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Journal articles on the topic 'Signal modification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Ding, Hongxu, Andrew D. Bailey, Miten Jain, Hugh Olsen, and Benedict Paten. "Gaussian mixture model-based unsupervised nucleotide modification number detection using nanopore-sequencing readouts." Bioinformatics 36, no. 19 (June 29, 2020): 4928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa601.

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Abstract Motivation Nucleotide modification status can be decoded from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies nanopore-sequencing ionic current signals. Although various algorithms have been developed for nanopore-sequencing-based modification analysis, more detailed characterizations, such as modification numbers, corresponding signal levels and proportions are still lacking. Results We present a framework for the unsupervised determination of the number of nucleotide modifications from nanopore-sequencing readouts. We demonstrate the approach can effectively recapitulate the number of modifications, the corresponding ionic current signal levels, as well as mixing proportions under both DNA and RNA contexts. We further show, by integrating information from multiple detected modification regions, that the modification status of DNA and RNA molecules can be inferred. This method forms a key step of de novo characterization of nucleotide modifications, shedding light on the interpretation of various biological questions. Availability and implementation Modified nanopolish: https://github.com/adbailey4/nanopolish/tree/cigar_output. All other codes used to reproduce the results: https://github.com/hd2326/ModificationNumber. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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2

Stewart, Paul M. "Enzymes and prereceptor signal modification." Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes 1, no. 1 (January 1994): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199400010-00006.

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3

Kim, N. S., and J. H. Chang. "Signal Modification for Robust Speech Coding." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 12, no. 1 (January 2004): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2003.819946.

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4

Takata, Tsuyoshi, Shoma Araki, Yukihiro Tsuchiya, and Yasuo Watanabe. "Oxidative Stress Orchestrates MAPK and Nitric-Oxide Synthase Signal." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228750.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only harmful to cell survival but also essential to cell signaling through cysteine-based redox switches. In fact, ROS triggers the potential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), one of the downstream mediators of the MAPK pathway, is implicated in various cellular processes through phosphorylating different substrates. As such, RSK1 associates with and phosphorylates neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) at Ser847, leading to a decrease in NO generation. In addition, the RSK1 activity is sensitive to inhibition by reversible cysteine-based redox modification of its Cys223 during oxidative stress. Aside from oxidative stress, nitrosative stress also contributes to cysteine-based redox modification. Thus, the protein kinases such as Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) and II (CaMKII) that phosphorylate nNOS could be potentially regulated by cysteine-based redox modification. In this review, we focus on the role of post-translational modifications in regulating nNOS and nNOS-phosphorylating protein kinases and communication among themselves.

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Seney, F. D., E. G. Persson, and F. S. Wright. "Modification of tubuloglomerular feedback signal by dietary protein." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): F83—F90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.1.f83.

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Compared with the effects of a 6% protein diet, feeding rats a 40% protein diet for 10 days increases glomerular filtration rate and decreases the activity of the tubuloglomerular (TG) feedback control system. The decrease in TG feedback activity results from an increase in the threshold at which the loop of Henle flow rate initiates feedback responses. To determine whether this protein-dependent shift in the TG feedback response curve is caused by changes in either the signal or the sensing mechanism in the feedback pathway, we used micropuncture and microperfusion techniques to study the TG feedback system of rats fed high- or low-protein (40 or 6% casein) diets for approximately 7-10 days. Compared with the rats fed the low-protein diet, in the high-protein group distally measured single nephron glomerular filtration rate was 17% higher, and Na and Cl concentrations in early distal tubule fluid were 30-50% lower. Early distal osmolality was not different in the two groups. TG feedback responses assessed by changes in stop-flow pressure during perfusion of the distal nephron with NaCl solutions did not differ between diet groups. We conclude that the sensing mechanism in the TG feedback system is not altered by this manipulation of dietary protein, whereas the signal eliciting the TG feedback response is affected. Because rats fed a high-protein diet have higher rates of Na and Cl absorption between the late proximal and early distal tubules than do rats fed a low-protein diet, early distal Na and Cl concentrations are reduced, and the signal for TG feedback is diminished in rats fed the high-protein diet.

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Govind, D., and S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna. "Dynamic prosody modification using zero frequency filtered signal." International Journal of Speech Technology 16, no. 1 (June 9, 2012): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-012-9155-3.

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Sacchi, Emanuele, Tarek Sayed, and Ahmed Osama. "Developing crash modification functions for pedestrian signal improvement." Accident Analysis & Prevention 83 (October 2015): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.009.

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Zamani, Mohammad, Iman Shames, and Robert Hunjet. "Distributed Signal Signature Minimization Via Network Topology Modification." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 3286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1137.

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9

Kim, Seung Tae, Kap-Jin Kim, Ki-Won Song, and Jae Min Ahn. "Performance of TPC based ranging signal for more than 2 services multiplexing." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199403007.

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This paper presents signal structure and power efficiency performance for simultaneous transmission of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service signals based on Tiered Polyphase Code (TPC). For the simultaneous transmission of three or more service signals, the intermodulation terms addition and modification of the power allocations for the signal multiplexing are applied first to the spreading signal with the binary pseudorandom noise (PRN) code and a constant envelope signal is generated. Then, Zadoff-Chu sequence is applied as a secondary code to generate a multiplexed satellite navigation signal having a constant envelope characteristic. Simulation results show that power efficiency performance of more than 80% can be achieved in three service signal multiplexing.

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10

Finkel, Toren. "Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species." Journal of Cell Biology 194, no. 1 (July 11, 2011): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201102095.

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Although historically viewed as purely harmful, recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as important physiological regulators of intracellular signaling pathways. The specific effects of ROS are modulated in large part through the covalent modification of specific cysteine residues found within redox-sensitive target proteins. Oxidation of these specific and reactive cysteine residues in turn can lead to the reversible modification of enzymatic activity. Emerging evidence suggests that ROS regulate diverse physiological parameters ranging from the response to growth factor stimulation to the generation of the inflammatory response, and that dysregulated ROS signaling may contribute to a host of human diseases.

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Hundzina, M. A. "Spectrum Analysis of Signal in Wolfram Mathematica System." Science & Technique 20, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-2-173-178.

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The purpose of this paper is a spectrum analysis of signals of various nature, construction of the signal scalogram using Morlet wavelet, modification of the scalogram to obtain a more informative graphic representation of the signal. Spectral analysis of the signal is constructed by means of the Fourier transform. A modification of the graphical representation of the result of the wavelet transform has been developed with the help of the Mathematica system. For this, a wavelet scalogram has been used as a two-dimensional representation of the original signal. A scale has been introduced on it for the value of the signal amplitude depending on the time and period of its constituent components. This graphical representation allows us to obtain additional information about the dynamic properties of the original signal. A modification of the representation of the original signal scalogram has been developed for a more complete spectrum analysis (determination of the period of the constituent components). The paper contains an example using a modified scalogram for the analysis of a signal containing two pulses, an audio signal and white noise. The basic wavelet in this case is the Morlet wavelet. A comparison of the scalogram, obtained using the built-in function, and the modified scalogram has been made in the paper. The disadvantage of the first scalogram is the impossibility of assessing the frequency of the signal; its advantage is the ability to assess the localization of the pulse. For a modified scalogram, the advantage is the estimation of the signal periodicity, and the disadvantage is the inaccuracy in determining the range of pulse localization. For spectrum analysis in Mathematica, it is recommended to use a combination of two approaches (using a standard built-in function to determine the localization of the pulse) and a modified scalogram (to determine the periods of the constituent components).

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12

Bai, Fan. "Perceptual Effects of Nasal Cue Modification." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (September 22, 2015): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001509010399.

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Acoustic or perceptual cues used for speech perception can be very helpful in almost all areas of speech signal processing. A new methodology 3-Dimensional-Deep Search and a new visualized intelligible time-frequency computerbased model AI-gram have been developed and are being researched since the last several years (Human Speech Recognition (HSR) research group at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) for isolation of stable perceptual cues of consonants. The perceptual cues of nasal consonants [1] have been successfully found considering these techniques [1]. The previous work is extended by assessing the changes in nasal sound perception and cue region is modified by using digital signal processing method. The amplitude of the perceptual cue region is amplified, attenuated or ignored completely and then the perception score is measured. A high correlation between the amplitude of the cue region and the perception score is found. The intelligibility of the entire token is increased or decreased approximately in a similar fashion as the cue region modified amplitude which is measured by the MMSE shift of the perceptual score curve. This validates that the regions identified are perceptual cue regions for nasal consonants. The digital signal processing method proposed can be used as a new approach for enhancing speech signal in noisy conditions.

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Kim, Geon-Woo, and Aleem Siddiqui. "Hepatitis B virus X protein recruits methyltransferases to affect cotranscriptional N6-methyladenosine modification of viral/host RNAs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 3 (January 4, 2021): e2019455118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019455118.

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of cellular and viral RNAs is the most prevalent internal modification that occurs cotranscriptionally. Previously, we reported the dual functional role of m6A modification of HBV transcripts in the viral life cycle. Here, we show that viral HBV X (HBx) protein is responsible for the m6A modifications of viral transcripts. HBV genomes defective in HBx failed to induce m6A modifications of HBV RNAs during infection/transfection, while ectopic expression of HBx restores m6A modifications of the viral RNAs but not the mutant HBx carrying the nuclear export signal. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we provide evidence that HBx and m6A methyltransferase complexes are localized on the HBV minichromosome to achieve cotranscriptional m6A modification of viral RNAs. HBx interacts with METTL3 and 14 to carry out methylation activity and also modestly stimulates their nuclear import. This role of HBx in mediating m6A modification also extends to host phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mRNA. This study provides insight into how a viral protein recruits RNA methylation machinery to m6A-modify RNAs.

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Terzic, J., I. Marinovic-Terzic, F. Ikeda, and I. Dikic. "Ubiquitin signals in the NF-κB pathway." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 5 (October 25, 2007): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350942.

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The NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) transcription factors control cell survival, proliferation and innate and adaptive immune response. Post-translational modifications of key components of the NF-κB pathway provide the molecular basis for signal transmission from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Here, we describe the involvement of different types of ubiquitin modification in the regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway.

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15

Pilgrim, Ben S., Derrick A. Roberts, Thorsten G. Lohr, Tanya K. Ronson, and Jonathan R. Nitschke. "Signal transduction in a covalent post-assembly modification cascade." Nature Chemistry 9, no. 12 (August 21, 2017): 1276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2839.

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Takenobu, H., O. Shimozato, T. Nakamura, H. Ochiai, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Ohira, A. Nakagawara, and T. Kamijo. "CD133 suppresses neuroblastoma cell differentiation via signal pathway modification." Oncogene 30, no. 1 (September 6, 2010): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2010.383.

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17

Aletta, John M., Thomas R. Cimato, and Murray J. Ettinger. "Protein methylation: a signal event in post-translational modification." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 23, no. 3 (March 1998): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(98)01185-2.

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18

Li, Tianhu, and Steven E. Rokita. "Selective modification of DNA controlled by an ionic signal." Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, no. 20 (September 1991): 7771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a055.

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19

SCUDDER, CHARLES A., and ALBERT F. FUCHS. "The Error Signal for Modification of Vestibuloocular Reflex Gain." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 656, no. 1 Sensing and C (May 1992): 884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25283.x.

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20

Yoo, Sungyub D., J. Robert Boston, Amro El-Jaroudi, Ching-Chung Li, John D. Durrant, Kristie Kovacyk, and Susan Shaiman. "Speech signal modification to increase intelligibility in noisy environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 2 (August 2007): 1138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2751257.

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21

Ivanov, Martin Aleksandrov, Jürg Luterbacher, and Sven Kotlarski. "Climate Model Biases and Modification of the Climate Change Signal by Intensity-Dependent Bias Correction." Journal of Climate 31, no. 16 (August 2018): 6591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0765.1.

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Climate change impact research and risk assessment require accurate estimates of the climate change signal (CCS). Raw climate model data include systematic biases that affect the CCS of high-impact variables such as daily precipitation and wind speed. This paper presents a novel, general, and extensible analytical theory of the effect of these biases on the CCS of the distribution mean and quantiles. The theory reveals that misrepresented model intensities and probability of nonzero (positive) events have the potential to distort raw model CCS estimates. We test the analytical description in a challenging application of bias correction and downscaling to daily precipitation over alpine terrain, where the output of 15 regional climate models (RCMs) is reduced to local weather stations. The theoretically predicted CCS modification well approximates the modification by the bias correction method, even for the station–RCM combinations with the largest absolute modifications. These results demonstrate that the CCS modification by bias correction is a direct consequence of removing model biases. Therefore, provided that application of intensity-dependent bias correction is scientifically appropriate, the CCS modification should be a desirable effect. The analytical theory can be used as a tool to 1) detect model biases with high potential to distort the CCS and 2) efficiently generate novel, improved CCS datasets. The latter are highly relevant for the development of appropriate climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience strategies. Future research needs to focus on developing process-based bias corrections that depend on simulated intensities rather than preserving the raw model CCS.

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Herr, Michael D., Cynthia S. Hogeman, Dennis W. Koch, Anandi Krishnan, Afsana Momen, and Urs A. Leuenberger. "A real-time device for converting Doppler ultrasound audio signals into fluid flow velocity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): H1626—H1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00713.2009.

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A Doppler signal converter has been developed to facilitate cardiovascular and exercise physiology research. This device directly converts audio signals from a clinical Doppler ultrasound imaging system into a real-time analog signal that accurately represents blood flow velocity and is easily recorded by any standard data acquisition system. This real-time flow velocity signal, when simultaneously recorded with other physiological signals of interest, permits the observation of transient flow response to experimental interventions in a manner not possible when using standard Doppler imaging devices. This converted flow velocity signal also permits a more robust and less subjective analysis of data in a fraction of the time required by previous analytic methods. This signal converter provides this capability inexpensively and requires no modification of either the imaging or data acquisition system.

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23

Niedenthal, R. "Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation (UFDS)." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 6 (November 23, 2007): 1430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351430.

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SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of proteins of different cellular processes. Dependent on the transient, small SUMOylated portion of most target proteins, it is difficult to identify and characterize this modification and its functions, and it is even more difficult to study the interplay between SUMOylation and other modifications on a specific protein. To facilitate the analysis of protein SUMOylation and its interplay with other protein modifications, the UFDS (Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation) system has been developed. The identification of new SUMOylation substrates and the elucidation of the interplay between STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) phosphorylation and SUMOylation demonstrate UFDS as a useful tool for analysing protein SUMOylation.

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Sripichai, Orapan, Christine M. Kiefer, Natarajan V. Bhanu, Toshihiko Tanno, Seung-Jae Noh, Sung-Ho Goh, J. Eric Russell, et al. "Cytokine-mediated increases in fetal hemoglobin are associated with globin gene histone modification and transcription factor reprogramming." Blood 114, no. 11 (September 10, 2009): 2299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-219386.

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Abstract Therapeutic regulation of globin genes is a primary goal of translational research aimed toward hemoglobinopathies. Signal transduction was used to identify chromatin modifications and transcription factor expression patterns that are associated with globin gene regulation. Histone modification and transcriptome profiling were performed using adult primary CD34+ cells cultured with cytokine combinations that produced low versus high levels of gamma-globin mRNA and fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Embryonic, fetal, and adult globin transcript and protein expression patterns were determined for comparison. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed RNA polymerase II occupancy and histone tail modifications consistent with transcriptional activation only in the high-HbF culture condition. Transcriptome profiling studies demonstrated reproducible changes in expression of nuclear transcription factors associated with high HbF. Among the 13 genes that demonstrated differential transcript levels, 8 demonstrated nuclear protein expression levels that were significantly changed by cytokine signal transduction. Five of the 8 genes are recognized regulators of erythropoiesis or globin genes (MAFF, ID2, HHEX, SOX6, and EGR1). Thus, cytokine-mediated signal transduction in adult erythroid cells causes significant changes in the pattern of globin gene and protein expression that are associated with distinct histone modifications as well as nuclear reprogramming of erythroid transcription factors.

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Turan, Jan, Zoran Bojkovic, Peter Filo, Andreja Samcovic, and L'ubos Ovsenik. "Signal processing with continuous Kernel Hough transform." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 18, no. 1 (2005): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0501113t.

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The paper deals with new modification of Hough transform - Continuous Kernel Hough transform. Definition of Continuous Kernel Hough transform, image processing, system identification and basics of parameter estimation are presented.

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Priambodo, Dimas Febriyan, and Ahmad Ashari. "Resource Modification On Multicore Server With Kernel Bypass." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 14, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.54170.

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Technology develops very fast marked by many innovations both from hardware and software. Multicore servers with a growing number of cores require efficient software. Kernel and Hardware used to handle various operational needs have some limitations. This limitation is due to the high level of complexity especially in handling as a server such as single socket discriptor, single IRQ and lack of pooling so that it requires some modifications. The Kernel Bypass is one of the methods to overcome the deficiencies of the kernel. Modifications on this server are a combination increase throughput and decrease server latency. Modifications at the driver level with hashing rx signal and multiple receives modification with multiple ip receivers, multiple thread receivers and multiple port listener used to increase throughput. Modifications using pooling principles at either the kernel level or the program level are used to decrease the latency. This combination of modifications makes the server more reliable with an average throughput increase of 250.44% and a decrease in latency 65.83%.

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alZahir, Saif, and Md Wahedul Islam. "Audio Watermarking Scheme Using IMFs and HHT for Forensic Applications." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 5, no. 4 (October 2013): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2013100104.

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Audio signals and applications are numerous and ubiquitous. Most of these applications especially those on the Internet require authentication and proof(s) of ownership. There are several efficient methods in the literature address these crucial and critical concerns. In this paper, the authors present a new non-blind audio watermarking scheme for forensic audio authentication and proof of ownership. The proposed scheme is based on empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert Haung Transformation (HHT). In this method, the audio signal is decomposed into frames of 1024 sample each. These frames are further decomposed into its several mono-component signals called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). These Intrinsic Mode Functions will serve as the addressee for the watermark. In this research, the chosen watermark is a pseudo random number generated by Matlab-7, which is added to the highest and lowest IMFs of each frame of the decomposed signal. This is done to accommodate for time scale modification attacks as well as MP3 compression respectively. Experimental results show that the watermarked audio signals maintained high fidelity of more than 20 dBs which meets the International Federation of Phonographic Industry requirements. The results also show that the proposed scheme is robust against signal processing attacks such as MP3, time scale modification, and resizing attacks.

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Ninness, Brett, and Soren John Henriksen. "Time-Scale Modification of Speech Signals." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 56, no. 4 (April 2008): 1479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2007.909350.

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Kamino, K., J. M. Keegstra, J. Long, T. Emonet, and T. S. Shimizu. "Adaptive tuning of cell sensory diversity without changes in gene expression." Science Advances 6, no. 46 (November 2020): eabc1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc1087.

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In the face of uncertainty, cell populations tend to diversify to enhance survival and growth. Previous studies established that cells can optimize such bet hedging upon environmental change by modulating gene expression to adapt both the average and diversity of phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate that cells can tune phenotypic diversity also using posttranslational modifications. In the chemotaxis network of Escherichia coli, we find, for both major chemoreceptors Tar and Tsr, that cell-to-cell variation in response sensitivity is dynamically modulated depending on the presence or absence of their cognate chemoeffector ligands in the environment. Combining experiments with mathematical modeling, we show that this diversity tuning requires only the environment-dependent covalent modification of chemoreceptors and a standing cell-to-cell variation in their allosteric coupling. Thus, when environmental cues are unavailable, phenotypic diversity enhances the population’s readiness for many signals. However, once a signal is perceived, the population focuses on tracking that signal.

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Zhu, Xue Gui, Zhi Hong Fu, and Xing Zhe Hou. "Modification of Neuron PID Control in Case of Improper Learning Factors." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6795.

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Some modifications of conventional neuron proportional-integral-differential controller (NPID) are presented in this paper to prevent its slow dynamic response and loss of control in case of improper learning factors. The quasi-step signal replaces the step signal as the reference signal to improve the dynamic characteristics. The control output of NPID is modified every step by multiplying a penalty factor called senior teacher signal to suppress further the overshoot and compress the settling time. The steady-state error from the modified NPID (MNPID) is reduced or removed by adjusting dynamically reference input signal while excluding the pseudo steady state. Lots of simulation experiments are done to prove the stability and convergence of the MNPID control algorithm.

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De Boeck, Miriam, and Peter Ten Dijke. "Key role for ubiquitin protein modification in TGFβ signal transduction." Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 117, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2012.654858.

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IM, Tae-Ho, Jaekwon KIM, and Yong-Soo CHO. "A Computationally Efficient Modification of QRM-MLD Signal Detection Method." IEICE Transactions on Communications E92-B, no. 4 (2009): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e92.b.1365.

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Stefanov, Emily K., Jordan M. Ferrage, Nicholas F. Parchim, Christine E. Lee, Angela D. Reginelli, Mara Taché, and Rosalie A. Anderson. "Modification of the zone of polarizing activity signal by trypsin." Development, Growth & Differentiation 51, no. 2 (February 9, 2009): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01089.x.

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Leśnik, C., and A. Kawalec. "Modification of a Weighting Function for NLFM Radar Signal Designing." Acta Physica Polonica A 114, no. 6A (December 2008): A—143—A—149. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.114.a-143.

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Jong Won Shin and Nam Soo Kim. "Signal modification for ADPCM based on analysis-by-synthesis framework." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 13, no. 3 (March 2006): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2005.862599.

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Bennett, A. J. "Modification of lightning quasi-electrostatic signal by mesospheric halo generation." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 113 (June 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2014.03.010.

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Zhou, Hao. "Study on Improvement of MUSIC Estimation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2750.

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MUSIC algorithm is a subspace decomposition method whose high resolution capability and other aspects of its performance have been investigated widely. Application of MUSIC algorithm to DOA (direction-of-arrival) estimation is of massive computation and requires that the number of signals must be known to partition the space into signal subspace and noise subspace. Moreover, the algorithm does not make use of information on the intensity of signals. This paper deeply investigates the theory of MUSIC algorithm and proposes a modification method which overcomes the disadvantages above. Finally, simulation tests have been undertaken to compare the original algorithm and its modification, which verifies the validity of the theory.

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Hossen, A., and U. Heute. "Different Zoom Approaches for Improving Spectral Resolution with Applications in Radar Signal Processing." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol8iss1pp1-11.

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Different approaches for a high-resolution analysis of narrow-band spectra are reviewed and compared. Partial-band algorithms are proved to be zoom-FFT's. In this contribution, three new modifications of the (Subband-FFT) SB-FFT are presented. In the first modification the chirp z-transform substitutes the small FFT which calculates the band of interest. In the second modification, the idea of zero-padding the input signal is applied to the SB-FFT with pruning at both input and output. Lastly zooming a small band of frequencies using a method of transforming by parts is applied for a narrow-band signal using the adaptive SB-FFT. A newly introduced version of the subband technique is included also in this work. In this version the subband decomposition technique is combined with the linear prediction method for higher spectrum resolution. Application of the SB-FFT and its modified versions and the new version in measuring the Doppler-frequency directly and indirectly for the purpose of vehicle-speed measurements is introduced in this paper. Comparison between all methods in terms of complexity and resolution is given. A new idea of channel test is included to keep the real-time successive measurements of Doppler frequency stable and consistent as well as simple.

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Yang, Liwei, Si Zhang, Xiaoqiang Liu, Yunfei Tang, Yanmei Zhou, and Danny K. Y. Wong. "Detection signal amplification strategies at nanomaterial-based photoelectrochemical biosensors." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 35 (2020): 7880–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb01191f.

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Sivokon’, Vladimir. "Ionosphere modification and topology of ionospheric magnetically-oriented irregularities." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019602016.

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One of the perspective directions of active impact on the ionosphere is the for-mation of electron concentration irregularities. Such irregularities can be used to increase the efficiency of radar systems and signal transfer in an interlayer ionospheric waveguide. Experiments on Alaska-Antarctica path showed that signal level at a receiving site is de-termined by heating wave parameters. In this case we did not study the character of its level change with time, i.e. possible fading, that is very important for radio-engineering systems. It is known that fading is determined by dimensions and space distribution of irregularity. Observations over EISCAT experiments make it possible, to some degree, to show the character of a scattered signal and the topology of ionospheric magnetically-oriented irregularities in the area of active impact on the ionosphere.

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Zaunschirm, Markus, Joshua D. Reiss, and Anssi Klapuri. "A Sub-Band Approach to Modification of Musical Transients." Computer Music Journal 36, no. 2 (June 2012): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00117.

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The transient modifier is a type of audio effect that changes the level of the transient parts in a musical signal while leaving the steady-state parts unchanged. This article presents a high-performance algorithm for transient detection and modification, one that is capable of modifying transients in polyphonic or multi-voiced signals, and capable of modifying both hard (percussive) and soft (non-percussive) transients. The detection and modification of transients are performed in the frequency-domain using a sub-band approach. Detection is based on both phase and energy information using an adaptive threshold, and modification is carried out independently at each sub-band. The performance of the proposed sub-band approach was compared with other transient-modification algorithms using subjective listening tests. We show that the sub-band approach with adaptive threshold mostly outperforms other approaches.

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Guzik, Grzegorz P., and Wacław Stachowicz. "Study on radiation-induced radicals giving rise to stable EPR signal suitable for the detection of irradiation in L-sorbose-containing fruits." Nukleonika 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2016-0075.

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Abstract The stable and complex EPR signals produced by the action of ionizing radiation on crystalline L-sorbose (C6H12O6) separated from rowan berries (Sorbus aucuparia) were studied. Isothermal heating of the samples at the temperature close to the melting point of L-sorbose (140°C) results in the modification and simplification of the EPR signal involved. In the EPR signal of heated L-sorbose, the isotropic quartet was distinguished. In the differential spectrum obtained by subtraction of normalized spectra of unheated and heated L-sorbose, the isotropic doublet was identified in addition. The DFT fitting offers the probable assignment of the EPR signals to specific radical structures.

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Andrysiak, Tomasz, and Łukasz Saganowski. "Anomaly detection system based on sparse signal representation." Image Processing & Communications 16, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2011): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10248-012-0010-6.

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Anomaly detection system based on sparse signal representationIn this paper we present further expansion of our matching pursuit methodology for anomaly detection in computer networks. In our previous work we proposed new signal based algorithm for intrusion detection systems based on anomaly detection approach on the basis of the Matching Pursuit algorithm. This time we present completely different approach to generating base functions (atoms) dictionary. We propose modification of K-SVD [1] algorithm in order to select atoms from real 1-D signal which represents network traffic features. Dictionary atoms selected in this way have the ability to approximate different 1-D signals representing network traffic features. Achieved dictionary was used to detect network anomalies on benchmark data sets. Results were compared to the dictionary based on analytical 1-D Gabor atoms.

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Kaplun, Dmitry, Alexander Voznesenskiy, Sergei Romanov, Erivelton Nepomuceno, and Denis Butusov. "Optimal Estimation of Wavelet Decomposition Level for a Matching Pursuit Algorithm." Entropy 21, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090843.

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In this paper, we consider the application of the matching pursuit algorithm (MPA) for spectral analysis of non-stationary signals. First, we estimate the approximation error and the performance time for various MPA modifications and parameters using central processor unit and graphics processing unit (GPU) to identify possible ways to improve the algorithm. Next, we propose the modifications of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and package wavelet decomposition (PWD) for further use in MPA. We explicitly show that the optimal decomposition level, defined as a level with minimum entropy, in DWT and PWD provides the minimum approximation error and the smallest execution time when applied in MPA as a rough estimate in the case of using wavelets as basis functions (atoms). We provide an example of entropy-based estimation for optimal decomposition level in spectral analysis of seismic signals. The proposed modification of the algorithm significantly reduces its computational costs. Results of spectral analysis obtained with MPA can be used for various signal processing applications, including denoising, clustering, classification, and parameter estimation.

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de Pedro-Carracedo, Javier, Ana María Ugena, and Ana Pilar Gonzalez-Marcos. "Dynamical Analysis of Biological Signals with the 0–1 Test: A Case Study of the PhotoPlethysmoGraphic (PPG) Signal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 6508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146508.

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The 0–1 test distinguishes between regular and chaotic dynamics for a deterministic system using a time series as a starting point without appealing to any state space reconstruction method. A modification of the 0–1 test allows for the determination of a more comprehensive range of signal dynamic behaviors, particularly in the field of biological signals. We report the results of applying the test and study with more details the PhotoPlethysmoGraphic (PPG) signal behavior from different healthy young subjects, although its use is extensible to other biological signals. While mainly used for heart rate and blood oxygen saturation monitoring, the PPG signal contains extensive physiological dynamics information. We show that the PPG signal, on a healthy young individual, is predominantly quasi-periodic on small timescales (short span of time concerning the dominant frequency). However, on large timescales, PPG signals yield an aperiodic behavior that can be firmly chaotic or a prior transition via an SNA (Strange Nonchaotic Attractor). The results are based on the behavior of well-known time series that are random, chaotic, aperiodic, periodic, and quasi-periodic.

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Mbachu, C. B. "Height Adjustable Sine (HAS) Window Function for Impulse Response Modification of Signal Processing Systems." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 3 (March 27, 2020): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.3.1443.

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A widow function, in signal processing and statistics, is a mathematical function that has zero values outside its chosen interval or limit of sequence, normally symmetric around the middle of the interval. Usually the middle of the window is either maximum or near maximum and tappers smoothly as it moves away to the sides. When another function or sequence of data is mathematically multiplied by the window function the product assumes the appearance and characteristics of the window function. That is, the product is also zero-valued outside the interval and tapering from middle to the sides. The impulse response data of some systems used in signal processing truncate suddenly when being designed. Window functions convert the sudden truncation of these impulse response data to gradual truncation. Without this gradual truncation the processing system will degrade the integrity of complex signals when they are applied to them; the degradation appears in form of signal distortions. Windows are used to weight these impulse response data so as to reduce the degradation and distortions. Several windows are in existence and they include Hamming, rectangular, Han, Kaiser, Triangular, Blackman, Sine, Blackman-Harris, Gaussian, Doph-Chebyshev and Lanczos, windows. Others are Parzen, Nuttall, flat top, and Turkey, windows and others. The characteristics of the signal to be processed, types of systems to be implemented and quality of outputs desired determine the best window to weight any particular impulse response data. In this work a new window referred to as Height Adjustable Sine (HAS) window is developed to join the list of the existing windows. The quality of the window is tested by analysing its amplitude, magnitude and phase responses in frequency domain. Result shows that the window is stable and linear.

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Santoso, Adi. "GLIKOBIOLOGI, GLIKANS DAN GLIKOPROTEIN BESERTA APLIKASINYA DALAM KESEHATAN." BERITA BIOLOGI 20, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v20i1.3991.

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Glycobiology is a study of the structure, biosynthesis, glycosylation and biology of glycans that are widespread in nature. Through the process of glycosylation which is one of the most post-translational forms of protein modification, macromolecular structures that are as diverse as glycoproteins can be formed. In other words, glycosylation is one of the most common structural modifications used by biological systems to expand proteomic diversity. This makes glycosylation a very high prevalence, estimated at 50-70% of all proteins are glycoproteins. Glycosylation can affect proteolysis patterns, ligand-receptor interactions, oncogenic signal transduction, body immunity, cell adhesion and cell matrix. Because of the high level of structural variability that arises from the glycosylation process, many new strategies can be made using the uniqueness of this glycoprotein modification, especially in the pharmaceutical field. This includes modifications in protein engineering in the expression systems of yeast, plant cells and mammalian cells.

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Wijaya, I. Gede Pasek Suta, Keeichi Uchimura, and Gou Koutaki. "Traffic Light Signal Parameters Optimization using Modification of Multielement Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp246-253.

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A strategy to optimize traffic light signal parameters is presented for solving traffic congestion problem using modification of the Multielement Genetic Algorithm (MEGA). The aim of this method is to improve the lack of vehicle throughput (FF ) of the works called as traffic light signal parameters optimization using the MEGA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this case, the modification of MEGA is done by adding Hash-Table for saving some best populations for accelerating the recombination process of MEGA which is shortly called as H-MEGA. The experimental results show that the H-MEGA based optimization provides better performance than MEGA and PSO based methods (improving the FF of both MEGA and PSO based optimization methods by about 10.01% (from 82,63% to 92.64%) and 6.88% (from 85.76% to 92.64%), respectively). In addition, the H-MEGA improve significantly the real FF of Ooe Toroku road network of Kumamoto City, Japan about 21.62%.

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Rallapalli, Varsha, Melinda Anderson, James Kates, Lauren Balmert, Lynn Sirow, Kathryn Arehart, and Pamela Souza. "Quantifying the Range of Signal Modification in Clinically Fit Hearing Aids." Ear and Hearing 41, no. 2 (2020): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000767.

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Tammi, M., M. Jelinek, and V. T. Ruoppila. "Signal modification method for variable bit rate wide-band speech coding." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 13, no. 5 (September 2005): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2005.851975.

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