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Journal articles on the topic 'Signal-to-noise ratio wall'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

He, Di, Xin Chen, Ling Pei, Lingge Jiang, and Wenxian Yu. "Improvement of Noise Uncertainty and Signal-To-Noise Ratio Wall in Spectrum Sensing Based on Optimal Stochastic Resonance." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040841.

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Noise uncertainty and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) wall are two very serious problems in spectrum sensing of cognitive radio (CR) networks, which restrict the applications of some conventional spectrum sensing methods especially under low SNR circumstances. In this study, an optimal dynamic stochastic resonance (SR) processing method is introduced to improve the SNR of the receiving signal under certain conditions. By using the proposed method, the SNR wall can be enhanced and the sampling complexity can be reduced, accordingly the noise uncertainty of the received signal can also be decreased.

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Costa, Lucas Dos Santos, Dayan Adionel Guimaraes, and Bartolomeu F. Uchoa-Filho. "On the Signal-to-Noise Ratio Wall of Energy Detection in Spectrum Sensing." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 16499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3149476.

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3

Mohsin Riaz, Muhammad, and Abdul Ghafoor. "Through-Wall Image Enhancement Based on Singular Value Decomposition." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/961829.

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Singular value decomposition and information theoretic criterion-based image enhancement is proposed for through-wall imaging. The scheme is capable of discriminating target, clutter, and noise subspaces. Information theoretic criterion is used with conventional singular value decomposition to find number of target singular values. Furthermore, wavelet transform-based denoising is performed (to further suppress noise signals) by estimating noise variance. Proposed scheme works also for extracting multiple targets in heavy cluttered through-wall images. Simulation results are compared on the ba

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Skryl, S. V., M. V. Murashov, E. S. Golubtsova, J. V. Gracheva, and M. A. Parotkina. "Computer simulation of the protection of a room from information leakage through a vibroacoustic channel." Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics 25, no. 2 (2025): 354–61. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2025-25-2-354-361.

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The quality of application of active means of information protection against leakage via vibroacoustic channel is traditionally assessed by the measured value of signal-to-noise ratio. In this case, measurements are taken at several control points to check the security, while the sample size is relatively small, and the measurement process is laborintensive. Based on the studies previously conducted by the authors of the article and modeling of acoustic wave propagation in the protected room, this paper proposes to calculate speech intelligibility at each point of the external enclosing surfac

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Liu, Jin, and Zan Li. "Lowering the signal-to-noise ratio wall for energy detection using parameter-induced stochastic resonator." IET Communications 9, no. 1 (2015): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2014.0511.

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Kapoor, Rajiv, Rashmi Gupta, Le Hoang Son, Sudan Jha, and Raghvendra Kumar. "Adaptive Technique with Cross Correlation for Lowering Signal-to-Noise Ratio Wall in Sensor Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 105, no. 3 (2019): 787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06121-7.

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Liang, Xiao, Shengbo Ye, Chenyang Song, Qingyang Kong, Xiaojun Liu, and Guangyou Fang. "Enhancement of Vital Signals for UWB Through-Wall Radar Using Low-Rank and Block-Sparse Matrix Decomposition." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (2024): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040620.

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Ultra-wideband (UWB) vital detection radar plays an important role in post-disaster search and rescue, but the vital signal acquired in practice is often submerged in noise. In this paper, an advanced signal processing algorithm based on low-rank block-sparse representation is proposed to enhance the vital signal in life detection radar applications. The preprocessed echo signal can be decomposed into low-rank and block-sparse parts. The alternate direction method (ADM) is employed to obtain the block-sparse part containing the desired vital signal. We solve the subproblems involved in the ADM

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Campos, Luiz Manuel Braga da Costa, Manuel José dos Santos Silva, and Agostinho Rui Alves da Fonseca. "On the multipath effects due to wall reflections for wave reception in a corner." Noise Mapping 8, no. 1 (2021): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0004.

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Abstract Multipath effects occur when receiving a wave near a corner, for example, the noise of an helicopter or an aircraft or a drone or other forms of urban air mobility near a building, or a telecommunications receiver antenna near an obstacle. The total signal received in a corner consists of four parts: (i) a direct signal from source to observer; (ii) a second signal reflected on the ground; (iii) a third signal reflected on the wall; (iv) a fourth signal reflected from both wall and ground. The problem is solved in two-dimensions to specify the total signal, whose ratio to the direct s

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Sikula, Josef, J. Majzner, P. Sedlak, and Yasuhiko Mori. "Electromagnetic and Acoustic Emission Fine Spectra." Advanced Materials Research 13-14 (February 2006): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.13-14.169.

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A new measuring method for the detection of fine spectra of electromagnetic and acoustic emission (EME and AE) signals from small cracks is described. It requires wide band ultra-low noise amplifiers, analogue filters, the optimization of signal to noise ratio of sensors and the application of noise elimination methods. Analyses of noise sources in sensors and preamplifiers are given. They are thermal noise, polarization noise and low frequency 1/f noise. Measuring set-up background noise suppression involving also the electromagnetic shielding allows us to detect signals in the range of 1 to

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10

Li, Xinhui, Shengbo Ye, Zihao Wang, et al. "A Compact Stepped Frequency Continuous Waveform Through-Wall Radar System Based on Dual-Channel Software-Defined Radio." Electronics 14, no. 3 (2025): 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14030527.

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Software-defined radio (SDR) has high flexibility and low cost. It conforms to the miniaturization, lightweight, and digitization trends in through-wall radar systems. Stepped frequency continuous waveform (SFCW) is commonly used in through-wall radar, which has high resolution and strong anti-interference ability. This article develops an SFCW through-wall radar system based on a dual-channel SDR platform. Without changing hardware structure and complicated accessories, a phase compensation method of solving the phase incoherence problem in a low-cost dual-channel SDR platform is proposed. In

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Naqiuddin, M. S. M., M. Salman Leong, L. M. Hee, and M. A. M. Azrieasrie. "Ultrasonic signal processing techniques for Pipeline: A review." MATEC Web of Conferences 255 (2019): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925506006.

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Monitoring pipeline wall is an important issue in oil and gas industries. Over time, the defect can occur in the pipeline and can impact surrounding population, environment and may result in injuries or fatalities. While flaws in the pipeline could be detected by ultrasonic testing and monitoring the severity of the flaw. The limitation of ultrasonic testing is the signal contaminate with backscattering noise, which masks flaw echoes in the measured signal. Signal processing take place in the recent year to de-noising for improving signal-to-noise ratio and extract the feature for flaws classi

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de Buck, Matthijs H. S., Peter Jezzard, Robert Frost, et al. "10-channel phased-array coil for carotid wall MRI at 3T." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0288529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288529.

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Background Accurate assessment of plaque accumulation near the carotid bifurcation is important for the effective prevention and treatment of stroke. However, vessel and plaque delineation using MRI can be limited by low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and long acquisition times. In this work, a 10-channel phased-array receive coil design for bilateral imaging of the carotid bifurcation using 3T MRI is proposed. Methods The proposed 10-channel receive coil was compared to a commercial 4-channel receive coil configuration using data acquired from phantoms and healthy volunteers (N = 9). The relat

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13

Omae, Kanna, Takahiro Yamazaki, Kohya Sano, Chiemi Oka, Junpei Sakurai, and Seiichi Hata. "Effect of Noise on Accuracy of Grain Size Evaluation by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Analysis." International Journal of Automation Technology 18, no. 4 (2024): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2024.p0528.

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Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is a magnetic signal caused by domain wall motion and is used for non-destructive testing and evaluation of ferromagnetic materials because of its sensitivity to both mechanical and magnetic properties. Recently, machine learning models have been employed to evaluate materials based on MBN; however, the application of material evaluation to low-volume targets is challenging because of their low signal-to-noise ratio, which is due to their low volume. Therefore, understanding the influence of the signal-to-noise ratio is important, particularly for low-volume obj

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Byun, Gwibo, K. Todd Lowe, Michael Ellery, and Joshua Sole. "Near-Wall Flow Measurements Using Frequency-Modulating Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FM-FRS)." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 8, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.38.

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The frequency-modulating filtered Rayleigh scattering (FM-FRS) technique has been developed and applied for the boundary layer measurements. The FM-FRS technique effectively extracts Rayleigh scattering information from noisy low SNR signals caused by intense wall glare. The boundary layer velocity profiles measured by FM-FRS show excellent agreement with an independent pressure probe measurement and the law-of-the-wall, including approximately 100 μ m above the wall. This technique is desirable for the practical applications of the Rayleigh scattering technique for flow diagnostics to regions

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15

Bravo, Teresa, and Cedric Maury. "Enhanced micro-perforated wall-treatments for reducing the boundary layer noise in a low-speed wind-tunnel: modelling, characterization and optimization studies." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 7 (2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0024.

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Micro-perforated aero-acoustic liners are robust non-fibrous wall-treatments able to achieve significant axial attenuation in low-speed ducted flows, if their input impedance is suitably optimized. They are also potential candidates for broadband reduction of the flow-induced noise, useful to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in wind-tunnels test section or for fan noise control when inserted in casing treatments. The current theoretical and experimental study determines under which range of frequencies, holes diameter and free stream flow velocity, micro-perforated partitions are able to eff

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16

Laliena, Victor, Miguel Ángel Vicente-Álvarez, and Javier Campo. "Monte Carlo simulation of neutron scattering by a textured polycrystal." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 2 (2020): 512–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720002290.

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A method of simulating the neutron scattering by a textured polycrystal is presented. It is based on an expansion of the scattering cross sections in terms of the spherical harmonics of the incident and scattering directions, which is derived from the generalized Fourier expansion of the polycrystal orientation distribution function. The method has been implemented in a Monte Carlo code as a component of the McStas software package, and it has been validated by computing some pole figures of a Zircaloy-4 plate and a Zr–2.5Nb pressure tube, and by simulating an ideal transmission experiment. Th

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17

Wang, Fangfang, Yerong Zhang, and Huamei Zhang. "Through-Wall Detection with LS-SVM under Unknown Wall Characteristics." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2790782.

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One of the main challenges in through-wall imaging (TWI) is the presence of the walls, whose returns tend to obscure the target behind the walls and must be considered and computed in the imaging procedure. In this paper, a two-step procedure for the through-wall detection is proposed. Firstly, an effective clutter mitigation method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is used. It does not require knowledge of the background scene or rely on accurate modeling and estimation of wall parameters. Then, TWI problem is cast as a regression one and solved by means of least-squares support vec

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18

Iyad, Khalil Tumar, Mohammad Arar Adnan, and Abd El-Saleh Ayman. "Utilization of idle time slot in spectrum sensing under noise uncertainty." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 431–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp431-444.

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Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) is a critical process as it directly influences the accuracy of detection. Noise uncertainty affects the reliability of detecting vacant holes in the spectrum, thus limiting the access of that spectrum by secondary users (SUs). In such uncertain environment; SUs sense the received power of a primary user (PU) independently with different measures of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Long sensing time serves in mitigating the effect of noise uncertainty, but on the cost of throughput performance of CR system. In this paper, the scheme of an asynchronous and c

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19

Nagaraja, Jade., and B. Venkatesham. "Sound Source Reconstruction on Flexible Plate backed by a Cavity using Equivalent Source Method." NOISE THEORY AND PRACTICE 4, no. 1 (2018): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1470415.

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Characterization of sound radiation from thin flexible structures, which encloses sound sources, is required for noise control studies. It involves structural-acoustic coupling between flexible structure and acoustic cavity. The aim of present study is to reconstruct the sound source at uncoupled and coupled frequencies using Equivalent Source Method (ESM) for a rectangular box with the single compliant wall. Data for reconstruction is generated from numerical simulations instead of actual measurements. Effect of the regularization and Signal-toNoise Ratio (SNR) on the accuracy of reconstructi

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20

VanDercreek, Colin P., Alireza Amiri-Simkooei, Mirjam Snellen, and Daniele Ragni. "Experimental design and stochastic modeling of hydrodynamic wave propagation within cavities for wind tunnel acoustic measurements." International Journal of Aeroacoustics 18, no. 8 (2019): 752–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475472x19889949.

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This study investigates how embedding microphones in different cavity geometries along the wall of a wind tunnel reduces the measured turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuations. The effect of these cavities on the measured signal-to-noise ratio of an acoustic source with flow present was also quantified. Twelve cavity geometries defined by their depths, diameters, chamfer, opening percentage, and mesh covering were tested. The cavity geometries were selected using a design of experiments methodology. The application of design of experiments enabled a statistically sound and efficient test

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Mitsouras, Dimitrios, Ming Tao, Margreet R. de Vries, et al. "Early animal model evaluation of an implantable contrast agent to enhance magnetic resonance imaging of arterial bypass vein grafts." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 9 (2018): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117753656.

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Background Non-invasive monitoring of autologous vein graft (VG) bypass grafts is largely limited to detecting late luminal narrowing. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) delineates vein graft intima, media, and adventitia, which may detect early failure, the scan time required to achieve sufficient resolution is at present impractical. Purpose To study VG visualization enhancement in vivo and delineate whether a covalently attached MRI contrast agent would enable quicker longitudinal imaging of the VG wall. Material and Methods Sixteen 12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice underwent carotid in

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Rambika, Mugundu, Abdi Abdalla, Baraka Maiseli, and Alfred J. Mwambela. "Performance Evaluation of Aspect Dependent-Based Ghost Suppression Methods for Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging." Tanzania Journal of Science 46, no. 3 (2020): 903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v46i3.28.

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There are many approaches which address multipath ghost challenges in Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) under Compressive Sensing (CS) framework. One of the approaches, which exploits ghosts’ locations in the images, termed as Aspect Dependent (AD), does not require prior knowledge of the reflecting geometry making it superior over multipath exploitation based approaches. However, which method is superior within the AD based category is still unknown. Therefore, their performance comparison becomes inevitable, and hence this paper presents their performance evaluation in view of target rec

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Yang, Shengying, Huibin Qin, Xiaolin Liang, and Thomas Gulliver. "Clutter Elimination and Harmonic Suppression of Non-Stationary Life Signs for Long-Range and Through-Wall Human Subject Detection Using Spectral Kurtosis Analysis (SKA)-Based Windowed Fourier Transform (WFT) Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020355.

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Life sign detection is important in many applications, such as locating disaster victims. This can be difficult in low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and through-wall conditions. This paper considers life sign detection using an impulse ultra-wideband (UWB) bio-radar with an improved sensing algorithm for clutter elimination, harmonic suppression and random-noise de-noising. To improve detection performance, two filters are used to improve SNR of these life signs. The automatic gain method is performed in fast time to improve the respiration signals. The spectral kurtosis analysis (SKA)-based win

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Anderson, Mark C., Kent L. Gee, J. Taggart Durrant, Alexandra Loubeau, William J. Doebler, and Jacob Klos. "Reducing contaminating noise effects when calculating low-boom loudness levels." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 6 (2024): 3889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026436.

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During NASA X-59 quiet supersonic aircraft community response tests, low-boom recordings will contain contaminating noise from instrumentation and ambient acoustical sources. This noise can inflate sonic boom perception metrics by several decibels. This paper discusses the development and comparison of robust lowpass filtering techniques for removing contaminating noise effects from low-boom recordings. The two filters are a time-domain Butterworth-magnitude filter and a frequency-domain Brick Wall filter. Both filters successfully reduce noise contamination in metric calculations for simulate

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Lorenz, Anna Lena, and Song Zhang. "Human Respiration Rate Measurement with High-Speed Digital Fringe Projection Technique." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 9000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23219000.

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This paper proposes a non-contact continuous respiration monitoring method based on Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP). This method aims to overcome the limitations of traditional intrusive techniques by providing continuous monitoring without interfering with normal breathing. The FPP sensor captures three-dimensional (3D) respiratory motion from the chest wall and abdomen, and the analysis algorithms extract respiratory parameters. The system achieved a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 37 dB with an ideal sinusoidal respiration signal. Experimental results demonstrated that a mean corre

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Striletskyi, Yurii, Liubomyr Ropyak, and Andriy Bandura. "Method of oscillation excitation for investigation of inconsistency of coating deposition on long parts." Vibroengineering Procedia 57 (December 12, 2024): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2024.24567.

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A method is proposed for studying the uniformity of electrochemical coating on the outer wall of a thin metal rod by determining the parameters of natural oscillations of this rod, which is clamped on one side. The parameters are studied by analyzing the natural frequencies of the rod. The uneven coating of the rod wall causes a change in the frequency of transverse modes and the shape of the bending line of the rod axis. The mechanical vibrations of the rod are excited by the interaction of an external magnetic field with the Ampere force arising from the current flowing through the rod. A me

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Zhu, Huichao, Jun Tu, Chen Cai, Zhiyang Deng, Qiao Wu, and Xiaochun Song. "A Fast Signal-Processing Method for Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement of Pipelines Based on UKF and SMO." Energies 15, no. 18 (2022): 6554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186554.

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Electromagnetic ultrasonic testing technology has advantages in measuring the thickness of pipelines in service. However, the ultrasonic signal is susceptible to corrosions on the internal and external surfaces of the pipeline. Since the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is nonlinear, and a dynamic model is difficult to establish accurately, in this paper, a new unscented Kalman filter (UKF) method based on a sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed. The experiments, conducted on five different testing samples, validate that the proposed method can effectively process the signals drowned in noi

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Shikhsarmast, Farnaz, Tingting Lyu, Xiaolin Liang, Hao Zhang, and Thomas Gulliver. "Random-Noise Denoising and Clutter Elimination of Human Respiration Movements Based on an Improved Time Window Selection Algorithm Using Wavelet Transform." Sensors 19, no. 1 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010095.

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This paper considers vital signs (VS) such as respiration movement detection of human subjects using an impulse ultra-wideband (UWB) through-wall radar with an improved sensing algorithm for random-noise de-noising and clutter elimination. One filter is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of these VS signals. Using the wavelet packet decomposition, the standard deviation based spectral kurtosis is employed to analyze the signal characteristics to provide the distance estimate between the radar and human subject. The data size is reduced based on a defined region of interest (ROI),

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Jin, Jie, H. Y. Yu, and S. Lv. "Optimization of Plastic Injection Molding Process Parameters for Thin-Wall Plastics Injection Molding." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.525.

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The effects of the process parameters on the warpge and shrinkage of parts in different thickness are analyzed by Taguchi optimization method. Taguchi optimization method was used for exploiting mold analysis based on three level factorial designs. Orthogonal arrays of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are utilized to find the optimal levels and the effect of process parameters on warpage. It can be concluded that Taguchi method is suitable to solve the quality problem of the injection-molded thermoplastic parts.

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Wang, Xiaohan, Benyi Cao, Guoqing Jiang, Tongxiao Shang, and Jian Xu. "Non-Invasive Characterization of Subsurface Barriers Constructed via Deep Soil Mixing for Contaminated Land Containment." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086783.

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Deep soil mixing has been widely used to construct subsurface barriers (cut-off walls) in contaminated sites for contamination containment. Non-invasive geophysical methods are promising for the characterization and assessment of such barriers. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the characterization performance of four geophysical methods (i.e., electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar, seismic imaging, and the transient Rayleigh surface wave method) for a subsurface barrier built using soil-mixing technology. The electrical resistivity tomography results show t

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Wang, Haili, Fuchuan Du, Hao Zhu, Xiaoxiao Zhu, and Qixin Cao. "Heart rate measurement method based on wavelet transform noise reduction for low power millimeter wave radar platform." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2469, no. 1 (2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2469/1/012026.

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Abstract In recent years, non-contact vital sign estimation using millimeter wave radar technology has gotten much attention. Most studies are based on radar platforms that were not built for home scenarios and had high transmitting power and colossal volume. This work employs a low-power millimeter wave radar system produced using Antenna in Package technology (AiP) with a transmit power of less than 6 dBm, significantly lower than that commonly utilized in related research. However, in application scenarios, the echo intensity cannot be maintained at an optimal level with these low-power dev

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Porr, Bernd, and Lucía Muñoz Bohollo. "BCI-Walls: A robust methodology to predict if conscious EEG changes can be detected in the presence of artefacts." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0290446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290446.

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Brain computer interfaces (BCI) depend on reliable realtime detection of conscious EEG changes for example to control a video game. However, scalp recordings are contaminated with non-stationary noise, such as facial muscle activity and eye movements. This interferes with the detection process making it potentially unreliable or even impossible. We have developed a new methodology which provides a hard and measurable criterion if conscious EEG changes can be detected in the presence of non-stationary noise by requiring the signal-to-noise ratio of a scalp recording to be greater than the SNR-w

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Li, Zhixing, Boqiang Shi, Xueping Ren, and Wenyan Zhu. "Research and application of weak fault diagnosis method based on asymmetric potential stochastic resonance." Measurement and Control 52, no. 5-6 (2019): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019830435.

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Because fault characteristics are often difficult to extract from a strong noise background, it is essential for mechanical fault diagnosis to extract a weak characteristic signal with a very small signal-to-noise ratio from a noisy interference. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for diagnosing weak faults in asymmetric potential stochastic resonance. Compared with the existing methods, the asymmetric potential stochastic resonance method not only has characteristics common to the symmetric potential stochastic resonance, but can also change the inclination of the barrier and slope o

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Huang, Chunlong, Hui Li, and Nansong Li. "Flow Noise Spectrum Analysis for Vertical Line Array During Descent in Deep Water." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 28, no. 04 (2020): 2050022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s259172852050022x.

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Reliable acoustic path (RAP) is a direct path used for sound propagation between a shallow source and a deep receiver in deep water. The RAP environment can provide a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment for source localization, so it has been widely studied for underwater passive detection. Active detection can be used for source localization during the descent of a vertical line array (VLA). However, the flow noise originating from the pressure fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) during the descent degrades the detection performance of the VLA. This paper presents a ca

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Hasegawa, Hideyuki, Hiroshi Kanai, Nozomu Hoshimiya, and Yoshiro Koiwa. "Reduction of Influence of Decrease in Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Measurement of Change in Thickness of Arterial Wall Due to Heartbeat." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 5B (2000): 3257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.3257.

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Jõgi, Indrek, Peeter Paris, Elodie Bernard, et al. "Ex Situ LIBS Analysis of WEST Divertor Wall Tiles after C3 Campaign." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 4, no. 1 (2023): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne4010007.

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Fuel retention monitoring in tokamak walls requires the development of remote composition analysis methods such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The present study investigates the feasibility of the LIBS method to analyse the composition and fuel retention in three samples from WEST divertor erosion marker tiles after the experimental campaign C3. The investigated samples originated from tile regions outside of strong erosion and deposition regions, where the variation of thin deposit layers is relatively small and facilitates cross-comparison between different analysis methods.

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Kaushal, Sandeep, Bambam Kumar, and Dharmendra Singh. "An autofocusing method for imaging the targets for TWI radar systems with correction of thickness and dielectric constant of wall." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 1 (2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001356.

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AbstractIn through the wall imaging systems, wall parameters like its thickness and dielectric constant play an important role in the true and correct image formation of an object behind the wall made of various materials like brick cement, wood, plastic, etc. Incorrect estimation of these parameters leads to dislocation of the object and smearing or blurriness of the image too. A new autofocusing technique for a stepped frequency continuous wave -based radar at the frequency of 1–3 Ghz has been developed that corrects the wall's parameters like its thickness and dielectric constant and provid

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Zhang, Haibin, Kesai Ouyang, Qingbo He, and Fanrang Kong. "A novel diversiform stochastic resonance of a domain wall and its performance at different states." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 09 (2016): 1650167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916501670.

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The response of an underdamped stochastic resonance (SR) with a new pining potential model of domain wall (DW) in ferromagnetic strips driven by additive Gaussian white noise to an additive weak harmonic forcing is investigated. We address that the new nonlinear system can be converted between bi-stable and mono-stable freely by tuning the system parameters. Analytical expressions of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the bi-stable stage is obtained based on the linear response theory. In addition, another type of SR, which occurs when the system is mono-stable, is also reported with the intrinsic

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Brennan, James F., George I. Zonios, Thomas D. Wang, et al. "Portable Laser Spectrofluorimeter System for in Vivo Human Tissue Fluorescence Studies." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 12 (1993): 2081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066505.

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A compact, portable spectrofluorimeter which measures broad-band fluorophores with high sensitivity is described. This instrument is specifically designed for acquisition of human tissue autofluorescence spectra in vivo. Pulsed excitation laser light at 337 nm and in the 370–700 nm wavelength range is provided, and the resulting fluorescence can be measured with 10-nm resolution. The system produces single-pulse spectra in human artery wall tissues with a signal-to-noise ratio of 100:1. An optically shielded fiber-optic probe for light delivery and collection permits calibrated intensity infor

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Bien, Harold, and Emilia Entcheva. "Spatial Frequency Content in Optical Mapping of Cardiac Cell Monolayers." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 3 (2006): H1484—H1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00433.2006.

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Fluorescence imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes is an important tool for studying electrical propagation in the heart. Yet, the low amplitude of the voltage-sensitive component in the fluorescence signal and high acquisition rates dictated by the rapid propagation of the excitation wave front make it difficult to achieve recordings with high signal-to-noise ratios. Although spatially and temporally filtering the acquired signals has become de facto one of the key elements of optical mapping, there is no consensus regarding their use. Here we characterize the spatiotemporal spectra of optical

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Mironov, Sergey F., Frederick J. Vetter, and Arkady M. Pertsov. "Fluorescence imaging of cardiac propagation: spectral properties and filtering of optical action potentials." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 1 (2006): H327—H335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01003.2005.

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Fluorescence imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes is an important tool for studying electrical propagation in the heart. Yet, the low amplitude of the voltage-sensitive component in the fluorescence signal and high acquisition rates dictated by the rapid propagation of the excitation wave front make it difficult to achieve recordings with high signal-to-noise ratios. Although spatially and temporally filtering the acquired signals has become de facto one of the key elements of optical mapping, there is no consensus regarding their use. Here we characterize the spatiotemporal spectra of optical

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Foroozan, F., A. Güemes, M. Raiola, R. Castellanos, S. Discetti, and A. Ianiro. "Synchronized measurement of instantaneous convective heat flux and velocity fields in wall-bounded flows." Measurement Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (2023): 125301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ace8ad.

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Abstract This work presents an experimental setup for acquiring synchronized wall and flow field measurements in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL). Instantaneous measurements of the convective heat transfer distribution at the wall and of the flow field are carried out simultaneously, using synchronized wall-parallel planar particle image velocimetry and infrared thermography. A low-thermal-inertia heated-thin-foil sensor is embedded in the wall beneath the TBL to measure the wall temperature maps with enough temporal resolution. The unsteady energy balance of the heated foil can be solved to r

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Zhang, Haibin, Qingbo He, Siliang Lu, and Fanrang Kong. "Stochastic Resonance with a Joint Woods-Saxon and Gaussian Potential for Bearing Fault Diagnosis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/315901.

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This work aims for a new stochastic resonance (SR) model which performs well in bearing fault diagnosis. Different from the traditional bistable SR system, we realize the SR based on the joint of Woods-Saxon potential (WSP) and Gaussian potential (GP) instead of a reflection-symmetric quartic potential. With this potential model, all the parameters in the Woods-Saxon and Gaussian SR (WSGSR) system are not coupled when compared to the traditional one, so the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be optimized much more easily by tuning the system parameters. Besides, a smoother potential bottom

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Chen, Xinjian, Xia Li, and Qiong Chen. "Experimental Study of Ultrafine Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Enhanced MRI in an Atherosclerotic Plaque Model." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (2020): 7444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18882.

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Unstable atherosclerotic (AS) plaques contain numerous macrophages that can phagocytose a specific contrast agent, namely ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). This study prepared USPIO nanoparticles, defined their physical and magnetic properties and transmission characteristics, explored the feasibility of their use as a magnetic resonance negative contrast agent, and used them to detect unstable AS plaque as a specific marker of macrophages. We randomly divided 20 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits into two groups, experimental and control (n = 10 each). The experimental group

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Orekhov, Ilya O., Dmitriy A. Dvoretskiy, Stanislav G. Sazonkin, et al. "Properties of Scalable Chirped-Pulse Optical Comb in Erbium-Doped Ultrafast All-Fiber Ring Laser." Fibers 9, no. 6 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9060036.

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We report on a scalable chirped-pulse Er-doped all-fiber laser, passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nitride nanotubes. The average output power is ~15 mW, which corresponds to a peak power of ~77 W, and pulse energy of ~1.9 nJ and was achieved using a single amplification stage. We observed chirped-pulse generation with a duration of ~24.6 ps at a relatively low repetition rate of ~7.9 MHz, with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~69 dB. To characterize the short-term stability of the obtained regime, we have measured the relative intensity noise of the laser, which is <−107 dBc/Hz in the r

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Schwartz, G. G., S. K. Steinman, M. W. Weiner, and G. B. Matson. "In vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy of right ventricle in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 6 (1992): H1950—H1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.6.h1950.

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The energy metabolism of the right ventricle (RV) in vivo has been largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to develop and implement techniques for in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the RV free wall. A two-turn, crossover-design elliptical surface coil was constructed to provide high sensitivity across the thin RV wall but minimal sensitivity in the blood-filled RV cavity. In 36 open-chest, anesthetized pigs, 31P spectroscopy of the RV free wall was performed with this coil at a field strength of 2 Tesla. Spectra were obtained from 800 acquisitions in 24 min wi

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Yan, Kun, Shiyou Wu, Shengbo Ye, and Guangyou Fang. "A Novel Wireless-Netted UWB Life-Detection Radar System for Quasi-Static Person Sensing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010424.

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In actual life-detection radar applications, a quasi-static person with weak respiration is difficult to find when relying on the echoes from a single fixed observation point. To effectively sense the weak respiration of a quasi-static person in complex through-wall and through-floor conditions, this paper proposes a novel multi-observation point detection system composed of multiple Golay complementary coded radars in which communication and synchronization are carried out wirelessly. The collaboration structure and Golay complementary coded transmitter improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR)

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Dejima, Kazuhito, Osamu Nakabeppu, Yuto Nakamura, Tomohiro Tsuchiya, and Keisuke Nagasaka. "Three-point MEMS heat flux sensor for turbulent heat transfer measurement in internal combustion engines." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 7 (2018): 696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418770308.

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A heat flux sensor was developed with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies for investigating turbulent heat transfer characteristics in engines. The sensor has three thin-film resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) of a square 315 µm on a side on a 900 µm diameter circle in rotational symmetry. The performances of the MEMS systems sensor were tested in an open combustion chamber and a laboratory engine. In the open chamber tests, it was revealed that the MEMS sensor can measure the wall heat fluxes reflecting flow states of gas phase. In addition, the noise was evaluated as 3.

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Li, Zhi, Tian Jin, Yongpeng Dai, and Yongkun Song. "Through-Wall Multi-Subject Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Using UWB MIMO Imaging Radar." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (2021): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152905.

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Radar-based non-contact vital signs monitoring has great value in through-wall detection applications. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental study of through-wall respiration and heartbeat pattern extraction from multiple subjects. To detect the vital signs of multiple subjects, we employ a low-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) imaging radar and derive the relationship between radar images and vibrations caused by human cardiopulmonary movements. The derivation indicates that MIMO radar imaging with the stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW)

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Montadar, Abas Taher, Z. Ahmed Mohammad, and Hmood Salman Emad. "Compressive spectrum sensing using two-stage scheme for cognitive radio networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (2020): 5899–908. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp5899-5908.

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The modern applications of communications that use wideband signals suffer the lacking since the resources of this kind of signals are limited especially for fifth generation (5G). The compressive spectrum sensing (COMPSS) techniques address such issues to reuse the detected signals in the networks and applications of 5G. However, the raw techniques of COMPSS have low compression ratio and high computational complexity rather than high level of noise variance. In this paper, a hybrid COMPSS scheme has been developed for both non-cooperative and cooperative cognitive radio networks. The propose

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