Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silence (Droit)'
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Neiss, Philippe. "Le silence en droit du travail." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4023.
Full textFor some specialists of law, silence is nothing and has no effect. The study about the notion and the role of silence, specially in the labour law, shows the opposite. First, the analyse of the notion of silence in cognition pragmatic shows that silence, absence of language, can serve the communication. In law, the juridic act must be analysed as a communication act. In consequence, silence is not necessarily an obstruction of a juridic act existence. The judge, limited by the law, interpretes the silenced attitudes in order to find the expression of a juridic act. In labour law, the interpretation of employer and employee's attitudes has some specificities. Secondely, silence plays an important but ambivalent role in labour law. In the construction of a system of norms, silence can permit or forbid the application of an other norm. It can also permit or not the derogation. That is why silence is a factor of the complexity of the norms system. Silence can also be an obligation for employer and employee. It can be obliged or forbidden. By that way, silence participates to the importants evolutions of labour law: developpement of the collective negotiation and the participation of employee to the decision about the firm, « proceduralisation » of law, protection of the fundamental rights of employees
Bordes, Elodie. "Le silence et le droit : recherches sur l'usage de la métaphore du "silence du droit" comme consolation." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0104.
Full textLaw is traditionally apprehended/seen as a phenomenon inherent to language. Is it possible, consequently, for this Law which is contained in the snare oflanguage to "say the silence"? To express itselfthis part ofunspeakable or mystical which he has? In this study we quickly realized the metaphorical nature ofthis question. The silence in a trivial approach can be, indeed, that of a person with speech, not the law itself. The metaphor can be understood as follows: this is to account for a slip on which occasion a misnomer is substituted for a proper missing term. In this sense, the metaphor generates a lack of a term relationship with respect to another. The metaphor becomes "the same form of consolation": it allows us as a method of consoling the risks inherent in the entry of the Law in the order of language (the loss of a meaning that is "already there" or a direction which would always present before the use oflanguage). Based on these issues we opted for the following plan / In the first part, we will see as the expressiveness of law is regularly moved and confiscated in accordance with the logic of rhetoric and prosopopoeia. Which is manifested, therefore, it is a moving speech and the consequential creation of a gap - which seems to mean - between presence and representation. In this first perspective, the expressiveness of the law mask, for example, the reality of the Law. In the second part, it is the iconic metaphor of resource to be convened. In this ultimate part, we will make full use ofmetaphor as a tool ofknowledge by using a profit from the idea that the silence of the Law allows to express even the ordinary law. Rided of invasive myth of a political source of Law, the Law appears as it is: the king is now naked. The Law is what it is and is embodied in the action of a series of actors who are even ordinary law. The silence of the law allows to hear the life of Law
Leboeuf, Sylvain. "Le rôle du silence de l'accusé en droit comparé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27232/27232.pdf.
Full textGayraud, Jean-François. "La dénonciation en matière pénale : silence, parole, droit, devoir." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020060.
Full textAssi, Assepo Eugene. "La preuve des contrats tacites." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0011.
Full textCharlery, Éric. "La preuve par tous moyens des manifestations informelles de volonté." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100181.
Full textFrench Civil Law obliges the person who declares in Court to be linked by a contract with the opposing party, to prove this agreement into writing. In the same way, the party who wants to contest the reality of any fact related by a written contract, must exhibit a written evidence. The application of these legal rules sets up practical troubles when in particular despite the default of a written evidence, the agreement concluded by the parties has been, in fact, executed. In those cases, Courts tend to modify legal rules in what concern evidence. This thesis shows and explains the technics employed by Courts to introduce in civil law, the free proof of unformal contract
Akoffodji, Roger. "Le silence dans les rapports bancaires." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR1001.
Full textSilence is the fact of being silent, not to say anything, not to reveal anything. It is hardly an isolated silence, but rather a detailed one liable to influence the construction of a bank contract or the responsability of parties. Firstly, it appears that a bank contract can be constructed, in spite of a cocontractor's silence. But here again, the proof of the intentional silence must have to be established. Supposing that a contract is written thus, it would be necessary to fill the gap left by its silence, in resorting to the law or to bank usages whose quality and objection to clients are indispensable. Secondly, the silence may be a source of responsability, not to observe the rule of discretion, or not to execute the obligation of information. To avoid indiscretion, the banker should know very well where begins and finishes bank confidence, and to avoid a guilty silence, he must have to furnish qualitatively and quantitatively suitable information. Finally, silence in bank relationship is creative and extinctive of the law. There is an art of being silent which is said to protect compulsory silence and the struggle against guilty silence
Pesenti, Sophie. "La tolérance en droit civil." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020086.
Full textDesprairies, Armand. "La décision implicite d'acceptation en droit administratif français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D075.
Full textThe Law of 12 November 2013 enshrines the principle that "silence equals consent" in the French administration. Until then, the opposite was the rule: for more than a century, the silence of an administrative unit when solicited has meant dismissal of the request. This revolutionary principle has been presented by the Government as an efficient mean to streamline the relationship between the administration and its constituents and fight administrative inertia. The doctrinal opinion, however, has been quite suspicious about it. The critics focused on its scope, efficiency and relevancy. The determination of when this new principle is applicable fits partially into the critic, as there are numerous exceptions to the rule "silence equals consent". Despite its consecration as Law, the principle of implicit acceptance remains limited to specific matters. Then we should rather regard it as a partial principle, or even embrace the idea of two rival interpretations of the silence of the administration. Finally, the implementation of that principle relies strongly on how proactive the administration is. The legal regime of implicit acceptance is stuck between the general scheme of administrative decision and more specific rules, which makes it partially ill-adapted. The 2013 reform therefore shows mixed results, but the mechanism of implicit acceptance is still a step forward. It is a crucial lever to a wide-range reform of the administrative action
Marie, Alexis. "Le silence de l'Etat comme manifestation de sa volonté." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020061.
Full text. During the work of the International Law Commission regarding Unilateral Acts of States, the Special Rapporteur denied that State’s silence could be qualified as a manifestation of its will. Nevertheless,no theoretical reason justifies this position. The study of the practice reveals more over that, as the casemay be, State’s silence can be qualified as refusal or as acquiescence and that it plays a fundamental role in the formation, the interpretation or the modification of legal interstate relations. Indeed, since it is the State’s prerogative to appreciate the legality of the behavior of others States, legal certainty imposes to hold the legal relevance of their silence. Under its diverse facets, this objective constitutes the raison d’être of the effect attributed to silence and thus allows a systematization of the various hypothesis in which it is taken into account. Depending on the situation to which it reacts, silence ensures the current or future determination of legal relations. Furthermore, the study of the conditions necessary for the production of the silence’s effects reveals that positive law consecrates the theoretical possibility of qualifying silence as a legal act. International law requires, in order toattribute an effect to silence, that the silent State was free to react and had knowledge of the situation that made his silence legally relevant. Moreover, the rules governing the proof of the knowledge and of the existence of silence do not necessarily justify the criticism towards the fictive character of the voluntarist explanation of the phenomena. There is, in any event, no legal fiction in qualifying silenceas a legal act
Mouawad, Julie. "Les relations d'affaires : approche comparée du droit français et du droit libanais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0030.
Full textThe word « business relations » is no longer only a denomination in the « business world »; in fact, the legal notion of business relations intervenes today as a new legal category of law, in particular since the drafting of French order No. 2016-131 in 10 February 2016. Our analysis will focus on the consecration of « business relations » in French and Lebanese positive law. This analysis has a principal interest to attempt to outline a general definition of the concept of « business relations », to develop the legal framework within which it is formed, and to determine the related characteristics of the business relations concept. A legal approach of this notion has enabled us to specify the legal framework of the business relations notion, this is largely based on article L. 442-6-I, 5⁰ of the French commercial code. The analysis of the economic equilibrium and the legal security of contractors will lead us to study not only the pre-contractual and contractual relations but also the condition and the legal effects of business relations at the post-contract stage. In a first approach, we will clarify the areas in which the notion of business relations is approached in positive law, and will try to specify its constituent elements. In a second approach, we will analyze the legal effects of the « business relations » notion during the diverse phases of the contract drafting and the consequences of the contract termination on those relations
Vallar, Sandrine. "Le rôle de la volonté dans l'interprétation des contrats en droit romain." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020046.
Full textThis is a study of Roman private law, more precisely of the role of will in Roman contract law. The question of voluntas is well-known among inheritance matters. But it seems not to be unknown in contract law as well. Indeed, will does not only concern consensual contracts. It clearly also occurs in real or formal contracts. This taking into account of will seems to be the result of Roman jurisprudence. Cases of jurisconsults have to be analyzed in order to determine the role and the relevance they give to the will of the different parties. The main sources which have to be exploited are the Institutes of Gaius, the Praetor’s Edict, the Digest, the Code and the Institutes of Justinian. The study focuses on classical Roman law (2nd century BC - 3rd century AD), and depending on the results, it could reach postclassical law (4th - beginning of 6th), and Justinian law (6th century)
Giorgi, Marine. "L'auto-incrimination." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD003/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of explaining the shortcomings of French law in self-incrimination. This notion is non-existent in France and does not ensure that litigants respect the rights of the defense asserted. Indeed, the absence of this right in the Code of Criminal Procedure or any other French text poses difficulties because the rights of the defense are not fully guaranteed. Some mechanisms are validated while they are detrimental. It is imperative that this notion, with all the aspects it encompasses, be taken into account in French law. If the American and Canadian system privileges it so much it is good that this right not to incriminate itself requires a deep development. It will also be important to observe how the French criminal law attempts to circumvent it, especially with regard to some alternatives to judgment such as plea-bargaining. The question will therefore be whether it is preferable to favor an infringement of the rights of the defense or the sentence that may result from it
Poulet, Florian. "L'inopérance des moyens dans le contentieux administratif français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020082.
Full textThe notion itself of the ineffectiveness of pleas has acquired, especially in recent years, a major place in the French administrative judicial procedure. The judge often refers to it in his/her decisions and the members of the legal doctrine use it in their own work. However, no significant study, devoted entirely to this concept and focusing on all its aspects, has so farbeen undertaken. This is why today this notion is little known and appears at first difficult to apprehend. Manifestations of this elusive aspect are numerous : for instance, theineffectiveness of pleas is often mistaken with the inadmissibility of pleas ; in the same way,the reasons why a judge declares, in a given case, that a plea is ineffective are poorly identified; similarly, when they are not just denied, the procedural effects of ineffective pleas are seriously underestimated. From an in-depth examination of case law and practices adopted by administrative courts, the purpose of this thesis is to clarify the notion of the ineffectiveness of pleas. First, in order to set the contours and determine the content of this concept, we will propose a definition of the ineffectiveness of pleas. Then, to describe and present, in a reasoned manner, the factors that might cause a plea to be declared ineffective, we will propose a systematization of the causes of ineffectiveness of pleas. Finally, to make explicitthe elements of the legal regime of ineffectiveness of pleas and how the judge implements them, we will provide a detailed analysis of its consequences
Estève, Laurent. "Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot : du genre humain au bois d'ébène ou les silences du droit naturel." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20038.
Full textBouillet, Arnaud. "Les silences de la République : étude de sociologie juridique sur l'Etat." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33035.
Full textWery, Anne. "Bruits et silences savants, les politiques du Ministère de l'éducation au Nouveau-Brunswick, 1937-1943." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23740.pdf.
Full textMarty, Marie. "La légalité de la preuve dans l'espace pénal européen." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0107/document.
Full textAdmissibility of evidence is one of the most crucial and complicatedissues in the European Union’s area of freedom, security and justice. However, thedifficulties regarding the use of evidence gathered in one Member State inproceedings in another Member State through the mechanisms of judicialcooperation seems to have been underestimated by the European Union legislator,and this despite the success of criminal proceedings with a cross-border characterbeing considered a priority for the last fifteen years. Indeed, the EU’s criminal policyhas been striving for the strengthening of the efficiency of judicial cooperationbetween judicial authorities. This requires the improvement of the instrumentsdedicated to obtaining criminal evidence. Thanks to the principle of mutualrecognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters, based on mutual trust betweenMember States, the differences between and potential incompatibilities of nationalsystems should not be an obstacle to the free circulation of evidence in the EUcriminal justice area.However, this theoretical justification is not sufficient to ensure mutual admissibility ofevidence, as the good administration of evidence remains a national issue, with awide margin of appreciation accorded to the national judge. Furthermore, both thestudy of national procedural norms and the study of the European Union legalframework show deficiencies, requiring a coherent concept for the protection offundamental rights in criminal proceedings at the EU-level. A better and harmonisedprotection of procedural guarantees is the path to ensure the mutual admissibility ofevidence, overcoming national differences
Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.
Full textThe first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights
Grenier, Michel. "La détention à des fins d'enquête en droit criminel canadien et son impact sur les droits constitutionnels." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3528.
Full textThe power to detain a person for investigative purposes is not a new technique of investigation and has its origin in English law. But this method of investigation, which is to temporarily restrict freedom of movement of a person suspected on reasonable grounds to be involved in criminal activity, was officially recognized in Canada in July 2004, following the judgement by the Supreme Court in the case of R. c. Mann. At the time of this writing, this strategy of investigation is not subject to specific regulations to the Criminal Code. The approval of this investigative technique, in the absence of any form of legislation, has not been without criticism from writers and commentators who see it as judicial intrusion into a field of expertise normally reserved for Parliament. The judgement of Mann also leaves open a critical issue that relates directly to the constitutional rights of citizens subjected to a similar kind of detention, namely the right to obtain immediately the assistance of a lawyer. This work is a thorough study of the concept of investigative detention in Canadian criminal law and its impact on the constitutional rights enjoyed by all citizens of our country. To accomplish this task, the author suggests studying this issue in three separate chapters. In the first chapter, the author focuses on the role and functions vested in the peace officers who carry out their mission within a free and democratic society such as the one which prevails in Canada. This study will allow the reader to better understand the main actors responsible for maintaining law and order in Quebec, the crimes they are most often called upon to fight and investigative methods they use to repress those crimes. The second chapter is dedicated to the concept of investigative detention in the context of Canadian criminal law. In addition to the case of R. c. Mann, which will be a study in detail, several other topics related to this concept will he discussed. Themes such as the notion of «detention» within the meaning of Sections 9 and 10b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the difference between the investigative detention and the arrest, the motives which can legally justify a police intervention as well as the limits of the detention of a person for purposes of investigation, will also he analyzed.. The third chapter is devoted to the question of the right to communicate immediately with a lawyer (and to he informed of that right) and the right to remain silent in circumstances enabling peace officers to detain a person for investigative purposes. In making a comparison with other judgments rendered by our courts, the author suggest some possible solutions that could fill gaps that have been previously identified by the Supreme Court in the cases R. c. Mann and R. c. Clayton.
Nassarah, Eric Arnaud. "Le secret sacramentel à l'épreuve du durcissement de la répression de la pédophilie : proposition de réforme du droit québécois à la lumière du droit français." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19281.
Full textThe traditional relationship between criminal responsibility and sacramental secrecy has given way to a controversial new report. Modernization, the secularization of societies, the need to adapt justice to the growing need of society in security, the implications of members of the clergy in pedophilia scandals, the Church's long silence on these implications and its internal management of these scandals, and finally religious pluralism and religious fundamentalism have all contributed to changing the discourse of state law on Sacramental secret. Formerly the disclosure of sacramental secrecy was subject to prosecution. Today, it is rather the retention of criminal information which is liable to incur the criminal responsibility of the confessor. This new relationship between penal responsibility and sacramental secrecy does not agree with the language of the Catholic Church, for whom sacramental secrecy must remain an absolute right subject to excommunication in case of violation. The controversy is obvious and the search for a compelling solution is imperious. How to solve the enigma of sacramental secrecy in a two-speed society that seeks to conciliate absolute transparency and human dignity: the first calling for the disclosure of information to the detriment of human dignity and the second, retention, to the detriment of the safety of the citizen. The case of sexual assaults committed against minors is the one that, currently, alarm society at the highest level. This issue of sacramental secrecy facing the new legal requirements of denunciation is common to several geographical areas, but the approaches of solutions are not the same. The search for a more conciliatory relationship between the secrecy and criminal responsibility could go through the comparison of several positive rights. The model of French law appears to be less intrusive to the right to freedom of religion of the penitent and the Catholic priest in this case. And it is in light of this law that we propose a reform of the Quebec model whose right to the protection of youth penalizes the sacramental secrecy. It is on the theories of "joint governance" whose transformative accommodation is the corollary, of "legal relevance" and pluralism of cooperation respectively developed by Ayelet Shachar, Santi Romano and Mireille Delmas-Marty, that this thesis is based on modeling a new relationship between the positive law of Quebec and canon law about what is opposed to them. It is an imperative for the Church to preserve the confidence of the penitents who present themselves to the sacrament of penance in order to avoid making the confessor a criminal agent or an informer. But the safety of children in ecclesial communities and their confidence in a Church that protects and defends them is also one. The legal aggiornamento in the Church, based on a safeguarding of the right of the offender, preservation of the right of the Church to its identity, but also and above all on strengthening the right of the victim, is a substantial contribution of the Church to the repression and the fight against the sexual abuse of children and constitutes proof of its good faith.
Néron, Josée. "Entre le silence et la parole du droit : du discours des chartes au Canada en regard de la discrimination vécue par les femmes /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=813772051&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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