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Academic literature on the topic 'Silk Road in literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Silk Road in literature"

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Thees, Hannes. "Towards Local Sustainability of Mega Infrastructure: Reviewing Research on the New Silk Road." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 10612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410612.

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The Belt and Road Initiative is the leading project in the regions along the ancient Silk Road. This aims to revive the New Silk Road (NSR) as a transnational space towards an era of new regional integration and globalization. Despite the potential economic effects on a global scale, local sustainability remains questionable. Building upon the central engagement in infrastructure improvements, this article aims to investigate the role of local sustainability in research along the New Silk Road. Starting with 597 scientific articles, this article conducts a systematic literature review on four levels of concretization to characterize the research field of the New Silk Road, and to develop in-depth insights systematically. The results reveal a research focus on economic growth, which is lacking in environmental considerations and especially the socio-cultural dimension of sustainability on a local scale. Future directions in local sustainability should therefore include local stakeholders to build a joint understanding of sustainability by recognizing the characteristics of regionalism upon which manifold local support of mega infrastructure can evolve. Given these findings, the New Silk Road emerges as a field of study that calls for interdisciplinary research on different spatial levels.

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In Uk, Kang, Kim Jihon, and Aigerim Aitbayeva. "Contemporary Status of Archaeological Research on Silk Road in Central Asia and Korea and A.N. Bernshtam’s Researches." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, no. 36 (June 25, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.2.36.8.17.

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This paper proposes three measures for a new archaeological study on the Silk Road. First, a systematic understanding is required for the archaeological achievements on the Silk Road made during the Soviet Era before the 1990s. Nowadays, many scholars in East Asia, including South Korea, rely on literature written mainly in English to study and understand the Silk Road. However, the Silk Road’s archaeological excavations were mostly made before the 1990s, that is, they were not well known in South Korea and the West. Therefore, a systematic understanding of those achievements can be the basis of new international research. Bernshtam’s achievements representing the studies until the 1960s are good examples. They have recently led to the joint publication of an art catalog on South Korea and Kazakhstan’s gold culture. Second, we should move away from the narrow nationalism advocated by nowindependent countries and pursue the research at the international level. The real value of the Silk Road should lie in finding common ground beyond borders and ideology. Thus, it is necessary to understand the research trends in individual countries, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Russia. The Asian Archaeology conference held annually by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage of South Korea is one of excellent examples of such an effort. Finally, archaeological research on the Silk Road should move forward not just as an academic pursuit but also as a means of global cultural cooperation. In this regard, active collaboration with international organizations, such as UNESCO, is crucial. As such, if these three aspects are considered together, the international archaeological research on the Silk Road led by South Korea in the new phase of the 21st century will contribute to the Silk Road research in the new era.

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Hanusik, Andrzej, and Anna Woźnica. "Strategic analysis for Poland as a European hub for Belt and Road Initiative." Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.05.

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Aim/purpose – This paper aims at determining the role of Poland in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and identifying an alternative course of the trail. However, there are still many variables that can significantly affect the extent of Poland’s participation in BRI. Design/methodology/approach – The paper was based on a literature query and inter- views with six experts of the Polish logistics environment closely connected to the con- cept of the New Silk Road. The interviews and the literature analysis allowed of the authors to define potential scenarios for the course of the New Silk Road. In addition, the SWOT analysis was used to identify the Poland’s role in BRI. Findings – The most important factors that can significantly contribute to Poland’s par- ticipation in BRI are a very convenient geographical location and a strong logistics sec- tor, whereas the main negative factors are the ambivalent attitude of the Polish author i- ties towards the Chinese party and the underdeveloped modern railway infrastructure. The study identified some potential scenarios for the route of the New Silk Road, i.e., Poland as a European hub, transit only, southern road and northern road (ro-ro neigh- bors). The first scenario is the most favorable for Poland – Poland as a European hub. This is due to the current course of the New Silk Road and the location of Poland on the most economically effective transport corridor. Research implications/limitations – The research findings allow for a relatively precise definition of possible scenarios of the BRI Northern Corridor through areas directly related to Poland. The results may contribute to raising knowledge and awareness about BRI, which may provide insights into an academic and social debate on this topic. The upshot is that the results may entail actual activities contributing to increasing the chances of Poland for being a European hub gate for BRI. Originality/value/contribution – Previous publications explored various route alterna- tives of the entire New Silk Road, whereas there was no analysis of the last stage of the transport corridor on which Poland lies. The paper is a response to this research gap. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, New Silk Road, Northern Corridor, logistics, inter- national trade. JEL Classification: E27, E61, F15

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Maró, Zalán Márk, Attila Jámbor, and Áron Török. "Possible routes of the chinese new silk road - can the V4 countries benefit?" Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 8, no. 1-2 (May 26, 2019): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2019.1-2.168-174.

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The Ancient Silk Road was created 2100 years ago during the Han Dynasty (I-II century BC) to promote trade between China and Europe. The road was more than 7,000 km long and served as a catalyst for development for many centuries. After the 15th century, the Silk Road – and, at the same time, China's dominant role – lost its significance due to geographical discoveries. The dramatic fall in technology and the cost of transportation has led to the Silk Road being forgotten today. The New Silk Road Initiative (also named ‘One Belt, One Road’ concept) has been China's greatest economic effort ever, with the main objective of stimulating economic development in Asia, Europe and Africa. It consists of two parts: the Belt will rely on major cities along the route that will carry some kind of central economic and commercial functions; while the Road is based on large ports, which together will result in a safe and efficient logistics route.The concept would affect 64% of the world's population (4.4 billion people) and would cover 30% of the world's GDP ($ 21 trillion). In recent years, China's economic growth has slowed down, and Chinese goods have become more and more expensive to rely on their main competitive advantage, the low price. This trend points to the need to examine the possibilities of making the transport of goods more efficient. Asia-Europe rail trade accounts for between 3% and 3.5% of total trade between the continents. It follows that 95-96% of the trade between the two continents is carried out at sea. The exact routes of the New Silk Road Initiative have not yet been fully defined but will consist of several land and sea transport routes. We made a systematic literature review to identify the possible paths of the New Silk Road. The initial search obtained 1.739 entries across all databases, which ended up in 49 relevant publications, but in this study we used only 17 publications due to the specificity of the topicAccording to the majority of the literature, the New Silk Road would consist of three general land routes. The first land route from China to Central Asia and Russia would reach Europe through the Baltic Sea. The second route would run through Central-, West Asia, the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean and Central Europe. This route would affect the V4 countries, especially Hungary. The third route would run through Southeast and South Asia to the Indian Ocean. The Maritime Silk Road would start from the coasts of China through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean to Africa and Europe; as well as from the Chinese coastal ports through the South China Sea to the Pacific Ocean.

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Karimyan, Maedeh. "The educational-mystical role of intermediate centers (Ribat) along the Silk Road from China to Iran El rol educativo-místico de los centros intermedios (Ribats) a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda de China a Irán." Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 5, no. 24 (June 30, 2020): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v5i24.659.

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The silk road path to the northern part from China to Europe and from southern paths to lateral paths of Iran- Mesopotamia to Antioch and Mediterranean, had been the place of construction the historical monuments and works such as castles, towers, mills, graves, and intercity Ribats. Sufi Ribats as the mystical orientation and educational centers had a special place in the Silk Road, these intermediate buildings are buildings that functioned militarily in the first centuries of Islam (8th, 9th, and 10th centuries AD), and over time have been used to mean monasteries. The architectural style of the Ribats was similar to that of a military castle, and most of them consisted of a rectangular building with four watchtowers. Examining the Ribats of the Silk Road, it will become clear that the architectural form and plan of the Ribats are very similar to those of religious schools and Caravanserais. The Sufi historians and researchers have recorded many reports over these Ribats, have investigated the introduction, application, and position of Ribats in detail and have left fairly invaluable information to the futures. In this regard, the historical books and Sufi educational books and mystical literature are endowed with reports over intra-city and intercity Ribats built mainly on the way of main paths, particularly the main path of the Silk Road and its lateral ways. In this article, these Ribats have been described in detail as well as their role on the Silk Road.

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Blestri Jasuma, Nanda, and Arie Kusuma Paksi. "China's Digital Silk Road: The Loss for Indonesia." Nation State: Journal of International Studies 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.v4i1.513.

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One of China’s great projects in the current digital era, namely the Digital Silk Road (DSR) project, merits an examination from a Gramscian lens. While liberals are talking about how this project can beneficially the partner’s country, Gramsci’s thought can provide the other perspective in understanding how this project can give unexpected costs for the partner country. As the biggest market in Southeast Asia’s country, Indonesia is worth the attention related to this issue as this country has become one of the strategic partners of China’s DSR. However, DSR is offering both economic benefits and multi-faceted costs simultaneously for Indonesia. Hence, this study argues that the DSR project, in Gramsci lens, is giving a push for China to spread its hegemony and take over the domination in the Indonesian economy. This study is supported by the qualitative research method with the data is collected through secondary data and literature review.

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Chin, Tamara T. "The Afro-Asian Silk Road: Chinese Experiments in Postcolonial Premodernity." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 136, no. 1 (January 2021): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812920000061.

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AbstractThis essay approaches the Silk Road as a modern narrative of China's connected past, rather than as a historical fact. The Chinese termSilk Road(sichou zhi lu; 丝绸之路) first gained currency after the 1955 Afro-Asian Conference in Bandung as part of the lexicon of anticolonial solidarity. During the Cold War, China's Afro-Asian Silk Road, different from the West's Europe-Asia Silk Road, prompted new interest in the linguistic dimension of connected history. Language contact traditionally held limited significance in European and Chinese philology because linguistic divisions were understood in terms of nation or language family. For Afro-Asian scholars and writers, however, precolonial language contact became a portent of postcolonial exchange. They shifted attention from genetic word roots to historical routes (e.g., loanwords). Within a longer history of what I call “contact philology,” China's short-lived collaborations refashioned the Orient as Afro-Asia and presented an (unfinished) critique of the tropes with which we narrate the connected past.

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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "Venez. seda ardass / seda ardasina." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0047.

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Abstract The terms seda ardass and seda ardasina ‘variety of silk’ frequently appear in the letters of the Venetian merchant Andrea Berengo written in 1555/1556. The etymon is not Persian ārdan ‘raw silk’, but the name of the city of Ağdaş / Aġdaš (with the nisba adjective aġdašī) in central Azerbaijan which was located on the Silk Road and is still known in modern times for its silk production.

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Alon, Ilan, Shan Chen, and Marco Mandolfo. "Supply chain – marketing integration." Business Process Management Journal 25, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-04-2018-0106.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss China’s New Silk Road initiative as an opportunity for European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to export to Chinese market. It offers research propositions on redefining the business process of European SMEs and Chinese importers in light of the initiative.Design/methodology/approachSMEs’ export barriers, particularly in SCM and marketing, are identified through literature review. Then they are discussed in accordance with the measures that New Silk Road proposed.FindingsLogistic infrastructure development under the New Silk Road significantly lowers the supply chain barrier. Marketing remains a challenge for European SMEs to export to China. This paper argues that the European SMEs and the Chinese importers should create closer collaboration, expand their relationship beyond SCM, and integrate their marketing efforts for mutual benefits.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral future research areas are proposed in this paper. The authors invite researchers and practitioners to deepen the discussion with empirical evidence.Practical implicationsThe New Silk Road has already become a high stake project for many countries involved. Many measures are yet to be defined and the stakeholders, including industries and businesses, should have an influence on their definition. This paper provides the authors’ viewpoints on how businesses should act in this initiative.Originality/valueDespite being an important topic of the world’s economy in the recent years, the New Silk Road initiative has rarely been studied in management research, possibly due to lack of evidence. As its development significantly sped up since 2017, it is high time that the research community starts to contribute to the knowledge building in this project. This paper is among the firsts to call for and to propose avenues for future research efforts.

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Xu, Bowen. "Understanding Education on China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Cultural Political Economy Approach." Beijing International Review of Education 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25902539-03010005.

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Abstract The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (bri) is a state-driven development campaign that promote economic integration and infrastructure building across Eurasia and beyond, aiming to reconnect countries and revive the prosperity of the historical Silk Road region. Since its inception in 2013, there has been a growing literature surrounding the initiative, yet the studies of education within the bri context remain relatively under-researched. This paper aims to explore such connection by undertaking the task through a combination of policy review, semi-structured interviews, and empirical fieldwork data. It adopts a Cultural Political Economy theoretical framework to analyzes how education policy and practice has been positioned, constructed, and coordinated in relation to the wider cultural political economy in assisting the bri planning and development. Against the background of China’s resurgence as a global power and its ambition in reinvigorating the Silk Road, I argue that the strategic positioning of education into the bri represents a constructive force in imagining, empowering, and materializing the New Silk Road Project. This reveals education and its multifaced properties in promoting cultural outreach, fulfilling political obligation, and accelerating economic growth in line with the overall bri building.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silk Road in literature"

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DeFalco, Daphne Li-mei. "The Silk Road in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1442141.

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Wahlberg, Scott Andrea. "Promoting digital authoritarianism : A study of China’s Digital Silk Road." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37656.

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China’s influence is increasing steadily in all corners of the world. One of China’s foreign policy goals is to become a technological superpower by 2025. An important part of that goal is the Digital Silk Road (DSR), a sub-project to China’s massive infrastructure project, the Belt and Road Initiative. The DSR is on one hand contributing to positive technological developments, especially in developing countries. But on the other hand, it has gotten substantial criticism for being a front for spreading China’s digital authoritarian model and for giving authoritarian regimes the tools to effectively repress citizens and violate human rights. The aim of this study is twofold. The first aim is to examine and map out how China might be promoting autocracy through the DSR, this will contribute to a deeper empirical understanding. The second aim is to give a theoretical contribution by categorizing autocracy promotion and testing the value of active and passive autocracy promotion in relation to China and the DSR. To conduct the analysis, I will draw on literature about autocracy promotion and digital authoritarianism. The existing literature is divided on whether or not China is promoting autocracy, and I will thus be arguing that technological advances, and the DSR, makes it problematic to claim that China is not engaged in autocracy promotion. Therefore, I seek to contribute to the existing literature. The results show that China is in fact involved in autocracy promotion through the different DSR projects. It also shows that China’s support, in some cases, have been crucial in providing authoritarian regimes with repressive technologies. The results also indicate that promoting autocracy might not be an outspoken goal or strategy from China, but rather an unintended consequence when trying to reach domestic political and economic goals.

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Kariyawasam, Rohan. "International economic law and the digital divide : a new silk road?" Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2683.

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The failure of the trade negotiations at Seattle, and the collapse of the negotiations at Doha have bought increased attention to the issue of development, aid, and the implementation of special and differential rights in favour of developing countries. This thesis looks to examine one aspect of the many issues facing developed and developing countries in the negotiations that lie ahead, specifically how international economic law can be used in the application of technological processes to help address the Digital Divide. At present, there is an emphasis on development and the needs of developing countries, and that such development needs to be sustainable. Research reviewed in Chapter 2 indicates that growing information technology levels leads to growth of GDP. Importantly the use of ICT‘s will foster growth in the trade of electronic goods and services (electronic intangibles). By making positive attempts to reduce the Digital Divide, DCs and LDCs will be in a better position to access the necessary ICTs required to help grow GDP and facilitate sustainable development. The thesis sets out various measures to help reduce the digital divide and founded in international economic law. Central to the thesis is a new Layering Theory that the Author argues will assist operators (both incumbents and Independent Service Providers) in the developing world to gain access to international backbone Internet networks at cost price, one of the main impediments to reducing the international digital divide. The Layering Theory sets out a procedure for accurately identifying the relevant market for providers of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and services so that those operators who abuse their dominance by refusing to supply an interconnection service or access to a digital network can be compelled to interconnect their networks to those smaller domestic or third country Internet Service Providers (ISP) operators who require access. By gaining access/interconnection in this way, operators in DCs and LDCs will be in a much better position to take advantage of cheaper production costs to export electronic intangibles overseas. Also, the thesis sets out recommendations for reform of international telecommunications, new provisions on technology transfer to help DCs and LDCs access the ICTs needed to address the Digital Divide, including provisions on technology transfer found in the increasing take-up of bilateral and regional trade agreements—and if there is to be free trade in e-commerce—recommendations for reform of current WTO rules on the classification of electronic goods and services. However, the thesis also argues that the digital divide cannot be addressed without strengthening the human capital base in developing and least developed countries, and that this cannot happen without such states also giving greater effect to the enforcement of civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights ―at home‖. The thesis asks whether it is possible to define a relationship in IEL between civil and political, and economic social and cultural rights as a collective for example in the form of the much debated and somewhat controversial Right to Development (the ―RTD‖ as defined in this thesis) on the one hand, with economic indicators, such Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the other? And if so, how the RTD can be operationalised.

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Luo, Xin. "The New Silk Road : Swedish Apparel Companies’ Challenges in China’s Market." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-9861.

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Background and problem: As one of the major emerging markets, China has alarge population, stable growth in GDP and increased consumer spending powerwhich has attracted the whole world’s retail business. Many international clothingbrands have increased investment or speeded up the pace into the China’s market (Chen et al., 2007; Cui 2000).However, because of the differences in economy, policy and culture, it sometimesresults in difficulties in meeting standards and accessing the market with effectivestrategies (Cui, 2000). Numbers of clothing brands have been found not reach theChinese standards of textile and apparel. These problems force the brandswithdraw their substandard products from shelves, pay fines, and exposed by themedia, therefore the brands suffer not only economic losses, but also the damageof their images and reputations.The identified problem corresponds to two research questions:• What are the main challenges for apparel companies to conform withChinese standards?• How have the Swedish textiles retail companies responded to thesestandards?Methodology: A qualitative research approach was taken to collect relevant data.In the first phase, literature review was used to collect information related topicsof the thesis. Because this paper was addressed on China’s market as the focus ofthe investigation, both China’s and Swedish academic databases were utilized. Inthe second phase, the author developed the work by doing an interview withKlaus Ziegler, the founder and owner of the Quality Partnership LLC in China; anin-depth international laboratory located in China identified the impact of theChina’s standards and regulations and two email interviews with the managers oftwo Swedish apparel retail companies. Moreover, few informal interviews withprofessors in the Swedish School of Textiles and experts from Business Swedenwere made to reach better understanding of thesis topic.Conclusions: Findings provide insight on Chinese highly growing standardsregarding quality and service; International exporters face a lack of understandingof these standards in China’s textile market; The research of two retail companiesindicate that the companies can conduct better conformity of Chinese standards bysetting specific requirements to control the production, paying attention tolabeling related rules, cooperating with developed export agents, professionalthird-party laboratory, and so on.

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Nedoluzhko, Lesia. "Demographic Journeys along the Silk Road : Marriage, Childbearing, and Migration in Kyrgyzstan." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75723.

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This thesis contributes to the limited demographic literature on Central Asia – the region through which led the great Silk Road – an ancient route of trade and cultural exchange between East and West. We focus on Kyrgyzstan and countries in its immediate neighborhood: Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. We analyze the dynamic interplay between marriage, childbearing, and migration, and examine fertility intentions and intentions to migrate as predictors of demographic outcomes. The thesis consists of four co-authored and one single-authored paper connected through a common theme of ethno-cultural differences in demographic behavior. In the first three studies, we explore the link between migration and family formation. We demonstrate that increased fertility of recent migrants is attributable to marriage-related resettlements. In paper four, we provide an analysis of intentions to move abroad. Our results suggest that ethnicity plays a significant role, independent of other factors, in determining migration plans and preferences, and detect ethnic-specific effects of marriage, childbearing, and social capital on the inclination to migrate. In paper five, we compare the fertility and fertility intentions of ethnic majority and minority groups in three neighboring countries of the region. We explain fertility differentials between ethnic groups in terms of the combined effects of their status in society, country-level differences in institutional settings, and historical and cultural factors.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Stevens, Daniel John. "Conceptual travels along the Silk Road : on civil society aid in Uzbekistan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412926.

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Dumlao, Roberto C. "China's maritime silk road to oil : influence in the Middle East through naval modernization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FDumlao.pdf.

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SEIXAS, EDUARDO PALMA DE. "CHINA AND REALISM: THE SILK ROAD AS A PROJECT OF POWER CONSOLIDATION AND PROJECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34054@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O vertiginoso crescimento econômico da China das últimas décadas estabeleceu o país como uma das grandes potências de primeira grandeza do sistema internacional. Mesmo com a redução do ritmo do crescimento, estima-se que a China em breve se tornará a maior economia do mundo. O registro histórico indica que a ascensão econômica da China será acompanhada por sua ascensão política e militar. Conforme a teoria do realismo ofensivo, a China buscará ampliar sua esfera de influência sobre seu entorno geográfico com o intuito de estabelecer uma hegemonia regional. Essa dissertação irá argumentar que a iniciativa One Belt, One Road (OBOR) é a principal ferramenta das autoridades em Pequim para estabelecer uma hegemonia chinesa sobre a Eurásia. Por meio do investimento em infraestrutura no grande continente, a China irá criar uma rede de transporte terrestre e marítima que garantirá ao país acesso às principais rotas comerciais e energéticas da Eurásia, reduzindo sua vulnerabilidade no que diz respeito ao escoamento de suas exportações e ao acesso às importações de matérias primas. Argumenta-se que a OBOR é uma estratégia de duas frentes, simultaneamente baseada nas teorias de poder terrestre e poder naval, conforme os ensinamentos de Halford J. Mackinder e Alfred T. Mahan, respectivamente. Por fim, a posição dos Estados Unidos - os principais defensores da manutenção da atual distribuição de poder -, e das grandes potências vizinhas à China serão analisadas, pois a contínua expansão dos interesses internacionais da China está criando atritos ainda longe de serem resolvidos, particularmente na Ásia Central, no mar da China Meridional e no mar da China Oriental.
China s breakneck economic growth in the last decades has established the country as a great power of the first rank in the international system. Even with a slowdown in the rate of growth, it is widely believed that China will soon become the largest economy in the world. History suggests that China s economic rise will be followed by its political and military rise as well. According to the theory of offensive realism, China will seek to broaden its sphere of influence as it tries to establish a regional hegemony. This dissertation will defend that the One Belt, One Road initiative (OBOR) is the main tool at Beijing s disposal for the establishment of Chinese hegemony over Eurasia. By investing in infrastructure throughout the great landmass, China will create a land and sea transport network that will guarantee the country access to Eurasia s main trade and energy routes, reducing China s vulnerability with regards to the outflow of its exports and to the inflow of raw materials. The argument here presented is that the OBOR is a two-pronged strategy, simultaneously based on the theories of land power and sea power, according to the teachings of Halford J. Mackinder and Alfred T. Mahan, respectively. Lastly, the position of the United States, the main defenders of the present-day distribution of power, and those of the great powers that neighbor China will be analyzed, given that the continued expansion of China s international interests is creating tensions still far from being resolved, particularly in Central Asia, the South China Sea and the East China Sea.

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Wang, Helen. "Money on the Silk Road : the evidence from eastern Central Asia to c.AD 800." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289851.

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Pepper, France A. (France Allison). "The thousand buddha motif : a visual chant in buddhist cave-temples along the silk road." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23351.

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As early as the fifth century C.E., the thousand buddha motif had become a prevalent feature in the art of many cave-temples in Gansu, China. Past scholarship concentrated on tracing the textual sources of the motif and with relating it to the practices associated with the devotion to the three thousand buddhas of the three ages. Past research has not considered how the thousand buddhas may have been a reflection of a wider range of religious practices and popular beliefs nor has it explored the motif's artistic origin.
By demonstrating that the earliest examples of the two-dimensional painted form of the thousand buddhas came from Gansu and that the motif was related to an iconographic and architectural design that existed between several Gansu cave-temple sites, this study proposes that the thousand buddha motif was a Gansu cave-temple art innovation that influenced cave-temple decor in areas west of Gansu. In addition, possible reasons for the prevalence of the motif are suggested by considering that it may have reflected the relationship between the thousand buddhas and meditative practices as well as the acts of chanting and circumambulation.

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Books on the topic "Silk Road in literature"

1

The Silk Road. Sydney, N.S.W: Weldon Owen, 2008.

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Li, Xiao, ed. Non-Han Literature Along the Silk Road. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9644-1.

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Jaya's golden necklace: A Silk Road tale. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2015.

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Marco Polo's travels on Asia's Silk Road. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2007.

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Major, John S. Caravan to America: Living arts of the Silk Road. Chicago: Cricket Books, 2002.

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Along the Silk Road, History, Literature, and Culture in China (2010 Renison University College). Along the Silk Road: Essays on history, literature, and culture in China. Kitchener, Ont: Pandora Press, 2010.

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1969-, Cann Helen, ed. We're riding on a caravan: An adventure on the Silk Road. Bath: Barefoot, 2007.

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Sea of silk: A textile geography of women's work in medieval French literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.

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Conrad, Walters, ed. Journeys on the Silk Road: A desert explorer, Buddha's secret library, and the unearthing of the world's oldest printed book. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press, 2012.

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Wood, Frances. The silk road. London: The Folio Society, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Silk Road in literature"

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Lorenz, Manfred. "Gappo Bajew und die ossetische Literatur." In Silk Road Studies, 153–57. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00135.

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Gontika, Tatiana. "Silk Road." In The One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative and the Port of Piraeus, 27–34. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196310-4.

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Xiujun, Xu. "Silk Road Fund." In Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road, 294–99. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429203039-54.

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Zhu, Jinzy. "Silk Road Revisited." In China Cloud Rising, 3–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53745-5_1.

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Jiang, Jingkui. "Silk Road Cultures and the Silk Road Economic Belt." In China's Global Rebalancing and the New Silk Road, 15–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5972-8_2.

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Lieu, Samuel. "From Iran to South China: The Eastward Passage of Manichaeism." In Silk Road Studies, 1–22. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00036.

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Cansdale, Lena. "Jews on the Silk Roads." In Silk Road Studies, 23–30. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00037.

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Benjamin, Craig. "An Introduction to Kushan Research." In Silk Road Studies, 31–49. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00038.

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Christian, David. "State Formation in the Inner Eurasian Steppes." In Silk Road Studies, 50–76. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00039.

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Helms, Svend. "Ancient Chorasmia: The Northern Edge of Central Asia from the 6th Century B.C. to the mid-4th Century A.D." In Silk Road Studies, 77–96. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00040.

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Conference papers on the topic "Silk Road in literature"

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"The history of the Silk Road and complex in contemporary China." In 2017 4th International Conference on Literature, Linguistics and Arts. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/iclla.2017.04.

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Zhang, Ge. "A Brief Analysis on the Study of Silk Road Non-Chinese Literature." In 4th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isss-18.2018.5.

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Bugarčić, Filip Ž., Daiva Jurevičienė, and Nenad Janković. "The new “Silk Road”: global aspect, EU position and economic role of Serbia." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.676.

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More active participation of China in the international economy has been recognized by European countries, trying to position their economies on the new “Silk Road” map to attract Chinese investments and increase trade volume. The paper presents previous researches and analyses the position, benefits and chances for EU and Serbia to derive positive economic effects from this initiative. The research purpose is to point out the impact of “Silk Road” on the Serbian economy. The main findings are highlighting the advantages and disadvantages using analysis of scientific literature and emphasising the increase in investments and trade volume of Serbia with China using statistical analysis for the period after the initiative started in 2013.

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Mao, Yuqing, Haifeng Shen, and Chengzheng Sun. "Online silk road." In the 2013 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441911.

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Wang, Xiang, Xiangnan He, Liqiang Nie, and Tat-Seng Chua. "Item Silk Road." In SIGIR '17: The 40th International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080771.

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Christin, Nicolas. "Traveling the silk road." In the 22nd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488408.

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Mao, Ning, and Michael McAleer. "Silk Road 4.0: Initiative Transformation for Chinese Silk Enterprise." In 2017 International Conference on Economics, Finance and Statistics (ICEFS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefs-17.2017.37.

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Lee, Eunjo, Jiyoung Woo, Hyoungshick Kim, and Huy Kang Kim. "No Silk Road for Online Gamers!" In the 2018 World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186177.

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Shigang, Yan. "China's Neighborhood Energy Cooperation Strategy Under the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Marine Silk Road." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Humanities, and Management. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/asshm-14.2014.66.

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Wenxia, Xu, Li Guodong, and Tu Jun. "Hail Prevention Model Design on "Silk Road"." In 2016 International Conference on Smart City and Systems Engineering (ICSCSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscse.2016.0103.

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Reports on the topic "Silk Road in literature"

1

Cui, Peng, Yu Lei, and Shengnan Wu. Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction. International Science Council, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24948/2019.08.

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Christin, Nicolas. Traveling the Silk Road: A Measurement of a Large Anonymous Online Marketplace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579383.

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Sucre, Carlos, Estefanía Marchán, and Ramón Espinasa. Financing the New Silk Road: Asian Investment in Latin America's Energy and Mineral Sectors. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000073.

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Espinasa, Ramón, Estefanía Marchán, and Carlos Sucre. The New Silk Road: Emerging Patterns in Asian-Latin American Trade for Energy & Minerals. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000018.

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Williams, Michael, Marcial Lamera, Aleksander Bauranov, Carole Voulgaris, and Anurag Pande. Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1925.

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Edge lane roads (ELRs), also known as advisory bike lanes or advisory shoulders, are a type of shared street where two-way motor vehicle (MV) traffic shares a single center lane, and edge lanes on either side are preferentially reserved for vulnerable road users (VRUs). This work comprises a literature review, an investigation of ELRs’ operational characteristics and potential road user interactions via simulation, and a study of crash data from existing American and Australian ELRs. The simulation evaluated the impact of various factors (e.g., speed, volume, directional split, etc.) on ELR operation. Results lay the foundation for a siting criterion. Current American siting guidance relies only upon daily traffic volume and speed—an approach that inaccurately models an ELR’s safety. To evaluate the safety of existing ELRs, crash data were collected from ELR installations in the US and Australia. For US installations, Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis resulted in an aggregate CMF of .56 for 11 installations observed over 8 years while serving more than 60 million vehicle trips. The data from the Australian State of Queensland involved rural one-lane, low-volume, higher-speed roads, functionally equivalent to ELRs. As motor vehicle volume grows, these roads are widened to two-lane facilities. While the authors observed low mean crash rates on the one-lane roads, analysis of recently converted (from one-lane to two-lane) facilities showed that several experienced fewer crashes than expected after conversion to two-lane roads.

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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck-Platoonable Pavement Sections in Illinois’ Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-002.

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Truck platooning has many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Literature shows that platooning improves safety and reduces fuel consumption between 5% and 15% based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Deployment of truck platooning within interstate highways would result in significant fuel savings, but may have a direct impact on flexible pavement performance. The channelization of the platoon and reduced rest time between consecutive loads would accelerate the damage accumulation at the channelized position. Ultimately, this would lead to pavement service life reduction and a subsequent increase in maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to quantify the effects of platooning on flexible pavements and provide guidelines for the state of Illinois by considering the aforementioned factors. Although the benefits of platooning are quantifiable, not every truck route is platoonable. For efficient platooning, trucks need to travel at a constant high speed for extended distances. The integrity of the platoon should be preserved because interfering vehicles would compromise the platooning benefits and road safety. An introduced high-level approach considers the volume/capacity of a roadway and the expected number of highway exit and entry conflicts. Using these parameters, each roadway section is assigned a level of platoonability, ranging from one to five—with five being the highest. A framework was developed to analyze the Illinois highway network. It was found that 89% of the network highway is platoonable under average capacity conditions.

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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, Md Al Adib Sarker, Pranesh Biswas, Sen Du, and Xianming Shi. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.

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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.

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