Relevant bibliographies by topics / Silent Information Regulator Proteins

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Academic literature on the topic 'Silent Information Regulator Proteins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Silent Information Regulator Proteins"

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Yasukawa, Hiro, and Kenji Yagita. "Silent information regulator 2 proteins encoded by Cryptosporidium parasites." Parasitology Research 107, no. 3 (June 19, 2010): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1925-8.

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Ansari, A., and M. R. Gartenberg. "The yeast silent information regulator Sir4p anchors and partitions plasmids." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 12 (December 1997): 7061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.12.7061.

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Circular plasmids containing telomeric TG1-3 arrays or the HMR E silencer segregate efficiently between dividing cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subtelomeric X repeats augment the TG1-3 partitioning activity by a process that requires the SIR2, SIR3, and SIR4 genes, which are also required for silencer-based partitioning. Here we show that targeting Sir4p to DNA directly via fusion to the bacterial repressor LexA confers efficient mitotic segregation to otherwise unstable plasmids. The Sir4p partitioning activity resides within a 300-amino-acid region (residues 950 to 1262) which precedes the coiled-coil dimerization motif at the extreme carboxy end of the protein. Using a topology-based assay, we demonstrate that the partitioning domain also retards the axial rotation of LexA operators in vivo. The anchoring and partitioning properties of LexA-Sir4p chimeras persist despite the loss of the endogenous SIR genes, indicating that these functions are intrinsic to Sir4p and not to a complex of Sir factors. In contrast, inactivation of the Sir4p-interacting protein Rap1p reduces partitioning by a LexA-Sir4p fusion. The data are consistent with a model in which the partitioning and anchoring domain of Sir4p (PAD4 domain) attaches to a nuclear component that divides symmetrically between cells at mitosis; DNA linked to Sir4p by LexA serves as a reporter of protein movement in these experiments. We infer that the segregation behavior of telomere- and silencer-based plasmids is, in part, a consequence of these Sir4p-mediated interactions. The assays presented herein illustrate two novel approaches to monitor the intracellular dynamics of nuclear proteins.
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Horvath, Matej, Zorana Mihajlovic, Vera Slaninova, Raquel Perez-Gomez, Yuri Moshkin, and Alena Krejci. "The silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a positive regulator of the Notch pathway in Drosophila." Biochemical Journal 473, no. 22 (November 10, 2016): 4129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160563.

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The silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) has been shown to have negative effects on the Notch pathway in several contexts. We bring evidence that Sirt1 has a positive effect on Notch activation in Drosophila, in the context of sensory organ precursor specification and during wing development. The phenotype of Sirt1 mutant resembles weak Notch loss-of-function phenotypes, and genetic interactions of Sirt1 with the components of the Notch pathway also suggest a positive role for Sirt1 in Notch signalling. Sirt1 is necessary for the efficient activation of enhancer of split [E(spl)] genes by Notch in S2N cells. Additionally, the Notch-dependent response of several E(spl) genes is sensitive to metabolic stress caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment, in a Sirt1-dependent manner. We found Sirt1 associated with several proteins involved in Notch repression as well as activation, including the cofactor exchange factor Ebi (TBL1), the RLAF/LAF histone chaperone complex and the Tip60 acetylation complex. Moreover, Sirt1 participates in the deacetylation of the CSL transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless. The role of Sirt1 in Notch signalling is, therefore, more complex than previously recognized, and its diverse effects may be explained by a plethora of Sirt1 substrates involved in the regulation of Notch signalling.
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Marmorstein, R. "Structure and chemistry of the Sir2 family of NAD+-dependent histone/protein deactylases." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 6 (October 26, 2004): 904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320904.

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The yeast Sir2 (silent information regulator-2) protein functions as an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase to silence gene expression from the mating-type locus, tolomeres and rDNA and also promotes longevity and genome stability in response to calorie restriction. Homologues of yeast Sir2 have been identified in the three domains of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes; in mammalian cells, Sir2 proteins also deacetylate non-histone proteins such as the p53 tumour suppressor protein, α-tubulin and forkhead transcription factors to mediate diverse biological processes including metabolism, cell motility and cancer. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of a Sir2 homologue from yeast Hst2 (yHst2), in various liganded forms, including the yHst2/acetyl-Lys-16 histone H4/NAD+ ternary complex; we have also performed related biochemical studies to address the conserved mode of catalysis by these enzymes as well as the distinguishing features that allow different members of the family to target their respective cognate substrates. These studies have implications for the structure-based design of Sir2-specific small molecule compounds, which might modulate Sir2 function for therapeutic application.
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Sherman, Joyce M., Elisa M. Stone, Lisa L. Freeman-Cook, Carrie B. Brachmann, Jef D. Boeke, and Lorraine Pillus. "The Conserved Core of a Human SIR2 Homologue Functions in Yeast Silencing." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 9 (September 1999): 3045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.9.3045.

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Silencing is a universal form of transcriptional regulation in which regions of the genome are reversibly inactivated by changes in chromatin structure. Sir2 (Silent Information Regulator) protein is unique among the silencing factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae because it silences the rDNA as well as the silent mating-type loci and telomeres. Discovery of a gene family ofHomologues of Sir Two (HSTs) in organisms from bacteria to humans suggests that SIR2’s silencing mechanism might be conserved. The Sir2 and Hst proteins share a core domain, which includes two diagnostic sequence motifs of unknown function as well as four cysteines of a putative zinc finger. We demonstrate by mutational analyses that the conserved core and each of its motifs are essential for Sir2p silencing. Chimeras between Sir2p and a human Sir2 homologue (hSir2Ap) indicate that this human protein’s core can substitute for that of Sir2p, implicating the core as a silencing domain. Immunofluorescence studies reveal partially disrupted localization, accounting for the yeast–human chimeras’ ability to function at only a subset of Sir2p’s target loci. Together, these results support a model for the involvement of distinct Sir2p-containing complexes in HM/telomeric and rDNA silencing and that HST family members, including the widely expressed hSir2A, may perform evolutionarily conserved functions.
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Åström, Stefan U., and Jasper Rine. "Theme and Variation Among Silencing Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis." Genetics 148, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/148.3.1021.

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Abstract The cryptic mating type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae act as reservoirs of mating type information used in mating type switching in homothallic yeast strains. The transcriptional silencing of these loci depends on the formation of a repressive chromatin structure that is reminiscent of heterochromatin. Silent information regulator (Sir) proteins 2–4 are absolutely required for silencing. To learn more about silencing, we investigated mating type and Sir proteins in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, which contains cryptic copies of the mating type genes. A functional homolog of SIR4 from K. lactis complements the silencing defect of sir4 null mutations in S. cerevisiae. K. lactis sir2 and sir4 mutant strains showed partial derepression of the silent α1 gene, establishing that the silencing role of these proteins is conserved. K. lactis sir2 mutants are more sensitive than the wild type to ethidium bromide, and K. lactis sir4 mutants are more resistant phenotypes that are not observed for the corresponding mutants of S. cerevisiae. Finally, the deletion of sir4 in the two yeasts leads to opposite effects on telomere length. Thus, Sir proteins from K. lactis have roles in both silencing and telomere length maintenance, reflecting conserved functional themes. The various phenotypes of sir mutants in K. lactis and S. cerevisiae, however, revealed unanticipated variation between their precise roles.
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Pasupala, Nagesh, Sreesankar Easwaran, Abdul Hannan, David Shore, and Krishnaveni Mishra. "The SUMO E3 Ligase Siz2 Exerts a Locus-Dependent Effect on Gene Silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 4 (February 17, 2012): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.05243-11.

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ABSTRACT In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the two silent mating-type loci and subtelomeric regions are subjected to a well-characterized form of gene silencing. Establishment of silencing involves the formation of a distinct chromatin state that is refractory to transcription. This structure is established by the action of silent information regulator proteins (Sir2, Sir3, and Sir4) that bind to nucleosomes and initiate the deacetylation of multiple lysine residues in histones H3 and H4. Sir2 protein is a conserved histone deacetylase that is critical for mating-type and telomeric silencing, as well as a Sir3/4-independent form of silencing observed within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat locus. We report here that sumoylation plays an important role in regulating gene silencing. We show that increased dosage of SIZ2 , a SUMO ( s mall u biquitin-related mo difier) ligase, is antagonistic to gene silencing and that this effect is enhanced by mutation of ESC1 , whose product is involved in tethering telomeres to the nuclear periphery. We present evidence indicating that an elevated SIZ2 dosage causes reduced binding of Sir2 protein to telomeres. These data support the idea that sumoylation of specific substrates at the nuclear periphery regulates the availability of Sir2 protein at telomeres.
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Cacicedo, José M., Marie-Soleil Gauthier, Nathan K. Lebrasseur, Ravi Jasuja, Neil B. Ruderman, and Yasuo Ido. "Acute exercise activates AMPK and eNOS in the mouse aorta." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 4 (October 2011): H1255—H1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01279.2010.

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Exercise can prevent endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and atherosclerosis even in the absence of improvements in plasma lipids. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are incompletely understood. In this study we examined in mice whether an acute bout of exercise activates enzymes that could prevent EC dysfunction, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We also examined whether exercise alters known regulators of these enzymes. C57BL/6 mice underwent a single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise after which their aortas were analyzed for activation of AMPK, AMPK regulatory proteins, eNOS, and various enzymes that, like AMPK, activate eNOS. We found that such exercise acutely activates both AMPK and eNOS in the whole aorta and that the magnitude of these effects correlated with both the distance run and activation of the AMPK regulatory proteins silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1)-LKB1 and CaMKKβ. In contrast, Akt, PKA, PKG, and Src, other kinases known to activate eNOS, were unaffected. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AMPK and eNOS were both activated in the ECs of the aorta. This study provides the first evidence that an acute bout of exercise activates AMPK and eNOS in the endothelium of the aorta. The results also suggest that AMPK likely is the principal activator of eNOS in this setting and that its own activation may be mediated by both SIRT1-LKB1 and CaMKKβ.
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Colak, Yasar, Atakan Yesil, Hasan Huseyin Mutlu, Ozge Telci Caklili, Celal Ulasoglu, Ebubekir Senates, Mumtaz Takir, et al. "A Potential Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with SIRT1 Activators." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.233.yck.

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Sirtuins (SIRTs) are members of the silent information regulator-2 family and act as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone/protein deacetylases. The de-acetylation of proteins and histones results in an up- or down-regulation of gene transcription and protein function. In recent years, the regulatory action of the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 has been shown to have a positive impact on the pathophysiological mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the effects of SIRT1 are: its healing activity on insulin sensitivity, thereby ameliorating glycemic regulation; its mimetic activity on calorie restriction; its antihyperlipidemic activity on lipid homeostasis via the liver, adipose tissues and skeletal muscles; its antiinflammatory activities; its protective effects against cardiovascular events and endothelial dysfunction; its positive influence on autophagy, apoptosis and cancer; and finally, its anti-aging activity. The current approach for the treatment of NAFLD involves the treatment of etiological factors and recommendation of life-style changes including more physical activity and a low-calorie diet. However, there are no specific medical treatments for NAFLD. The therapeutic potential of SIRT1 activity in the treatment of NAFLD discovered in humans has been presented in this article. In this review, the potential effects of SIRT1 activation on NAFLD-related pathophysiological mechanisms and on the treatment of NAFLD are discussed.
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Du, Yue-guang, Li-pei Wang, Jun-wen Qian, Ke-na Zhang, and Ke-fu Chai. "Panax notoginseng saponins protect kidney from diabetes by up-regulating silent information regulator 1 and activating antioxidant proteins in rats." Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 22, no. 12 (December 28, 2015): 910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11655-015-2446-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silent Information Regulator Proteins"

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Johnson, Cotteka Nichisha. "Characterization of the DNA-binding properties of silent information regulator 3 protein." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=691.

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Swygert, Sarah G. "The Shape of Silence: The Solution-State Conformation of Sir Heterochromatin: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/790.

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Heterochromatin is a silenced chromatin region essential for maintaining genomic stability in eukaryotes and for driving developmental processes in higher organisms. A hallmark of heterochromatin is the presence of specialized architectural proteins that alter chromatin structure to inhibit transcription and recombination. Although it is generally assumed that heterochromatin is highly condensed, surprisingly little is known about the structure of heterochromatin or its dynamics in solution. In budding yeast, heterochromatin assembly at telomeres and the HM silent mating type loci requires the Sir proteins: Sir3, believed to be the major structural component of SIR heterochromatin, and the Sir2/4 complex, responsible for SIR recruitment to silencing regions and deacetylation of lysine 16 of the histone H4 tail, a mark associated with active chromatin. A combination of sedimentation velocity, atomic force microscopy, and nucleosomal array capture was used to characterize the stoichiometry and conformation of SIR nucleosomal arrays. The results indicate that Sir3 interacts with nucleosomal arrays with a stoichiometry of two Sir3 monomers per nucleosome, and that Sir2/4 may additionally bind at a ratio of one per nucleosome. Despite Sir3’s ability to repress transcription in vivo and homologous recombination in vitro in the absence of Sir2/4, Sir3 fibers were found to be significantly less compact than canonical magnesium-induced 30 nanometer fibers. However, heterochromatin fibers composed of all three Sir proteins did adopt a more condensed, globular structure. These results suggest that heterochromatic silencing is mediated both by the creation of more stable nucleosomes and by the steric exclusion of external factors.
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Hattori, Yorito. "Silent Information Regulator 2 Homolog 1 Counters Cerebral Hypoperfusion Injury by Deacetylating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199191.

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Krey, Lea Farina Magdalena [Verfasser], George [Akademischer Betreuer] Trendelenburg, George [Gutachter] Trendelenburg, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Brück, and Margarete [Gutachter] Schön. "Untersuchungen zur Rolle des Silent information regulator 2 (Sirt2) im experimentellen Schlaganfall in Mäusen / Lea Farina Magdalena Krey ; Gutachter: George Trendelenburg, Wolfgang Brück, Margarete Schön ; Betreuer: George Trendelenburg." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192974948/34.

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Aukema, Kelly Gardner. "The role of silent information regulator 1 protein (Sir1p) in the assembly of repressive chromatin at the HMR locus of Saccharamyces cerevisiae." 2003. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Krey, Lea Farina Magdalena. "Untersuchungen zur Rolle des Silent information regulator 2 (Sirt2) im experimentellen Schlaganfall in Mäusen." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C170-4.

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Books on the topic "Silent Information Regulator Proteins"

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Yesil, Bilge. Gezi Park Protests, Corruption Investigation, and the Control of the Online Public Sphere. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040177.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on the online sphere. Through the prism of two developments in 2013—the Gezi Park protests and the corruption scandal—it discusses the possibilities and limits of online communications and the AKP's authoritarian reflex toward the burgeoning networked public sphere. It shows that the AKP's regulation and control of the online public sphere along the axes of nationalism, statism, and religious conservatism are not new, and that it has used three types of controls. These are first-generation controls that consist of Internet filtering and blocking, second-generation controls that involve passing legal restrictions, content removal requests, the technical shutdown of websites, and computer-network attacks; and third-generation controls that include warrantless surveillance, the creation of “national cyber-zones,” state-sponsored information campaigns, and direct physical action to silence individuals or group.
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Book chapters on the topic "Silent Information Regulator Proteins"

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Ramakrishnan, S., and Danny Kumar. "Silent Information Regulator 2 Proteins: Sirtuins and Cardiovascular Disease." In CSI: Cardiology Update 2016, 261. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13035_40.

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Powell, Catherine A., Jian Zhang, John D. Bowman, and Mahua Choudhury. "Resveratrol." In Emerging Applications, Perspectives, and Discoveries in Cardiovascular Research, 288–308. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2092-4.ch016.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in both men and women and has largely been attributed to genetic makeup and lifestyle factors. However, genetic regulation does not fully explain the pathophysiology. Recently, epigenetic regulation, the regulation of the genetic code by modifications that affect the transcription and translation of target genes, has been shown to be important. Silent information regulator-2 proteins or sirtuins are an epigenetic regulator family of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), unique in their dependency on coenzyme NAD+, that are postulated to mediate the beneficial effects of calorie restriction, thus promoting longevity by reducing the incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and CVD. Emerging evidence shows that SIRT1 is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, has cardioprotective effects and its mechanism of action is attributed to regulation of SIRT1. Incoproation of resveratrol into the diet may be a powerful therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Gaspar, Luís, Terry K. Smith, Nilmar Silvio Moretti, Sergio Schenkman, and Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva. "Silent Information Regulator 2 from Trypanosoma cruzi Is a Potential Target to Infection Control." In Chagas Disease - Basic Investigations and Challenges. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77030.

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