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Journal articles on the topic 'Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lucks, Marcio Barbosa, and Heuller A. C. Procópio. "Analysis of Companding Techniques Applied to Onboard Telemetry Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.915.

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In order to increase the dynamic range and the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of telecommunication systems, companding techniques were developed, such as the μ-law and the A-law. These techniques allow a non-uniform quantization of the signal using a compressor circuit followed by a uniform quantizer in the transmitter and the reconstruction of the original signal on the receiver by means of an expander circuit. Some types of signals monitored during the flight of sounding vehicles and satellite launchers have a very wide dynamic range. In this paper, we propose and analyze the use

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2

Hasso, Alaaldin, and Karwan Jacksi. "Effects of Rounding and Truncating Methods of Quantization Error and SQNR for Sine Signal." Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends 1, no. 1 (2020): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jastt113.

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Within the Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC), quantization noise is a duplicate of a Quantization Error (QE) which is introduced by quantization. In signal processing and telecommunication systems, the noise is non-linear and depends on the signal type. During the analog, Sine signal converts to the digital (ADC) process, the two methods are used Rounding and Truncating in-order to eliminate the error produced in the digitization process. The rounding method quantize assigns each sample of sine signal to the nearest quantization level. However, making the Truncating would have assigned each s

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3

Liu, Wen Yan, Bin Zhang, Long Chen, Chao Gao, and Xiao Wei Liu. "A High-Performance Mash Fourth-Order Sigma-Delta Modulator." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.207.

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This paper reports on a system level design and analysis of a mash fourth-order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator. Compared with a high-order single-loop ΣΔ modulator (ΣΔM), there’s no need to consider about the system stability of a mash ΣΔM, which has the advantages of better signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR). System level simulation results indicate that the SQNR is 122.0 dB, and the effective number of bits (ENOB) is 19.97 bits when the over sampling ratio (OSR) is 128.

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Denić, Bojan, Zoran Perić, Vladimir Despotović, Nikola Vučić, and Predrag Petrović. "Dual-mode quasi-logarithmic quantizer with embedded G.711 codec." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 1 (2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2018-0006.

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Abstract The G.711 codec has been accepted as a standard for high quality coding in many applications. A dual-mode quantizer, which combines the nonlinear logarithmic quantizer for restricted input signals and G.711 quantizer for unrestricted input signals is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the proposed quantizer are optimized, where the minimal distortion is used as the criterion. It is shown that the optimized version of the proposed quantizer provides 5.4 dB higher SQNR (Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio) compared to G.711 quantizer, or equivalently it performs savings in the bit

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Li, Yao Guang, Xiao Wei Liu, Yan Xiao, and Yun Tao Liu. "A High-Performance Fourth-Order Sigma-Delta Micromachined Accelerometer." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.422.

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This paper reports on a system level design and analysis of a single-loop fourth-order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) accelerometer. Compared with a second-order single-loop ΣΔ modulator (ΣΔM) formed by the sensing element here the sensing element is cascaded with two extra electronic integrators to form the fourth ΣΔM, which has the advantages of better signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR). System level simulation results indicate that the SQNR is 96.86 dB, and the effective number of bits (ENOB) is 15.8 bits when the over sampling ratio (OSR) is 128. Stability of the system is analyzed by root locus

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Yin, Y., H. Klar, and P. Wennekers. "A 8X Oversampling Ratio, 14bit, 5-MSamples/s Cascade 3-1 Sigma-delta Modulator." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-277-2005.

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Abstract. A 14-b, 5-MHz output-rate cascaded 3-1 sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADC) has been developed for broadband communication applications, and a novel 4th-order noise-shaping is obtained by using the proposed architecture. At a low oversampling ratio (OSR) of 8, the ADC achieves 91.5dB signal-to-quantization ratio (SQNR), in contrast to 71.8dB of traditional 2-1-1 cascaded sigma-delta ADC in 2.5-MHz bandwidth and over 80dB signal-to-noise and distortion (SINAD) even under assumptions of awful circuit non-idealities and opamp non-linearity. The proposed architecture can potent

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Petković, Goran, Zoran Perić, and Vladimir Despotović. "SWITCHED UNIFORM SCALAR QUANTIZATION ADAPTED TO MEAN AND VARIANCE FOR SPEECH CODING." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 16, no. 3 (2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr1703263p.

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Average power and variance are widely used in adaptation techniques in signal coding. A speech signal is usually assumed to be zero-mean; thus an average signal power is equal to the signal variance. However, this assumption is valid only for longer signals with a large number of samples. When the signal is divided into frames (especially if the number of samples within the frame is small) the speech signal within the frame may not be zero-mean. Hence, frame-by-frame adaptation to signal mean might be beneficial. A switched uniform scalar quantizer with adaptation to signal mean and variance i

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Savić, Milan S., Zoran H. Perić, Stefan R. Panić, and Aleksandar V. Mosić. "Semi–logarithmic and hybrid quantization of Laplacian source inwide range of variances." Journal of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 6 (2012): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-012-0057-z.

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A novel semilogarithmic hybrid quantizer for non-uniform scalar quantization of Laplacian source, which consist of uniform quantizer and companding quantizer is introduced. Uniform quantizer has unit gain in area around zero. Companding quantizer is defined with a novel logarithm characteristic. Also an analysis of classic semilogarithmic A-law for various values of A parameter is provided. Comparation with classic semilogarithmic A-law is performed. The main advantage of hybrid quantizer is that number of representation levels for both uniform and companding quantizer are not unambiguously de

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Denić, Bojan, Zoran Perić, Milan Dinčić, Sofija Perić, Nikola Simić, and Marko Anđelković. "Switched 32-Bit Fixed-Point Format for Laplacian-Distributed Data." Information 16, no. 7 (2025): 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070574.

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The 32-bit floating-point (FP32) format has many useful applications, particularly in computing and neural network systems. The classic 32-bit fixed-point (FXP32) format often introduces lower quality of representation (i.e., precision), making it unsuitable for real deployment, despite offering faster computations and reduced computational cost, which positively impacts energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a switched FXP32 format able to compete with or surpass the widely used FP32 format across a wide variance range. It actually proposes switching between the possible values of key p

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Perić, Zoran H., Lazar Z–. Velimirović, and Milan R. Dinčić. "Improved Linearization of the Optimal Compression Function for Laplacian Source." Journal of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2014-0028.

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Abstract In this paper, linearization of the optimal compression function is done and hierarchical coding (by coding the regions firstly and then the cells inside the region) is applied, achieving simple and fast process of coding and decoding. The signal at the entrance of the scalar quantizer is modeled by Laplacian probability density function. It is shown that the linearization of inner regions very little influences distortion and therefore only the last region should be optimized. Two methods of optimization of the last region are proposed, that improve performances of the scalar quantiz

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Tomić, Stefan, Jelena Nikolić, Zoran Perić, and Danijela Aleksić. "Performance of Post-Training Two-Bits Uniform and Layer-Wise Uniform Quantization for MNIST Dataset from the Perspective of Support Region Choice." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 7, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1463094.

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This paper contributes to the goal of finding an efficient compression solution for post-training quantization from the perspective of support region choice under the framework of low-bit uniform quantization. The decision to give preference to uniform quantization comes from the fact that support region choice is the most sensitive in the uniform quantization of nonuniform sources (e.g., Laplacian sources). Therefore, in this paper, we analyse in detail how the choice of the support region influences the performance of two-bits uniform quantization, measured with signal to quantization noise

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Peric, Zoran, Bojan Denic, Milan Savic, Milan Dincic, and Darko Mihajlov. "Quantization of Weights of Neural Networks with Negligible Decreasing of Prediction Accuracy." Information Technology and Control 50, no. 3 (2021): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.50.3.28468.

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Quantization and compression of neural network parameters using the uniform scalar quantization is carried out in this paper. The attractiveness of the uniform scalar quantizer is reflected in a low complexity and relatively good performance, making it the most popular quantization model. We present a design approach for the memoryless Laplacian source with zero-mean and unit variance, which is based on iterative rule and uses the minimal mean-squared error distortion as a performance criterion. In addition, we derive closed-form expressions for SQNR (Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio) in a w

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Perić, Zoran, Jelena Nikolić, Danijela Aleksić, and Anastasija Perić. "Symmetric Quantile Quantizer Parameterization for the Laplacian Source: Qualification for Contemporary Quantization Solutions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6647135.

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In this paper, we consider the opportunities and constraints, which rest on quantization as a guiding principle for data representation and compression. In particular, we propose a novel model of Symmetric Quantile Quantizer (SQQ) and we describe in detail its parameterization. We suggest a simple method for offline precalculation of its parameters and we examine the inevitable loss of information introduced by SQQ, as an important part of bit optimization task at the traditional network level, which can be globally mapped out in many contemporary solutions. Our anticipation is that such preca

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Romero-Aguirre, E., R. Parra-Michel, Roberto Carrasco-Alvarez, and A. G. Orozco-Lugo. "Configurable Transmitter and Systolic Channel Estimator Architectures for Data-Dependent Superimposed Training Communications Systems." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/236372.

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In this paper, a configurable superimposed training (ST)/data-dependent ST (DDST) transmitter and architecture based on array processors (APs) for DDST channel estimation are presented. Both architectures, designed under full-hardware paradigm, were described using Verilog HDL, targeted in Xilinx Virtex-5 and they were compared with existent approaches. The synthesis results showed a FPGA slice consumption of 1% for the transmitter and 3% for the estimator with 160 and 115 MHz operating frequencies, respectively. The signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) performance of the transmitter is a

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Jiang, Tao, Chengwei Zhang, Fubo Zhang, Yangliang Wan, and Longyong Chen. "A Multichannel, Multipulse, Multiweight Block-Adaptive Quantization (3MBAQ) Algorithm Based on Space-Borne Multichannel SAR Doppler Domain A-BAQ." Remote Sensing 16, no. 3 (2024): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16030477.

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Amid the conflict between the current huge data volumes and the requirement for large-compression-ratio compression in space-borne multichannel SAR, this paper proposes a data compression method that uses the adaptive bit allocation BAQ method in the Doppler domain of space-borne multichannel SAR. Specifically, 3MBAQ, which denotes multichannel, multipulse, multiweight block-adaptive quantization, performs signal reconstruction through a Krieger filter to obtain the Doppler spectrum under azimuthal multichannel and multipulse conditions and then achieves nonuniform bit allocation by using the

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Nezhad, Mohsen Habib, Khazaimatol S. Subari, and Mehran Yahyavi. "Improvement of wireless transmission system performance for EEG signals based on development of scalar quantization." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 4, no. 1 (2019): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.437.

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Abstract Advancement of wireless technology leads to some developments in current wireless electroencephalography. Through improving the transmission method of brainwaves, it would be possible to bring more convenience for the patients in need and give this opportunity to others for discovering other aspects of the amazing brainwave. What has been proposed in this study is a new type of adjustable backward quantization method which exploits the nature of the brainwave signal. This method is based on the nature of the captured brainwave and its quantization boundary changes based on the amplitu

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MCDONNELL, MARK D., NIGEL G. STOCKS, CHARLES E. M. PEARCE, and DEREK ABBOTT. "QUANTIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF LARGE AMPLITUDE THRESHOLD NOISE." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 05, no. 03 (2005): L457—L468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477505002884.

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Signal quantization in the presence of independent, identically distributed, large amplitude threshold noise is examined. It has previously been shown that when all quantization thresholds are set to the same value, this situation exhibits a form of stochastic resonance known as suprathreshold stochastic resonance. This means the optimal quantizer performance occurs for a small input signal-to-noise ratio. Here we examine the performance of this stochastic quantization in terms of both mutual information and mean square error distortion. It is also shown that for low input signal-to-noise rati

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Heister, S. R., and V. V. Kirichenko. "Influence of Analog-To-Digital Conversion and Decimation Parameters on the Signal-To-Noise Ratio in the Radar Path." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 6 (2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-6-38-50.

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Introduction. The digital representation of received radar signals has provided a wide range of opportunities for their processing. However, the used hardware and software impose some limits on the number of bits and sampling rate of the signal at all conversion and processing stages. These limitations lead to a decrease in the signal-to-interference ratio due to quantization noise introduced by powerful components comprising the received signal (interfering reflections; active noise interference), as well as the attenuation of a low-power reflected signal represented by a limited number of bi

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Huber, Johannes, and Bernd Matschkal. "Spherical logarithmic quantization and its application for DPCM." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 17, no. 2 (2004): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0402165h.

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A new method for efficient digitizing analog signals while preserving the original waveform as close as possible with respect to the relative quantization error is presented. Logarithmic quantization is applied to short vectors of samples represented in sphere coordinates. The resulting advantages, i.e. a constant Signal-to-Noise Ratio over a very high dynamic range at a small loss with respect to rate-distortion theory are discussed. In order to increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by exploitation of correlations within the source signal, a method of combining differential pulse code modu

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Tadic, Predrag, Zeljko Djurovic, and Branko Kovacevic. "Analysis of speech waveform quantization methods." Journal of Automatic Control 18, no. 1 (2008): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0801019t.

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Digitalization, consisting of sampling and quantization, is the first step in any digital signal processing algorithm. In most cases, the quantization is uniform. However, having knowledge of certain stochastic attributes of the signal (namely, the probability density function, or pdf), quantization can be made more efficient, in the sense of achieving a greater signal to quantization noise ratio. This means that narrower channel bandwidths are required for transmitting a signal of the same quality. Alternatively, if signal storage is of interest, rather than transmission, considerable savings

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C. Jenifer Kamalin, Dr. G. Muthu Lakshmi. "Comparative Analysis on Image Compression Algorithm Based on Block Truncation Coding." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 4 (2023): 2623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.1328.

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Block Truncation Coding is a quick and effective method for compressing images, because it employs a non-parametric one-bit or two-bit quantization procedure that adapts to the features of the image. This paper describes and compares the performance of BTC and BTC based techniques such as Enhanced Block Truncation Coding (EBTC), Modified Block Truncation Coding (MBTC), and Adaptive Block Truncation Coding – Edge Quantization (ABTC – EQ). These techniques were applied on the general images and their performance were measured using the metrics such as Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structured S

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Joseph, Sanjith Sathya, and R. Ganesan. "Vector Quantization for Satellite Image Compression." Journal of Communications Technology, Electronics and Computer Science 5 (April 30, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22385/jctecs.v5i0.72.

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Image compression is the process of reducing the size of a file without humiliating the quality of the image to an unacceptable level by Human Visual System. The reduction in file size allows as to store more data in less memory and speed up the transmission process in low bandwidth also, in case of satellite images it reduces the time required for the image to reach the ground station. In order to increase the transmission process compression plays an important role in remote sensing images. This paper presents a coding scheme for satellite images using Vector Quantization. And it is a well-k

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Elizabeth, Sebastian, and Ramakrishnan Jothilakshmi. "Quantifying and Reducing the Signal Noise Using Nonlinear Stochastic Difference Equations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.489.

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This paper deals with quantification of the noise located in the digital signal by an innovative process. This process is associated with the filter that represents the novel information conveyed by the desired signal, residual interference and residual noise which are used to reduce the noise. A typical uniform quantization operation of a sampled signal is identified and interpreted with the framework of stochastic difference equation. A new theorem is proposed with all possible assumptions to support our result to signal noise ratio. AMS [200] Subject Classification: 39A10, 39A30, 39A60, 39B

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Suman, M., Habibulla Khan, M.Madhavi Latha, and D.Aruna Kumari. "Enhancement of Compressed Speech Signal using Recursive Filter." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 02, no. 08 (2013): 261–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14613331.

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Speech compression, enhancement and recognition in noisy, reverberant conditions is a challenging task. In this paper a new approach to this problem, which is developed in the framework of probabilistic random modeling. speech coding techniques are commonly used in low bit rate analysis and synthesis . Coding algorithms seek to minimize the bit rate in the digital representation of a signal without an objectionable loss of signal quality in the process. As the compression techniques that are used are Lossy compression technique and there is every possibility of loss in quality. Speech enhancem

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MCDONNELL, MARK D., DEREK ABBOTT, and CHARLES E. M. PEARCE. "A CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPRATHRESHOLD STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN AN ARRAY OF COMPARATORS BY CORRELATION COEFFICIENT." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 02, no. 03 (2002): L205—L220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477502000786.

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Suprathreshold Stochastic Resonance (SSR), as described recently by Stocks, is a new form of Stochastic Resonance (SR) which occurs in arrays of nonlinear elements subject to aperiodic input signals and noise. These array elements can be threshold devices or FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron models for example. The distinguishing feature of SSR is that the output measure of interest is not maximized simply for nonzero values of input noise, but is maximized for nonzero values of the input noise to signal intensity ratio, and the effect occurs for signals of arbitrary magnitude and not just subthreshold s

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Nsaif, Murtadha Ali. "Analyze the impact of nonlinear distortions on OFDM-based visible light communication systems." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 17, no. 3 (2024): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.2024.146342.1104.

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Visible light communication (VLC) has gained attraction for its use in high-speed wireless connectivity leveraging LED lighting elements. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive modulation scheme due to its spectral efficiency and resilience to multipath distortion. However, the nonlinear electro-optic transfer characteristics of optical components introduce signal clipping and quantization noise which corrupt OFDM signals. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of clipping and quantization noise to quantify the impact of LED nonlinearities on OFDM-based VLC system

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Harrison, A. J., and C. A. McMahon. "Estimation of Acceleration from Data with Quantization Errors Using Central Finite-Difference Methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 207, no. 2 (1993): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_321_02.

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The paper considers the problem of generating derivatives of measured data when appropriate transducers and/or observers are not available. Six methods or schemes for estimating acceleration (or generally the second derivative of one parameter with respect to another), by central finite-difference methods, are described. Each scheme is subject to two principal sources of error: noisy or quantized data and the presence of ignored high-order derivatives of motion. The first of these increases with sampling frequency, and the second decreases. There is thus an optimal frequency of sampling for ea

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Moazzeni, Taleb, Henry Selvaraj, and Yingtao Jiang. "A Novel Multi-Exponential Function-based Companding Technique for Uniform Signal Compression over Channels with Limited Dynamic Range." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, no. 2 (2010): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0016-1.

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A Novel Multi-Exponential Function-based Companding Technique for Uniform Signal Compression over Channels with Limited Dynamic Range Companding, as a variant of audio level compression, can help reduce the dynamic range of an audio signal. In analog (digital) systems, this can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (signal to quantization noise ratio) achieved during transmission. The μ-law algorithm that is primarily used in the digital telecommunication systems of North America and Japan, adapts a companding scheme that can expand small signals and compress large signals especially at the prese

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Yang, Lingxia, Shuxun Li, Zhihui Wang, Jianjun Hou, and Xuedong Zhang. "Research on Signal Feature Extraction of Natural Gas Pipeline Ball Valve Based on the NWTD-WP Algorithm." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104790.

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The measured signals of internal leakage detection of the large-diameter pipeline ball valve in natural gas pipeline systems usually contain background noise, which will affect the accuracy of internal leakage detection and sound localization of internal leakage points due to the interference of noise. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an NWTD-WP feature extraction algorithm by combining the wavelet packet (WP) algorithm and the improved two-parameter threshold quantization function. The results show that the WP algorithm has a good feature extraction effect on the valve leakage sign

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Ji, Wei, Xiaolan Qiu, Xuejiao Wen, and Lijia Huang. "An Improved BAQ Encoding and Decoding Method for Improving the Quantized SNR of SAR Raw Data." Sensors 18, no. 12 (2018): 4221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124221.

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When the original echo data of SAR are saturated for quantization, the performance of the commonly used block adaptive quantization (BAQ) algorithm will be degraded, which will degrade the imaging quality. This article proposes an improved Llody-Max codec method, which only needs to change the codec look-up table to get better quantization performance when the original echo is saturated. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the quantization power loss, improve the echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and reduce the influence of quantization saturation on the scattering

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Harrison, A. J. L., and D. P. Stoten. "Generalized Finite Difference Methods for Optimal Estimation of Derivatives in Real-Time Control Problems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 209, no. 2 (1995): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_368_02.

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The real-time estimation of (particularly first and second) derivatives of motion from position data has many applications in automatic control. Errors in such estimates at high sampling rates arise from noise or quantization of the data and from the presence of high-order derivatives of motion at low rates. This paper presents a generalized method to allow estimation of derivatives of orbitary order from position data, with minimum overall error, for a given signal-to-noise ratio and sampling-to-signal frequency ratio. Experimental results included in the paper show that the theory is borne o

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Jiang, Jun, Lianping Guo, Kuojun Yang, and Huiqing Pan. "Information Entropy- and Average-Based High-Resolution Digital Storage Oscilloscope." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/947052.

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Vertical resolution is an essential indicator of digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) and the key to improving resolution is to increase digitalizing bits and lower noise. Averaging is a typical method to improve signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the effective number of bits (ENOB). The existing averaging algorithm is apt to be restricted by the repetitiveness of signal and be influenced by gross error in quantization, and therefore its effect on restricting noise and improving resolution is limited. An information entropy-based data fusion and average-based decimation filtering algorithm, proceed

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XU, Z. T., X. L. ZHANG, J. Z. CHEN, et al. "VCO-BASED CONTINUOUS-TIME SIGMA DELTA ADC BASED ON A DUAL-VCO-QUANTIZER-LOOP STRUCTURE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 09 (2013): 1340013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613400136.

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This paper explores a continuous time (CT) sigma delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based on a dual-voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-quantizer-loop structure. A third-order filter is adopted to reduce quantization noise and VCO nonlinearity. Even-order harmonics of VCO are significantly reduced by the proposed dual-VCO-quantizer-loop structure. The prototype with 10 MHz bandwidth and 400 MHz clock rate is designed using a 0.18 μm RF CMOS process. Simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise distortion ratio (SNDR) are 76.9 and 76 dB, respectively, con

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Mahatma, Himanshu, Rajesh Mehra, and Gyan Prakash Pal. "Oversampling D/A Converter Design for Improved Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio." International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology 28, no. 4 (2015): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22312803/ijctt-v28p131.

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Chen, Na, Shao Pu Yang, and Cun Zhi Pan. "Application of the Dither Technology in a Fault Detection System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.71.

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In a fault detection system A/D conversion is a necessary step, in which quantization issues are unavoidable. Problems about quantization effects can be solved properly by using the dither technique. Firstly quantization problems of A/D conversion in a fault diagnosis system are discussed. Then the principle of dithering technique is introduced from the view of probability statistics. In further more, it is tested that fault signals whose amplitude is less than the quantization interval can be extracted, and that coherent harmonic interference in quantizing process can also be eliminated. Fina

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Majd, Nasser Erfani, Hassan Ghafoori Fard, and Abbas Mohammadi. "Coding Efficiency and Bandwidth Enhancement in Polar Delta-Sigma Modulator Transmitter Using Quantization Noise Reduction and Parallel Processing Techniques." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 05 (2017): 1750085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500852.

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This paper introduces an architecture to enhance coding efficiency (CE) and bandwidth of the delta-sigma modulator (DSM) transmitters. In this architecture a low-pass envelope DSM (LPEDSM) is used instead of the traditional Cartesian low-pass DSM (LPDSM) to reduce the quantization noise and to improve the coding efficiency. The simulation results show that for an uplink long-term evolution (LTE) signal with 1.92[Formula: see text]MHz bandwidth, 7.8[Formula: see text]dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 32, the CE for the polar LPEDSM transmitter is equal to

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Ijaz, Khalid, Muhammad Adnan, Waqas Tariq Toor, et al. "A New Noise Shaping Approach for Sigma-Delta Modulators Using Two-Stage Feed-Forward Delays and Hybrid MASH-EFM." Electronics 12, no. 3 (2023): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030740.

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Sigma-delta modulators use a noise-shaping technique to curtail the noise power in the band of interest during digital-to-analog conversion. Error feedback modulator employs an efficient noise transfer function for time varying inputs than any other sigma-delta modulators. However, the efficiency of the conventional noise transfer function degrades and the quantizer saturation issue provokes when the input signal reaches to full scale. This work proposes a new noise transfer function which is a combination of transfer functions of two-stage Feed-forward delays and a novel Hybrid multi-stage no

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Zhang, Wence, Jing Xia, and Xu Bao. "Massive MIMO Systems with Low-Resolution ADCs: Achievable Rates and Allocation of Quantization Bits." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (February 17, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4012841.

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In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the large number of high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) lead to high hardware cost and power consumption. In this work, the uplink achievable rates of massive MIMO systems with low-resolution ADCs are studied with consideration of both “Uniform-ADC” that uses ADCs with the same number of quantization bits and “Mixed-ADC” that allows the use of ADCs with different resolutions. By leveraging an additive quantization noise model (AQNM), the asymptotic achievable rates are obtained for maximum ratio combining (MRC), zero-for

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Goto, Yutaka. "Effects of Noise on the Interpolation Accuracy for Apodized FFT Spectra of Time-Domain Damped Signals." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 12 (1995): 1776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953966037.

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Interpolation formulas for the apodized magnitude-mode fast Fourier transformed (FFT) spectra determine accurately the frequency, damping constant, and amplitude of time-domain damped signals. However, additive noise causes a large amount of error in interpolation. In this paper, we obtain, theoretically, the frequency-domain signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio due to windowing by the function of sinα( X) and quantization with finite bit-length analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. Then, with the use of the squared ratios between three magnitudes nearest to the peak maximum on the apodized FFT spectrum,

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S., Saravanan, Aravind Britto K. R., Sandeep Kumar M., Prabhu J., and Sathishkumar V. E. "Dithering techniques and segmentation analysis on a mammogram breast cancer image." Applied and Computational Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/6/20230536.

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The objective of the publishing industry is to minimize the number of colors in an image for printing. Also, to retain the better quality from the picture, some useful techniques are needed with the aid of only a few colors. The contouring consequences occur when an image quantized bluntly regardless of the quantization, either uniform or non-uniform. To alleviate the issues of contouring, a slight amount of random noise is added (dithered) to the original image, followed by the quantization method. The methods such as dithering and half toning are extensively used strategies in acquiring text

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Yao, Zijian, Linlin Fang, Junxin Yang, and Lihua Zhong. "Nonlinear Quantization Method of SAR Images with SNR Enhancement and Segmentation Strategy Guidance." Remote Sensing 17, no. 3 (2025): 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030557.

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The quantization process of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images faces significant challenges due to their high dynamic range, resulting in notable quantization distortion. This not only degrades the visual quality of the quantized images but also severely impacts the accuracy of image interpretation. To mitigate the distortion caused by uniform quantization and enhance visual quality, this paper introduced a novel nonlinear quantization framework via signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement and segmentation strategy guidance. This framework introduces guiding information to improve quantizati

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Jhamb, Mansi, and Prerna Rani. "Pulse Coded Modulation: A Novel Implementation for Enhanced Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio." Journal of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Control 3, no. 2 (2014): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbic.2014.1076.

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Rojas, A. J., and F. Lotero. "Signal-to-Noise Ratio Limited Output Feedback Control Subject to Channel Input Quantization." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 60, no. 2 (2015): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2014.2327452.

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Peric, Zoran, Milan Tancic, Nikola Simic, and Vladimir Despotovic. "Simple Speech Transform Coding Scheme using Forward Adaptive Quantization for Discrete Input Signal." Information Technology And Control 48, no. 3 (2019): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.48.3.21685.

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We propose a speech coding scheme based on the simple transform coding and forward adaptive quantization for discrete input signal processing in this paper. The quasi-logarithmic quantizer is applied to discretization of continuous input signal, i.e. for preparing discrete input. The application of forward adaptation based on the input signal variance provides more efficient bandwidth usage, whereas utilization of transform coding provides sub-sequences with more predictable signal characteristics that ensure higher quality of signal reconstruction at the receiving end. In order to provide add

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Vondra, Marek, Gabriel Cséfalvay, and Petr Sedlak. "A FPGA-PC Based Acoustic Emission System with Logarithmic Preamplifier for Fracture Monitoring." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.541.

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Acoustic emission (AE) is one of the most used nondestructive technique since it offers a great potential due to its ability of quantitative evaluation such as source location and source characterization. A common set of recorded acoustic emission signals has an extraordinarily wide dynamic range. Thus, the input gain of the A/D converter plays a key role due in information loss considering limitation of high signal amplitudes and domination of quantization noise at low levels. The usage of a logarithmic preamplifier extends the dynamic range of conventional A/D converters, thus increases the

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Sabri, Atheer Alaa, and Nora Hussam Sultan. "QUANTIZATION MATRIX FOR MEDICAL IMAGE COMPRESSION USING FRAMELET TRANSFORM." Kufa Journal of Engineering 5, no. 2 (2014): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/521322.

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In this paper, two quantization matrices are proposed that is suitable to compress medical images using framelet transform. Also two algorithms are suggested to compress medical images. One of them is used for grayscale and color medical images while the second is used for grayscale medical images only. It is found that the first proposed quantization matrix is better than the second in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). While the second proposed quantization matrix is faster than the first. The work suggested in this paper is compared with wavelet and multiwavelet based algorithms an

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Zhang, X., X. Wang, Z. Han, C. Li, P. Lu, and J. Zheng. "STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CCD DETECTOR TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SPACE REMOTE SENSING CAMERA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2327-2018.

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The CCD detector is the core device of the space remote sensing camera. The performance of CCD detector greatly affects the performance of the whole remote sensing camera. The temperature of the CCD detector has a significant influence on its performance. In order to better study this influence relationship, the temperature impact verification of remote sensing camera detector was carried out. The test scheme of dark signal under high temperature environment and the test scheme of radiation calibration under different temperature conditions are developed. And the test verification was complete

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Sotnikov, Alexander, Valeriia Tiurina, Konstantin Petrov, et al. "Using the set of informative features of a binding object to construct a decision function by the system of technical vision when localizing mobile robots." Information and controlling system 3, no. 9 (129) (2024): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.303989.

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The object of this study is the process of constructing a decision function by the optical-electronic system of technical vision under the conditions of the influence of obstacles on the current image, which is formed in the process of localization of a mobile robot. The paper reports the results of solving the problem of constructing a decision function when reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the current image by using a set of informative features for the selection of the binding object, namely, brightness, contrast, and its area. The selection of the binding object is proposed to be carr

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Li, Yuan, Zili Xu, Xiangyang Liu, et al. "Exploring Digital Image Dithering Techniques on a Broken Foot Image." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 9 (2020): 2247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3134.

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The contouring effects appear when an image is quantized rudely irrespective of the uniform or non-uniform quantization. To mitigate the effects of contouring, a small amount of random noise is added (dithered) to the original image before quantization. Techniques such as dithering and half-toning are widely used strategies in obtaining images and texts in magazines, newspapers, books, printers, computer monitors, and LCDs. This study explores the dithering technique on a broken foot image with more elaborative methods and results. All the experiments involved in this study, such as quantizati

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Cokic, Lazar, Aleksandra Marjanovic, Sanja Vujnovic, and Zeljko Djurovic. "The robustness of the differential quantizer in the case of the variable signal to noise ratio." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 14, no. 1 (2017): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1701149c.

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In this paper a short theoretical overview of differential quantizer and its implementations is given. Afterward, the effect of the order of prediction in differential quantizer and the effect of the difference in order of predictor in the input and output of differential quantizer is analyzed. Then it was proceeded with the examination of the robustness of the differential quantizer in the case in which a noise signal is brought to the input of the differential quantizer, instead of the clean speech signal. The analysis was conducted with a uniform distribution, as well as the noise with the

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