Academic literature on the topic 'Silage – Additives'
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Journal articles on the topic "Silage – Additives"
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Abegunde, T. O., S. O. Babalola, B. T. Adeoye, A. O. Usman, and O. M. Akinfemi. "Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats." Tropical Animal Science Journal 44, no. 2 (2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.173.
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A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.
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Tyrolová, Y., and A. Výborná. "The effects of wilting and biological and chemical additives on the fermentation process in field pea silage." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 10 (2011): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3235-cjas.
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The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of wilting and additives on the fermentation quality of field pea silage, and to determine the rumen degradability of organic matter of pea silage. The following additives were used: commercial bacterial inoculant (1 g/t) containing homofermentative lactic acid bacteria &ndash; Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121) and Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB 30122) and chemical additive containing formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate and benzoic acid (4 l/t). Compared to the control and chemical additive, the addition of the inoculant to wilted silage increased the lactic acid content (P &lt; 0.05) and lactic:acetic ratio (P &lt; 0.001). Both bacterial and chemical additives decreased (P &lt;&nbsp;0.001) the pH value of wilted silage. Differences between the control and chemically treated unwilted silage were also significant (P &lt; 0.01). The pH value of silage with chemical additive was lower compared to the control. Proteolysis determined in wilted silage was lower compared to unwilted silage. Rumen degradability of organic matter in wilted silage treated with the chemical additive was found to be higher (P &lt; 0.05) than in control and inoculant treated silages.
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Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues, Caio Seiti Takiya, Tiago Antonio Del Valle, et al. "Effect of Chemical and Microbial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Chemical Composition, and Microbial Populations of Whole-Plant Soybean Silage." Fermentation 10, no. 4 (2024): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10040204.
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This study evaluated the effects of two chemical additives or a microbial inoculant on chemical composition and DM losses in whole-plant soybean silage. One-hundred and twenty mini-silos were used in a completely randomized design experiment with the following treatments: water without chloride (control, CON); a microbial inoculant (INO); a chemical additive containing 35–45% formic acid (FA type); and another chemical additive containing 50–60% propionic acid (PA type). Data were analyzed using mixed models of SAS, and treatment differences were evaluated by the following orthogonal contrasts: C1 = CON vs. additives (INO + FA type + PA type); C2 = INO vs. chemical additives (FA type + PA type); and C3 = PA type vs. FA type. Silage pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were decreased, and concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid were increased with additives. Counts of lactic acid bacteria were higher in silages with INO than with chemical additives. DM recovery increased with FA type and PA type. Additives increased DM and CP concentrations. Silage A-fraction proportion was greater with additives. Additives, particularly FA type and PA type, improved chemical composition and fermentative profile and reduced undigestible proportions of protein in whole-plant soybean silage. Chemical additives were more effective in reducing silage DM losses than INO.
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Olafadehan, Olurotimi, Abubakar Gero, and Moshood Belewu. "Chemical composition and silage quality of urea, molasses, and urea and molasses ensiled soybean husk." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 40, no. 1 (2024): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2401051a.
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The study evaluated the effect of additives treatment on the chemical composition and silage quality of soybean husk in a 28-day experiment, using completely randomised design. Soybean husk was chopped into 1-3 cm length and ensiled in a laboratory silo. There were four treatments consisting of the control (no additive treatment; T1), urea treatment (T2), molasses treatment (T3) and urea and molasses treatment (T4). The colour of the silages was goldenrod, dark goldenrod, peru and burly wood for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Except for T2 which had a pungent smell, silage smell was generally pleasant. All the silages had firm texture. Silage temperature, ether extract and propionic acid were (P>0.05) not affected by treatments. Silage dry matter and ammonia-nitrogen were higher (P<0.05) in T2 than in other treatments. Silage organic matter, non-fibre carbohydrates, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and butyric acid were higher P<0.05) in the control relative to the additive treatments. Crude protein of the silages was lowest and highest (P<0.05) in T1 and T4 respectively. Silage pH was lower in T3 than in other treatments. Acetic and lactic acids of the silages were affected by additives treatment, and increased in the order: T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 (P<0.05). In conclusion, additives treatment enhanced the nutritive and fermentation qualities of soybean husk. However, urea and molasses treatment produced the best results.
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Franco, Marcia, and Marketta Rinne. "Dry Matter Content and Additives with Different Modes of Action Modify the Preservation Characteristics of Grass Silage." Fermentation 9, no. 7 (2023): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070640.
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Two experiments evaluated how grass silage quality can be manipulated by various management options. In Experiment 1, silage characteristics were evaluated at two dry matter (DM) contents and treated with additives presenting different modes of action. Timothy grass was ensiled at low (224 g/kg) and high (534 g/kg) DM contents and five additives were applied: 1. control (C), 2. homofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculant (HO), 3. heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculant (HE), 4. salt-based additive (SA) and 5. Formic- and propionic-acid-based additive (FPA). A higher DM content and FPA restricted silage fermentation, and additive effects were generally greater in low rather than high DM silages. The chemical additives SA and FPA resulted in the highest aerobic stability, while the HE improved it at a high DM content. In Experiment 2, the low DM content grass was ensiled utilizing resin acids, as follows: 1. C, 2. FPA, 3. Resin acid oil (FOR) at 13 L/t, 4. FOR at 26 L/t, 5. Resin acid soluble in water (ROS) at 13 L/t and 6. ROS at 26 L/t. Wilting combined with additives improved the preservation characteristics of grass silages (Experiment 1), but resin acid products failed to modify silage fermentation compared to the control (Experiment 2).
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Zanella, J. B., A. A. Rommel, A. Turmina, et al. "Fermentative profile of corn silages with the inclusion of chemical additives or bacterial inoculant." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 74, no. 6 (2022): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12760.
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ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of chemical additives or bacterial inoculant in corn silage. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments: silage without additive; silage added with urea (3.0%); silage with limestone (3.0%); silage added with crystal sugar (3.0%); and silage with a bacterial inoculant. Five of them were opened during the fermentation process (15 days) to measure pH, and three were opened 60 days after ensiling to evaluate the ammonia nitrogen and organic acids content. For the pH at the end of the fermentation process, higher values were found for the limestone additive, followed by the silage with urea, which had higher participation of lactic acid, 19.06 ppm for limestone and 18.95 ppm for urea. Higher concentrations of acetic acid were observed in inoculant silages (18.49ppm) or silage without additive (18.46ppm). The ammonia nitrogen content was higher in the silage with urea (23.74mg dL-1), followed by the silage without additive (7.54mg dL-1), which also had the highest concentration of butyric acid (4.19ppm). The use of additives reduced the concentration of butyric acid in the silage. The bacterial inoculant was the most efficient in decreasing the pH of the ensiled material.
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Santos, Ana Paula Maia dos, Edson Mauro Santos, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, et al. "Effect of Inoculation with Preactivated Lactobacillus Buchneri and Urea on Fermentative Profile, Aerobic Stability and Nutritive Value in Corn Silage." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080335.
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The current study aimed to evaluate the application effects of the preactivated Lactobacillus buchneri and urea on the fermentative characteristics, chemical composition and aerobic stability in corn silages. The design was completely randomized, in a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, with six types of additive and five opening times. The treatments consisted of corn silage; corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant; corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant +1.0% urea; corn silage with activated inoculant; corn silage with activated inoculant +1.0% urea, and corn silage with 1.0% urea. Populations of lactic acid bacteria stabilized at the 70th day, with average values of 8.91 and 9.15 log cfu/g for corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant +1.0% urea and corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant, respectively. In contrast, the silages without additives showed significantly lower values of 7.52 log cfu/g forage at the 70th day. The silages with urea (isolated or associated with the inoculant) increased the total nitrogen content. The maximum temperature values were highest in the corn silages without additives, indicating that these silages were more prone to deterioration. The use of Lactobacillus buchneri activated proved to be more efficient in improving the fermentative profile of corn silages than the freeze-dried inoculant. The use of urea as an additive reduced the losses and improved the nutritional value and aerobic stability of corn silages. Additionally, the combination of Lactobacillus buchneri activated and urea may be used as a technique to improve the fermentative profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of corn silages.
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Yen, Ying, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Ralf Rautenberger, Adriána Fečkaninová, and Margarita Novoa-Garrido. "Improving fermentation of Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta silages with additives for preserving biomass and antioxidants." Journal of Applied Phycology 34, no. 1 (2021): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02628-4.
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AbstractRapid deterioration of harvested macroalgal biomass is a challenge for macroalgal industry and can be overcome with the inexpensive ensiling preservation. To improve silage quality, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta biomass was subjected to ensiling conditions following a 2 × 4 factorial design, with 2 prewilting treatments (no-prewilting and prewilted to 300 g DM kg−1 fresh biomass) and 4 additive treatments (no additive, formic acid, single and two species of Lactobacillus inoculant), and ensiled for 3 or 12 months at 15 °C. Acetate was the main fermentation product in these seaweed silages. Prewilting reduced the acetate, mannitol, and NH3 content in silages. In S. latissima silages without additives, prewilting led to less acidification (pH = 5.7). Also, prewilting caused protein and phlorotannin degradation. When treated with formic acid, the silage pH was below 4 regardless of the biomass’s moisture content. The use of Lactobacillus spp. inoculants was essential for lactate production in seaweed silages, and it significantly lowered silage pH in S. latissima and prewilted A. esculenta compared to silages with no additives. A high level of the phlorotannin content was preserved (> 90%) in the 3-month A. esculenta silages without prewilting. However, major reduction of antioxidant activity was observed in 12-month silages in both seaweed species. In conclusion, ensiling is a viable method for preserving Alaria and Saccharina biomass. Prewilting restricted silage fermentation, and both formic acid and bacterial additives facilitated silage acidification. However, there was no clear benefit of these treatments in preserving the antioxidant activity.
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Kalúzová, Mária, Miroslava Kačániová, Daniel Bíro, et al. "The Change in Microbial Diversity and Mycotoxins Concentration in Corn Silage after Addition of Silage Additives." Diversity 14, no. 8 (2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080592.
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In our study the presence of bacteria, yeast, and microscopic fungi was evaluated. Three forms of corn silage were made including silage without additive, silage with microbial additive (lactic acid bacteria), and silage with nutritional additive (urea). Silage additives were applied to the matter within the recommended dosage, then the matter was ensiled into plastic bags and stored at a constant temperature. After 5.5 months of storage, average samples for microbial and mycotoxins analysis were taken. From microbiological points, the plate count agar method for enumeration of total count of bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterococci, yeasts, and microscopic fungi and mass spectrometry for microbiota identification were used. In total, 43 species of bacteria and yeasts and 6 genera of microscopic fungi were identified from all samples of corn silages. The most isolated species were Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Kazachstania exigua from bacteria resp. yeasts and Aspergillus and Penicillium from microscopic fungi. Mycotoxins were determined by HPLC-MS/MS and divided into two groups as regulated and emerging. In the corn silages only Fusarium mycotoxins were observed. All corn silages, regardless of the addition of the additive, were the highest in nivalenol content. Deoxynivalenol and beauvericin with the highest concentrations were present in silage with urea. Although the mycotoxins content of the variants changed, these changes were not statistically significant. In general, addition of lactic acid bacteria Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Lacticaseibacillus casei and urea as silage additives affect the microbial diversity; however, the hygienic quality of whole crop corn silage was not negatively changed.
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Kansagara, Yash G., Harish H. Savsani, Mitesh R. Chavda, et al. "Effects of Xylanase and Bacterial Inoculants on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern of Seasonal Pasture Hay and Green Maize Based Silage." Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology 19, no. 1 (2023): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.19.1.11.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase and bacterial inoculants on in vitro rumen fermentation pattern of seasonal pasture hay and green maize based silage. Different silages were prepared by using green maize fodder and seasonal pasture hay in the proportion of 10:0 & 7:3 ratio in plastic jars of 3 kg capacity by adding common salt @ 0.5%, urea @ 1% and molasses @ 1.5% in each silage with seven different treatments, viz., Control (only green maize), PH (green maize and seasonal pasture hay in 7:3 ratio), X (PH added with xylanase), LP (PH added with L. plantarum), LF (PH added with L. fermentum), LPLF (PH added with both bacterial inoculants) and XLPLF (PH added with xylanase and both bacterial inoculants). Xylanase, L. plantarum and L. fermentum were used @ 1500 IU/g, 1 x 106 cfu/g and 2 x 106 cfu/g, respectively. All silages were used for in vitro study after 45 days of ensiling. None of the additives affected rumen pH. IVDMD (in vitro dry matter degradability ) was found significantly (p<0.05) higher in X, XLPLF and LPLF silages. All additives significantly (p<0.01) increased IVOMD (in vitro organic matter degradability) except LF silage as compared to PH silage. Values for total gas production and TVFA (Total volatile fatty acids) production were significantly (p<0.001) increased during in vitro rumen fermentation and that of PF (partitioning factor) were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in all additives inoculated silages as compared to PH silage. Content of NH3-N (Ammonia nitrogen) was significantly (p<0.001) higher in LP silage and that of total N was significantly (p<0.001) higher in X, LP, XLPLF silages as compared to PH silage during in vitro study. It could be concluded that xylanase and lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculants improved rumen fermentation quality of silage. Among all additives, xylanase is the best silage additive to improve in vitro rumen fermentation pattern.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silage – Additives"
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Jacobs, Joseph Leonard. "Enzyme additives for grass silage." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329306.
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Basso, Fernanda Carvalho [UNESP]. "Corn silage inoculated with microbial additives." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104070.
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000736831.pdf: 864505 bytes, checksum: 2a3d156922ea1b50f9690c217989dbd0 (MD5)<br>Objetivou-se determinar a qualidade da silagem de milho inoculada com aditivos microbianos. Para tanto, foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro ano, em silos experimentais, foram testados quatro inoculantes que compuseram os seguintes tratamentos: forragem inoculada com Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Propionibacterium acidipropionici (PA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) e as combinações LBLP, BSLP e PALP, permanecendo uma silagem sem inoculante (Controle). Após 96 dias da ensilagem, a composição químico-bromatologica e a ocorrência de leveduras e fungos filamentosos foram avaliadas. A estabilidade aeróbia foi realizada durante 12 dias. Nos dias 4, 8 e 12 após a abertura, os valores de pH e a dinâmica de fungos foram determinados. No segundo e terceiro ano experimental avaliou-se a qualidade de silagens escolhidas a partir do primeiro ano. No segundo ano, as silagens estudadas foram: controle, LB e LBLP, confeccionadas em silos superfície. Na avaliação de desempenho, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e síntese de proteína microbiana, se utilizou 30 cordeiros mestiços. O estudo de fermentação ruminal foi realizado em seis cordeiros mestiços com cânula ruminal. No terceiro ano, avaliou-se a associação de silagem de milho inoculada a dois níveis de concentrado. Foram confeccionados dois silos trincheiras, sendo um a silagem controle e outro a LB. As dietas foram compostas das respectivas silagens associadas a 40 e 60% de concentrado, totalizando quatro tratamentos. As avaliações nos animais foram semelhantes às realizadas no segundo ano experimental. Os inoculantes afetaram positivamente as características fermentativas e reduziram a parede celular das silagens. A inoculação promoveu alteração na fermentação ruminal, maior fluxo de proteína microbiana e melhor desempenho dos cordeiros alimentados com dietas compostas pelas silagens inoculadas...<br>This study aimed to determine the quality of corn silage inoculated with microbial additives. Therefore, three experiments were carried out. In the first year, in experimental silos, four inoculants that comprised the following treatments were tested: forage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Propionibacterium acidipropionici (PA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and combinations LBLP, BSLP and PALP, remaining silage without inoculant (control). After 96 days of ensiling, the chemical composition and the occurrence of yeasts and molds were evaluated. Aerobic stability was performed by 12 days. On days 4, 8 and 12 after opening the pH values and dynamics of yeasts and molds were determined. In the second and third experimental year the quality of silage chosen from the first year were evaluated. In the second year, the silages studied were: control, LB and LBLP, made in stack silos. In the study of performance, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis, 30 crossbred lambs were used. The trial of rumen fermentation was performed with six crossbred lambs with ruminal cannula. In the third year, we evaluated the association of corn silage inoculated with two levels of concentrate. Two bunker silos were made (control silage and LB). The diets were composed of the respective silages combined with 40 and 60 % concentrate, a total of four treatments. Assessments in animals were similar to those obtained in the second experimental year. The inoculants positively affected fermentation characteristics and reduced cell wall of silages. The inoculation changed ruminal fermentation and, the flow of microbial protein and performance of lambs fed diets containing the inoculated silages were increased. The quality of corn silage was improved by inoculation with microbial additive
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Basso, Fernanda Carvalho. "Corn silage inoculated with microbial additives /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104070.
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Orientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis<br>Coorientador: Gustavo Rezende Siqueira<br>Banca: Clóves Cabreira Jobim<br>Banca: Carla Luiza da Silva Ávila<br>Banca: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira<br>Banca: Flávio Dutra de Resende<br>Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar a qualidade da silagem de milho inoculada com aditivos microbianos. Para tanto, foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro ano, em silos experimentais, foram testados quatro inoculantes que compuseram os seguintes tratamentos: forragem inoculada com Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Propionibacterium acidipropionici (PA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) e as combinações LBLP, BSLP e PALP, permanecendo uma silagem sem inoculante (Controle). Após 96 dias da ensilagem, a composição químico-bromatologica e a ocorrência de leveduras e fungos filamentosos foram avaliadas. A estabilidade aeróbia foi realizada durante 12 dias. Nos dias 4, 8 e 12 após a abertura, os valores de pH e a dinâmica de fungos foram determinados. No segundo e terceiro ano experimental avaliou-se a qualidade de silagens escolhidas a partir do primeiro ano. No segundo ano, as silagens estudadas foram: controle, LB e LBLP, confeccionadas em silos superfície. Na avaliação de desempenho, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e síntese de proteína microbiana, se utilizou 30 cordeiros mestiços. O estudo de fermentação ruminal foi realizado em seis cordeiros mestiços com cânula ruminal. No terceiro ano, avaliou-se a associação de silagem de milho inoculada a dois níveis de concentrado. Foram confeccionados dois silos trincheiras, sendo um a silagem controle e outro a LB. As dietas foram compostas das respectivas silagens associadas a 40 e 60% de concentrado, totalizando quatro tratamentos. As avaliações nos animais foram semelhantes às realizadas no segundo ano experimental. Os inoculantes afetaram positivamente as características fermentativas e reduziram a parede celular das silagens. A inoculação promoveu alteração na fermentação ruminal, maior fluxo de proteína microbiana e melhor desempenho dos cordeiros alimentados com dietas compostas pelas silagens inoculadas ...<br>Abstract: This study aimed to determine the quality of corn silage inoculated with microbial additives. Therefore, three experiments were carried out. In the first year, in experimental silos, four inoculants that comprised the following treatments were tested: forage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Propionibacterium acidipropionici (PA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and combinations LBLP, BSLP and PALP, remaining silage without inoculant (control). After 96 days of ensiling, the chemical composition and the occurrence of yeasts and molds were evaluated. Aerobic stability was performed by 12 days. On days 4, 8 and 12 after opening the pH values and dynamics of yeasts and molds were determined. In the second and third experimental year the quality of silage chosen from the first year were evaluated. In the second year, the silages studied were: control, LB and LBLP, made in stack silos. In the study of performance, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis, 30 crossbred lambs were used. The trial of rumen fermentation was performed with six crossbred lambs with ruminal cannula. In the third year, we evaluated the association of corn silage inoculated with two levels of concentrate. Two bunker silos were made (control silage and LB). The diets were composed of the respective silages combined with 40 and 60 % concentrate, a total of four treatments. Assessments in animals were similar to those obtained in the second experimental year. The inoculants positively affected fermentation characteristics and reduced cell wall of silages. The inoculation changed ruminal fermentation and, the flow of microbial protein and performance of lambs fed diets containing the inoculated silages were increased. The quality of corn silage was improved by inoculation with microbial additive<br>Doutor
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Harrison, Sarah. "The role of silage additives in improving the quality of maize silage." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299737.
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Knický, Martin. "Possibilities to improve silage conservation : effects of crop, ensiling technology and additives /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200562.pdf.
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Nsereko, Victor Leonard Joseph. "Peptidase inhibitors as additives for ensilage : effects on silage characteristics with reference to peptide nitrogen." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU079015.
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Novel approaches to manipulating proteolysis in ensiled perennial ryegrass (PRG) were investigated. The effects of the following on nitrogen (N) distribution in silage were investigated: E- 64, a specific cysteine-peptidase inhibitor (CPI); pepstatin A a specific aspartic-peptidase inhibitor; cystamine dihyrochloride (CYS) and N-ethylmaleimide, general CPIs, and formic acid (FA). Treatment with FA or CPIs reduced total soluble N, as a result of reduced proteolysis, and FA and CYS treatments increased peptide N concentrations (determined using fluroescamine or ninhydrin assays, and by amino acid analysis) compared to the control. Pepstatin A had little or no effect on the N constituents of silage. Characterisation of silage peptides using Sephadex G-25 suggested that they were predominantly di and tripeptides, with a small proportion of longer peptides (>7 amino acid residues). Forty additional compounds were screened for their efficacy as inhibitors of proteolysis in aqueous extracts of PRG. Five selected compounds were applied to PRG at ensilage: TPCK, a non specific CPI; chelators, 1,10-phenanthroline and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ); bestatin, a metallo-peptidase inhibitor; and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (ATEE), a serine-peptidase inhibitor. When compared to the control, TPCK and 1,10- phenanthroline reduced total soluble N and increased peptide N concentrations; 8-HQ increased only peptide N concentrations. These chelators also restricted fermentation. The effects of Trypticase (peptides produced by enzymic hydrolysis of casein), silage extracts and N fractions prepared from silage extracts by cation exchange chromatography, as sources of N, on the growth of rumen bacteria, <I>Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola</I> and <I>Selenomonas ruminantium, </I>supplied with glucose as an energy substrate <I>in vitro, </I>were investigated. No growth was observed on media containing extracts from silages produced in the presence of chelators but all bacteria grew on purified N fractions. Increasing silage peptide N therefore did not enhance microbial growth but for some treatments, silage N supported faster growth than Trypticase.
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Colombatto, Dario. "Use of enzymes to improve fibre utilisation in ruminants : a biochemical and in vitro rumen degradation assessment." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340076.
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Maldonado, José Guillermo Muñoz. "Associação de aditivos químicos e microbianos no controle da fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia em silagens de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-19022008-104110/.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de aditivos químicos e microbianos sobre as perdas de matéria seca, perfil fermentativo, valor nutritivo e estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. A variedade utilizada para confeccionar os silos laboratoriais foi RB-72454 com 12 meses de idade fisiológica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo seis tratamentos, com quatro repetições cada. Além da silagem de cana-de-açúcar controle, foram utilizados dois aditivos microbianos: Lactobacillus plantarum e o conjunto de bactérias L. plantarum + Streptococcus faecium + Pediocccus acidilactici (BAL). Esses dois aditivos microbianos também foram aplicados associados a duas doses de benzoato de sódio, 0,01 e 0,05% da massa verde (MV). Os aditivos microbianos foram aplicados à contagem de 5 x 104 ufc/g de forragem. As variáveis analisadas foram: perdas totais e gasosas, produção de efluente, recuperação de matéria seca, perfil fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia e valor nutritivo no momento da abertura dos silos e durante o ensaio de estabilidade aeróbia. As maiores perdas fermentativas e gasosas foram observadas para o tratamento da associação de L. plantarum com benzoato de sódio na dosagem de 0,05% da MV. No entanto, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para as variáveis do perfil fermentativo. Com relação ao valor nutritivo, as silagens que foram tratadas com associação de L. plantarum com benzoato de sódio na dosagem de 0,05% da MV, apresentaram no momento da abertura maior concentração de componentes fibrosos e menores coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca. A maioria dos tratamentos apresentou desempenho semelhante ao tratamento controle no valor nutritivo no momento da abertura dos silos. Com relação ao ensaio de estabilidade aeróbia na associação de L. plantarum com benzoato de sódio na dosagem de 0,05% da MV, foi observado o menor acúmulo de temperatura nos primeiros cinco dias após abertura (ADITE-5) e menor pico de temperatura da massa exposta ao ar. Da mesma forma, as silagens tratadas com esses aditivos mantiveram estável o valor de pH e apresentaram maior recuperação de matéria seca das silagens nos primeiros cinco dias pós-abertura. Todavia, não houve diferenças significativas entres os tratamentos para as outras variáveis analisadas na fase aeróbia. Com relação ao valor nutritivo das silagens no momento da abertura, associação de L. plantarum com benzoato de sódio na dosagem de 0,05% da MV apresentou menores valores da fração fibrosa e maior digestibilidade da matéria seca nos primeiros cinco dias da fase aeróbia. Para a avaliação químico-bromatológicas, não foram encontradas diferença nos teores de carboidratos solúveis e proteína bruta entre os tratamentos. De forma geral, a analise conjunta dos experimentos mostra que as silagens tratadas com associação de L. plantarum com benzoato de sódio na dosagem de 0,05% da MV, apresentaram melhor desempenho na fase aeróbia que na fase fermentativa.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and microbial additives on dry matter losses, fermentative profile, nutritive value and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The variety used to ensiling was RB-72454, harvested with 12 months of regrowth. It was analyzed as a completely randomized model, with six treatments and four replications for each treatment. Besides the control sugarcane silage, were tested two types of microbial additives: Lactobacillus plantarum and the association of L. plantarum and Streptococcus faecium and Pediocccus acidilactici (BAL). Moreover these two microbial additives were associated with two levels of sodium benzoate, 0.01 or 0.05% of fresh matter. The microbial additives were applied trying to reach 5 x 104 UFC/g of forage. The variables analyzed were: total dry matter losses, gases losses, effluent yield, dry matter recovery rate, fermentative profile, aerobic stability and nutritive value when the silos were opened and during the aerobic stability trial. The greatest fermentative and gaseous losses were observed in silages treated with L. plantarum associated with 0.05% of sodium benzoate. However, there is no difference among treatments regarding the fermentative profile. The silages added with L. plantarum associated to 0.05% of sodium benzoate showed highest cell wall content and lowest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Most of the treatments showed similar nutritive value as control silages. Regarding the aerobic stability assay, L. plantarum associated to 0.05% of sodium benzoate had highest accumulated temperature in the first five days (ADITE-5) and the lowest temperature pick. Similarly, these silages remained the pH stable and showed highest dry matter recovery rate in the first five days during aerobic trial. Although, there were no differences in the other variables in aerobic assay. In terms of nutritive value, the treatment of L. plantarum associated 0.05% of sodium benzoate, showed lowest fiber content and highest in vitro dry matter digestibility during the first five days of aerobic stability trial. There were no differences in the water soluble carbohydrates and crude protein content among treatments. In general, considering the whole trial, the treatment with L. platarum associated with 0.05% of sodium benzoate had better performance during the aerobic phase than the fermentative one.
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Levital, Tamir. "Effects of a propionic acid-based additive on short-term ensiling characteristics of corn and on dairy cows performance." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101601.
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Forage shortage may force producers to feed unfermented or partially fermented forages, which are more susceptible to aerobic deterioration. Propionic acid-based additives can be added to ensiled forages to inhibit yeast and mold growth, and improve the aerobic stability of silages. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a propionic acid-based silage additive (Solution Foin) on ensiling characteristics, aerobic stability and feeding value of short-term ensiled corn forage. Chopped whole corn was left untreated or treated with Solution Foin (contains 700 g kg-1 propionic acid and 300 g kg-1 NH4OH). The additive was added to forage prior ensiling at a rate of 5 L ton-1 (wet basis). Treated and untreated forages were placed in six plastic silo bags (three each). Silo bags were opened one day after ensiling and daily samples were collected for 30 consecutive days. Effects on animal performance of feeding treated or untreated forage were determined in a completely randomized design, using 30 lactating cows (178+/-55 days in milk) fed total mixed ration (50:50 forage: concentrate) with the major forage portion consisting of untreated or treated forage. The feeding study started one day post-ensiling. Results showed that Solution Foin reduced (P < 0.05) yeast and mold populations between d 5 and 14 post-ensiling. The highest differences (P < 0.002) were observed on d 10, at which point yeast and mold populations for untreated silage were 7.86 and 2.51 log cfu g-1, respectively. The corresponding values for treated silage were 4.35 and 0.00 log cfu g-1, respectively. Aerobic stability of treated ensiled forage was also improved (P < 0.01) from day 0 (by 159 h) to day 10 (by 33 h) post-ensiling. Solution Foin also increased (P < 0.05) the overall lactic acid and WSC content, and lowered the temperature of the treated ensiled forage in the field. No treatment differences were detected in the forage pH and acetic acid concentration. Dairy cows fed treated forage had similar feed intake (average 23 kg d-1) and milk yield (average 29 kg d-1) to cows fed the untreated forage. It was concluded that Solution Foin can be used to improve the aerobic stability and ensiled forage characteristics of short-term corn forage, likely by reducing yeast and mold populations.
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Scott, Lindsey Lauren. "Utilization of corn silage grown by conventional and sustainable methods fed with different nitrogen supplements." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040602/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Silage – Additives"
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Bolsen, Keith. Silage additives USA: A guide to products available in the United States. Chalcombe Publications, 1985.
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Andersen, Preben E. Halmiblanding ved ensilering af fugtige afgrøder: Ensilerings- og fodringsforsøg med ital. rajgræs (efterslæt) og bederoetop med og uden halmtilsætning ved ensileringen samt ensilerings- og fodringsforsøg med majs og solsikke = Addition of straw with ensiling of wet crops : ensiling and feeding experiments with Italian ryegrass and beet top ensiled with and without application of straw, and ensiling and feeding experiments with maize and sunflower. Statens Planteavlsudvalg og Statens Husdyrbrugsforsøg, 1987.
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Shiels, Patrick. Defining the conditions under which benefits accrue from the use of bacterial inoculants as silage additives. University College Dublin, 1998.
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Lättemäe, Paul. Ensiling and evaluation of forage crops: Effects of harvesting strategy and use of additives to fresh-cut and wilted crops. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1997.
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Suita, A. Effects of a lactobacillus fermentation product on digestibility of two silage-containing diets and performance by feedlot steers. Agriculture Research Center, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1985.
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COLLEGE, HARPER ADAMS, CENTRE FOR AGRI-FOOD MARKETING STUDIES., and CAMS, eds. The impact of regulating the UK silage additive market. Harper Adams Agricultural College, 1994.
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Smoker, Amy N. Screening of Sporolactobacillus and Bacillus strains for use in silage inoculation. 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Silage – Additives"
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Mishra, Deepesh Bharat, and Nitin Tyagi. "Silage Additives." In Feed Additives and Supplements for Ruminants. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0794-2_20.
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Kung, Limin, Martin R. Stokes, and C. J. Lin. "Silage Additives." In Agronomy Monographs. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr42.c7.
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Setälä, J., T. Moisio, and A. Rauramaa. "Use of Inoculants and Enzymes as Grass Silage Additives." In MILK the vital force. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3733-8_147.
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Purnomo, Nurul, Asmuddin Natsir, Ambo Ako, and Ismartoyo. "Nutritional Content and Fermentation Profile of Whole-Plant Corn Silage Cultivated in Rice Fields during the Dry Season from Various Varieties and Additives." In Advances in Biological Sciences Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-670-3_26.
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Harahap, R. P., Y. Rohayeti, D. Setiawan, et al. "Effect of chitosan as an alternative additive on preservation quality of silage: A meta-analysis." In Developing Modern Livestock Production in Tropical Countries. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003370048-8.
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Hartutik and Rey Nando Dewangga. "The Effect of Various Additive with Different Level on pH, Total Lactic Acid and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria Maize Stover (Zea Mays L.) Silage." In Advances in Biological Sciences Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-116-6_43.
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Yusupova, Ugiloy Yusufovna, Nurmurod Sheralievich Ramazonov, Vladimir Nikolaevich Syrov, and Shomansur Shosaidovich Sagdullaev. "Technologies for Producing Drugs and Biologically Active Additives Based on Ecdysteroids from Plants Rhaponticum Carthamoides, Silene Praemixta, and Ajuga Turkestanica." In Phytoecdysteroids. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6711-4_7.
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Mitrík, Tomáš. "Silage additives." In Ensilage. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086869114_0036.
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Mitrík, Tomáš. "Silage additives application." In Ensilage. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086869114_0010.
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D. Nkosi, Bhutikini, Cyprial N. Ncobela, Ronald S. Thomas, et al. "Microbial Inoculation to High Moisture Plant By-Product Silage: A Review." In Veterinary Medicine and Science. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98912.
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Use of microbial inoculants during silage making have drawn interest to silage producers including those who are feeding their livestock on silage produced from by-products (e.g. pulps). Many farmers in the developing countries rely on agro-industrial by-products to feed their livestock, which is limited by the high moisture content of the by-products. This review pertains to issues related to silage production from high moisture plant by-products (e.g. pulps or pomaces), challenges involved in the ensiling of these resources, the use of additives (e.g. microbial additives), and growth performance of the animals that are fed silage from these resources. This information will be helpful to better understand the key roles of silage production from these resources.
Conference papers on the topic "Silage – Additives"
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Shevrin, Jacob. "Novel Hydrolytically Stable Silane Additives for Improving the Performance of Waterborne Acrylic Roof Coatings." In Coatings+ 2021. SSPC, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2021-00028.
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Abstract As global environmental regulations continue to tighten restrictions on VOC-containing coatings, the need for hydrolytically stable additives in waterborne coatings has never been greater. Alkoxysilanes are a class of widely used additives in the coatings industry, as they act as adhesion promoters between organic coatings and inorganic substrates. Given the high moisture sensitivity of alkoxysilanes, most silane additives rapidly undergo condensation in waterborne coatings, leading to gelling of waterborne coatings within the first few weeks or months on the shelf. This has posed a significant barrier to using silane additives in waterborne coatings. In this new work, we demonstrate the improved properties of waterborne acrylic roof coatings with a novel epoxy-functional oligomeric silane additive that is stable over time. Several properties will be investigated, including stability, adhesion to roofing membranes, ponding water resistance, dirt pick-up resistance, tensile strength, flexibility, and UV weathering resistance. These new findings show significant progress in overcoming the biggest obstacle for the use of silanes in waterborne roof coatings. Coating manufacturers that previously could not use silane adhesion promoters in waterborne systems due to stability issues can now explore this technology with a significantly increased probability of success.
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STOŠKUS, Robertas, Jonas JATKAUSKAS, Vilma VROTNIAKIENĖ, and Vida JUOZAITIENĖ. "THE EFFECT OF HOMO - AND HETERO - FERMENTATIVE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA MIX ON THE ENSILED LUCERNE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS AND AEROBIC STABILITY IN BIG BALES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.029.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria mix on the ensiled lucerne fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in big bales. The lucerne was ensiled without additives (C) and treated with a mix of bacterial inoculant that contains Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri (50:50) (I). Silage was treated with bacterial inoculant, which significantly increased the total organic acids concentration by 69 %, lactic acid by 92% and acetic acid by 76 %. If the results were compared with the C silage, the inoculation significantly decreased the concentrations of butyric acid by 73 %, ethanol by 53 % and ammonia - N concentration by 33%. Inoculated silage had significantly lowered the yeast count by 59 % and moulds count by 34 %. Compared to the inoculated silage and during the aerobic exposure, the untreated silage maximum temperature was significantly higher (13.9 0C vs 4.6 0C) (P &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Therefore, the bacterial inoculant improved the quality of fermentation and aerobic stability in lucerne silages.
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Ding Cuihua, Zhang Yunwei, Zang Yanyun, Zhang Baoyi, and Yang Fuyu. "Effects of additives on fermentation quality of alfalfa silage." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965704.
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Bao, J., X. Chen, and Z. Xu. "The Effect of Different Moisture, Raining and Additives on Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0251.
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Lazarević, Đorđe, Vladeta Stevović, Jasmina Radović, et al. "UTICAJ INOKULACIJE NA KVALITET FERMENTACIJE I HEMIJSKI SASTAV SILAŽE LUCERKE." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.123l.
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In order to assess the impact of the inoculant "BioStabil Plus" on the ensiling process of alfalfa, the parameters of fermentation quality were analyzed (pH, acetic, butyric, lactic acid, ammonia and water-soluble nitrogen in total nitrogen) and chemical composition of silage (crude protein, crude cellulose, crude fats, nitrogen-free extractives and ash), as well as silage quality assessment (DLG and Zelter). Alfalfa biomass in the beginning of flowering phase was ensiled without additives and with the addition of inoculant. The addition of inoculant showed a decrease in pH, increased production of lactic acid, reduced production of acetic acid, with a favorable ratio of these acids (2-3: 1). The introduction of inoculants resulted in improved fermentation quality, which resulted in better preservation of nutrients, especially for crude proteins, since the use of inoculants also showed a decrease in ammonia nitrogen content compared to control (inoculation - 12.28% NH3-N/ΣN, control - 17.42% NH3-N/ΣN). The general conclusion is that inoculant should be added to alfalfa biomass, for the purpose of optimal production of lactic and acetic acid, as well as obtaining higher nutritional value.
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Petrović, Milun, Snežana Bogosavljević-Bošković, Vladan Bogdanović, et al. "SHEEP AND GOAT NUTRITION IN THE ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM." In 3rd International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/sbt30.29mp.
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The nutritional needs of sheep and goats are influenced by body weight, breed, physiological stage, production level, activity, the number of lambs and kids, and environmental factors. Their diet, like that of other ruminants, is based on fibrous feeds. Concentrate mixtures made from organically produced feeds and permitted additives are also used as a supplement to the fibrous portion of the diet. Compared to other ruminants, sheep and goats utilize pastures most efficiently. Grazing, high-quality legume forage, and grass-legume hay are the dominant feeds in their diet (during the winter period, part of the hay can be replaced with silage). Compared to other ruminants, goats are better at utilizing coarser feeds.
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Goh, C. S., S. C. Tan, S. L. Ngoh, and J. Wei. "The Influence of Nanofillers and Additives on the Adhesion Strength of Aluminum." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38547.
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In this study, adhesives with Al2O3 nanofillers or silane additives incorporated have been developed. Functionalization of the Al2O3 nanofillers has been carried out to improve the bonding of the fillers to both the adhesive and Al substrate. The silane coupling agents on the nanofillers can react with the Al2O3, Al substrate and adhesive through their functional end groups and form strong covalent and hydrogen bonds which can improve the lap shear strength of the adhesive substantially. An improvement in lap shear strength has also been achieved when glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is added directly into Epon 160 adhesive. There is also an obvious change in fracture mode from adhesive to cohesive due to the effect of silane addition which facilitates bond formation between the adhesive and Al substrate.
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Bardhan, Anirudh, Fahad Khan, Himanshu Kesarwani, Sushipra Vats, Shivanjali Sharma, and Shailesh Kumar. "Performance Evaluation of Novel Silane Coated Nanoparticles as an Additive for High-Performance Drilling Fluid Applications." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22878-ms.
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Abstract Improving water-based drilling fluid properties to mitigate instability issues at elevated temperatures is the need of the hour. In this study, industrially prepared silica nanoparticles (NPs) coated with AEAPTS ([3-(2-Aminoethylamino) propyl] trimethoxy silane) was used as an additive to enhance the rheology and control filtration of the water-based mud. Silica nanoparticles were coated separately in a two-step process, which involved the addition of a hydroxyl group first and then coating with AEAPTS. To check its applicability in water-based drilling fluids rheological and filtration tests were done with varying NP concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 w/v %. The rheology values of the mud samples were recorded both before and after the thermal aging of mud in the roller oven at 105°C for 16 hours. The filtration test was carried out according to API standards with 100 psi differential pressure for 30 minutes. The silane coating over the silica NPs was confirmed with the shifting in the peaks of the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra of the sample. Both the plastic viscosity (PV) and the apparent viscosity (AV) of the drilling fluid were found to be increasing with silane-coated silica nanoparticles’ inclusion when tested at 30°C and 60°C. The degradation in the rheology of the base mud without nanoparticles after thermal aging was found to be around 60 % which was reduced to around 20 % with the addition of the coated silica nanoparticle. Also, a remarkable reduction in the filtrate volume, when compared with base mud, was achieved with the addition of the silane coated NP in the mud. The results show that the novel AEAPT silane-coated silica NPs can be used as a rheology modifier and filtration control additive in water-based drilling fluid for high-temperature drilling applications.
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Hasan, Mohd Rosli Mohd, Meor Othman Hamzah, and Teh Sek Yee. "Performance characterizations of asphalt binders and mixtures incorporating silane additive ZycoTherm." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GLOBAL NETWORK FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND AWAM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (IGNITE-AICCE’17): Sustainable Technology And Practice For Infrastructure and Community Resilience. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5005731.
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Patel, Zarana, Jinal Patel, and Ashish Nagar. "Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Nano Hybrid Chemical Additive on Indian Crude oil." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24612-ms.
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Abstract Paraffin deposition is a major flow assurance issue causing pressure anomalies, artificial obstruction or halt output and in worst case can lead to shut down of the pipeline. Recently, research interest in Nano hybrid Chemical additive which offer a creative and efficient method for preventing paraffin deposition has grown as Nano hybrid materials can considerably reduce paraffin deposition and improve flowability of crude oil. Current studies deal with the synthesis and evaluation of Nanohybrid Chemical additive (NH-CA) to mitigate crude oil flow assurance problems. Nano silica (SiO2) was modified with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH570) to obtain modified Nano silica which was further used for polymerization with Styrene, Stearyl methacrylate and Icosyl acrylate for synthesis of novel Nanohybrid Chemical additive (NH-CA). The structure of NH-CA was assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The NH-CA was evaluated for Microscopic and Rheological Studies of Crude oil by Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Rheometer respectively. Cold finger test was performed to check Wax deposition potential of Crude oil and Paraffin Inhibition Efficiency of Chemical additive. The results showed that NH-CA demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the flowability of waxy crude oil compared to conventional pour point depressant (PPD). The pour point of crude oil could be lowered by as much as 15°C at 500 ppm by using NH-CA compared to conventional PPD which depresses the pour point up to 6°C only at higher concentration (1000 ppm). At 30°C, the viscosity of the waxy crude oil reduced up to 90% after doping crude oil with 500 ppm of NH-CA. Cold finger test results revealed that NH-CA can reduce the paraffin deposition up to 65%. The results of polarized microscopy showed that with the introduction of NH-CA in the crude oil, the formation of the wax crystals can be greatly reduced. The results provide directions for building the next generation of Chemical additives for flow assurance of waxy crude oil and understanding the flow behaviour by using nano hybrid materials. NH-CA is a new generation of chemicals providing better results in the laboratory and can be implemented successfully in the field for transportation of crude oil. Additionally, Nano particles can enhance the efficiency of chemical additives significantly due to which NH-CA has a promising role to play in the Petroleum industry for smooth pipeline transportation of waxy crude.
Reports on the topic "Silage – Additives"
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Adegbola Adesogan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shlomo Sela, Kwnag Jeong, and Diwakar Vyas. effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598162.bard.
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This research project was performed in context of the apparent probiotic effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) silage inoculants on the performance of ruminants (improved feed intake, faster live-weight gain, higher milk yields and improved feed efficiency). The overall objective was to find out how LAB affect ruminant performance. The project included several “chapters” as follows: 1. The effect of LAB silage inoculants on the survival of detrimental bacteria in rumen fluid, in vitro study (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). An in vitro model was developed to study the interaction between selected LAB and an E. coli strain tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in buffered RF. Results indicated that both LAB inoculants and E. coli survived in the RF for several days; both LAB inoculants and LAB-treated silages did not affect survival of E. coli in rumen fluid in vitro. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the performance of high-lactating cows (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). Treatments included control (no additive), Lacobacillusbuchneri40788 (LB), Lactobacillus plantarumMTD1 40027 (LP) and Pediococcuspentosaceus30168 (PP), each applied at 10⁶ cfu/g FM. The silages were included in the TMR of 32 high milking Holstein cows in a controlled feeding experiment. All baled silages were of good quality. The LB silage had the numerically highest acetic acid and were the most stable upon aerobic exposure. The cows fed the LB silages had the highest daily milk yields, percent milk fat and protein. The microbiome of baled wheat silages and changes during ensiling of wheat and corn (Sela et al., The Volcani Center). Bacterial community of the baled silages was dominated mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 with 300 other genera at very low abundance. Fungal community was composed mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Candida and Monascuswith 20 other genera at very low abundance. In addition, changes in the microbiome during ensiling of wheat and corn with and without addition of L. plantarumMTD1 was studied in mini-silos. Overall 236 bacterial genera were identified in the fresh corn but after 3 months Lactobacillus outnumbered all other species by acquiring 95% of relative abundance. The wheat silage samples are still under analysis. The effect of applying LAB inoculants at ensiling on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in alfalfa and corn silages(Adesogan et al., University of Florida). E. coli (10⁵ cfu/g) was applied to fresh alfalfa and corn at ensiling with or without L. plantarumor L. buchneri. The pathogen was added again after about 3 moths at the beginning of an aerobic exposure period. The inoculants resulted in faster decrease in pH as compared with the control (no additives) or E. coli alone and therefore, the pathogen was eliminated faster from these silages. After aerobic exposure the pathogen was not detected in the LAB treated silages, whereas it was still present in the E. coli alone samples. 5. The effect of feeding corn silage treated with or without L. buchnerion shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by dairy cows (Adesogan et al., UFL). BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 2 of 12 Five hundred cows from the dairy herd of the University of Florida were screened for E. coli shedding, out of which 14 low and 13 high shedders were selected. These cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) which was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 for 21 days. The TMR included corn silage treated with or without L. buchneri. The inoculated silages were more stable upon aerobic exposure than the control silages; the silage inoculant had no significant effect on any milk or cow blood parameters. However, the silage inoculant tended to reduce shedding of E. coli regardless of high or low shedders (p = 0.06). 6. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the rumen microbiome (Mizrahi et al., BGU). Rumen fluid was sampled throughout the feeding experiment in which inoculated wheat silages were included in the rations. Microbial DNA was subsequently purified from each sample and the 16S rRNA was sequenced, thus obtaining an overview of the microbiome and its dynamic changes for each experimental treatment. We observed an increase in OTU richness in the group which received the baled silage inoculated with Lactobacillus Plantarum(LP). In contrast the group fed Lactobacillus buchneri(LB) inoculated silage resulted in a significant decrease in richness. Lower OTU richness was recently associated in lactating cows with higher performance (Ben Shabatet al., 2016). No significant clustering could be observed between the different inoculation treatments and the control in non metric multi-dimentional scaling, suggesting that the effect of the treatments is not the result of an overall modulation of the microbiome composition but possibly the result of more discrete interactions. Significant phylum level changes in composition also indicates that no broad changes in taxa identity and composition occurred under any treatment A more discrete modulation could be observed in the fold change of several taxonomic groups (genus level analysis), unique to each treatment, before and after the treatment. Of particular interest is the LB treated group, in which several taxa significantly decreased in abundance. BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 3 of 12
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Ridgeway, R. G., S. S. Hegedus, and N. J. Podraza. ENHANCED GROWTH RATE AND SILANE UTILIZATION IN AMORPHOUS SILICON AND NANOCRYSTALLINE-SILICON SOLAR CELL DEPOSITION VIA GAS PHASE ADDITIVES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049689.
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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer, and Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.
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Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).