SNR. Results show a considerable improvement in BER for 8 antennas at the base station.

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43

Cheung, S. W. "Performance of a rate-3/4 coded signal, incorporated with a circular signal set for regenerative satellite transmissions." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 137, no. 2 (1990): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1990.0015.

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44

Kirang, Achmad, Alfin Hikmaturokhman, and Khoirun Ni'amah. "5G NR Network Planning Analysis using 700 Mhz and 2.3 Ghz Frequency in The Jababeka Industrial Area." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 6, no. 2 (2023): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v6i2.8270.

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This research designed a 5G NR network using 700 MHz and 2.3 GHz frequencies with 30 MHz bandwidth in the Jababeka industrial area covering an area of 5600 hectares. The Propagation Model used by Urban Macrocell (UMa) in non line of sight (NLOS) conditions according to 3GPP TR 38901 standard with Synchronization signal-reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and Synchronization Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SS-SINR) parameters. Coverage prediction simulation using Atoll 3.4 consists of 4 scenarios. Scenario 1 uses a frequency of 2.3 GHz downlink, scenario 2 uses a frequency of 2.3 GHz uplink, scenario 3 uses a frequency of 700 MHz downlink and scenario 4 uses a frequency of 700 MHz uplink. Parameters analyzed were signal strength (SS-RSRP > -110 dBm) and signal quality (SS-SINR > 5 dB). The simulation results of scenario 1 get a signal strength of 61% and signal quality of 73.71% from the Jababeka area. Scenario 2 gets 100% for signal strength and 75.35% for signal quality. Scenario 3 gets a signal strength of 72.27% and signal quality of 85.30%. Scenario 4 shows a signal strength of 100% and signal quality of 71.04% from the Jababeka area. Planning with a frequency of 700 MHz shows that the signal strength and signal strength parameters are better than the 2.3 GHz frequency, making it suitable for 5G networks in the Jababeka area. The findings of this study are intended to help Indonesian cellular operators plan and deploy their 5G network.

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Zhang, Yu, Chuanyu Zhang, Shaohua Wang, Hexiang Wang, Yupeng Zhu, and Dapeng Hao. "Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations of Spinal Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 8 (June 18, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcis.jcis_20_18.

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Aim: The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of spinal monostotic fibrous dysplasia (MFD) as well as evaluate the clinical value of CT and MRI in MFD diagnosis. Materials and Methods: CT (n = 4) and MRI (n = 5) images of six patients with pathologically confirmed spinal MFD were examined. The assessed image features included location, shape, rib involvement, vertebral collapse, margin, attenuation, and sclerotic rim on CT, as well as signal intensity, dark signal rim, and enhancement pattern on MRI. Results: In total, four of six patients underwent CT scanning. The most common findings on CT scanning were expansile lesions (n = 4), sclerotic rims (n = 4), and ground-glass opacity (GGO) (n = 4). In total, five of six patients underwent MRI. The lesions were low-signal intensity (n = 2), low-to-isointense signal intensity (n = 1), and low-signal intensity with several isointense portions (n = 2) on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). The lesions were low-signal intensity (n = 1), isointense to high intensity (n = 1), and isointense signal intensity with several high portions (n = 3) on T2WI. A dark signal rim was found in most cases on T1WI and T2WI (n = 4). The lesions (n = 2) showed obvious enhancement. Conclusions: The CT and MRI manifestations of spinal MFD have the following characteristics: expansile lesion, GGO, sclerotic rim, and no obvious soft-tissue mass. The combined use of CT and MRI examinations is necessary for patients with suspected spinal MFD.

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Yang, Jun, Huijuan Yu, Tao Shen, Yaolian Song, and Zhuangfei Chen. "4-Class MI-EEG Signal Generation and Recognition with CVAE-GAN." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041798.

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As the capability of an electroencephalogram’s (EEG) measurement of the real-time electrodynamics of the human brain is known to all, signal processing techniques, particularly deep learning, could either provide a novel solution for learning but also optimize robust representations from EEG signals. Considering the limited data collection and inadequate concentration of during subjects testing, it becomes essential to obtain sufficient training data and useful features with a potential end-user of a brain–computer interface (BCI) system. In this paper, we combined a conditional variational auto-encoder network (CVAE) with a generative adversarial network (GAN) for learning latent representations from EEG brain signals. By updating the fine-tuned parameter fed into the resulting generative model, we could synthetize the EEG signal under a specific category. We employed an encoder network to obtain the distributed samples of the EEG signal, and applied an adversarial learning mechanism to continuous optimization of the parameters of the generator, discriminator and classifier. The CVAE was adopted to adjust the synthetics more approximately to the real sample class. Finally, we demonstrated our approach take advantages of both statistic and feature matching to make the training process converge faster and more stable and address the problem of small-scale datasets in deep learning applications for motor imagery tasks through data augmentation. The augmented training datasets produced by our proposed CVAE-GAN method significantly enhance the performance of MI-EEG recognition.

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YOSHITAKE, Ryoji, and Ryo TAKAHASHI. "2C2-4 Auditory Signal for Understanding the Balance of Electronic Money." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 50, Supplement (2014): S254—S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.50.s254.

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Parola, Maurizio, Giorgio Bellomo, Gaia Robino, Giuseppina Barrera, and Mario Umberto Dianzani. "4-Hydroxynonenal As a Biological Signal: Molecular Basis and Pathophysiological Implications." Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 1, no. 3 (1999): 255–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.1999.1.3-255.

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Tanimoto, H., T. Itakura, T. Ueno, A. Yasuda та K. Oda. "An offset-free LPF for π/4-shift QPSK signal generator". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 31, № 12 (1996): 2051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.545831.

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Lewis, J. M., R. P. Kelley, D. Murer, and K. A. Jordan. "Fission signal detection using helium-4 gas fast neutron scintillation detectors." Applied Physics Letters 105, no. 1 (2014): 014102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4887366.

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