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Abegunde, T. O., S. O. Babalola, B. T. Adeoye, A. O. Usman, and O. M. Akinfemi. "Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats." Tropical Animal Science Journal 44, no. 2 (2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.173.
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A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.
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Tyrolová, Y., and A. Výborná. "The effects of wilting and biological and chemical additives on the fermentation process in field pea silage." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 10 (2011): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3235-cjas.
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The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of wilting and additives on the fermentation quality of field pea silage, and to determine the rumen degradability of organic matter of pea silage. The following additives were used: commercial bacterial inoculant (1 g/t) containing homofermentative lactic acid bacteria &ndash; Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121) and Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB 30122) and chemical additive containing formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate and benzoic acid (4 l/t). Compared to the control and chemical additive, the addition of the inoculant to wilted silage increased the lactic acid content (P &lt; 0.05) and lactic:acetic ratio (P &lt; 0.001). Both bacterial and chemical additives decreased (P &lt;&nbsp;0.001) the pH value of wilted silage. Differences between the control and chemically treated unwilted silage were also significant (P &lt; 0.01). The pH value of silage with chemical additive was lower compared to the control. Proteolysis determined in wilted silage was lower compared to unwilted silage. Rumen degradability of organic matter in wilted silage treated with the chemical additive was found to be higher (P &lt; 0.05) than in control and inoculant treated silages.
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Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues, Caio Seiti Takiya, Tiago Antonio Del Valle, et al. "Effect of Chemical and Microbial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Chemical Composition, and Microbial Populations of Whole-Plant Soybean Silage." Fermentation 10, no. 4 (2024): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10040204.
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This study evaluated the effects of two chemical additives or a microbial inoculant on chemical composition and DM losses in whole-plant soybean silage. One-hundred and twenty mini-silos were used in a completely randomized design experiment with the following treatments: water without chloride (control, CON); a microbial inoculant (INO); a chemical additive containing 35–45% formic acid (FA type); and another chemical additive containing 50–60% propionic acid (PA type). Data were analyzed using mixed models of SAS, and treatment differences were evaluated by the following orthogonal contrasts: C1 = CON vs. additives (INO + FA type + PA type); C2 = INO vs. chemical additives (FA type + PA type); and C3 = PA type vs. FA type. Silage pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were decreased, and concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid were increased with additives. Counts of lactic acid bacteria were higher in silages with INO than with chemical additives. DM recovery increased with FA type and PA type. Additives increased DM and CP concentrations. Silage A-fraction proportion was greater with additives. Additives, particularly FA type and PA type, improved chemical composition and fermentative profile and reduced undigestible proportions of protein in whole-plant soybean silage. Chemical additives were more effective in reducing silage DM losses than INO.
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Olafadehan, Olurotimi, Abubakar Gero, and Moshood Belewu. "Chemical composition and silage quality of urea, molasses, and urea and molasses ensiled soybean husk." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 40, no. 1 (2024): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2401051a.
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The study evaluated the effect of additives treatment on the chemical composition and silage quality of soybean husk in a 28-day experiment, using completely randomised design. Soybean husk was chopped into 1-3 cm length and ensiled in a laboratory silo. There were four treatments consisting of the control (no additive treatment; T1), urea treatment (T2), molasses treatment (T3) and urea and molasses treatment (T4). The colour of the silages was goldenrod, dark goldenrod, peru and burly wood for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Except for T2 which had a pungent smell, silage smell was generally pleasant. All the silages had firm texture. Silage temperature, ether extract and propionic acid were (P>0.05) not affected by treatments. Silage dry matter and ammonia-nitrogen were higher (P<0.05) in T2 than in other treatments. Silage organic matter, non-fibre carbohydrates, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and butyric acid were higher P<0.05) in the control relative to the additive treatments. Crude protein of the silages was lowest and highest (P<0.05) in T1 and T4 respectively. Silage pH was lower in T3 than in other treatments. Acetic and lactic acids of the silages were affected by additives treatment, and increased in the order: T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 (P<0.05). In conclusion, additives treatment enhanced the nutritive and fermentation qualities of soybean husk. However, urea and molasses treatment produced the best results.
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Franco, Marcia, and Marketta Rinne. "Dry Matter Content and Additives with Different Modes of Action Modify the Preservation Characteristics of Grass Silage." Fermentation 9, no. 7 (2023): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070640.
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Two experiments evaluated how grass silage quality can be manipulated by various management options. In Experiment 1, silage characteristics were evaluated at two dry matter (DM) contents and treated with additives presenting different modes of action. Timothy grass was ensiled at low (224 g/kg) and high (534 g/kg) DM contents and five additives were applied: 1. control (C), 2. homofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculant (HO), 3. heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculant (HE), 4. salt-based additive (SA) and 5. Formic- and propionic-acid-based additive (FPA). A higher DM content and FPA restricted silage fermentation, and additive effects were generally greater in low rather than high DM silages. The chemical additives SA and FPA resulted in the highest aerobic stability, while the HE improved it at a high DM content. In Experiment 2, the low DM content grass was ensiled utilizing resin acids, as follows: 1. C, 2. FPA, 3. Resin acid oil (FOR) at 13 L/t, 4. FOR at 26 L/t, 5. Resin acid soluble in water (ROS) at 13 L/t and 6. ROS at 26 L/t. Wilting combined with additives improved the preservation characteristics of grass silages (Experiment 1), but resin acid products failed to modify silage fermentation compared to the control (Experiment 2).
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Zanella, J. B., A. A. Rommel, A. Turmina, et al. "Fermentative profile of corn silages with the inclusion of chemical additives or bacterial inoculant." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 74, no. 6 (2022): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12760.
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ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of chemical additives or bacterial inoculant in corn silage. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments: silage without additive; silage added with urea (3.0%); silage with limestone (3.0%); silage added with crystal sugar (3.0%); and silage with a bacterial inoculant. Five of them were opened during the fermentation process (15 days) to measure pH, and three were opened 60 days after ensiling to evaluate the ammonia nitrogen and organic acids content. For the pH at the end of the fermentation process, higher values were found for the limestone additive, followed by the silage with urea, which had higher participation of lactic acid, 19.06 ppm for limestone and 18.95 ppm for urea. Higher concentrations of acetic acid were observed in inoculant silages (18.49ppm) or silage without additive (18.46ppm). The ammonia nitrogen content was higher in the silage with urea (23.74mg dL-1), followed by the silage without additive (7.54mg dL-1), which also had the highest concentration of butyric acid (4.19ppm). The use of additives reduced the concentration of butyric acid in the silage. The bacterial inoculant was the most efficient in decreasing the pH of the ensiled material.
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Santos, Ana Paula Maia dos, Edson Mauro Santos, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, et al. "Effect of Inoculation with Preactivated Lactobacillus Buchneri and Urea on Fermentative Profile, Aerobic Stability and Nutritive Value in Corn Silage." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080335.
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The current study aimed to evaluate the application effects of the preactivated Lactobacillus buchneri and urea on the fermentative characteristics, chemical composition and aerobic stability in corn silages. The design was completely randomized, in a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, with six types of additive and five opening times. The treatments consisted of corn silage; corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant; corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant +1.0% urea; corn silage with activated inoculant; corn silage with activated inoculant +1.0% urea, and corn silage with 1.0% urea. Populations of lactic acid bacteria stabilized at the 70th day, with average values of 8.91 and 9.15 log cfu/g for corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant +1.0% urea and corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant, respectively. In contrast, the silages without additives showed significantly lower values of 7.52 log cfu/g forage at the 70th day. The silages with urea (isolated or associated with the inoculant) increased the total nitrogen content. The maximum temperature values were highest in the corn silages without additives, indicating that these silages were more prone to deterioration. The use of Lactobacillus buchneri activated proved to be more efficient in improving the fermentative profile of corn silages than the freeze-dried inoculant. The use of urea as an additive reduced the losses and improved the nutritional value and aerobic stability of corn silages. Additionally, the combination of Lactobacillus buchneri activated and urea may be used as a technique to improve the fermentative profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of corn silages.
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Yen, Ying, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Ralf Rautenberger, Adriána Fečkaninová, and Margarita Novoa-Garrido. "Improving fermentation of Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta silages with additives for preserving biomass and antioxidants." Journal of Applied Phycology 34, no. 1 (2021): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02628-4.
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AbstractRapid deterioration of harvested macroalgal biomass is a challenge for macroalgal industry and can be overcome with the inexpensive ensiling preservation. To improve silage quality, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta biomass was subjected to ensiling conditions following a 2 × 4 factorial design, with 2 prewilting treatments (no-prewilting and prewilted to 300 g DM kg−1 fresh biomass) and 4 additive treatments (no additive, formic acid, single and two species of Lactobacillus inoculant), and ensiled for 3 or 12 months at 15 °C. Acetate was the main fermentation product in these seaweed silages. Prewilting reduced the acetate, mannitol, and NH3 content in silages. In S. latissima silages without additives, prewilting led to less acidification (pH = 5.7). Also, prewilting caused protein and phlorotannin degradation. When treated with formic acid, the silage pH was below 4 regardless of the biomass’s moisture content. The use of Lactobacillus spp. inoculants was essential for lactate production in seaweed silages, and it significantly lowered silage pH in S. latissima and prewilted A. esculenta compared to silages with no additives. A high level of the phlorotannin content was preserved (> 90%) in the 3-month A. esculenta silages without prewilting. However, major reduction of antioxidant activity was observed in 12-month silages in both seaweed species. In conclusion, ensiling is a viable method for preserving Alaria and Saccharina biomass. Prewilting restricted silage fermentation, and both formic acid and bacterial additives facilitated silage acidification. However, there was no clear benefit of these treatments in preserving the antioxidant activity.
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Kalúzová, Mária, Miroslava Kačániová, Daniel Bíro, et al. "The Change in Microbial Diversity and Mycotoxins Concentration in Corn Silage after Addition of Silage Additives." Diversity 14, no. 8 (2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080592.
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In our study the presence of bacteria, yeast, and microscopic fungi was evaluated. Three forms of corn silage were made including silage without additive, silage with microbial additive (lactic acid bacteria), and silage with nutritional additive (urea). Silage additives were applied to the matter within the recommended dosage, then the matter was ensiled into plastic bags and stored at a constant temperature. After 5.5 months of storage, average samples for microbial and mycotoxins analysis were taken. From microbiological points, the plate count agar method for enumeration of total count of bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterococci, yeasts, and microscopic fungi and mass spectrometry for microbiota identification were used. In total, 43 species of bacteria and yeasts and 6 genera of microscopic fungi were identified from all samples of corn silages. The most isolated species were Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Kazachstania exigua from bacteria resp. yeasts and Aspergillus and Penicillium from microscopic fungi. Mycotoxins were determined by HPLC-MS/MS and divided into two groups as regulated and emerging. In the corn silages only Fusarium mycotoxins were observed. All corn silages, regardless of the addition of the additive, were the highest in nivalenol content. Deoxynivalenol and beauvericin with the highest concentrations were present in silage with urea. Although the mycotoxins content of the variants changed, these changes were not statistically significant. In general, addition of lactic acid bacteria Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Lacticaseibacillus casei and urea as silage additives affect the microbial diversity; however, the hygienic quality of whole crop corn silage was not negatively changed.
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Kansagara, Yash G., Harish H. Savsani, Mitesh R. Chavda, et al. "Effects of Xylanase and Bacterial Inoculants on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern of Seasonal Pasture Hay and Green Maize Based Silage." Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology 19, no. 1 (2023): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.19.1.11.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase and bacterial inoculants on in vitro rumen fermentation pattern of seasonal pasture hay and green maize based silage. Different silages were prepared by using green maize fodder and seasonal pasture hay in the proportion of 10:0 & 7:3 ratio in plastic jars of 3 kg capacity by adding common salt @ 0.5%, urea @ 1% and molasses @ 1.5% in each silage with seven different treatments, viz., Control (only green maize), PH (green maize and seasonal pasture hay in 7:3 ratio), X (PH added with xylanase), LP (PH added with L. plantarum), LF (PH added with L. fermentum), LPLF (PH added with both bacterial inoculants) and XLPLF (PH added with xylanase and both bacterial inoculants). Xylanase, L. plantarum and L. fermentum were used @ 1500 IU/g, 1 x 106 cfu/g and 2 x 106 cfu/g, respectively. All silages were used for in vitro study after 45 days of ensiling. None of the additives affected rumen pH. IVDMD (in vitro dry matter degradability ) was found significantly (p<0.05) higher in X, XLPLF and LPLF silages. All additives significantly (p<0.01) increased IVOMD (in vitro organic matter degradability) except LF silage as compared to PH silage. Values for total gas production and TVFA (Total volatile fatty acids) production were significantly (p<0.001) increased during in vitro rumen fermentation and that of PF (partitioning factor) were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in all additives inoculated silages as compared to PH silage. Content of NH3-N (Ammonia nitrogen) was significantly (p<0.001) higher in LP silage and that of total N was significantly (p<0.001) higher in X, LP, XLPLF silages as compared to PH silage during in vitro study. It could be concluded that xylanase and lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculants improved rumen fermentation quality of silage. Among all additives, xylanase is the best silage additive to improve in vitro rumen fermentation pattern.
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Flores, G., M. R. Cropper, and A. G. Arraez. "The effect of silage additive and concentrate supplementation on lamb silage intake and performance." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022704.
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Silage has substituted hay as the major conserved herbage in Galicia due to the well-known nutritional benefits of the former. However, the heavy spring rainfall has caused widespread problems in silage conservation quality. Consequently, silage additives are used increasingly and the benefits of formic acid under difficult ensiling conditions have been recognised. Recently, biological fermentation enhancers have become available but there is little knowledge of their usefulness under local conditions. Moreover, since silage is not generally used in sheep production systems in Galicia, an experiment was designed with the twin objective of determining the effectiveness of two silage additives whilst testing the suitability of silage for the finishing of spring-born lambs during the dry summer.Using a double-chop silage harvester with additive applicator, three 15-tonne clamp silages were made from a predominantly ryegrass permanent pasture on 25 April 1991 during persistent rainfall (c.6.5 litres/m2/day) . Silage C (control) had no additive; silage F received 3.2 litres of 85% formic acid/tonne fresh herbage (FH); and silage B had l0g Sil-Add/t FH (Alltech Inc.). Sil-Add consists of lactic acid producing bacteria, an enzyme complex and an anticlostridial factor.
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Davies, Zoe S., Richard J. Gilbert, Roger J. Merry, Douglas B. Kell, Michael K. Theodorou, and Gareth W. Griffith. "Efficient Improvement of Silage Additives by Using Genetic Algorithms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (2000): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1435-1443.2000.
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ABSTRACT The enormous variety of substances which may be added to forage in order to manipulate and improve the ensilage process presents an empirical, combinatorial optimization problem of great complexity. To investigate the utility of genetic algorithms for designing effective silage additive combinations, a series of small-scale proof of principle silage experiments were performed with fresh ryegrass. Having established that significant biochemical changes occur over an ensilage period as short as 2 days, we performed a series of experiments in which we used 50 silage additive combinations (prepared by using eight bacterial and other additives, each of which was added at six different levels, including zero [i.e., no additive]). The decrease in pH, the increase in lactate concentration, and the free amino acid concentration were measured after 2 days and used to calculate a “fitness” value that indicated the quality of the silage (compared to a control silage made without additives). This analysis also included a “cost” element to account for different total additive levels. In the initial experiment additive levels were selected randomly, but subsequently a genetic algorithm program was used to suggest new additive combinations based on the fitness values determined in the preceding experiments. The result was very efficient selection for silages in which large decreases in pH and high levels of lactate occurred along with low levels of free amino acids. During the series of five experiments, each of which comprised 50 treatments, there was a steady increase in the amount of lactate that accumulated; the best treatment combination was that used in the last experiment, which produced 4.6 times more lactate than the untreated silage. The additive combinations that were found to yield the highest fitness values in the final (fifth) experiment were assessed to determine a range of biochemical and microbiological quality parameters during full-term silage fermentation. We found that these combinations compared favorably both with uninoculated silage and with a commercial silage additive. The evolutionary computing methods described here are a convenient and efficient approach for designing silage additives.
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Auerbach, Horst, and Elisabet Nadeau. "Effects of Additive Type on Fermentation and Aerobic Stability and Its Interaction with Air Exposure on Silage Nutritive Value." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091229.
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As farm profitability and sustainability of animal production are largely affected by overall losses of dry matter and nutritive value of silage from field to trough, the objective of the study was to assess the effects of different additive types on fermentation, aerobic stability (ASTA) and changes in in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) of grass and grass–clover silage exposed to air. Three trials were performed, where grass and grass–clover forages were treated with biological and chemical additives and ensiled in 1.6-L glass jars. Upon silo opening, fermentation characteristics, yeast counts and ASTA were determined as well as changes in IVOMD and ME during subsequent air exposure for up to 336 h. All silages were well preserved. The ASTA was improved by Lactobacillus buchneri-containing additives in all trials and by chemical additives in trial 3. In untreated silage, aeration reduced IVOMD and ME but variable effects of additives were observed. The nutritive value was maintained throughout aeration by all additives in trial 1, whereas in trial 3, only chemical additives were successful. A strong negative linear relationship across trials was detected between the extent of aerobic deterioration and changes in ME during air exposure (r = −0.756, p < 0.001). Silage additives improving aerobic stability have the potential to prevent the loss of nutritive value of grass and grass–clover silage during feed-out.
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Islam, Md Shariful, Md Ali Akbar, Md Jasimuddin Khan, Md Rezwanul Habib, Md Younus Ali, and Md Ahidul Islam. "Effect of adding different additives on silage quality and milk production of lactating crossbred cows." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v3i1.64750.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of urea-molasses and di-calcium phosphate additives on silage quality and milk yield of cows. Hence, three types of silages were prepared from Napier fodder namely-Napier silage, urea and molasses added Napier silage (UMN); and di-calcium phosphate added Napier (DCPN) silage. These types of silage fed to the selected nine lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows and divided into three groups considering three of each. Along with 5 kg of respective silages, ad-libitum rice straw and 3 kg concentrate mixture supplied to each group of cows. Physical attributes of all prepared silages were possessing characteristics of good quality silage. Dry matter content in UMN and DCPN silages were 1.67 and 1.01% higher than Napier silage. UMN silage had 1.59 and 2.33% lower ADF from Napier and DCPN silage, respectively. Again, 1.29% higher NH3-N presents in UMN silage than Napier silage. From 1st to 4th fortnight milk yield data it was found that 23.70, 23.19 and 27.06% milk production increased those cows received Napier, UMN and DCPN silage, respectively. Considering above these, it might be concluded that addition of di-calcium phosphate as additive during silage making would be beneficial for the dairy farmers.
 Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2018, 3 (1), 40-44
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Alba-Mejía, Jhonny E., Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez, Tomáš Středa, et al. "Mycotoxin production in different varieties of Dactylis glomerata L. silage in response to biological and chemical additives." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0309662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309662.
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Silage has been identified as a source of different microbial toxins, that may impair farm animal health and productivity as human health can also be compromised. In this sense, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of silage additives on the concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) mycotoxins and, eventually, to evaluate the hygienic quality of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage based on the concentration of them compared to control silage. This study evaluated the influence of biological and chemical additives used in six different varieties of orchardgrass silage on DON and ZEN mycotoxin contents for the first time. The content of both fusariotoxins (DON and ZEN) in fresh matter and grass silage were below the threshold stipulated by the European Commission. The concentration of DON ranges from ~21.86 to 37.26 ng/kg, ~10.21 to 15 ng/kg, ~20.72 to 29.14 ng/kg; and ZEN range from ~3.42 to 7.87 ng/kg, ~3.85 to 8.62 ng/kg and ~2.15 to 5.08 ng/kg, in control, biological and chemical silages, respectively. In general, the biological additive was more efficient for preventing DON contamination, whereas the chemical additive was more efficient for preventing ZEN contamination in grass silage. In summary, the results obtained in this work demonstrate that biological and chemical additives can inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production on Dactylis glomerata L. silage and whose use could prevent animal and human diseases.
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Bumbieris-Junior, Valter H., Egon H. Horst, Murilo D. Paranzini, et al. "Ensilajes de triticale de alta humedad con aditivos químicos y biológicos: valores nutrimentales y comportamiento de ingesta en ovinos." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 12, no. 2 (2021): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12i2.5623.
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Triticale high moisture grain triticale silage is an excellent option for ruminant diets, but loss control during its fermentation process should be further investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological additives on high moisture triticale silages under chemical-bromatological composition, aerobic stability, and in vivo digestibility and ingestive behavior in sheep. The treatments were: high moisture triticale silage without additive (HMTC); high moisture triticale silage with enzyme-bacterial inoculant (HMTEB); high moisture triticale silage with 0.5 % urea in natural matter (HMTU); and high moisture triticale silage with 1.5 % sodium benzoate in natural matter (HMTSB). Four sheep were housed in appropriate metabolic cages according to the ethical principles of animal experimentation. The addition of urea as additive to high moisture triticale silage provided an increase in crude protein and ammoniacal silage (189.7 and 106.2 g kg MS-1, respectively) but did not affect digestibility (699.6 g kg MS-1 for HMTU, with a general average of treatments of 687.5 g kg MS-1) and ingestive behavior of sheep. Fiber consumption by sheep increased with the addition of the enzyme-bacterial additive in the silage (431.87 versus 388.06 g d-1 of FDN for HMTEB and HMTC, respectively). All additives helped to preserve crude protein contents after silo opening, but none interfered in aerobic stability time of silage.
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BESHARATI, Maghsoud, Masomeh NIAZIFAR, Zabihollah NEMATI, and Valiollah PALANGI. "Comparison study of flaxseed, cinnamon and lemon seed essential oils additives on quality and fermentation characteristics of lucerne silage." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 115, no. 2 (2020): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1483.
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<p>This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of some essential oils on chemical properties and aerobic stability of lucerne silage. Treatments included lucerne silage without additives (control), lucerne silage with 60 mg cinnamon essential oil/kg, lucerne silage with 60 mg flaxseed essential oil/kg, lucerne silage with 60 mg lemon seed essential oil/kg, lucerne silage with 180 mg blend of essential oils (60 mg cinnamon + 60 mg flaxseed + 60 mg lemon seed essential oils/kg).<strong> </strong>Adding essential oils to lucerne silage reduced silage pH (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001) compared to control. The highest level of total volatile fatty acids (tVFA) was found when lemon seed essential oil and the lowest level when flaxseed essential oil was used. The lucerne silages treated with essential oils had the highest crude protein contents (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.01). Untreated lucerne silage had the highest level of gas production compared to lucerne silage treated with lemon seed and flaxseed essential oils (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.01). The essential oil additives increased the aerobic stability of the silage. It can be concluded that the use of essential oil additive in the preparation of high quality lucerne silage, can improves the quality and nutritive value of silages.</p>
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AYDIN, Sadık Serkan, Nihat DENEK, Nurcan KIRAR, Şermin TOP, and Gülçin BAYTUR. "Effects of Different Silage Additives on Silage Quality of Gramineae Forage Mixtures." MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (2022): 570–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6770077.
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There should be no tables, figures or bibliography. In this study, silage quality properties, in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMS), metabolic energy (ME) and in vitro methane gas values were investigated when different silage additives were added to barley, triticale and ryegrass forage crop mixtures at different mixing ratios grown as winter catch crop in Adıyaman province of Turkey. In the study, control group silages was not recieved any additives, while treatment groups silages prepared by addition of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, 0.2% molasses and 0.2% fructose. In the study, IVOMS, ME and in vitro CH4 values of silages were found to be similar (p>0.05). While the lowest pH value was determined in the control group among the silage groups, the highest value was obtained from the silage prepared with the addition of 0.2% fructose. It was observed that the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) value of the silages were increased with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria addition and decreased with addition of 0.2% molasses (p=0.000). The highest amount of CO2 was detected in the control group, while the lowest value was determined in the silage group to which homofermentative lactic acid bacteria were added (p=0.00). The highest value in terms of lactic acid content was determined in the control group, while the lowest was determined in the silage group with 0.2% fructose. When the acetic acid contents of the silages were examined, it was observed that all additives decreased the acetic acid contents of the silages compared to the control silage (P=0.001).
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Liu, Wei, Qiang Si, Lin Sun, et al. "Effects of Cellulase and Xylanase Addition on Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Bacteria Composition of Low Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Oat Silage." Fermentation 9, no. 7 (2023): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070638.
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Most oat forage has low water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), which may be the main limited factor for silage fermentation safely, but oat is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose; therefore, we assume that xylanase and cellulase as additives can reduce the content of cellulose and xylan in oat silage, increase the microbial fermentable sugar content, and improve the fermentation quality of the silage. After wilting, oats were treated as follows: (i) distributed water (CK); (ii) silages inoculated with xylanase (X); (iii) silages inoculated with cellulase (C), ensiling for 3 days (early stage of silage) and 60 days (late stage of silage), respectively, after ensiling 60 days for a 5-day aerobic exposure study. The pH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly reduced by xylanase and cellulase treatment during the late stage of silage, and the concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen increased remarkably. The WSC content reached its peak with xylanase treatment during the late stage of silage. The content of crude protein (CP) was not affected by additives but by the silage period; CP and ether extract (EE) significantly increased during the late stage of silage compared to the early stage. After ensiling, the bacterial community showed that xylanase and cellulase treatment increased the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus has a higher relative abundance with cellulase treatment after 60 days of ensiling; this can effectively reduce the pH of silage and ensure long-term, stable storage of silage. Cellulase and xylanase increased bacterial diversity during aerobic exposure and improved the aerobic stability of silage significantly. This study indicated that different additives and silage periods had significant effects on chemical compositions, fermentation quality, and bacterial community; meanwhile, both additives improved the aerobic stability of silage. In summary, when the WSC of oat is low, cellulase and xylanase have good effects as silage additives, and the comprehensive effect of cellulase is more prominent.
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Mlejnkova, Veronika, Pavel Horky, Marketa Kominkova, et al. "Biogenic amines and hygienic quality of lucerne silage." Open Life Sciences 11, no. 1 (2016): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2016-0037.
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AbstractThis experiment examined the influence of two different silage additives of biological (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, enzyme xylanase) and chemical (43% formic acid, 30% ammonium formate, 10% propionic acid, 2% benzoic acid) types on biogenic amines concentration, nutrient content, fermentation process, and microbiologic indicators in lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage after 90 days of fermentation. The biological additive significantly (P < 0.05) increased putrescine (+51%), lactic acid (+11%) and protein content (+11%) in comparison with control silage. It significantly decreased cadaverine (−29%), histamine (−57%), spermidine (−15%), spermine (−55%), acetic acid (−40%), ethanol (−55%), ammonium (−25%) and ash (−9%). After the chemical-additive treatment, greater amounts of histamine and tyramine were recorded. Significant decrease was observed in the concentrations of putrescine (−18%), cadaverine (−55%), spermidine (−47%), spermine (−45%), lactic acid (−16%), acetic acid (−46%), ammonium (−59%), ash (−13%) and fat (−24%). Populations of bacteria associated with lactic acid fermentation, moulds, yeasts, enterobacteria and total microorganisms count were also influenced. Both biological and chemical additives can be highly recommended for producing high-quality silages meeting hygienic requirements. In lucerne silage, the chemical preservative showed a stronger effect in achieving the health safety of silage compared to the biological inoculant.
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Mpanza, Thamsanqa Doctor Empire, and Sinalo Mani. "Effects of Vachellia mearnsii Tannin Extract as an Additive on Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Microbial Modulation of Maize Silage." Microorganisms 11, no. 11 (2023): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112767.
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Maize silage is produced to alleviate the effects of forage shortages on ruminant animals, particularly during the dry season. Microorganisms play a significant role in silage fermentation and thus, to a large extent, determine the silage quality. The modulation of silage microorganisms may help to inhibit undesirable bacteria and improve the silage quality. Therefore, condensed tannin extract from Vachellia mearnsii bark was used as an additive in maize silage during ensiling. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of a tannin extract (condensed tannin) additive on the fermentative quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial composition of maize silage. A mini-silo experiment on maize with five treatments was conducted for 75 days. The silage treatments were as follows: (T1) maize forage with no inoculation (negative control); (T2) maize forage inoculated with LAB and 1% tannin extract; (T3) maize forage inoculated with LAB only (positive control); (T4) and maize forage inoculated with LAB and 2% tannin extract; (T5) maize forage inoculated with LAB and 3% tannin extract. The results showed that the additives modulated the silage microorganism composition. However, this was without affecting the silage’s fermentative quality and aerobic stability. All the silages recorded a pH below 4.2, which indicated well-fermented silage. The tannin extract suppressed the growth of undesirable bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas, Gluconacetobacter and Clostridium genera, while promoting desirable bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Weissella genera, which were attributed to the silage quality. It is thus concluded that tannins can be strategically used as silage additives to modulate the microbial composition of silage and improve the silage quality by promoting the dominance of the desirable bacteria in the silage.
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Franco, Marcia, Ilma Tapio, Juho Pirttiniemi, et al. "Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Ecology of Grass Silage Modulated by Additive Treatments, Extent of Compaction and Soil Contamination." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040156.
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New technologies related to the identification of bacterial communities in fresh forage and silage may give valuable detailed information on the best practices to produce animal feeds. The objective was to evaluate how management conditions during silage making manipulate the profile of bacterial communities and fermentation quality of grass silages. Silages were prepared from mixed timothy and meadow fescue grass using two compaction levels. As an additional treatment the grass was contaminated with soil and feces prior to tight compaction. Four additive treatments with different modes of action were applied: control without additive, formic acid-based additive, homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and salt-based additive. After 93 days the silos were opened, samples were taken and routinely analyzed. DNA extraction was carried out and PCR amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V4 region was performed using universal primers. The silage pH was higher for loose than tight compaction and higher for non-contaminated than for contaminated silages. Great shift was observed in bacterial profiles from fresh material towards silage. Lactobacillus genus was barely found on the relative abundance of fresh grass but became predominant in the final silage along with Sphingomonas genus. Use of additives improved fermentation quality and modified the bacterial profiles of grass ensiled under different management conditions.
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Henderson, Nancy. "Silage additives." Animal Feed Science and Technology 45, no. 1 (1993): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90070-z.
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Olfaz, Mustafa, Unal Kilic, and Oguzhan Yavrucu. "Determining Potential Feed Value and Silage Quality of Guar Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Silages." Open Life Sciences 14, no. 1 (2019): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2019-0038.
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AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the effects of some additives on the potential nutritional value and silage quality of guar bean (Cluster bean = Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) silages. It was hypothesized that the use of cereal grains, molasses and ecomass will reduce silage fermentation pH by increasing lactic acid production and positively improve CP content and silage quality. Four different silage groups were established; (control, grain (5%), molasses (10%) and ecomass+molasses (10%+5%)). Fresh guar beans were thoroughly mixed with the additives to homogenize, then ensiled and opened after 60 days. The results of this study revealed that guar bean silages could be used as an alternative forage in ruminant feeding because of its higher protein content (13.88%), forage feed value and silage quality. The use of molasses (GSM) and molasses + ecomass (GSEM) as additives has significantly (P ≤0.01) increased the silage quality and feed value compared to the control group. It was observed that GSM and GSEM silage groups had the highest values in terms of lactic acid content. In conclusion, guar silage can be used as an alternative feed for ruminants, but the doses of barley and molasses should be correct and tested in in vivo studies.
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Weddell, J. R., and D. S. Yackiminie. "The effects of ecosyl, scotsil and add-f treated grass silages on the intake and performance of friesiah steers." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600035522.
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The use of an effective silage additive to help achieve a good preservation is recommended in poor silage-making conditions. At present over 70 additives are available, varying widely in content, application rate, cost and effectiveness. This trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of three silage additives in improving silage fermentation quality, enhancing animal production and reducing dry matter (DM) losses in silo. Additives studied were the bacterial inoculant Ecosyl, the sulphuric acid based Scotsil and the formic acid product Add-F.
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Garcez Neto, Américo Fróes, Janielen da Silva, Tiago Machado dos Santos, Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes, and Eduardo Michelon Nascimento. "Chemical, physical and biological changes of white oat ensiled with different additives." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 19, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402018000100001.
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SUMMARY This study evaluated the addition of inoculants on the aerobic stability, nutritional value, and fermentation and microbiological profiles of white oat silages (Avena sativa L.). The trial was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of three ensiling approaches: oat (O); oat with homofermentative bacterial inoculant (OB); and oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant (OBE). The aerobic stability was 9 days for silage O and 14 days for silages OB and OBE. The non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) decreased (16.67 to 14.05% DM) and the crude protein (CP) did not change (mean of 8.98% DM) during the aerobic exposure in all silages. The buffering capacity (BC) decreased, while pH and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) increased during the aerobic exposure in all silages. Independent from the aerobic exposure period, BC of OBE silage was higher than O silage (29.67 vs. 24.80 meq/100 g DM). Lactic acid bacteria count in OB silage (7.83 log CFU/g) was higher than in O and OBE silages (5.24 log CFU/g, on average). Also, the OB silage showed high enterobacteria count compared to OBE silage (2.49 vs. 0.76 log CFU/g). The inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase enzyme at the dose of 1×105 CFU/g does not improve the aerobic stability, nutritional value and the fermentation and microbiological profiles of oat silages.
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Bumbieris Junior, Valter Harry, Vinícius André De Pietro Guimarães, Ana Paula De Souza Fortaleza, Fernando Luiz Massaro Junior, Gabriella Jorgette de Moraes, and Diego Armando Rojas Meza. "Aerobic stability in corn silage (Zea maysL.) ensiled with different microbial additives." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 39, no. 4 (2017): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i4.34426.
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This study aimed to assess different microbial additives, regarding the efficiency of aerobic stability in corn silages. The corn hybrid used for silages production was the DKB 310. The treatments consisted of: 1) control treatment without any microbial additive; 2) Treatment with LPPA composed of: Lactobacillus plantarum CCT 0580 3.1 x 1010 CFU g-1 and Propionibacterium acidipropionici CCT 4843 3.1 x 1010 CFU g-1; 3) Treatment with Inoculum, composed of Bacillus subtilis CCT 0089 3.0 x 109 CFU g-1, Lactobacillus plantarum CCT 0580 1.2 x 1010 CFU g-1 and Propionibacterium acidipropionici CCT 4843 1.5 x 1010 CFU g-1 and 4) Treatment LB, composed only of Lactobacillus buchneri CCT 3746 2.6 x 1010 CFU g-1. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates for each treatment. For the parameters evaluated daily, we used the split plot design, in which the different silages were assigned to the plots and the time of exposure to air was assigned to the subplots. There was no difference of additives on silage pH in any of the evaluation days. The control silage reached higher temperatures indicating greater vulnerability. All additives had no aerobic instability. Silages made with the use of microbial additives were effective in maintaining the aerobic stability.
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AYDIN, Sadık Serkan. "The Effect of Various Additives Addition to Barley-Vetch Mixtures on Silage Quality Characteristics and In vitro Digestibility." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 4 (2022): 743–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7316952.
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In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of adding different levels of molasses and fructose syrup to barley-vetch mixtures, one of the roughage sources produced as a second product in cotton fields in Şanlıurfa province, on some silage quality characteristics and ruminal methane gas formation by <em>in vitro</em> gas production technique. In the study, the additive-free silage group constituted the control group, while the silages, prepared by adding different levels of fructose syrup (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%) and molasses (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) to the control group, formed the treatment groups. In the study, while <em>in vitro</em> organic matter digestion (IVOMD) and metabolic energy (ME) values of silages increased in all experimental groups compared to the control group, CH<sub>4 </sub>gas production decreased. The lowest pH value among the silage groups was obtained from the silage prepared with the addition of 1.5% and 2% molasses. It was observed that the ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N/TN) value of the silages decreased in the silage prepared by adding 1.5% molasses. While the highest amount of CO<sub>2</sub> was determined in the control group, the lowest value was determined in the silage group with 1.5% molasses added. The highest value in terms of lactic acid content was determined in the control group, while the lowest was determined in the silage group with 0.5% molasses. When the acetic acid contents of the silages were examined, it was seen that all additives decreased the acetic acid contents of the silages compared to the control silage. As a result, it was concluded that the addition of 1.5% molasses or 0.4% fructose syrup additive had positive effects on silage fermentation, improved <em>in vitro</em> organic matter digestion and metabolic energy values, and could be used as it was economical and applicable.
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S. L., Abdurrahaman, Kabir A. U., Salisu I. B., Dahiru M., and Muhammed A. S. "Effect of Different Additives and Varying Fermentation Days on pH And Lactic Acid of Wheat Straw Silage." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 51, no. 2 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v51i2.8137.
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This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of different additives and varying fermentation days on pH and lactic acid of wheat straw silage. The experiment was laid out in a factorial arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and 3 replications in each treatment at varying fermentation days (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30). Urea at 2.5% (UWS), poultry litter at 25% (PLWS) and watermelon peels at 25% (PPWS) as additives were ensiled with wheat straw at varying fermentation days while wheat straw (SWS) was ensiled without additives as control, all silages were made in an open mouthed Kilner® jars. Silages were opened following the fermentation 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days for sample collection to determine pH and lactic acid. The results show significant differences (P<0.05) on pH (7.36 to 4.37) and lactic acid (0.11 to 3.07) across varying fermentation (0 to 30) days and using different additives. The most stable pH was observed in PPWS at 30 fermentation day which produce the highest quantity of lactic acid and stable pH. While highest pH was observed in UWS at 0 FD which produces significantly lower quantity of lactic acid. The interaction between silage additives and the fermentation days also shows that within a specific additive, the increase in fermentation day increases lactic acid production and decreases pH value. It was concluded that ensiling wheat straw with pineapple peels for 30 fermentation days produce a palatable silage with stable pH. Cette recherche a été menée pour évaluer les effets de différents additifs et de la variation des jours de fermentation sur le pH et l'acide lactique du silage de paille de blé. L'expérience a été réalisée selon un arrangement factoriel dans un plan d'expérience en blocs complets randomisés (PBCR) avec cinq traitements et trois répétitions pour chaque traitement à différents jours de fermentation (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 et 30). L'urée à 2.5% (UWS), le fumier de volaille à 25% (PLWS) et les pelures de pastèque à 25% (PPWS) ont été ensilés avec de la paille de blé à des jours de fermentation variés, tandis que la paille de blé (SWS) a été ensilée sans additifs comme contrôle, tous les sillages ayant été réalisés dans des bocaux Kilner® à ouverture large. Les sillages ont été ouverts après fermentation aux jours 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 et 30 pour la collecte d'échantillons afin de déterminer le pH et l'acide lactique. Les résultats montrent des différences significatives (P<0.05) concernant le pH (de 7.36 à 4.37) et l'acide lactique (de 0.11 à 3.07) selon les jours de fermentation (de 0 à 30) et les différents additifs. Le pH le plus stable a été observé dans le PPWS au 30ème jour de fermentation, produisant la plus grande quantité d'acide lactique et un pH stable. En revanche, le pH le plus élevé a été observé dans l'UWS au jour 0 de fermentation, produisant une quantité d'acide lactique significativement plus faible. L'interaction entre les additifs de sillage et les jours de fermentation montre également que, pour un additif spécifique, l'augmentation des jours de fermentation accroît la production d'acide lactique et diminue la valeur du pH. Il a été conclu que l'ensilage de paille de blé avec des pelures d'ananas pendant 30 jours de fermentation produit un sillage appétissant avec un pH stable.
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Júnior, Paulo da Cunha Tôrres, Luana Milena Pinheiro Rodrigues, Alberto Jefferson da Silva Macêdo, et al. "Impacts of Chemical and Microbial Additives on the Quality of Forage Sorghum Silage During the Fermentation Process." Agronomy 15, no. 5 (2025): 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15051176.
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Additives are intentionally added to silage to reduce the growth of undesirable micro-organisms and to control the course of fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two additives, a commercial product based on organic acids (OA) and Lentilactobacillus buchneri (Lb), alone or in combination with OA. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 3 factorial completely randomized design, with five replicates per treatment, four additives (control, no additive (Control); commercial inoculant based on L. buchneri (Lb); additive based on organic acids (OA); Lb combined with OA (Blend)), and three fermentation periods (15, 30, and 90 days). The filamentous fungi count was higher in the Control silage during all fermentation periods. Lb silage showed greater aerobic stability (144 h) during all fermentation periods. The fermentation pattern was also influenced by inoculation; Lactobacillus was the most prevalent genus in Blend silage, and Lactiplantibacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, and Secundilactobacillus were predominant in OA silage, followed by Lentilactobacillus, which was higher in Lb silage. The addition of Lb and the Blend silage were the most efficient strategies, promoting greater accumulation of acetic acid and inhibiting yeasts, and the additives contributed to a more stable environment over 90 days of storage.
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Chotimah, Qusnul, Mutiara Nada, Elina Dwi Rahayu, et al. "Effects of Achatina fulica mucus as antimicrobial additive on chemical compositions, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility of elephant grass silage." Veterinary Integrative Sciences 22, no. 2 (2023): 667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/vis.2024.045.
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This study was purposed to evaluate the utilization of Achatina fulica mucus as an antimicrobial to increase the quality of elephant grass silage. Total of 100 mL of achatina mucus (AM) was isolated from 20 heads of Achatina fulica using electric shock method. The AM contained 3,07 mg/5 mL of total protein. The 45 d old of elephant grass was harvested, wilted, and then chopped at 3-5 cm. Chopped grass was ensiled into 4 kg mini-silo for 21 d with different silage additives in triplicate, consisting of: without additives (P0); with 1% of AM (P1); and with combination of AM and microbial complex inoculant at 1:1 ratio. The compositions of elephant grass silage were not affected by the application of additives. The P2 silage resulted in the lowest (P<0.05) pH and yeast count. Both P1 and P2 silages had higher (P<0.05) lactate concentration than P0. Moreover, clostridia was not detected in both P1 and P2 silages. Both P1 and P2 silages had a higher (P<0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than P0 silage. The present study concluded that applying AM was effective to inhibit clostridia and improve fermentation quality and digestibility in the rumen. A combination of AM and MCI was generally recommended to increase the quality and digestibility of elephant grass silage.
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Tyrolová, Y., L. Bartoň, and R. Loučka. "Effects of biological and chemical additives on fermentation progress in maize silage." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 7 (2017): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/67/2016-cjas.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of bacterial and chemical additives on the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and on fermentation indicators in whole maize silage at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 90 days of fermentation. Maize forage was harvested at approximately 34% dry matter (DM) and treated with (1) no additive (control; C); (2) bacterial inoculant (2 g/t of forage; B) containing the homofermentative LAB Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Pediococcus pentosaceus (1.5 × 10<sup>11</sup> cfu/g of inoculant); and (3) chemical additive (4 l/t of forage; CH) containing formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate, and benzoic acid. Both treatments decreased pH of silage at day 1 of ensiling (P &lt; 0.05), and the lowest value of 4.34 was observed in the CH-treated silage. All silages were well fermented and had pH &lt; 4.0 by day 10 of fermentation. The concentration of lactic acid and the lactic acid : acetic acid ratio increased over time in all treatment groups, and the highest values were 87.5 and 3.62 g/kg of DM, respectively, observed for group B at day 90 (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were higher (P &lt; 0.05) for CH compared to C and B at days 3, 5, 10, and 90 of fermentation. The CH silage had fewer LAB (P &lt; 0.05) than did either C or B silages regardless of the days of fermentation. Both additives used in the present study improved fermentation dynamics of the whole crop maize silage.
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Mayne, C. S. "An evaluation of the concentrate sparing effect of four silage additives." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022637.
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Recent research at this Institute has shown marked improvements in animal performance following the use of bacterial inoculants as silage additives (Gordon, 1989 and Mayne, 1990). Other studies with additives based on antimicrobial carboxylic salts (Maxgrass - BP Chemicals) have also shown large improvements in animal performance relative to untreated silage (Chamberlain et al, 1990). However with constraints on milk output in the form of milk quotas, it is important to investigate the potential “concentrate sparing” effect of these differing silage additives, whilst producing a constant yield of milk constituents.Five silages with a range of fermentation characteristics were produced by ensiling first regrowth herbage either untreated (C) or treated with four differing silage additives including: an inoculant of lactic acid bacteria (I); an inoculant of lactic acid bacteria plus enzymes (I+E); formic acid applied at 2.54 litres/t grass (FA) and antimicrobial carboxylic acids applied at 5.95 litres/t grass (CA).
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Evci, Sevket, and Erva Eser. "Silage Studies Published in DergiPark Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis." Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 41 (May 22, 2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.63673/eurasianjvetsci.447.
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This study aims to analyze the thematic and methodological trends in silage research published in DergiPark, focusing on the most frequently discussed topics: silage quality, fermentation processes, and the use of additives. By systematically analyzing publication patterns and methodological approaches, the study seeks to provide insights into the evolving research landscape. A systematic analysis of silage studies in DergiPark examined key research topics, methodologies, and trends. Research was categorized by forage quality, fermentation efficiency, and additive use. Predominant methods, including chemical analysis, digestibility studies, and in vitro techniques, were assessed. The study also evaluated the growing role of microbial additives, particularly lactic acid bacteria, in fermentation improvement. The findings revealed that silage quality, fermentation processes, and additive applications are the dominant research themes. Corn and alfalfa were identified as the primary silage crops due to their significance in feed quality and productivity. Chemical analyses and digestibility studies were the most frequently utilized methods for evaluating nutritional value and preservation efficiency. Additionally, a notable rise in the application of in vitro methodologies was observed. The use of microbial additives, especially lactic acid bacteria, was found to significantly enhance the fermentation process. This study highlights the current research trends in silage studies and suggests future directions for improving silage production efficiency. Further exploration of in vitro methodologies and microbial additives is recommended to enhance sustainability and nutritional quality. Expanding research on diverse silage crops and novel additive applications could provide valuable insights for both scientific and industrial advancements.
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Pedroso, André de Faria, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, Daniele Rebouças Santana Loures, et al. "Fermentation, losses, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 6 (2008): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000600004.
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Utilization of sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. silage is increasing in Brazil but intensive ethanol production during fermentation reduces forage quality. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of additives on fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages produced in minisilos. Treatments were (fresh basis): untreated silage (control), urea (5.0 g kg-1), sodium benzoate (1.0 g kg-1), potassium sorbate (0.3 g kg-1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1 x 10(6) cfu g-1), and Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64 x 10(5) cfu g-1). At the 94th day after ensilage, ethanol concentration was lower in urea, benzoate, sorbate and L. buchneri supplemented silages and higher in L. plantarum inoculated silage, as compared to control. Urea and benzoate treated silages showed the highest and L. plantarum treated silage the lowest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Effluent production was higher in the urea treated silage. Inoculation with L. buchneri reduced 50% ethanol production as compared to control. Urea and L. buchneri reduced yeast count. Aerobic stability was enhanced by L. buchneri and benzoate. Sodium benzoate and L. buchneri were the most promising additives, improving both silage fermentation and aerobic stability; inoculants containing L. plantarum can be deleterious to fermentation and conservation of sugarcane silages.
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del Barrio, Arnel, Christian Lualhati, Kimberly Turaja, et al. "Physico-chemical Characteristics of Ensiled Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) Foliage, and Fermentation Kinetics of Cassava Silage." Philippine Agricultural Scientist 106, no. 2 (2023): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.62550/cv027023.
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This study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of ensiled cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) foliage with or without additives molasses and rice bran. Six treatment combinations were from two crop species (cassava and sweetpotato) and three additives (without additive, 10% molasses, and 10% rice bran). The physical (color, odor, texture) and chemical characteristics (pH, total soluble sugars, Flieg point, dry matter, organic matter, ash, crude protein, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose) of the samples were evaluated following standard procedures. Fermentation kinetics of cassava foliage silage and ruminal in situ DM degradability of cassava foliage silage were evaluated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h using cannulated cattle. Results showed that cassava foliage (CF) and sweetpotato foliage (SF) silages with molasses had the lowest pH of 3.82 and 3.80, respectively due to high TSS values of the samples. CF had the highest crude protein (19.06%) compared to SF silage (11.61%). Moreover, CF had low fiber fractions (NDF and ADF) resulting in a high effective dry matter degradability (74.73%) of the silage. Results on silage quality, nutritive value, and dry matter degradability evaluation proved the potential of cassava foliage silage with molasses as an alternative high protein feed for ruminants.
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Kaewpila, Chatchai, Waroon Khota, Pongsatorn Gunun, Piyawit Kesorn, and Anusorn Cherdthong. "Strategic Addition of Different Additives to Improve Silage Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Digestibility of Napier Grasses at Late Maturity Stage." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070262.
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Napier cultivars are widespread in the tropics. To effectively prepare two Napier grasses at the late maturity stageas silage for ruminant feedstock, the silage fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, in vitro digestibility, and gas kinetics were studied. Napier Pakchong grass (NP) and sweet grass (SG) were harvested at 120 dof regrowth and untreated (control) or treated with normal or a double dose of cellulase, urea, and formic acid. After 30 d of ensiling, the pH values of silages (ranging from 3.91 to 7.79) were affected (p < 0.05) by additives and lower in control and cellulase-treated silages than in urea- and formic acid-treated silages. Adding cellulase resulted in greater lactic acid concentrations in SG silage. Adding urea boosted acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen levels of silages. Adding formic acid spoiled silages and shortened the aerobic stability of NP silage. Compared with the control, the addition of cellulase at a double dose enhanced in vitrodry matter digestibility, and the gas production kinetics parameters of silages. Taking silage fermentation quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility into consideration, adding cellulase (0.2 g/kg fresh matter) to Napier grasses at the late maturity stage could be a better option compared with the other additives.
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Cesar Neto, José Maria, Betina Raquel Cunha dos Santos, Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo, et al. "ADDITIVES AND PREMISES USED TO OBTAIN HIGH QUALITY SILAGES." Nucleus Animalium 12, no. 1 (2020): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/21751463.3668.
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Abstract: The use of additives in silages is increasing worldwide, based on the premise of the better material preservation or because of an aggregation of nutritional value with the use of some types of additives. This review aims to present information on a series of additives that can be used in a variety of silages according to their needs. The main classes of additives currently available are: fermentation inhibitors, nutrients, aerobic deterioration inhibitors, fermentation stimulants and humidity absorbent additives. It is fundamental that the properties adopt the practice of producing quality roughage as a primary investment, aiming on a greater financial return through the adoption of strategic planning in the short, medium and long term. There are several additives available in the market, but it is ideal to know if its use in the silage is necessary, what is the form of application, its dosage, and how the additive will benefit the silage. Thus,, it is essential the search for additives that gives additional contribution to the microorganisms responsible for the potentialization of the fermentation of the substrates present in the biomass, aiming to bring benefits to the fermentation process, to reduce losses, to stimulate or inhibit fermentations, to keep the stability of the forage, and to preserve the nutritive value of the ensiled mass in order to be similar to the green forage, or as close as possible to the plant it came from, or to add nutritional value through certain classes of additives.
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Yan, T., D. C. Patterson, F. J. Gordon, and M. G. Porter. "The effects of using a bacterial inoculant with unwilted and wilted grass silages on performance and nutrient utilisation by dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200590267.
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In recent years there has been increasing interest in the use of bacterial inoculants as silage additives. A number of recent studies have shown improvements in silage fermentation, feed intake and milk production following the use of inoculant additives at ensiling. Even when compared with well preserved control silages, studies at this Institute have shown that treatment with an inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum at ensiling has produced positive responses in both silage intake and milk yields (Gordon, 1989; Mayne, 1990). This leads to the hypothesis that, unlike the traditional acid additives, application of an inoculant at ensiling to grass which has been wilted to a high dry matter (DM) concentration may still produce improvements in milk production in comparison with untreated silages. The objective of the present study therefore was to examine if the response to the use of a bacterial inoculant at ensiling was influenced by the wilting of grass.
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Yan, T., D. C. Patterson, F. J. Gordon, and M. G. Porter. "The effects of using a bacterial inoculant with unwilted and wilted grass silages on performance and nutrient utilisation by dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027975.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years there has been increasing interest in the use of bacterial inoculants as silage additives. A number of recent studies have shown improvements in silage fermentation, feed intake and milk production following the use of inoculant additives at ensiling. Even when compared with well preserved control silages, studies at this Institute have shown that treatment with an inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum at ensiling has produced positive responses in both silage intake and milk yields (Gordon, 1989; Mayne, 1990). This leads to the hypothesis that, unlike the traditional acid additives, application of an inoculant at ensiling to grass which has been wilted to a high dry matter (DM) concentration may still produce improvements in milk production in comparison with untreated silages. The objective of the present study therefore was to examine if the response to the use of a bacterial inoculant at ensiling was influenced by the wilting of grass.
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Ayandiran, Samuel Kola, Simisola Mercy Odeyinka, Festus Femi Oloidi, et al. "Effect of molasses on nutritive value and in-vitro digestibility of elephant grass silage." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 57, no. 1 (2024): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2024-0007.
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Abstract Ensiling preserving a forage crop and its nutrients to feed later on as silage. In this study, elephant grass was ensiled with varying levels of molasses as an additive to evaluate its effect on the nutritive value and in-vitro digestibility of the silage. Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels. Elephant grass ensiled with higher levels of molasses inclusions (T3, and T4) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and lactic acid than T1 and T2 silages. However, T1 and T2 silages had significantly higher (p < 0.05) crude fibre and ash contents. Furthermore, silage without molasses inclusion (T1) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) in most of the fibre fractions compared to other silages in this study. At 6 and 15 hours, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the means of in-vitro gas production. However, gas production was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in silages with the inclusion of additives (T4, T3, and T2) at 9, 12, 18, 21, and 24 hours of incubation. Conspicuously, silages containing graded levels of molasses as an additive had significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestibility and organic matter digestibility than the silage without molasses. The methane gas and metabolisable contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in T3 and T4 silages than T1 and T2 silages. However, T3 had significantly the highest (p < 0.05) gas volume followed by T2, T4, and T1 silages. It can be concluded that our H1 hypothesis was confirmed and the inclusion of molasses as an additive in elephant grass silage resulted in improved dry matter, crude protein, lactic acid contents, reduced fibre fractions, and superior in-vitro digestibility values as well as relatively better gas production by the silage.
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Jacobs, J. L., J. Hill, and T. Jenkin. "Effect of stage of growth and silage additives on whole crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics." Animal Production Science 49, no. 7 (2009): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08244.
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The efficient production and subsequent utilisation of home-grown forage is seen as the cornerstone of profitability of the dairy industry as it leads to lower unit costs of milk production compared with purchased forage or grain supplements. Cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (Triticum × Triticosecale) all have the potential to produce high forage dry matter (DM) yields. These forages are not widely grown within dryland Australian dairy systems and there is a paucity of information on both the agronomic requirements and subsequent ensiling and feed-out management under these conditions. The experiment reported in this paper examines the DM yield, nutritive and ensiling characteristics of three small-grain cereals (triticale, wheat and oats) cut at various stages of development and ensiled with or without silage additives. We hypothesised that: (1) delaying harvesting until later stages of growth would result in higher DM yields, but negatively impact on both nutritive and fermentation characteristics of subsequent silages; (2) ensiling wilted material at earlier harvests would improve fermentation characteristics compared with direct ensiled material; and (3) the use of silage additives at all harvests would improve fermentation characteristics of resultant silages compared with untreated silages. Apart from winter oats, the estimated metabolisable energy of forages was highest at the boot stage of growth, declined during anthesis and then rose again during milk and soft-dough stage of growth. The crude protein content of forages declined with maturity, with final values at soft dough below 90 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fibre content was highest at anthesis and then declined, with lowest values observed at soft dough (497–555 g/kg DM). In the majority of cases silages were well preserved, with direct ensiled material having pH values generally below 4.5 and wilted material below 5.0, with limited proteolysis as assessed by ammonia-N contents in the range of 5–15% of total-N. The production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid was influenced by wilting and the use of additives. Generally, wilted silages fermented less than the corresponding direct ensiled forages, whereas the use of Sil-All 4 × 4 additive resulted in a lactic acid-dominant fermentation compared with LaSil additive, which resulted in a greater proportion of acetic acid as an end product of fermentation. The findings of the present study highlight the potential of forage cereals to produce high DM yields for whole crop cereal silage. The timing of harvest directly influences nutritive characteristics of forages for ensiling. The use of silage additives can assist in controlling fermentation pathways during ensilage, ensuring the production of silages with fermentation attributes more likely to lead to higher intakes when fed to animals.
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Rooke, J. A., and F. Kafilzadeh. "The voluntary intake and digestibility by sheep of grass silages treated with different silage inoculants." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020328.
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The selection of lactic acid bacteria for use as silage additives is normally based upon their ability to dominate the silage fermentation and not upon benefits in animal performance. The object of this study was to investigate whether two lactic acid bacteria selected for fermentation characteristics would support the same animal performance as an established silage inoculant.On 5 June 1989, first cut, predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was ensiled direct with no wilting in plastolene silos of 2 tonne capacity. The herbage was harvested with a precision chop forage harvester and the following additive treatments were applied: None, control (C); Formic acid (Add-F, BP Nutrition, 850g/kg; 3 litres/tonne), (F); inoculant E. (Ecosyl, ICI Pic, 106Lactobacillus plantarum /g): inoculant A, (Pediococcus sp, 10 /g); inoculant B (L. plantarum 106 /g). The silages were fed to 6 wether sheep (Suffolk x Halfbred), initial live-weight, 40.1 kg (s.d. 2.22kg). Because the silages were unstable aerobically and restricted quantities of each silage were available, all sheep were fed the silages in the same (random) order.
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Tao, Xuxiong, Chongwen Ji, Sifan Chen, et al. "Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Napier grass ensiled with citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 9, no. 1 (2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(9)52-59.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding citric acid residue (CAR) with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus; syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Sumu No. 2 at ensiling on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the resulting silage. Treatments included: Control (Napier grass forage without additives); and Napier grass inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and L. buchneri) at 1 × 106 cfu/gfresh weight (FW) forage (LAB) or 36 g citric acid residue/kg FW forage (CAR) or a mixture of CAR and LAB (CL). Forty-five days after ensiling the silages were tested for chemical and microbial composition and an aerobic stability test was conducted. The addition of CAR with or without LAB increased the DM and lactic acid concentrations in silage and decreased pH plus acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), neutral detergent fiber and cellulose concentrations relative to Control. The pH in LAB silage was lower than in Control, while lactic acid concentration was higher. During the first 2 days of aerobic exposure, all additives increased the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lactic acid concentrations and decreased pH plus NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations. Moreover, CL silages had the highest WSC and the lowest NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations during aerobic exposure. However, all additives failed to improve the aerobic stability of the silage. While CAR with or without LAB inoculant improved the fermentation quality of silage made from Napier grass, more studies are warranted to identify additives which can improve aerobic stability of the silage after opening.
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Banu, Marselinus, and Wolfhardus V. Feka. "Kandungan Asam Laktat Dan Total Bakteri Asam Laktat Silase Jerami Jagung (Zea mays. L) Dengan Penambahan Aditif Yang Berbeda." Tropical Livestock Science Journal 1, no. 2 (2023): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/tlsj.v1i2.5007.
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ABSTRAK
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kandungan asam laktat dan total bakteri asam laktat silase jerami jagung (Zea mays. L) dengan penambahan aditif yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Ruminansia dan Kimia Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri atas 4 perlakuan (P0 = silase jerami jagung tampa bahan aditif, P1 = silase jerami jagung + 0,5% Heryaki powder, P2 = silase jerami jagung + 5% tepung gaplek dan P3 = silase jerami jagung + 5% tepung sagu) dan 5 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan asam laktat dan total bakteri asam laktat). Data di analisis menggunakan sidik ragam ANOVA dan uji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kandungan asam laktat dan total bakteri asam laktat silase jerami jagung (Zea mays. L) dengan penambahan aditif yang berbeda menunjukan kandungan asam laktat tertingi (3,83%) pada perlakuan P2 dan perlakuan P0 menghasilkan total bakteri asam laktat tertinggi (3,699 cfu/g). Pemberian bahan bahan aditif yang berbeda dapat berpengaruh terhadap kandungan asam laktat dan total bakteri asam laktat silase jerami jagung (Zea mays. L)
 Kata Kunci : Jerami jagung, Silase, Heryaki Powder, Tepung gaplek, Tepung sagu, Kandungan asam laktat, Total bakteri asam laktat.
 
 ABSTRACT
 This study aims to determine the effect of lactic acid content and total lactic acid bacteria in corn straw silage (Zea mays. L) with the addition of different additives. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The study was conducted experimentally in a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 4 treatments (P0 = corn straw silage without additives, P1 = corn straw silage + 0.5% Heryaki powder, P2 = corn straw silage + 5% cassava flour and P3 = corn straw silage + 5% sago flour) and 5 replicates. Parameters observed were lactic acid content and total lactic acid bacteria). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further testing with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed the content of lactic acid and total lactic acid bacteria in corn straw silage (Zea mays. L) with the addition of different additives showed the highest lactic acid content (3.83%) in treatment P2 and treatment P0 resulted in the highest total lactic acid bacteria (3.699 cfu/g). The administration of different additives can affect the lactic acid content and total lactic acid bacteria of corn straw silage (Zea mays. L).Keywords : Silage, Heryaki Powder, Cassava Flour, Sago Flour, Lactic Acid Content, Total Lactic Acid Bacteria.
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Wang, Xuekai, Han Liu, Yixiao Xie, et al. "Effect of Sucrose and Lactic Acid Bacteria Additives on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition and Protein Fractions of Two Typical Woody Forage Silages." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030256.
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Paper mulberry (PM) and mulberry (MU) have been considered potential substitutes for traditional forages in response to the increasing demand for high-protein feed for livestock. To improve the utility of these two typical woody forages, our study investigated the effects of sucrose and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, and protein fractions of their leaf silages. Collected leaves were separately subjected to ensiling treatments, either with or without sucrose (S), in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or Lactobacillus casei (LC). The silage was sampled and analyzed for fermentation parameters, carbohydrates, and protein fractions after ensiling for 60 days. The pH value of paper mulberry silages with S was 19% lower than that without S, while LAB-treated mulberry silages showed decreased ammonia nitrogen (by 71%) and fraction A in crude protein (by 15%) compared with no LAB additives. In summary, adding S improved the fermentation quality, with no positive effect on protein fractions, in PM silage, whereas LAB additives improved the potential utilization of protein in MU silage.
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Jacobs, J. L., and G. N. Ward. "Effect of cereal and pea monocultures and combinations and silage additives on whole-crop cereal silage nutritive and fermentation characteristics." Animal Production Science 53, no. 5 (2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12025.
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The efficient production and utilisation of home-grown feed is considered one of the key factors that underpins the profitability of dairy systems in southern Australia. The use of winter forage cereals for grazing and silage provides an opportunity to achieve high dry matter yields over the winter and spring period. However, questions remain on the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage and its subsequent use as a production feed in livestock systems. This experiment examined the nutritive characteristics of winter wheat, triticale, forage peas and bi-crops of cereals and peas sown at different proportions, cut for silage at the soft dough growth stage of the cereals and their subsequent silage nutritive characteristics and fermentation patterns when ensiled with and without bacterial inoculant additives over 2 consecutive years. The estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (Year 1) and crude protein (CP) (Years 1 and 2) concentrations of the forage pea before and after ensiling were higher (P < 0.05) than all other forages in both years. The cereal–pea mixes had similar estimated ME values to the cereal monocultures both before harvesting and as silage, although there were significant improvements in CP concentration at the higher rates of pea inclusion. All resultant silages were well fermented as indicated by low pH, low proportions of total N as ammonia-N and high lactic acid concentrations. There were marked differences in the proportions of lactic acid and acetic acid in the pea silages between years and this is likely a result of dry matter content differences at ensiling. There was no effect of silage additives on resultant silage nutritive characteristics or fermentation parameters indicating that well fermented silage can be achieved without the additional cost of using a silage additive. This study has indicated that forage peas can be ensiled with winter cereals and produce silages that have higher CP concentrations than cereal silage but with similar fermentation parameters. Furthermore, this experiment has highlighted the potential of growing a monoculture of forage peas for ensiling with the resulting silage having higher estimated ME and CP concentrations.
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Selfiana Pasi, Maria, Stefanus Sio, Agustina Viktoria Tae, Agustinus Agung Dethan, Steffanie M. C. noach, and Gaudensiana Usfinit. "Pengaruh penggunaan bahan aditif berbeda terhadap kualitas fisik silase berbahan dasar rumput benggala (Panicum maximum)." Tropical Livestock Science Journal 3, no. 2 (2025): 146–52. https://doi.org/10.31949/tlsj.v3i2.13357.
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The research was conducted in July - August 2023 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Timor University, with the aim of determining the physical quality of silage made from panicum maximum with different additives added. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to test the physical quality of silage made from panicum maximum consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given are as follows: T0: Panicum maximum (Without additives/control), T1: Panicum maximum + 10% bran, T2: Panicum maximum + 10% Corn Flour, T3: Panicum maximum + 10% Brand pollard. The percentage of additives is calculated based on the weight of chopped panicum maximum. The variables studied were Color, Aroma, Texture, Fungi and pH. The results showed that the use of different additives affected the nutritional value of panicum maximum silage, indicating that Color, Aroma had a significant effect on other higher pollard additives (P<0.05), while Texture, Fungi and pH had no significant effect (P>0.05). It can be concluded that silage made from panicum maximum added with rice bran, corn flour, and pollard bran additives produces relatively the same texture, fungi, and pH content. However, the use of pollard can increase the color content of silage. The use of panicum maximum forage can increase the dry matter content of silage; it is better to use corn flour as an additive to increase the pH of silage.
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Bolsen, K. K., G. Ashbell, and Z. G. Weinberg. "Silage fermentation and silage additives - Review -." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 9, no. 5 (1996): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1996.483.
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Yitbarek, Melkamu Bezabih, and Birhan Tamir. "Silage Additives: Review." Open Journal of Applied Sciences 04, no. 05 (2014): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2014.45026.
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