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Journal articles on the topic 'Silica gel'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Fathurrahman, Muhammad, Usep Suhendar, Ani Iryani, Diana Widiastuti, Sherin Nurhafidza Ahmad, and Esya Juniar. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Komposit Eugenol-Silika Gel dari Abu Tongkol Jagung serta Analisis Antibakteri dan Daya Serap terhadap Air." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.1.47161.10-18.

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<p dir="ltr">Tongkol jagung mempunyai kandungan silika yang cukup tinggi, yaitu 67,41% dari total abunya yang memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan komposit eugenol-silika gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pembuatan komposit eugenol-silika gel dengan bahan dasar abu tongkol jagung menggunakan metode sol gel, diikuti dengan analisis daya serap air dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap <em>E. coli</em> dan <em>S. aureus</em>. Komposit eugenol-silika gel ini dikarakterisasi menggunakan <em>Fourier Transform Infrared</em> (FTIR), <em>X-ray Diffraction</em> (XRD), <em>Scanning Electron Microscope</em> (SEM) dan <em>Thermogravimetric Analysis</em> (TGA). Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa sintesis komposit eugenol-silika gel berhasil dilakukan. Analisis menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa komposit eugenol-silika gel memiliki bentuk amorf. Karakteristik mikrostruktur menggunakan SEM menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak merata dan terdapat gumpalan (<em>cluster</em>) yang menandakan adanya bentuk butiran-butiran yang beragam berbentuk bulat atau globular pada permukaan komposit eugenol-silika gel. Analisis termogravimetri yang dilakukan sampai suhu 600 °C menunjukkan total prosentase pengurangan massa komposit eugenol silika-gel sebesar 13,10%. Daya serap air komposit eugenol-silika gel memiliki nilai persentase yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan silika gel <em>food grade</em>. Akan tetapi, komposit eugenol-silika gel tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap <em>E. coli</em> dan <em>S. aureus</em>.</p><div><p dir="ltr"><strong>Synthesis and Characterization of Eugenol-Silica Gel Composite from Corn Cob Ash and Analysis of Antibacterial and Water Absorption. </strong>Corn cobs have high silica content, specifically 67.41% of the total ash, possibly used for eugenol-silica gel composite manufacture. This study aims to synthesize eugenol-silica gel composite with corn cob ash as the base material by sol gel method, followed by analyzing water absorption and antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>.<strong> </strong>The method used is the sol-gel method. This eugenol-silica gel composite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The characterization results by FTIR showed that the synthesis of the eugenol-silica gel composite was successfully carried out. Analysis using XRD showed that the eugenol-silica gel composite had an amorphous form. Microstructural characteristics using SEM showed an uneven surface and clusters indicating the presence of various globular or spherical shapes on the surface of the eugenol-silica gel composite. Thermogravimetric analysis carried out until a temperature of 600 °C showed the total percentage reduction in mass of the eugenol silica-gel composite was 13.10%. The water absorption of eugenol-silica gel composite has a higher percentage value than food-grade silica gel. However, eugenol-silica gel composite has no antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus. </em></p></div>
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2

Pijarn, Nuchanaporn, and Pichit Galajak. "New Insight Technique for Synthesis of Silica Gel from Rice Husk Ash by Using Microwave Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.574.

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Silica gel is the chemical substance that has many good advantages such as absorbed moisture, porosity, small diameter, high surface area, and lightweight. It was synthesized by using rice husk ash via sol – gel heating in the microwave technique. The objectives in this work compose of synthesis silica gel by using the microwave technique before characterizatization. This raw material was archived from rice husk ash, obtained from agricultural waste. The silica gel, synthesized by conventional method (CVM) and commercial silica gel (COM), was also studied for comparison purposes. The results showed that successfully synthesized the silica gel by sol - gel technique using microwave. The XRD pattern of silica gel enhanced from this method was not sinificantly different as compared with CVM and COM methods. And the physical properties of this technique could be debated. The particle size of silca gel was determined by zetasizer and it was approxmately 50-70 nm. The pore size diameter, pore volume, and specific surface area of silica gel were calculated by Flowsorb II and a Quantachrome Autosorp-1. The pore size diameter, pore volume, and specific surface area of silica gel are 10-30 nm, 0.7-1.0 cm3/g, and 400-700 m2/g, respectively. Consequently, this work is considered to be the waste to make useful, and a great way to save energy and time in the silica gel synthesis.
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3

Purwanto, Agus Salim, Taslimah Taslimah, and Sriatun Sriatun. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Silica Gel dari Tetraetilortosilikat (TEOS) Menggunakan Surfaktan Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 dalam Kondisi Basa." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.15.1.1-6.

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Penelitian tentang sintesis silika gel dari tetraetilortosilikat (TEOS) menggunakan surfaktan polyethylene glicol (PEG) 6000 dalam kondisi basa telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pH optimum pembentukan gel tercepat untuk sintesis silica gel dan menentukan karakter silika gel hasil sintesis. Sintesis silica gel dilakukan dengan mencampurkan tetraetilortosilikat (TEOS), etanol, aquades, NH4OH dan polietilen glikol (PEG) 6000. Penelitian ini dilakukan variasi pH 8-10 dan variasi konsentrasi PEG 6000 yaitu 0,01 g/100 mL; 0,03 g/100 mL; 0,06 g/100 mL. Silika gel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR), difraksi sinar-X (XRD) dan BET surface area analyzer. Diperoleh bahwa pH 9 sebagai pH optimum untuk pembentukan gel. Hasil analisis difraksi sinar-X (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa silika gel adalah amorf sedangkan hasil BET surface area analyzer menunjukkan bahwa silika gel termasuk dalam mesopori dengan volume total pori dan luas permukaan spesifik silika gel tertinggi diperoleh pada pH 9 dan dengan konsentrasi PEG 6000 0,03 g/100 mL yaitu masing-masing 124,574 cm3/g dan 285,456 m2/g.
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4

RAMOS, Vanessa Machado Babinski, Maurício Gammertt RÖHNELT, and Rodrigo BRAMBILLA. "HDPE/SILICA COMPOSITES-PART II: EFFECT OF SILICA PARTICLE SIZE AND SILICA MODIFICATION ON THE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.305_periodico32_pgs_287_305.pdf.

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In this work, the effect of silica particle size and organosilane type used in the silica organofunctionalization on the thermal and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/silica composites were evaluated. HDPE/silica composites were prepared by the extrusion method using two types of silica: fumed silica, with nanometric particle size and silica gel, micrometric, modified with organosilanes containing methyl or octyl functional groups. Silicas were added to the HDPE at 1% v/v concentration. The addition of the silicas to the HDPE did not influence the melt (Tm) and the crystallization (Tc) temperatures of the resulting composites but influenced its crystallinity. The mechanical property of Izod impact strength, the dynamicmechanical rheological test (DMTA) and the surface contact angle analysis showed improvements in relation to pure HDPE when used methyl-modified pyrogenic silica as filler. This result suggests that the surface modification of pyrogenic silica with methylsilane groups results in a stronger interaction of this silica with the HDPE matrix. This effect was not observed for micron-sized silica gel, where modification with organosilanes was not sufficient to guarantee interfacial interaction with the HDPE matrix.
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5

Hench, L. L., and W. Vasconcelos. "Gel-Silica Science." Annual Review of Materials Science 20, no. 1 (August 1990): 269–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.20.080190.001413.

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6

Unger, K. K. "Silica gel chemistry." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13, no. 8 (September 1994): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(94)87008-x.

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7

RAMOS, Vanessa Machado Babinski, Maurício Gammertt RÖHNELT, and Rodrigo BRAMBILLA. "HDPE/SILICA COMPOSITES- PART I: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHYLSILANE AND OCTYLSILANE-MODIFIED SILICAS." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.281_periodico32_pgs_263_278.pdf.

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This paper reports the main results concerning the synthesis and characterization of methylsilane and octylsilane-modified silicas. The modification of the silicas with these groups aims to make the silica surface hydrophobic and thus compatible with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in HDPE/silica composites. In the present work, two types of silica were organofunctionalized: a pyrogenic silica and a silica gel. The silicas were characterized by a series of complementary techniques with the objective of investigating the nature of the surface species and their textural and morphological characteristics. The SEM images showed that the modification of the silicas with organosilanes has been not resulted in changes on the morphology and on the size of silica particles. In relation to the texture properties, determined by N2 adsorption-desorption porosimetry, the silica modification resulted in a decrease of the specific area (SBET) and the mean pore volume, a behavior attributed to the partial coverage of the adsorption sites by the organosilane molecules. The TGA analysis showed that both the methylsilane groups and the octylsilane groups on the surface of silica and silica gel are thermally stable up to 200 ° C, which enables the organofunctionalized silicas in terms of thermal stability, for the process of preparing the composites by extrusion. The results of applying these organofunctionalized silicas in the development of HDPE/silica composites will be presented in a subsequent article, part II of this research.
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8

Wibowo, Emas Agus Prastyo, Adi Wahyu Arzanto, Khoironni Devi Maulana, and Aden Dhana Rizkita. "PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSILIKA DARI JERAMI PADI." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 18, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.18.1.2018.19089.

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PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSILIKA DARI JERAMI PADIABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik silika yang diekstraksi dari jerami padi yang diperoleh dari wilayah usaha tani padi Pekalongan. Silika diperoleh dengan metode sol-gel, yang melibatkan ekstraksi silika dengan larutan alkali dan gelasi silika menggunakan larutan asam. Ditemukan bahwa hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstraksi menggunakan larutan KOH 5% dengan waktu ekstraksi 60 menit, dan pH gelasi 7.0. Persiapan berhasil diproduksi dengan memanaskan jerami padi pada suhu 10 °C/menit dan menahannya pada suhu 500°C untuk memudahkan penguraian dan pengadopsian bahan organik sambil menghindari pengapian otomatis. Komposisi kimia SiO2 diperkuat oleh EDS dan FTIR dan sifat amorf oleh XRD.Serbuk nanosilika dengan ukuran pori rata – rata 45,3869 nm dan memiliki permukaan spesifik (94,761 m2/g).Kata kunci: Jerami padi; Nanopartikel silika, Sol gel PREPAPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION NANOSILICAFROM RICE STAWABSTRACTThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of silica extracted from rice straw obtained from rice farming region of Pekalongan. The silica was obtained using sol-gel method, which involves extraction of silica using alkalis solution and gelation of the silica using acid solution. It was found that the highest yield was obtained from the extraction using 5% KOH solution with the extraction time of 60 minutes, and gelation pH of 7.0. Preparation was successfully produced by heating rice straw at 10 °C/min and holding at 500°C to facilitate decomposition and gasification of the organics while avoiding auto-ignition. The SiO2 chemical composition was confirmed by EDS and FTIR and the amorphous nature by XRD. Nanosilica powders with a 45,3869 nm average pore size and have specific surface (94,761 m2/g).Keywords: Rice straw; Silica nanoparticles, Sol gel
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9

Hastuti, Rum, and Gunawan Gunawan. "Amobilasasi Biomassa Chlorella Sp pada Silika Gel sebagai Adsorben Tembaga." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2006): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.9.2.40-44.

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Amobilisasi Biomassa Chlorella sp pada Silika gel sebagai adsorben, merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatan kapasitas adsorpsi adsorben . Silika gel dan Biomassa Chlorella sp keduanya merupakan adsorben yang mempunyai keterbatasan kemampuan adsorpsin. Dengan melakukan amobilsasi Biomassa Chlorella sp pada silica gel diharapkan kesinergian sebagai adsorben dapat meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi adsorben tersebut. Uji kapasitas adsorpsi diterapkan pada larutan tembaga (II) melalui beberapa parameter perlakuan, yaitu pH larutan, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi larutan tembaga (II). Dari hasil pengamatan diperoleh peningkatan kapasitas adsorpsi 5 kali lebih besar. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimal adsorben biomassa chlorella sp teramobilisasi terjadi pada pH=5 dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 24,91 mg/g, sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimal biomassa chlorella sp tanpa amobilisasi pada silica gel hanya 23,58 mg/g. pada pH=4
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10

SUGIZAKI, Toshio, Toshifumi KAGEYAMA, and Osamu MORIYA. "Synthesis of Organofunctionalized Silica Gel from Organostannylated Silica Gel and Chlorosilane." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 106, no. 1235 (1998): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.106.727.

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11

SUGIZAKI, Toshio, Kazuhiro OOHATA, Kenichiro SUZUKI, Toshifumi KAGEYAMA, and Osamu MORIYA. "Synthesis of Organofunctionalized Silica Gel from Organostannio Silica Gel and Alkoxysilane." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 11 (1997): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1997.811.

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12

Yang, Ya-Jun, Xi-Wang Liu, Xiao-Jun Kong, Zhe Qin, Zeng-Hua Jiao, Shi-Hong Li, and Jian-Yong Li. "Preparation and Evaluation of Oseltamivir Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Silica Gel as Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase." Molecules 23, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081881.

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To improve the chromatographic performance of an oseltamivir (OS) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), silica gel coated with an MIP layer for OS (OSMIP@silica gel) was prepared by the surface molecular imprinting technology on the supporter of porous silica gel microspheres. A nonimprinted polymer with the silica gel (NIP@silica gel) was also prepared for comparison. The obtained particles were characterized through FT–IR, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and porosity measurements. The results indicated that the polymer was successfully synthesized and revealed the structural differences between imprinted and nonimprinted polymers. The results of static adsorption experiments showed that adsorption quantity of the OSMIP@silica gel for OS was higher than that for NIP@silica gel, and the OSMIP@silica gel had two kinds of affinity sites for OS but the NIP@silica gel had one. The chromatographic performance of the OSMIP@silica gel column had significant improvement. The imprinting factor of the OSMIP@silica gel column for OS was 1.64. Furthermore, the OSMIP@silica gel column showed good affinity and selectivity for template OS and another neuraminidase inhibitor, peramivir, but not for quinocetone. These results indicated that the prepared OSMIP could be used to simulate the activity center of neuraminidase, and the OSMIP@silica gel column could be also employed in future studies to search for more active neuraminidase inhibitor analogues from traditional Chinese herbs.
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13

Parashar, V. K., V. Raman, and O. P. Bahl. "Sol—gel preparation of silica gel monoliths." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 201, no. 1-2 (June 1996): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(96)00183-4.

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14

Kashiwagi, Takashi, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Kathryn M. Butler, Richard H. Harris, John R. Shields, and Atsushi Asano. "Flame retardant mechanism of silica gel/silica." Fire and Materials 24, no. 6 (November 2000): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200011/12)24:6<277::aid-fam746>3.0.co;2-a.

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15

Novita, Lidya, and Iswadi Idris. "Effectiveness of silica gel from palm kernel shell ash as a moisture absorber of bottle packaging medicine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1041, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012044.

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Abstract Silica gel is widely used in industrial and pharmaceuticals, especially as a moisture absorber. Silica gel can be synthesized from a material containing high SiO2. One of natural material SiO2 resource is palm kernel shell ash (PKSA). PKSA contains 55.2% SiO2. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of silica gel from PKSA as a moisture content absorber for bottle packaging medicine. This study used experimental method with laboratory analysis. The steps in this study were initiated with the preparation of PKSA, synthesis of silica gel from PKSA, characterization of the synthesized silica gel with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments, water content analysis to determine the optimum absorption time of silica gel as a moisture absorber for bottle packaging medicine followed by testing the effectiveness silica gel at the optimum absorption time. The results showed that obtained silica gel from PKSA with a yield of 34%. XRF characterization shows content of SiO2 by 45.13 %. XRD characterization shows the nature of the solid silica gel in the form of crystalline phase. The optimum absorption time is 2 weeks for silica gel from PKSA. The effectiveness of the silica gel from the PKSA is 85.65 % as bottle packaging medicine moisture content absorber. Further analysis is needed on how to minimize the level of impurities in silica gel of PKSA to increase the effectiveness as a bottle packaging medicine moisture absorber.
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16

Lamb, Jessica R., Valeria A. Stepanova, and Irina P. Smoliakova. "Transcyclopalladation on silica gel." Polyhedron 53 (April 2013): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2013.01.030.

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17

Stejskal, Jaroslav, Otakar Quadrat, Irina Sapurina, Josef Zemek, Alicja Drelinkiewicz, Magdalena Hasik, Ivo Křivka, and Jan Prokeš. "Polyaniline-coated silica gel." European Polymer Journal 38, no. 4 (April 2002): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00241-5.

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18

Nagarajan, Erumaipatty R., Dong Hyun Oh, Narayanan Selvapalam, Young Ho Ko, Kyeng Min Park, and Kimoon Kim. "Cucurbituril anchored silica gel." Tetrahedron Letters 47, no. 13 (March 2006): 2073–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.139.

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19

Gun’ko, Vladimir M., Alexandr K. Matkovsky, Barbara Charmas, Jadwiga Skubiszewska-Zięba, and Sylwia Pasieczna-Patkowska. "Carbon–silica gel adsorbents." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 128, no. 3 (January 19, 2017): 1683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6097-7.

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20

Scherer, George W., Sandra A. Pardenek, and Rose M. Swiatek. "Viscoelasticity in silica gel." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 107, no. 1 (December 1988): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(88)90086-5.

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21

Saegusa, Takeo. "Organic Polymer-Silica Gel Hybrid: A Precursor of Highly Porous Silica Gel." Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry 28, no. 9 (September 1991): 817–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222339108054061.

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22

Serra, Osvaldo A., Eduardo J. Nassar, and Ieda L. V. Rosa. "Tb3+ molecular photonic devices supported on silica gel and functionalized silica gel." Journal of Luminescence 72-74 (June 1997): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2313(96)00391-2.

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23

Lepore, Giuseppe P., Lalchan Persaud, and Cooper H. Langford. "Supporting titanium dioxide photocatalysts on silica gel and hydrophobically modified silica gel." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 98, no. 1-2 (August 1996): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(95)04242-3.

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24

Aimjaijit, Winit, Pipat Chaiwiwatworakul, and Surawut Chuangchote. "Synthesis of Silica Gel and Development of Coating Method for Applications in a Regenerative Air Dehumidifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.70.

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In order to control humidity in air conditioning system, various desiccants are used to dehumidify air in air conditioners. One of simple methods, which can be used to coat desiccant materials on surface of heat exchanger in air conditioners, is dip coating. Typical, desiccants used in dehumidifying system is silica gel in a form of solid-state powder. This powder has low adhesion with the heat exchanger surface. To improve adhesion of the silica gel powder, some glue is generally applied on the surface of heat exchanger. The dehumidification properties of silica gel, however, will be remarkably reduced because of less surface area of silica gel powder. Instead of silica powder, this work aims to synthesize silica gel using sol-gel method, which the sol-state material can be suitably used in dip coating. In experimental study, silica gel was synthesized by sol-gel method of precursors with 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The pH was adjusted using sodium silicate solution (Na2O(SiO2)x.xH2O) and rinsing with DI water. Surface area, pore volume and size, phase composition, morphology, and percentage of moisture adsorption of the synthesized silica gel were characterized. Silica gel fabricated with pH 5 showed the highest percentage of moisture adsorption compared with other samples. In addition to the highest percentage, silica gel with pH 5 could adsorb water up to 28 times of its own weight. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Na2SO4 impurity were successfully eliminated after rinsing with DI water more than 4 times. Finally, adhesive property of silica gel on aluminium-fin samples was tested with scalloped tape-test method. It was observed that, to improve the adhesion property of silica gel on the aluminium fins, prior to dipping of silica gel, the fins should be etched with sulfuric acid. The acid can adjust the surface of fines to be much rougher.
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Patel, Khushbu G., Nirendra M. Misra, and Rakshith R. Shettigar. "Preparation and Characterization of Silica Gel from Wheat Straw." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 7, no. 5 (October 2016): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2016.7.5.603.

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26

Hong, Xin, Yunhe Li, Chang Gao, Yonghua Zhao, and Ke Tang. "Adsorption removing various basic nitrogen compounds from model diesel over allochroic silica gel." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 9-10 (September 4, 2018): 1595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418798101.

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The adsorption removal of quinoline from model diesel by using alumina, diatomite, silica gel, and allochroic silica gel as adsorbents was investigated. The experiment results indicated that the adsorption denitrogenation performance of allochroic silica gel was more superior to other three adsorbents. The silica gel and allochroic silica gel were confirmed by characterization with X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and ammonia temperature programmed desoption (NH3-TPD). X-ray diffraction results indicated that both the samples were amorphous structures. The average pore diameters of silica gel and allochroic silica gel were 18.46 and 1.80 nm, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas were 437.86 and 623.39 m2/g, and the pore volumes were 0.9724 and 0.3442 cm3/g, respectively. The results of TPD showed that the acidity of allochroic silica gel was far stronger than that of silica gel which greatly enhanced its adsorption denitrogenation performance. The adsorption denitrogenation performance of allochroic silica gel for quinoline, aniline, and pyridine from model diesel was as follows: aniline, pyridine, and quinoline. Adsorption temperature, particle size, and arenes added in model diesel had little impact on the removal of aniline and pyridine except quinoline. The adsorbent-to-oil ratio had significant effects on adsorption denitrogenation, especially for quinoline. The N–Co bond between Co in allochroic silica gel and N atom in the basic nitrogen compounds molecule played a significant role. Furthermore, the allochroic silica gel could be easily regenerated by its adsorption denitrogenation performance for quinoline and pyridine by using calcination once or several times, except aniline. The adsorption isotherm results revealed that the adsorption of pyridine and aniline belonged to the Langmuir–Freundlich binding model, but the adsorption of quinoline belonged to Freundlich model.
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27

Pope, E. J. A., M. Asami, and J. D. Mackenzie. "Transparent silica gel–PMMA composites." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 4 (August 1989): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.1018.

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Transparent silica gel–polymer composites have been prepared by the impregnation of porous gels with organic monomer and polymerization in situ. The relative amount of each phase was adjusted by varying the porosity of the silica gel prior to impregnation. These materials constitute a new class of transparent composites. Properties, such as density, refractive index, modulus of rupture, compressive strength, abrasion rate, and Vickers hardness, have been measured over the compositional range of 100% silica to 100% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
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Liu, Pan, Gang Qiang Geng, and Yang Jun Wang. "Study on Preparation of Silica Aerogels Derived from Silica Sol." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.7.

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Research on preparation of nanoporous silica aerogels that using cheap silica sol as silica source, undering atmospheric drying. Using orthogonal test method study the different components how to influence the gel time and the aerogel density and obtaining the best ratio. Also study the different PH value how to influence the gel time, aerogel density and the micro-structure. The results showed that: in Silica Sol, ethanol and water system, the ratio of silica sol and alcohol has significantly affected on gel time and aerogel density, the best volume ratio is 1:3, PH from 2 to 5 aerogel density is about 0.32g/cm3, but the gel time decreases rapidly, PH from 5 to 7 aerogel density increases to 0.4g/cm3quickly, and gel time changes a little, SEM showed that the micro-structure of aerogel is the best when the PH is 5. The non-critical drying method of cheap preparation comes true.
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29

Hanai, Toshihiko. "In Silico Chromatography: Modeling a New Support for Alkyl-Bonded Phases and a Solvent Phase." Journal of Analytical, Bioanalytical and Separation Techniques 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15436/2476-1869.17.1743.

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Chromatography is a tool to measure molecular interactions, and computational chemistry is a tool to explain molecular interactions. Therefore, reversed-phase liquid chromatography of acidic drugs using a pentyl- and an octyl-bonded silica gels was quantitatively analyzed in silico. A model pentyl- and an octyl-bonded silica gel and a methanol phases were constructed for docking with acidic drugs. Molecular interaction energy values based on van der Waals energy were obtained after docking an acidic drug into the model pentyl- or octyl-phases. Solvent effects, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic energy values were obtained after docking an acidic drug onto the model methanol phase. Chromatographically measured log k values were correlated with the sum of van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic energy values. The correlation coefficient between the log k values measured using the pentyl-bonded silica gel phase and the molecular interaction energy values was 0.95 (n = 20); that between the log k values measured using the octyl-bonded silica gel and the molecular interaction energy values was 0.95 (n = 20).
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Sriyanti, Sriyanti, Taslimah Taslimah, Nuryono Nuryono, and Narsito Narsito. "Pengaruh Keasaman Medium dan Imobilisasi Gugus Organik pada Karakter Silika Gel dari Abu Sekam Padi." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.8.3.74-80.

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Silica gel is well known as a material that may be used as adsorbent, host matrix for catalyst, etc. Hence, synthesis of silica gel from rice hull ash has been done by evaluation of the effect of medium acidity and organic group immobilized in the snythesis of silica gel.Synthesis of silica gel was done by adding sodium silicate solution from rice hull ash to hydrochloric acid until pH 3, 5 and 7. Immobilization of thiol group and amino group in silica was done by adding 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane to sodium silicate solution and hydrochloride acid solution until pH: 7. The products were characterized by X-ray deffractometer and FTIR Spectroscopy.Results showed that porousitas of silica increased with increasing medium acidity ( decreasing pH medium).Immobilization thiol or amino group in silica added a functional group on silica but did not destroy primary structure of silica gel.Key Words: Silica Gel, Rice Hull Ash, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane.
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Naik, Kirtimala B., S. K. Nataraj, D. P. Kumar, Y. G. Shadakshari, G. K. Seetharamu, R. Veugopalan, and K. V. Jayaprasad. "Evaluation of ornamental sunflower for value addition." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2018.v13i01.014.

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An experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, GKVK, campus, Bengaluru, UHS, Bagalkot during 2012-13 to study the suitability of ornamental sunflower for dry flower production. Highest flower weight loss was with corn meal and silica gel (90.75 and 88.45 per cent). Silica gel followed by borax powder took least number of days for drying of flower heads (9.40 and 12.60 days respectively). Colour retention in dried ornamental sunflower was highest with control treatment and silica gel with a score of 4.63 and 4.44. Flower appearance was best with silica gel (4.44) which was at par with control with a score of 3.81. Best texture score of (4.31) was highest with silica gel followed by control (shade), corn meal and alum powder which recorded 3.63, 3.31 and 3.25 respectively. Best flower shape after drying period as with silica gel (4.38).The results reveal silica gel and corn meal as best drying agents in ornamental sunflower.
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32

Wolf, H. E., and E. U. Schlünder. "Adsorption equilibrium of solvent mixtures on silica gel and silica gel coated ceramics." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 38, no. 3 (May 1999): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-2701(99)00016-1.

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33

Xiong, Zheng Wei, Sen Lu, Jing Song Wang, and Ping Sun. "Magnetic Field Effects on Synthesis of Porous Silica Gel and the Adsorption Property of Pb2+ Ions." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.612.

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Under the effect of an adjustable magnetic field (0-0.6T), porous silica gel was synthesized via sol-gel process by phase separation method to investigate the effect of magnetic field on the formation time of porous silica gel and the influence of porous silica gel synthesized under the induction of magnetic field (m-SiO2) on Pb2+adsorption property. The findings of this study show that the reaction rate can be increased and the gelation time shortened under the effect of magnetic field. Within the range of intensity of the magnetic field in this study, the 0.25T magnetic field affects the porous silica gel most significantly and can reduce the gelation time from 120min to 90min; the Pb2+adsorption property of m-SiO2is better than that of ordinary silica gel (SiO2); under the condition that the solid-to-liquid ratio and the pH value change, the Pb2+equilibrium adsorption rate and equilibrium absorption capacity of silica gel synthesized with the 0.25T magnetic field, compared with ordinary silica gel (SiO2), can averagely increase by 11.32% and 11.20mg/g, respectively.
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34

Christy, Alfred A. "The Nature of Silanol Groups on the Surfaces of Silica, Modified Silica and Some Silica Based Materials." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.3.

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Silica gel, a material that is produced from the condensation polymerisation of silicic acid, contains surface silanol groups formed during the condensation. The silanol groups on the surface are mostly of free and vicinal silanol groups. These silanol groups can be modified in several different ways. Thermal treatment and hydrothermal treatment can be carried out to alter the concentration proportions between free and hydrogen bonded silanol groups on the surface. They can also be chemically treated with suitable chlorosilanes to modify the silanol groups into polar or non polar materials that can be used in separation science.This article explores the chemical nature of silanol groups on the surfaces of different materials. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was used as the instrumental technique in this study. The silanol groups classifications were made by analyzing the near infrared spectra obtained during the adsorption of water molecules. Absorption of the combination frequencies of water molecules in the region 5500- 5000 cm-1were used in characterizing the silanol groups on the surfaces. Second derivative technique was employed in the resolution and detailed analysis of these absorptions.The study reveals that the materials contain free, vicinal and gem silanol groups. Silica gel contains free and vicinal silanol groups, thermally treated silica gel contains fewer vicinal silanol groups compared to the base silica gel, and hydrothermally treated silica gel contains higher concentrations of vicinal silanol groups compared to the base silica gel. Furthermore, the chemically modified silica gel contains vicinal or geminal silanol groups depending on the type of functionality introduced.
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35

Pope, Edward J. A. "Gel encapsulated microorganisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae?Silica gel biocomposites." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (1995): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00488377.

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36

Gal, L. N., M. Ya Malachova, E. Yu Melenevskaya, N. G. Podosenova, and L. V. Sharonova. "Effect of water on silica gel adsorption with respect to human blood plasma components." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 6 (2011): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115706635.

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In this work, the study of properties of silica gel as an adsorbent for plasmasorption has been performed. Investigations have been realized of the effect of silica gel preliminary treatment conditions and a period of plasma with silica gel contact on plasmasorption characteristics of human blood plasma components, such as protein, triglycerides, cholesterol (high-density and low-density one). The results obtained can be used for variation of silica gel adsorption properties, in situ at the adsorbent preparation process. For explanation of the experimental concentration and kinetic (temporal) characteristics of plasmasorption, the model of silica gel grains charging at the hydration was used.
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37

Chao, Allen, Embarek Alwedi, and Fraser Fleming. "Isocyanide Purification: C-2 Silica Cleans Up a Dirty Little Secret." Synthesis 51, no. 10 (February 18, 2019): 2122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611719.

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EtSiCl3-treated silica gel, ‘C-2 silica,’ proved exceptionally effective for purifying isocyanides that are otherwise irreversibly adsorbed during silica gel chromatography. Purification of a prototypical isocyanide on several chromatographic matrices provided valuable insight into the requirements for purifying silica-sensitive isocyanides. EtSiCl3-modified silica proved optimal as the solid phase, providing up to 90% recovery of pure isocyanides that otherwise fail to elute during silica gel purification.
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38

Alley, Earl G., and Guozhen Lu. "Analysis of Polychlonnated Biphenyls in Fatty Biological Matrixes by On-Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Cleanup." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 4 (July 1, 1995): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.4.1051.

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Abstract We present a method that combines the extraction of polychlonnated biphenyls (PCBs) and their separation from relatively large quantities of fat in biological matrixes by combined supercritical fluid extraction and separation. Cyano-functionalized silica gel, silica gel, aluminum oxide, Florisil, 3-aminopropyl- functionalized silica gel, and octadecyl-functionalized silica gel were tested for suitability as chromatographic media for separation of PCBs from lipids. Silica gel, 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica gel, and Florisil adequately separated PCBs from lipids when eluted with supercritical CO2. Florisil allowed both the extraction of PCBs and their separation from lipids in PCB-spiked chicken egg and fish. Two grams of sample containing PCBs at 0.125 μg/g was sufficient for subsequent separations and the low-level analysis required for the more toxic PCB components.
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39

Borysenko, M. V., V. M. Gun’ko, A. G. Dyachenko, I. Y. Sulim, R. Leboda, J. Skubiszewska-Zięba, and J. Ryczkowski. "CVD-zirconia on fumed silica and silica gel." Applied Surface Science 242, no. 1-2 (March 2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.07.064.

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40

Fabiani, Verry Andre. "SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SILIKA GEL DARI LIMBAH KACA SERTA APLIKASINYA PADA KROMATOGRAFI KOLOM." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v1i1.26038.

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Silica gel synthesis from glass waste have been carried out with activation and purification method by using hydrochloride acid. Hydrochloride acid were varied 8 N, 10 N, and 12 N to observe optimum concentration in purification of silica gel and component separation in chromatography column. Gravimetric analysis result showed 12 N hydrochloride acid produce ~100 % silica. XRD and FTIR analysis revealed that synthetic gel silica was amorphous where its IR absorption bands were at 3426 cm-1, 1620 cm-1, 1080 cm-1, 772 cm-1 and 478 cm-1. The absorption bands agreed to standard gel silica and spectrum. The most effective HCl in gel silica synthesis was 12 N, caused by its ability to separate color component in a column. The synthetic silica that can be applied as stationary phase in column chromatography.
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41

Guthrie, Robert D. "Direct Reaction of Silica Gel with Butyllithium." Journal of Chemical Research 2007, no. 9 (September 2007): 538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x247767.

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Silica gel with a variety of surface areas is found to react directly (no SOCl2 treatment required) with butyllithium to give a product with butyl groups attached. The extent of butyl group incorporation depends on available silica surface. With dehydrated 230–400 mesh silica gel, 7.4 mmoles of BuLi per g in pentane added in hexane gave silica with 2.5 mmoles of butyl groups per g provided that the silica gel was washed three times with cold water. It was found that water washing removes some unbutylated silicate increasing the apparent butyl group incorporation. The butyl-modified silica gel showed no chromatographic retention of 3-aminoquinoline in 50:50 hexane: dichloromethane or of thymol in hexane in contrast to unmodified silica gel which is known to strongly retain polar compounds, particularly basic ones. This contrast is demonstrated.
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42

Samreen Zahra, Samreen Zahra, Dr Narjis Naz Dr Narjis Naz, Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, and Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar. "Characterization of Sol-gel Prepared Silica Supported NiO-CuO Composites." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 2 (2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000633.

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Silica (SiO2) supported nickel oxide-copper oxide (NiO-CuO) composites were synthesized through alkoxide route of sol-gel process using tetraethyl ortthosilicate (TEOS), nickel nitrate hexahydrate and copper nitrate trihydrate as precursors. A series of different compositions were prepared varying NiO:CuO molar ratios keeping all other process parameters constant. The gels thus obtained were calcined at a moderate temperature i.e. 500and#186;C for one hour. The crystal structure and thermal stability of metal oxide particles embedded in silica matrix were studied using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC-TGA) respectively. The purity of the composites was checked by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) whereas the composite formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that crystals of NiO and CuO nanoparticles aggregated to form spheres of variable sizes were successfully embedded in the amorphous silica matrix composed of silica particles agglomerated to form clusters.
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43

Samreen Zahra, Samreen Zahra, Dr Narjis Naz Dr Narjis Naz, Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, and Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar. "Characterization of Sol-gel Prepared Silica Supported NiO-CuO Composites." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 2 (2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000633/jcsp/42.02.2020.

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Silica (SiO2) supported nickel oxide-copper oxide (NiO-CuO) composites were synthesized through alkoxide route of sol-gel process using tetraethyl ortthosilicate (TEOS), nickel nitrate hexahydrate and copper nitrate trihydrate as precursors. A series of different compositions were prepared varying NiO:CuO molar ratios keeping all other process parameters constant. The gels thus obtained were calcined at a moderate temperature i.e. 500and#186;C for one hour. The crystal structure and thermal stability of metal oxide particles embedded in silica matrix were studied using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC-TGA) respectively. The purity of the composites was checked by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) whereas the composite formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that crystals of NiO and CuO nanoparticles aggregated to form spheres of variable sizes were successfully embedded in the amorphous silica matrix composed of silica particles agglomerated to form clusters.
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44

Fadil, Nurhazwane Abdul, Sonny Irawan, Nur Amelia Mohd Isa, and Siti Rohaida Shafian. "Gelation Behavior of Polyacrylamide Reinforced with Nano-Silica for Water Shutoff Treatment in Oil Field." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.252.

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Polyacrylamide gel system is widely been used in oilfield for water shutoff treatment. Gelation behavior such as proper gelation time provides a basic guideline on gel placement depth in reservoir layers. In this study, the gelation behavior of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide crosslinked with chromium(III) acetate (PHPA/Cr3+) reinforced with nano-silica was studied in term of gelation time and gel stability. The gelation time of PHPA/Cr3+ gel could be controlled with the addition of nano-silica where the gel has shown a delay in gelation time at low concentration of nano-silica. At 0.3 wt.% of nano-silica concentration, the gelation time has shown two times delay compared to the original gel system. The gel at the formulations of 0.7 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% nano-silica content remained stable with H code after 24 hours observation.
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45

Adekunle Adebisi, Jeleel, Johnson Olumuyiwa Agunsoye, Sefiu Adekunle Bello, M. Haris, M. Senthilkumar, Amal Rherari, and Suleiman Bolaji Hassan. "Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized from Maize Cob using Modified Sol-Gel Method." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 15, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v15i2.4.

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Silica has found applications in many industries. Its production from agricultural wastes has been reported but with marked agglomeration of the final product. This work investigated production of silica nanoparticles from maize cob and effect of sol-gel modification with ethylene glycol on degree of agglomeration was also examined. This work also explored the effects of acid pre/post calcination treatments of the maize cob. Maize cob was treated with HCl prior to and after calcination. Using sol-gel method, silica was produced from both untreated and treated maize cobs. Ethylene glycol was also added to sodium silicate prior to precipitation of silica gel for modification of the conventional sol-gel procedure. The results showed that acid treatments affect the purity of silica nanoparticles. Ethylene glycol was observed to reduce degree of agglomeration in silica nanoparticles production from agricultural wastes. Silica nanoparticles of sizes between 5 and 50 nm were successfully synthesized. Keywords: Agricultural Wastes, Maize cob, Amorphous silica, Agglomeration, Sol-gel, Acid pre-treatment.
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46

Keng, Nien Tzu, Chang Shu Tsai, Ya Yun Chen, Sheng Yu Kao, and Wei Chung Liu. "Glycophorin a Expression in HEL-92 Cells Treated with Silica Gel Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.130.

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In recent years, silica-gel-containing materials have formed components of biomaterials that can contact stem cells. However, the effects of silica gel particles on erythrogenesis have not been well-established. In this study, we evaluated the erythrogenic effects of silica gel particles on bone marrow cells and stromal cells pretreated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 1 h prior to exposure to the silica gel particles. Our results showed that the numbers of erythrocytes in the bone marrow cells increased considerably following treatment with the silica gel particles. In addition, the expression of glycophorin A, an erythroid marker, was upregulated in the HEL-92 cells compared with the control cells. However, NAC pretreatment inhibited erythrogenic effects. Our study results suggest that silica gel particles might stimulate the differentiation of bone marrow cells to erythrocytes by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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47

Maulida, Melva Ginting, and Herlinawati Wici. "EKSTRAKSI ABU VULKANIK GUNUNG SINABUNG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN SILIKA GEL." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 6, no. 3 (October 10, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v6i3.1588.

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Silica gel is one of the silica based material. This research aimed to utilizetion volcanic ash of Sinabung mountains to make silica gel by extraction method. Volcanic ash was extracted using NaOH 4M for 30, 60, 190 and 120 minutes. Gel was formed by addip HCl 4, 6,and 8M. Sample were analyzed of using FTIR, SEM-EDX, gravimetri and AAS. Analysis silica sodium solution with concentration variation showed the biggest silica was 120 minutes. FTIR result indicated the presence of Si in volcanic ash and siloxane (Si-O-Si). SEM-EDX result silica content of silica gel was 51.96%. XRD result showed that diameter of silica was 33.412 nm and the crystallinity was 89%. Silica was applied on the largest Cu (II) absorption rate was130.725 mg/g with an adsorption efficiency of 98.66%.
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48

Wahshi, Fatima Sbait, Maitha Dhaiman Alqahtani, Manhal Abdulla, Tholkappiyan Ramachandran, Fathalla Hamed, and Thies Thiemann. "Adsorption of Model Dyes on Recycled Silica Gel." Proceedings 48, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-4-06439.

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Silica gel was used as an adsorbent for dyes in aqueous solutions. Afterwards, the silica gel with the adsorbed dye was heated to 600 °C, at which the dye combusted, leaving behind clean silica gel. This silica gel can be reused in the adsorption process. The operation leaves behind little waste products. It is an optimal procedure for educational and other research laboratories which are working with biological stains, food colorants and some non-commercial dyes.
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49

Azhar Shiddiq, Muhammad. "Making Silica Gel by Utilizing Candlenut and Palm Oil Shell Ash." Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies 1, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/edv.v1i3.24.

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Oil palm shell ash which is the result of boiler combustion inindustry has the potential to pollute the environment and have a badimpact in the long term so that special treatment is needed. Thisstudy aims to answer this problem by making silica gel fromhazelnut shell and oil palm shell ash with variations in the type ofacid and the ratio of ash to determine the effect of the type of acidand the ratio of the raw material in the form of ash to moisturecontent and water absorption of silica gel. Oil palm shell ash is usedas the main ingredient because it contains the most SiO2compounds compared to other compounds (reaching 39.78%).Candlenut shell is also used as a raw material for silica gel becauseit contains silica (12.58%). The stages in this research include thepretreatment process of the material by washing and drying thematerial, the combustion process of the main ingredient in thefurnace, the process of making sodium silicate and the synthesisprocess of silica gel. Then proceed with water content analysis,analysis of water absorption by silica gel and characterization byScanning Electron Microscope. The results of this study were thatthe type of acid, the concentration of the acid and the time ofmaturation of the gel had an influence on the moisture content ofthe silica gel and the absorption capacity of the silica gel. The silicagel produced using H2SO4 produced more mass than the silica gelusing HCl.
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50

Banerjee, Ajoy K., M. S. Laya, and W. J. Vera. "Silica gel in organic synthesis." Russian Chemical Reviews 70, no. 11 (November 30, 2001): 971–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2001v070n11abeh000642.

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