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1

Knobloch, J., and A. Eyer. "Crystalline Silicon Materials and Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 173-174 (September 1994): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.173-174.297.

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2

Guha, Subhendu. "Materials aspects of amorphous silicon solar cells." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2, no. 4 (August 1997): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80083-6.

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3

Wenham, S. R., and M. A. Green. "Silicon solar cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 4, no. 1 (January 1996): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-159x(199601/02)4:1<3::aid-pip117>3.0.co;2-s.

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4

Rath, J. K. "Nanocystalline silicon solar cells." Applied Physics A 96, no. 1 (December 23, 2008): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-5017-x.

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5

Wang, Ying Lian, and Jun Yao Ye. "Review and Development of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell with Intelligent Materials." Advanced Materials Research 321 (August 2011): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.321.196.

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The application of solar cell has offered human society renewable clean energy. As intelligent materials, crystalline silicon solar cells occupy absolutely dominant position in photovoltaic market, and this position will not change for a long time in the future. Thereby increasing the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells, reducing production costs and making crystalline silicon solar cells competitive with conventional energy sources become the subject of today's PV market. The working theory of solar cell was introduced. The developing progress and the future development of mono-crys
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6

Liang, Z. C., D. M. Chen, X. Q. Liang, Z. J. Yang, H. Shen, and J. Shi. "Crystalline Si solar cells based on solar grade silicon materials." Renewable Energy 35, no. 10 (October 2010): 2297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.02.027.

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7

Jia, Yi, Jinquan Wei, Kunlin Wang, Anyuan Cao, Qinke Shu, Xuchun Gui, Yanqiu Zhu, et al. "Nanotube-Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells." Advanced Materials 20, no. 23 (December 2, 2008): 4594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801810.

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8

Won, Rachel. "Graphene–silicon solar cells." Nature Photonics 4, no. 7 (July 2010): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2010.140.

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9

Goswami, Romyani. "Three Generations of Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 1165 (July 23, 2021): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1165.113.

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In photovoltaic system the major challenge is the cost reduction of the solar cell module to compete with those of conventional energy sources. Evolution of solar photovoltaic comprises of several generations through the last sixty years. The first generation solar cells were based on single crystal silicon and bulk polycrystalline Si wafers. The single crystal silicon solar cell has high material cost and the fabrication also requires very high energy. The second generation solar cells were based on thin film fabrication technology. Due to low temperature manufacturing process and less materi
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10

Cho, Eun-Chel, Sangwook Park, Xiaojing Hao, Dengyuan Song, Gavin Conibeer, Sang-Cheol Park, and Martin A. Green. "Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells." Nanotechnology 19, no. 24 (May 9, 2008): 245201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/24/245201.

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11

Zhang, Xiaodan, Bofei Liu, Lisha Bai, Fang jia, Shuo Wang, Qian Huang, Jian Ni, et al. "Advanced Functional Materials: Intrinsic and Doped Silicon Oxide." MRS Proceedings 1771 (2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.391.

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ABSTRACTThe unique properties of silicon oxide materials, no matter intrinsic or doped, utilized in thin film solar cells (TFSCs) in the area of photovoltaic (PV) are making TFSCs one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies for the development of high-performing electricity production units to be integrated in everyday life. In comparison to other silicon materials, the particular diphasic structure of silicon oxide materials, in which hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) crystallites are surrounded by an oxygen-rich hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) phase, causes the
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12

Beaucarne, Guy. "Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells." Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (December 17, 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/36970.

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We review the field of thin-film silicon solar cells with an active layer thickness of a few micrometers. These technologies can potentially lead to low cost through lower material costs than conventional modules, but do not suffer from some critical drawbacks of other thin-film technologies, such as limited supply of basic materials or toxicity of the components. Amorphous Si technology is the oldest and best established thin-film silicon technology. Amorphous silicon is deposited at low temperature with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). In spite of the fundamental limitation
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13

Jia-Yan, LI, CAI Min, WU Xiao-Wei, and TAN Yi. "Recycling Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells." Journal of Inorganic Materials 33, no. 9 (2018): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.15541/jim20170547.

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14

Neuhaus, Dirk-Holger, and Adolf Münzer. "Industrial Silicon Wafer Solar Cells." Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (April 13, 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/24521.

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In 2006, around 86% of all wafer-based silicon solar cells were produced using screen printing to form the silver front and aluminium rear contacts and chemical vapour deposition to grow silicon nitride as the antireflection coating onto the front surface. This paper reviews this dominant solar cell technology looking into state-of-the-art equipment and corresponding processes for each process step. The main efficiency losses of this type of solar cell are analyzed to demonstrate the future efficiency potential of this technology. In research and development, more various advanced solar cell c
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15

Stelzner, Th, M. Pietsch, G. Andrä, F. Falk, E. Ose, and S. Christiansen. "Silicon nanowire-based solar cells." Nanotechnology 19, no. 29 (June 10, 2008): 295203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/29/295203.

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16

Schmidt, J., K. Bothe, D. Macdonald, J. Adey, R. Jones, and D. W. Palmer. "Electronically stimulated degradation of silicon solar cells." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0012.

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Carrier lifetime degradation in crystalline silicon solar cells under illumination with white light is a frequently observed phenomenon. Two main causes of such degradation effects have been identified in the past, both of them being electronically driven and both related to the most common acceptor element, boron, in silicon: (i) the dissociation of iron-boron pairs and (ii) the formation of recombination-active boron-oxygen complexes. While the first mechanism is particularly relevant in metal-contaminated solar-grade multicrystalline silicon materials, the latter process is important in mon
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17

Möller, H. J., C. Funke, M. Rinio, and S. Scholz. "Multicrystalline silicon for solar cells." Thin Solid Films 487, no. 1-2 (September 2005): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.01.061.

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18

Um, Han-Don, Kangmin Lee, Inchan Hwang, Jeonghwan Park, Deokjae Choi, Namwoo Kim, Hyungwoo Kim, and Kwanyong Seo. "Progress in silicon microwire solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 11 (2020): 5395–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12792e.

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19

Cavallo, Carmen, Francesco Di Pascasio, Alessandro Latini, Matteo Bonomo, and Danilo Dini. "Nanostructured Semiconductor Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5323164.

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Since O’Regan and Grätzel’s first report in 1991, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) appeared immediately as a promising low-cost photovoltaic technology. In fact, though being far less efficient than conventional silicon-based photovoltaics (being the maximum, lab scale prototype reported efficiency around 13%), the simple design of the device and the absence of the strict and expensive manufacturing processes needed for conventional photovoltaics make them attractive in small-power applications especially in low-light conditions, where they outperform their silicon counterparts. Nanomaterial
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20

Chebotarev, S. N., A. S. Pashchenko, and D. A. Arustamyan. "Microcrystalline and Amorphous Photovoltaic Silicon Materials Performance Optimization." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.74.

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A design of a thin-film solar cell based on microcrystalline and amorphous silicon α-Si:H(n-i-p)/μс-Si:O(n-i-p)/μс-Si:H(n-i-p) was proposed. A physical model and software to calculate the functional characteristics of these solar cells were developed. The numerical simulation results show that the efficiency of the optimized thin-film solar cells may reach up to 16.3 %, open circuit voltage 1.96 V, fill factor 78 %. Improved performance of the non-crystalline solar cell is achieved by an increase in absorbance in the visible range 500 – 800 nm to 40 – 60 % and in the near-infrared range of the
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21

Schropp, Ruud E. I., Reinhard Carius, and Guy Beaucarne. "Amorphous Silicon, Microcrystalline Silicon, and Thin-Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 3 (March 2007): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.25.

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AbstractThin-film solar cell technologies based on Si with a thickness of less than a few micrometers combine the low-cost potential of thin-film technologies with the advantages of Si as an abundantly available element in the earth's crust and a readily manufacturable material for photovoltaics (PVs). In recent years, several technologies have been developed that promise to take the performance of thin-film silicon PVs well beyond that of the currently established amorphous Si PV technology. Thin-film silicon, like no other thin-film material, is very effective in tandem and triple-junction s
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22

Xiao, Shaoqing, and Shuyan Xu. "High-Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells—Materials and Devices Physics." Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences 39, no. 4 (April 15, 2014): 277–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2013.834245.

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23

Martinelli, G. "Crystalline Silicon for Solar Cells." Solid State Phenomena 32-33 (December 1993): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.32-33.21.

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24

Kittler, Martin, and Wolfgang Koch. "Crystalline Silicon for Solar Cells." Solid State Phenomena 82-84 (November 2001): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.82-84.695.

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25

Kalejs, Juris P. "Silicon Ribbons for Solar Cells." Solid State Phenomena 95-96 (September 2003): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.95-96.159.

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26

Zheng, Peiting, Fiacre Emile Rougieux, Xinyu Zhang, Julien Degoulange, Roland Einhaus, Pascal Rivat, and Daniel H. Macdonald. "21.1% UMG Silicon Solar Cells." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2016.2616192.

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27

Punathil, Lineesh, K. Mohanasundaram, K. S. Tamilselavan, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, and Ali J. Chamkha. "Recovery of Pure Silicon and Other Materials from Disposed Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (April 16, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530213.

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The disposal of used photovoltaic panels is increasing day by day around the world. Therefore, an efficient method for recycling disposed photovoltaic panel is required to decrease environmental pollution. This work is aimed at efficiently recovering pure silicon and other materials such as aluminium, silver, and lead from disposed solar cells using chemical treatments. Earlier, the pure silicon was recovered by treating the solar cells with hydrofluoric acid or mixture of hydrofluoric acid and other chemicals. The usage of hydrofluoric acid is eliminated in the present work as it is highly to
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28

Donaldson, Laurie. "Silicon nanoparticles help improve solar cells." Materials Today 21, no. 10 (December 2018): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2018.10.031.

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29

Verhoef, L. A., P.-P. Michiels, S. Roorda, W. C. Sinke, and R. J. C. Van Zolingen. "Gettering in polycrystalline silicon solar cells." Materials Science and Engineering: B 7, no. 1-2 (September 1990): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(90)90009-z.

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30

Mauk, Michael G. "Silicon solar cells: Physical metallurgy principles." JOM 55, no. 5 (May 2003): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-003-0244-2.

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31

Yang, Hong, He Wang, and Dingyue Cao. "Investigation of soldering for crystalline silicon solar cells." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 28, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-04-2015-0015.

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Purpose Tabbing and stringing are the critical process for crystalline silicon solar module production. Because of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between silicon and metal, phenomenon of cell bowing, microcracks formation or cell breakage emerge during the soldering process. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of soldering on crystalline silicon solar cells and module, and reveal soldering law so as to decrease the breakage rates and improve reliability for crystalline silicon solar module. Design/methodology/approach A microscopic model of the soldering
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32

Wenham, S. R., C. B. Honsberg, and M. A. Green. "Buried contact silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 34, no. 1-4 (September 1994): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90029-9.

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33

Willeke, G. P. "Thin crystalline silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 72, no. 1-4 (April 2002): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(01)00164-7.

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34

Koynov, Svetoslav, Martin S. Brandt, and Martin Stutzmann. "Black multi-crystalline silicon solar cells." physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters 1, no. 2 (March 2007): R53—R55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.200600064.

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35

Glunz, S. W. "High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (August 28, 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/97370.

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The current cost distribution of a crystalline silicon PV module is clearly dominated by material costs, especially by the costs of the silicon wafer. Therefore cell designs that allow the use of thinner wafers and the increase of energy conversion efficiency are of special interest to the PV industry. This article gives an overview of the most critical issues to achieve this aim and of the recent activities at Fraunhofer ISE and other institutes.
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36

Wenham, Stuart. "Buried-contact silicon solar cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 1, no. 1 (January 1993): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670010102.

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37

Zdravkovic, Milos, Aleksandra Vasic, Radovan Radosavljevic, Milos Vujisic, and Predrag Osmokrovic. "Influence of radiation on the properties of solar cells." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 26, no. 2 (2011): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1102158z.

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The wide substitution of conventional types of energy by solar energy lies in the rate of developing solar cell technology. Silicon is still the mostly used element for solar cell production, so efforts are directed to the improvement of physical properties of silicon structures. There are several trends in the development of solar cells, but mainly two directions are indicated: the improvement of the conventional solar cell characteristics based on semiconductor materials, and exploring the possibilities of using some new materials. The aim of this paper is to present some different approache
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38

Yusoff, A. R. M., M. N. Syahrul, and K. Henkel. "Film adhesion in amorphous silicon solar cells." Bulletin of Materials Science 30, no. 4 (August 2007): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-007-0054-1.

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39

Bandopadhyay, S., U. Gangopadhyay, K. Mukhopadhyay, H. Saha, and A. P. Chatterjee. "Nickel silicide contact for silicon solar cells." Bulletin of Materials Science 15, no. 5 (August 1992): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745298.

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40

Li, Deyang, Hans Ågren, and Guanying Chen. "Near infrared harvesting dye-sensitized solar cells enabled by rare-earth upconversion materials." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 26 (2018): 8526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04461e.

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41

Pudasaini, Pushpa Raj, and Arturo A. Ayon. "Nanostructured plasmonics silicon solar cells." Microelectronic Engineering 110 (October 2013): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2013.02.104.

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42

Yang, Hong, He Wang, and Minqiang Wang. "Investigation of the Relationship between Reverse Current of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Conduction of Bypass Diode." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/357218.

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In the process of crystalline silicon solar cells production, there exist some solar cells whose reverse current is larger than 1.0 A because of silicon materials and process. If such solar cells are encapsulated into solar modules, hot-spot phenomenon will emerge in use. In this paper, the effect of reverse current on reliability of crystalline silicon solar modules was investigated. Based on the experiments, considering the different shaded rate of cells, the relation between reverse current of crystalline silicon solar cells and conduction of bypass diode was investigated for the first time
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43

Yang, Yin Dong, Paul Wu, Jason Deng, Mansoor Barati, and Alex McLean. "Developments of Solar Cell Materials and Fabrication Technology and their Effects on Energy Conversion Efficiency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.293.

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This paper reviews the present status and future developments of solar cell materials for photovoltaic (PV) application. The solar cell made from different materials, such as silicon with different structures, cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide GaAs), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) and polymers are compared in theoretical ability, energy conversion efficiency, production and maintenance costs as well as environmental effects. Several important strategies to improve energy efficiency, such as anti-reflective coating (ARC), multi-junction concentrator and black silicon technique
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44

Zhu, Xiao Ning, Hong Liang Zhu, De Wei Liu, Yong Guang Huang, Xi Yuan Wang, Hai Juan Yu, Shuai Wang, Xue Chun Lin, and Pei De Han. "Picosecond Laser Microstructuring for Black Silicon Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.217.

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Sulfur-doping and broad band absorptive black silicon materials were fabricated by picosecond laser irradiation. Two kinds of microstructures, laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) and conical spikes were obtained by changing parameters of laser scanning. Black silicon solar cells with back surface field were explored. Influences of different rear side structures to devices were presented and conversion efficiency of 9% is available.
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45

Bilyalov, R. R., R. Lüdemann, W. Wettling, L. Stalmans, J. Poortmans, J. Nijs, L. Schirone, G. Sotgiu, S. Strehlke, and C. Lévy-Clément. "Multicrystalline silicon solar cells with porous silicon emitter." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 60, no. 4 (February 2000): 391–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(99)00102-6.

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46

Janßen, L., H. Windgassen, D. L. Bätzner, B. Bitnar, and H. Neuhaus. "Silicon nitride passivated bifacial Cz-silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93, no. 8 (August 2009): 1435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.03.015.

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47

MacQueen, Rowan W., Martin Liebhaber, Jens Niederhausen, Mathias Mews, Clemens Gersmann, Sara Jäckle, Klaus Jäger, et al. "Crystalline silicon solar cells with tetracene interlayers: the path to silicon-singlet fission heterojunction devices." Materials Horizons 5, no. 6 (2018): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8mh00853a.

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48

Duan, Jialong, Huihui Zhang, Qunwei Tang, Benlin He, and Liangmin Yu. "Recent advances in critical materials for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells: a review." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 34 (2015): 17497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03280f.

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Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) present promising cost-effective alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells due to their distinctive properties such as simplicity in fabrication, possibility to realize light absorption in wide solar spectrum regions, and theoretical conversion efficiency up to 44%.
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49

WANG, BAOMIN, TONGCHUAN GAO, and PAUL W. LEU. "COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOLAR CELLS." Nano LIFE 02, no. 02 (June 2012): 1230007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984411000517.

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Simulation methods are vital to the development of next-generation solar cells such as plasmonic, organic, nanophotonic, and semiconductor nanostructure solar cells. Simulations are predictive of material properties such that they may be used to rapidly screen new materials and understand the physical mechanisms of enhanced performance. They can be used to guide experiments or to help understand results obtained in experiments. In this paper, we review simulation methods for modeling the classical optical and electronic transport properties of nanostructured solar cells. We discuss different t
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50

Hamakawa, Y., W. Ma, and H. Okamoto. "Recent Progress in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells and Their Technologies." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 10 (October 1993): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400038276.

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A big barrier impeding the expansion of large-scale power generation by photovoltaic (PV) systems was the high price of solar cell modules, which was more than $50/Wp (peak watts) by 1974. Therefore, cost reduction of solar cells is of prime importance. To achieve this objective, tremendous R&amp;D efforts have been made over the past ten years in a wide variety of technical fields, from solar cell materials, cell structure, and mass production processes to photovoltaic systems. As a result, more than an order of magnitude in cost reduction has been achieved, and the module cost has come down
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