Journal articles on the topic 'Signaux CARMA'

ABSTRACT CARMA1 (also known as CARD11) is a scaffold molecule and contains a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) and a membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like (MAGUK) domain. It plays an essential role in mediating CD3/CD28 costimulation-induced NF-κB activation. However, the molecular mechanism by which CARMA1 mediates costimulatory signals remains to be determined. Here, we show that CARMA1 is constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. This membrane association is essential for the function of CARMA1, since a mutant of CARMA1, CARMA1(L808P), that is defective in the membrane association cannot rescue CD3/CD28 costimulation-induced NF-κB activation in JPM50.6 CARMA1-deficient T cells. Although CD3/CD28 costimulation effectively induces the formation of the immunological synapse in CARMA1-deficient T cells, the recruitment of protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), Bcl10, and IκB kinase β (IKKβ) into lipid rafts of the immunological synapse is defective. Moreover, expression of wild-type CARMA1, but not CARMA1(L808P), restores the recruitment of PKC-θ, Bcl10, and IKKβ into lipid rafts in CARMA1-deficient T cells. Consistently, expression of a mutant CARMA1, CARMA1(ΔCD), that cannot associate with Bcl10 failed to restore CD3/CD28 costimulation-induced NF-κB activation in JPM50.6 cells, whereas expression of Bcl10-CARMA(ΔCD) fusion protein effectively restored this NF-κB activation. Together, these results indicate that CARMA1 mediates CD3/CD28 costimulation-induced NF-κB activation by recruiting downstream signaling components into the immunological synapse.

Antigen receptors activate pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Two important targets of antigen receptors, NF-κB and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), are activated downstream of CARMA1, a scaffolding protein that nucleates a complex including BCL10, MALT1, and other IκB kinase (IKK)-signalosome components. Somatic mutations that constitutively activate CARMA1 occur frequently in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mediate essential survival signals. Mechanisms that downregulate this pathway might thus yield important therapeutic targets. Stimulation of antigen receptors induces not only BCL10 activation but also its degradation downstream of CARMA1, thereby ultimately limiting signals to its downstream targets. Here, using lymphocyte cell models, we identify a kinase-independent requirement for TAK1 and its adaptor, TAB1, in antigen receptor-induced BCL10 degradation. We show that TAK1 acts as an adaptor for E3 ubiquitin ligases that target BCL10 for degradation. Functionally, TAK1 overexpression restrains CARMA1-dependent activation of NF-κB by reducing BCL10 levels. TAK1 also promotes counterselection of NF-κB-addicted DLBCL lines by a dual mechanism involving kinase-independent degradation of BCL10 and kinase-dependent activation of JNK. Thus, by directly promoting BCL10 degradation, TAK1 counterbalances NF-κB and JNK signals essential for the activation and survival of lymphocytes and CARMA1-addicted lymphoma types.

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional dado por la transición demográfica y epidemiológica, repercute en la dependencia de las actividades de la vida diaria de los adultos mayores, requiriendo de manera constante los cuidados de personas denominadas “cuidadores”, en quienes se genera una carga que afecta su salud física y mental. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa en la carga de cuidado para cuidadores familiares en tres grupos culturalmente diversos. Metodología: Investigación cuantitativa, de tipo analítico, a partir de los resultados de tres estudios cuasiexperimentales de grupos de cuidadores familiares de personas ancianas dependientes funcionalmente. Participaron 88 cuidadores de tres municipios: Bogotá, Cáqueza y Guapi, en un Programa educativo con acciones de cuidado adaptadas culturalmente. La información se recolectó con la Escala de carga de Zarit, antes y después de la implementación del programa, se realizó un análisis con prueba de rango signado de Wilcoxon en cada uno de los tres grupos. Se consideró aspectos éticos. Resultados: El programa educativo para cuidadoras familiares tuvo un efecto estadísticamente significativo en la carga de cuidado de los cuidadores de Cáqueza (valor p 0.014), posiblemente porque el programa responde a una de las necesidades prioritarias de estos cuidadores que es el cuidado de sí mismos, contrario al encontrado en Bogotá y Guapi. Lo que sugiere continuar estudios con programas a cuidadores con perspectiva cultural. Conclusión: El logro de resultados estadísticamente significativos en las cuidadoras de Cáqueza sugiere que ellas cuentan con una mejor red de apoyo familiar y vecinal, por eso asumen la asistencia al programa con mayor dedicación, integralidad y disposición de tiempo.

PROJETO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UMA BANCADA PARA ENSAIOS DE PERDA DE CARGA LOCALIZADA WAGNER WILSON ÁVILA BOMBARDELLI¹; ANTONIO PIRES DE CAMARGO²; ROGÉRIO LAVANHOLI³; ANA CLAUDIA SÁTIRO ARAUJO¹; MARCUS VINICIUS TALAMINI JUNIOR¹ E JOSÉ ANTÔNIO FRIZZONE4 1 Mestrando, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba - SP. E-mail: wavila@usp.br, satiroagro@gmail.com, talamini.1988@gmail.com²Especialista em Laboratório, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas - ESALQ/USP, e-mail: apc.pires@gmail.com ³ Doutorando, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas – ESALQ/USP, e-mail rogeriolavanholi@usp.br4 Prof. Dr. Titular, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas – ESALQ/USP, e-mail: frizzone@usp.br 1 RESUMO As perdas de carga localizadas são relevantes principalmente no dimensionamento de subunidades de sistemas de microirrigação. O uso de sistemas automatizados adequadamente projetados e validados para a execução de ensaios é conveniente, pois assegura maior estabilidade das condições de ensaio, otimização do tempo de operação, redução das falhas ou imperfeições humanas, consequentemente conduzindo a melhor qualidade dos resultados de ensaio. Deste modo, o presente trabalho propôs projetar, instalar e validar uma bancada automatizada para condução de ensaios de perda localizada de carga. Desenvolveu-se o circuito eletrônico microcontrolado que dispõe de funcionalidades para aquisição e condicionamento de sinais de sensores; controle de inversor de frequência e válvula proporcional; controle Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo (PID); e, comunicação Modbus RTU com outros dispositivos através de rede RS-485. O firmware implementado no microcontrolador foi desenvolvido na linguagem C, enquanto que a interface gráfica do usuário (GUI) foi desenvolvida em C#. A validação da bancada foi efetuada a partir de ensaios de estabilidade, que permitem afirmar o adequado funcionamento da bancada de ensaios. Palavras-chave: circuito eletrônico microcontrolado, hidráulica, microirrigação W. W. Á. BOMBARDELLI; A. P. CAMARGO; R. LAVANHOLI; A. C. S. ARAUJO; M. V. TALAMINI JUNIOR; J. A. FRIZZONEDESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A TEST BENCH FOR DETERMINING MINOR PRESSURE LOSSES 2 ABSTRACT The minor pressure losses are fundamental in the development of subunits for micro-irrigation systems. The use of well-designed and validated automated systems in order to perform tests is convenient because it ensures a greater stability of test conditions, and also improves the use of operating time, reducing the risk of faults or human error, consequently, thus having better quality in the test results. Thereby, this paper aims to develop, install and validate an automated bench to conduct minor pressure loss tests. The previously developed micro-controlled electronic circuit has features to input and store signals from sensors; Frequency inverter controller and proportional valve; Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (PID); and a Modbus RTU communication protocol to interact with other devices via RS-485 network. The firmware implemented in the microcontroller was developed using the C programming language, whereas the graphical user interface (GUI) was programmed in C #. The validation of the bench was carried out using stability tests, which approved the test bench performance. Keywords: micro-controlled electronic circuit, hydraulic, micro-irrigation

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that mediate resistance against viruses and tumors. They express multiple activating receptors that couple to immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)–containing signaling chains for downstream cell activation. Ligation of activating NK-cell receptors induces NK-cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release. How these distinct events are selectively controlled is not well defined. Here we report the identification of a specific signaling pathway that operates downstream of the ITAM-coupled NK-cell receptors NK1.1, Ly49D, Ly49H, and NKG2D. Using primary NK cells from Bcl10−/−, Malt1−/−, Carma1−/−, and Card9−/− mice, we demonstrate a key role for Bcl10 signalosomes in the activation of canonical NF-κB signaling as well as JNK and p38 MAPK upon NK-cell triggering. Bcl10 directly cooperates with Malt1 and depends on Carma1 (Card11) but not on Card9 for NK-cell activation. These Bcl10-dependent cascades selectively control cytokine and chemokine production but do not affect NK-cell differentiation or killing. Thus, we identify a molecular basis for the segregation of NK-cell receptor–induced signals for cytokine release and target cell killing and extend the previously recognized roles for CARD-protein/Bcl10/Malt1 complexes in ITAM receptor signaling in innate and adaptive immune cells.

The present study used the official Portuguese land use/land cover (LULC) maps (Carta de Uso e Ocupação do Solo, COS) from 1995, 2007, 2010, 2015, and 2018 to quantify, visualize, and predict the spatiotemporal LULC transitions in the Beja district, a rural region in the southeast of Portugal, which is experiencing marked landscape changes. Here, we computed the conventional transition matrices for in-depth statistical analysis of the LULC changes that have occurred from 1995 to 2018, providing supplementary statistics regarding the vulnerability of inter-class transitions by focusing on the dominant signals of change. We also investigated how the LULC is going to move in the future (2040) based on matrices of current states using the Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) model. The results revealed that, between 1995 and 2018, about 28% of the Beja district landscape changed. Particularly, croplands remain the predominant LULC class in more than half of the Beja district (in 2018 about 64%). However, the behavior of the inter-class transitions was significantly different between periods, and explicitly revealed that arable land, pastures, and forest were the most dynamic LULC classes. Few dominant (systematic) signals of change during the 1995–2018 period were observed, highlighting the transition of arable land to permanent crops (5%) and to pastures (2.9%), and the transition of pastures to forest (3.5%) and to arable land (2.7%). Simulation results showed that about 25% of the territory is predicted to experience major LULC changes from arable land (−3.81%), permanent crops (+2.93%), and forests (+2.60%) by 2040.

We present results from a 100 ks XMM-Newton observation of galaxy cluster XLSSC 122, the first massive cluster discovered through its X-ray emission at z ≈ 2. The data provide the first precise constraints on the bulk thermodynamic properties of such a distant cluster, as well as an X-ray spectroscopic confirmation of its redshift. We measure an average temperature of kT = 5.0 ± 0.7 keV; a metallicity with respect to solar of Z/Z⊙ = 0.33−0.17+0.19, consistent with lower-redshift clusters; and a redshift of z = 1.99+0.07-0.06 , consistent with the earlier photo-z estimate. The measured gas density profile leads to a mass estimate at r500 of M500 = (6.3 ± 1.5) × 1013 M⊙. From CARMA 30 GHz data, we measure the spherically integrated Compton parameter within r500 to be Y 500 = (3.6 ± 0.4) × 10−12. We compare the measured properties of XLSSC 122 to lower-redshift cluster samples, and find good agreement when assuming the simplest (self-similar) form for the evolution of cluster scaling relations. While a single cluster provides limited information, this result suggests that the evolution of the intracluster medium in the most massive, well-developed clusters is remarkably simple, even out to the highest redshifts where they have been found. At the same time, our data reaffirm the previously reported spatial offset between the centres of the X-ray and SZ signals for XLSSC 122, suggesting a disturbed configuration. Higher spatial resolution data could thus provide greater insights into the internal dynamics of this system.

Abstract Abstract 375 B cell receptor (BCR) signaling promotes survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) through its ability to stimulate NFkB pathway signaling. In lymphoid cells, antigen receptor stimulation of this pathway is achieved by engaging the Carma-1 – Bcl10 – MALT1 (CBM) complex for eventual activation of I-kB kinases (IKKs). In B cells, protein kinase C beta (PKCbeta) is an important mediator of CBM complex activation. However, in CLL cells we found that PKCs do not appear to have a role in BCR-mediated NFkB pathway signaling, despite high expression levels of PKCbeta, because the presence of specific inhibitors of this kinase (LY379196 and bisindolylmaleimide-I) has no effect on the induction of IKK phosphorylation during BCR crosslinking. Examination of CBM complex expression suggests an explanation for this phenomenon; the expression levels of Carma-1 and MALT-1 are largely similar in CLL and normal B cells, but the expression of Bcl10 is much reduced in CLL cells. These findings, taken together with the established role of Bcl10 in the pathway of BCR-induced NFkB activation, suggest that CLL cells may employ a different mechanism to activate this pathway during BCR stimulation. Tyrosine kinases are known to play a role in BCR-induced IKK activation in CLL cells because compounds like dasatinib and PP2 inhibit NFkB pathway activation by BCR. One possible tyrosine kinase is c-Abl because we have shown this protein to be overexpressed in CLL cells, where it plays a role in activation of the NFkB pathway. To investigate the role of c-Abl in BCR-induced IKK activation, we used the inhibitor imatinib and found that the presence of this compound partially inhibited IKK phosphorylation in BCR-stimulated CLL cells. However, imatinib can also inhibit Lck, a T cell-specific src-family tyrosine kinase that is expressed by CLL cells. To differentiate between Lck- and c-Abl-mediated BCR signals we used the specific inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[3,2d] pyrimidin-7-yl-cyclopentane (Lck-i). We found that the presence of this compound in CLL cell cultures undergoing BCR stimulation almost completely inhibited the induction of IKK activation. Investigation of Lck-i specificity revealed this compound did not inhibit either c-Abl or Lyn at the concentration used to inhibit Lck in CLL cell cultures. Further investigation of the effects of Lck-i showed that this compound was also effective in inhibiting BCR-induced activation of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Taken together, these data suggest a major role for Lck in BCR-mediated signaling in CLL cells, and question the existing paradigm on the importance of Lyn. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Este trabalho privilegia uma concepção de arte poética que capta os elementos naturais como sinais de extratos mais profundos. Ao revestir as imagens de uma carga simbólica, o poeta promove, segundo G. Bachelard, uma experiência nova com a linguagem e faz renascer um novo psiquismo, além de sobrepor mundos diversos e cruzar experiências passadas e futuras. A provocação ao desenvolvimento desse tema vem dos poemas “Poetas e insetos”, “Falcões” e “As formas prisioneiras”, de Dora Ferreira da Silva (1918-2006). Nessa poeta, a conversão de sinais em símbolos operada pelo texto poético encontra ressonância nas teorias de Jung e Durand, que compreendem o símbolo – resultado da cultura e das pressões subjetivas – como responsável pelo dinamismo do objeto artístico, cujo sentido é incessante. O encaminhamento desse estudo se faz por meio de análises dos poemas, conceitos sobre imagem e símbolo e de um percurso sobre a história do imaginário no ocidente.********************************************************************From the signals to the poetic images: poetry reading and criticism of the imaginaryAbstract: This work focuses on a conception of poetic art which captures the natural elements as deeper signals of extract. By covering the images with a symbolic load, the poet promotes, according to Bachelard, a new experience with language and revives a new psychism, besides overlapping diverse worlds and crossing past and future experiences. The provocation to the development of this theme comes from the poems “Poetas e insetos”, “Falcões” and “As formas prisioneiras”, by Dora Ferreira da Silva (1918-2006). In this poet, the conversion from signals into symbols operated by the poetic text finds resonance in the theories of Jung and Durand, who comprehend the symbol – the result from culture and subjective pressures – as responsible for the dynamism of the artistic object, whose meaning is incessant. The development of this study is made through the analyses of the poems, concepts of images and symbol and an overview of the history of the imaginary in the West. Keywords: Image; symbol; Dora Ferreira da Silva; Bachelard; Jung

<p class="Predeterminado">“El Perú es un mendigo sentado en un banco de oro” frase conocida y reiterada por muchos peruanos, alude a la cantidad de riquezas que nuestro territorio encierra y que no habríamos sabido aprovechar. Durante los últimos años la noción de riqueza se ha transformado en la idea de la exportación de metales. “Somos país minero”, “La inversión minera es el motor del desarrollo del país” son frases que se reitera por políticos y también algunos académicos, para intentar justificar la necesidad de dar carta libre a la inversión en la extracción y exportación de minerales e hidrocarburos, asociando esta inversión con el “desarrollo” del país. Qué tanto de verdad encierran estas frases?; cuál es la experiencia económica del país? ; cuál la verdad histórica respecto de la explotación y exportación de materias primas? Son algunas de las interrogantes que intentaremos responder en el siguiente documento. Sólo es posible aproximarnos a hipótesis que respondan estas dudas si organizamos un acercamiento a nuestra historia económica, la misma que ha estado signada por ¡¡ justamente la explotación y exportación de materias primas y minerales !! desde la llegada de los españoles con el oro y plata, pasando por el guano, salitre durante el siglo XIX, caucho entre otros.</p>

Self-driving car is one of the most amazing applications and most active research of artificial intelligence. It uses end-to-end deep learning models to take orientation and speed decisions, using mainly Convolutional Neural Networks for computer vision, plugged to a fully connected network to output control commands. In this paper, we introduce the Self-driving car domain and the CARLA simulation environment with a focus on the lane-keeping task, then we present the two main end-to-end models, used to solve this problematic, beginning by Deep imitation learning (IL) and specifically the Conditional Imitation Learning (COIL) algorithm, that learns through expert labeled demonstrations, trying to mimic their behaviors, and thereafter, describing Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and precisely DQN and DDPG (respectively Deep Q learning and deep deterministic policy gradient), that uses the concepts of learning by trial and error, while adopting the Markovian decision processes (MDP), to get the best policy for the driver agent. In the last chapter, we compare the two algorithms IL and DRL based on a new approach, with metrics used in deep learning (Loss during training phase) and Self-driving car (the episode's duration before a crash and Average distance from the road center during the testing phase). The results of the training and testing on CARLA simulator reveals that the IL algorithm performs better than DRL algorithm when the agents are already trained on a given circuit, but DRL agents show better adaptability when they are on new roads.

To clarify the role of the PGI2/PGI2 receptor (IP) system in rabbit cortical collecting duct (RCCD), we characterized the expression of IP receptors in the rabbit kidney. We show by Northern and Western blotting that IP mRNA and protein was detectable in all three regions of the kidney. To determine how PGI2 signals, we compared the effects of different PGI2 analogs [iloprost (ILP), carba-prostacyclin (c-PGI2), and cicaprost (CCP)] in the isolated perfused RCCD. PGI2 analogs did not increase water flow ( L p). Although PGI2 analogs did not reduce an established L p response to 8-chlorophenylthio-cAMP, they equipotently inhibited AVP-stimulated L p by 45%. The inhibitory effect of ILP and c-PGI2 on AVP-stimulated L p is partially reversed by the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine and abolished by pertussis toxin; no effect was obtained with CCP. In fura 2-loaded RCCD, CCP did not alter cytosolic Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i), but, in the presence of CCP, individual infusion of ILP and PGE2 increased [Ca2+]i, suggesting that CCP did not cause desensitization to either ILP or PGE2. We concluded that ILP and c-PGI2 activate PKC and the liberation of [Ca2+]i but not CCP. This suggested an important role for phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in mediating ILP and c-PGI2 effects but not CCP in RCCD.

Th17 cells are major players in multiple autoimmune diseases and are developmentally contingent on reciprocal functionality between the transcription factor Retineic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (RORγt) and Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Here we deciphered a previously unappreciated role of Steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) in defining the lineage decision for the development of Th17 versus induced T-regulatory (iTreg) cells. We demonstrate that SRC1 functions as a critical coactivator for RORγt in vivo to promote the functional dominance of RORγt over Foxp3 and thus establishing an unopposed Th17 differentiation program. In the absence of SRC1, T cell polarization resulted in decreased IL-17+ and increased Foxp3+ cells during both in vitro differentiation and in vivo development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mechanistically, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling molecule protein kinase C theta (PKC-θ)–mediated phosphorylation of SRC1 is important for inducing enhanced RORγt–SRC1 interaction, stable DNA binding, and resultant IL-17A transcription. Furthermore, phospho-SRC1–mediated recruitment of CARM1 induced prominent asymmetric dimethylation of H3R17 while preventing repressive H3K9 trimethylation and hence further modifying the IL-17 locus for optimal transcription. Moreover, binding of phospho-SRC1 to RORγt displaced bound Foxp3, leading to prompt degradation of the dissociated Foxp3 via a ubiquitin–proteosomal pathway and hence reversing the inhibitory action of Foxp3 on RORγt activity. Thus, SRC1 acts as a crucial molecular mediator to integrate positive PKC-θ–dependent TCR signals to induce peak RORγt activity and establish phenotypic dominance of Th17 over the iTreg pathway.

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1/CD54 plays an important role in T cell dependent B cell activation and for function of B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 expression is upregulated as a consequence of B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, thereby serving to render antigen-stimulated B cells more receptive to T cell-mediated costimulatory signals. We have investigated BCR-induced expression of the Icam-1 gene in primary B cells and B cell lines and have found it to be dependent on BCR-induced expression of the transcription factor EGR1. Icam-1 transcription, induced by BCR cross-linking or bypassing the BCR with phorbol ester, is absent in a B cell line in which the EGR1-encoding gene (egr-1) is methylated and not expressed. A potential EGR1-binding site was located at -701 bp upstream of the murine Icam-1 gene transcription start site and shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay to bind to murine EGR1. Mutation of this site in the context of 1.1 kb of the Icam-1 promoter significantly abrogated transcriptional induction by phorbol ester and anti-mu stimulation in primary B cells. A direct effect of EGR1 on the Icam-1 promoter is suggested by the ability of EGR1 expressed from an SV40-driven expression vector transactivate the wild-type Icam-1 promoter, whereas mutation of the EGR1 mutation of the EGR1 binding motif at -701 bp markedly compromises this induction. These data identify EGR1 as a signaling intermediate in BCR-stimulated B cell functional responses, specifically linking BCR signal transduction to induction of the Icam-1 gene. Furthermore, similar findings for BCR-induced CD44 gene induction (Maltzman, J.S., J.A. Carman, and J.G. Monroe. 1996. Role of EGR1 in regulation of stimulus-dependent CD44 transcription in B lymphocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. In press) suggest that EGR1 may be an important signaling molecule for regulating levels of migration and adhesion molecules during humoral immune responses.

Resumen: Introducción: La obesidad, un problema de salud mundial, está aumentando en muchos países en sintonía con el crecimiento del suministro de energía alimentaria, afectando no solo a adultos, sino, preocupantemente, cada vez más a adolescentes y niños. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha declarado que, globalmente, a día de hoy, la obesidad y el sobrepeso causan más morbimortalidad que la malnutrición. Ocasiona una gran carga económica a la sociedad a través de costes directos e indirectos. Según múltiples estudios, el entrenamiento en Mindfulness (Atención Plena) puede contribuir al mantenimiento de peso promoviendo la reducción del estrés, la conciencia sobre las señales de hambre y saciedad y las técnicas de control emocional. Aunque estas intervenciones se centran en poblaciones y síntomas clínicos dispares, la evidencia de eficacia para cada una de ellas sugiere que el entrenamiento en Mindfulness es un componente beneficioso clave de estas intervenciones, sobre todo, en la reducción del estrés. No obstante, se requiere una revisión sistemática sobre Mindfulness en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad para proporcionar evidencia disponible para estudios posteriores. Nuestro estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una evaluación actualizada y más crítica de la eficacia de las intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness para la reducción del estrés. Además, se realizará un análisis exhaustivo de la evidencia disponible de la eficacia del Mindfulness y la reducción del estrés en la disminución del peso a corto, medio y largo plazo, ya que, aunque existe mucho conocimiento científico entre la relación del Mindfulness y la reducción del estrés, no lo hay sobre ésta con el peso. Métodos y análisis: Se realizará una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios publicados en español e inglés, siguiendo el esquema de la Declaración PRISMA. Se revisarán las bases de datos: PubMed y PsycINFO. Se incluirán estudios a texto completo que utilicen Mindfulness como la intervención principal en adultos. La extracción de datos y la evaluación de la calidad metodológica será realizada por dos investigadores de forma independiente y el riesgo de sesgo del metaanálisis se evaluará con base en el Manual Cochrane para Revisiones Sistemáticas. Para evaluar la calidad de la evidencia se utilizará el Sistema GRADE. Los resultados primarios serán cambios en el nivel de estrés o de peso. El análisis de datos se realizará mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. El análisis primario adoptará el modelo de efectos fijos o aleatorios en función de la heterogeneidad entre los ensayos. El tamaño del efecto se expresará como la diferencia de medias estandarizada, con su IC del 95%. Ética y difusión: Dado que este estudio es una revisión sistemática, los hallazgos se basan en la evidencia publicada. No se considera necesaria la aprobación ética. Los resultados de este estudio se difundirán a través de publicaciones revisadas por pares y reuniones científicas. Palabras clave: Protocolo, Revisión sistemática, Mindfulness, Pérdida de peso, Estrés Abstract: Introduction: Obesity, a global health problem, is increasing in many countries in line with the growth of the dietary energy supply, affecting not only adults but, worryingly, increasingly adolescents and children. The World Health Organization has stated that, globally, obesity and overweight today cause more morbidity and mortality than malnutrition. It causes a great economic burden to society through direct and indirect costs. According to multiple studies, Mindfulness training can contribute to weight maintenance by promoting stress reduction, awareness of hunger and satiety signals, and emotional control techniques. Although these interventions focus on disparate populations and clinical symptoms, the efficacy evidence for each suggests that Mindfulness training is a key beneficial component of these interventions, especially in stress reduction. However, a systematic review on Mindfulness in overweight or obese patients is required to provide available evidence for further studies. Our study aims to provide an updated and more critical assessment of the efficacy of Mindfulness-based interventions for stress reduction. In addition, an exhaustive analysis will be carried out of the available evidence of the effectiveness of Mindfulness and stress reduction in weight loss in the short, medium and long term, since, although there is much scientific knowledge between the relationship of Mindfulness and weight reduction of stress, there is no stress on it with weight. Methods and analysis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published in Spanish and English will be carried out, following the scheme of the PRISMA Declaration. The databases will be reviewed: PubMed and PsycINFO. Full-text studies using Mindfulness as the main intervention in adults will be included. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment will be performed by two investigators independently and the risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be assessed based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. To assess the quality of the evidence, the GRADE System will be used. The primary outcomes will be changes in stress level or weight. The data analysis will be carried out using the SPSS version 21.0 statistical package. The primary analysis will adopt the fixed or random effects model depending on the heterogeneity between the trials. The effect size will be expressed as the standardized mean difference, with its 95% CI. Ethics and dissemination: Since this study is a systematic review, the findings are based on published evidence. Ethical approval is not considered necessary. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific meetings. Keywords: protocol, systematic review, Mindfulness, weight loss, stress

Abstract We introduce new analysis methods for studying the star cluster formation processes in Orion A, especially examining the scenario of a cloud–cloud collision. We utilize the CARMA–NRO Orion survey 13CO (1–0) data to compare molecular gas to the properties of young stellar objects from the SDSS III IN-SYNC survey. We show that the increase of $v_{\rm {}^{13}CO} - v_{\rm YSO}$ and Σ scatter of older YSOs can be signals of cloud–cloud collision. SOFIA-upGREAT 158 μm [C ii] archival data toward the northern part of Orion A are also compared to the 13CO data to test whether the position and velocity offsets between the emission from these two transitions resemble those predicted by a cloud–cloud collision model. We find that the northern part of Orion A, including regions ONC-OMC-1, OMC-2, OMC-3, and OMC-4, shows qualitative agreements with the cloud–cloud collision scenario, while in one of the southern regions, NGC 1999, there is no indication of such a process in causing the birth of new stars. On the other hand, another southern cluster, L 1641 N, shows slight tendencies of cloud–cloud collision. Overall, our results support the cloud–cloud collision process as being an important mechanism for star cluster formation in Orion A.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relación entre soberanía y el derecho a un ambiente sano con la guerra que libra Colombia contra el narcotráfico; guerra que involucra la intervención de los Estados Unidos y una de sus empresas más representativas, Monsanto, productora del glifosato (ahora Bayer). El caso en estudio parte de la vigencia, a partir de la Carta de 1991, de un nuevo orden nacional signado por el poder soberano del pueblo y su derecho a unas condiciones de vida dignas, dentro de las cuales se contempla la garantía a la salud y a un hábitat natural libre de contaminación. Para tal efecto se presentan resultados de estudios recientes demostrativos del daño que sufren, tanto los humanos como el ecosistema, y sus diversas manifestaciones, con base en el método cualitativo, se identificaron condiciones de alteración graves en zonas de aspersión aérea no sólo en Colombia, así, se concluye que la preservación de un ambiente sano reposa en manos de las comunidades afectadas y de la Corte Constitucional.