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DeFalco, Daphne Li-mei. "The Silk Road in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1442141.
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Wahlberg, Scott Andrea. "Promoting digital authoritarianism : A study of China’s Digital Silk Road." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37656.
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China’s influence is increasing steadily in all corners of the world. One of China’s foreign policy goals is to become a technological superpower by 2025. An important part of that goal is the Digital Silk Road (DSR), a sub-project to China’s massive infrastructure project, the Belt and Road Initiative. The DSR is on one hand contributing to positive technological developments, especially in developing countries. But on the other hand, it has gotten substantial criticism for being a front for spreading China’s digital authoritarian model and for giving authoritarian regimes the tools to effectively repress citizens and violate human rights. The aim of this study is twofold. The first aim is to examine and map out how China might be promoting autocracy through the DSR, this will contribute to a deeper empirical understanding. The second aim is to give a theoretical contribution by categorizing autocracy promotion and testing the value of active and passive autocracy promotion in relation to China and the DSR. To conduct the analysis, I will draw on literature about autocracy promotion and digital authoritarianism. The existing literature is divided on whether or not China is promoting autocracy, and I will thus be arguing that technological advances, and the DSR, makes it problematic to claim that China is not engaged in autocracy promotion. Therefore, I seek to contribute to the existing literature. The results show that China is in fact involved in autocracy promotion through the different DSR projects. It also shows that China’s support, in some cases, have been crucial in providing authoritarian regimes with repressive technologies. The results also indicate that promoting autocracy might not be an outspoken goal or strategy from China, but rather an unintended consequence when trying to reach domestic political and economic goals.
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Kariyawasam, Rohan. "International economic law and the digital divide : a new silk road?" Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2683.
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The failure of the trade negotiations at Seattle, and the collapse of the negotiations at Doha have bought increased attention to the issue of development, aid, and the implementation of special and differential rights in favour of developing countries. This thesis looks to examine one aspect of the many issues facing developed and developing countries in the negotiations that lie ahead, specifically how international economic law can be used in the application of technological processes to help address the Digital Divide. At present, there is an emphasis on development and the needs of developing countries, and that such development needs to be sustainable. Research reviewed in Chapter 2 indicates that growing information technology levels leads to growth of GDP. Importantly the use of ICT‘s will foster growth in the trade of electronic goods and services (electronic intangibles). By making positive attempts to reduce the Digital Divide, DCs and LDCs will be in a better position to access the necessary ICTs required to help grow GDP and facilitate sustainable development. The thesis sets out various measures to help reduce the digital divide and founded in international economic law. Central to the thesis is a new Layering Theory that the Author argues will assist operators (both incumbents and Independent Service Providers) in the developing world to gain access to international backbone Internet networks at cost price, one of the main impediments to reducing the international digital divide. The Layering Theory sets out a procedure for accurately identifying the relevant market for providers of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and services so that those operators who abuse their dominance by refusing to supply an interconnection service or access to a digital network can be compelled to interconnect their networks to those smaller domestic or third country Internet Service Providers (ISP) operators who require access. By gaining access/interconnection in this way, operators in DCs and LDCs will be in a much better position to take advantage of cheaper production costs to export electronic intangibles overseas. Also, the thesis sets out recommendations for reform of international telecommunications, new provisions on technology transfer to help DCs and LDCs access the ICTs needed to address the Digital Divide, including provisions on technology transfer found in the increasing take-up of bilateral and regional trade agreements—and if there is to be free trade in e-commerce—recommendations for reform of current WTO rules on the classification of electronic goods and services. However, the thesis also argues that the digital divide cannot be addressed without strengthening the human capital base in developing and least developed countries, and that this cannot happen without such states also giving greater effect to the enforcement of civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights ―at home‖. The thesis asks whether it is possible to define a relationship in IEL between civil and political, and economic social and cultural rights as a collective for example in the form of the much debated and somewhat controversial Right to Development (the ―RTD‖ as defined in this thesis) on the one hand, with economic indicators, such Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the other? And if so, how the RTD can be operationalised.
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Luo, Xin. "The New Silk Road : Swedish Apparel Companies’ Challenges in China’s Market." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-9861.
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Background and problem: As one of the major emerging markets, China has alarge population, stable growth in GDP and increased consumer spending powerwhich has attracted the whole world’s retail business. Many international clothingbrands have increased investment or speeded up the pace into the China’s market (Chen et al., 2007; Cui 2000).However, because of the differences in economy, policy and culture, it sometimesresults in difficulties in meeting standards and accessing the market with effectivestrategies (Cui, 2000). Numbers of clothing brands have been found not reach theChinese standards of textile and apparel. These problems force the brandswithdraw their substandard products from shelves, pay fines, and exposed by themedia, therefore the brands suffer not only economic losses, but also the damageof their images and reputations.The identified problem corresponds to two research questions:• What are the main challenges for apparel companies to conform withChinese standards?• How have the Swedish textiles retail companies responded to thesestandards?Methodology: A qualitative research approach was taken to collect relevant data.In the first phase, literature review was used to collect information related topicsof the thesis. Because this paper was addressed on China’s market as the focus ofthe investigation, both China’s and Swedish academic databases were utilized. Inthe second phase, the author developed the work by doing an interview withKlaus Ziegler, the founder and owner of the Quality Partnership LLC in China; anin-depth international laboratory located in China identified the impact of theChina’s standards and regulations and two email interviews with the managers oftwo Swedish apparel retail companies. Moreover, few informal interviews withprofessors in the Swedish School of Textiles and experts from Business Swedenwere made to reach better understanding of thesis topic.Conclusions: Findings provide insight on Chinese highly growing standardsregarding quality and service; International exporters face a lack of understandingof these standards in China’s textile market; The research of two retail companiesindicate that the companies can conduct better conformity of Chinese standards bysetting specific requirements to control the production, paying attention tolabeling related rules, cooperating with developed export agents, professionalthird-party laboratory, and so on.
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Nedoluzhko, Lesia. "Demographic Journeys along the Silk Road : Marriage, Childbearing, and Migration in Kyrgyzstan." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75723.
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This thesis contributes to the limited demographic literature on Central Asia – the region through which led the great Silk Road – an ancient route of trade and cultural exchange between East and West. We focus on Kyrgyzstan and countries in its immediate neighborhood: Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. We analyze the dynamic interplay between marriage, childbearing, and migration, and examine fertility intentions and intentions to migrate as predictors of demographic outcomes. The thesis consists of four co-authored and one single-authored paper connected through a common theme of ethno-cultural differences in demographic behavior. In the first three studies, we explore the link between migration and family formation. We demonstrate that increased fertility of recent migrants is attributable to marriage-related resettlements. In paper four, we provide an analysis of intentions to move abroad. Our results suggest that ethnicity plays a significant role, independent of other factors, in determining migration plans and preferences, and detect ethnic-specific effects of marriage, childbearing, and social capital on the inclination to migrate. In paper five, we compare the fertility and fertility intentions of ethnic majority and minority groups in three neighboring countries of the region. We explain fertility differentials between ethnic groups in terms of the combined effects of their status in society, country-level differences in institutional settings, and historical and cultural factors.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.
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Stevens, Daniel John. "Conceptual travels along the Silk Road : on civil society aid in Uzbekistan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412926.
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Dumlao, Roberto C. "China's maritime silk road to oil : influence in the Middle East through naval modernization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FDumlao.pdf.
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SEIXAS, EDUARDO PALMA DE. "CHINA AND REALISM: THE SILK ROAD AS A PROJECT OF POWER CONSOLIDATION AND PROJECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34054@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O vertiginoso crescimento econômico da China das últimas décadas estabeleceu o país como uma das grandes potências de primeira grandeza do sistema internacional. Mesmo com a redução do ritmo do crescimento, estima-se que a China em breve se tornará a maior economia do mundo. O registro histórico indica que a ascensão econômica da China será acompanhada por sua ascensão política e militar. Conforme a teoria do realismo ofensivo, a China buscará ampliar sua esfera de influência sobre seu entorno geográfico com o intuito de estabelecer uma hegemonia regional. Essa dissertação irá argumentar que a iniciativa One Belt, One Road (OBOR) é a principal ferramenta das autoridades em Pequim para estabelecer uma hegemonia chinesa sobre a Eurásia. Por meio do investimento em infraestrutura no grande continente, a China irá criar uma rede de transporte terrestre e marítima que garantirá ao país acesso às principais rotas comerciais e energéticas da Eurásia, reduzindo sua vulnerabilidade no que diz respeito ao escoamento de suas exportações e ao acesso às importações de matérias primas. Argumenta-se que a OBOR é uma estratégia de duas frentes, simultaneamente baseada nas teorias de poder terrestre e poder naval, conforme os ensinamentos de Halford J. Mackinder e Alfred T. Mahan, respectivamente. Por fim, a posição dos Estados Unidos - os principais defensores da manutenção da atual distribuição de poder -, e das grandes potências vizinhas à China serão analisadas, pois a contínua expansão dos interesses internacionais da China está criando atritos ainda longe de serem resolvidos, particularmente na Ásia Central, no mar da China Meridional e no mar da China Oriental.
China s breakneck economic growth in the last decades has established the country as a great power of the first rank in the international system. Even with a slowdown in the rate of growth, it is widely believed that China will soon become the largest economy in the world. History suggests that China s economic rise will be followed by its political and military rise as well. According to the theory of offensive realism, China will seek to broaden its sphere of influence as it tries to establish a regional hegemony. This dissertation will defend that the One Belt, One Road initiative (OBOR) is the main tool at Beijing s disposal for the establishment of Chinese hegemony over Eurasia. By investing in infrastructure throughout the great landmass, China will create a land and sea transport network that will guarantee the country access to Eurasia s main trade and energy routes, reducing China s vulnerability with regards to the outflow of its exports and to the inflow of raw materials. The argument here presented is that the OBOR is a two-pronged strategy, simultaneously based on the theories of land power and sea power, according to the teachings of Halford J. Mackinder and Alfred T. Mahan, respectively. Lastly, the position of the United States, the main defenders of the present-day distribution of power, and those of the great powers that neighbor China will be analyzed, given that the continued expansion of China s international interests is creating tensions still far from being resolved, particularly in Central Asia, the South China Sea and the East China Sea.
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Wang, Helen. "Money on the Silk Road : the evidence from eastern Central Asia to c.AD 800." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289851.
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Pepper, France A. (France Allison). "The thousand buddha motif : a visual chant in buddhist cave-temples along the silk road." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23351.
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As early as the fifth century C.E., the thousand buddha motif had become a prevalent feature in the art of many cave-temples in Gansu, China. Past scholarship concentrated on tracing the textual sources of the motif and with relating it to the practices associated with the devotion to the three thousand buddhas of the three ages. Past research has not considered how the thousand buddhas may have been a reflection of a wider range of religious practices and popular beliefs nor has it explored the motif's artistic origin.By demonstrating that the earliest examples of the two-dimensional painted form of the thousand buddhas came from Gansu and that the motif was related to an iconographic and architectural design that existed between several Gansu cave-temple sites, this study proposes that the thousand buddha motif was a Gansu cave-temple art innovation that influenced cave-temple decor in areas west of Gansu. In addition, possible reasons for the prevalence of the motif are suggested by considering that it may have reflected the relationship between the thousand buddhas and meditative practices as well as the acts of chanting and circumambulation.
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De, Danieli Filippo. "Silk Road mafias : the political economy of drugs and state-building in post-Soviet Tajikistan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545920.
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This study looks at the role of drug-related mafias in Tajikistan -a country that has undergone a `double transition' as a result of the break up of the Soviet Union and a protracted civil war -, and examines why they emerged as political, economic and social actors after 1991 and how they influenced the processes of state breakdown and post conflict state-building. The existing literature on drug trafficking in Central Asia focuses almost exclusively on the connections between "criminal" and "terrorist" networks. This study, based upon field work conducted in Tajikstan between March-December 2007, critically challenges the arguments, concepts and assumptions that are usually associated with the "narcoterror" discourse. It seeks to adopt a broader historical, political economy perspective, and draws upon the growing literature on the role of non-state actors in shaping processes of state building. The study explores the complex interactions between transnational crime, shadow economy activities and the emerging political structures and institutions. It is argued that the negotiations between political actors and mafias over the control of resources are central to processes of state consolidation and state crises. The specificity of mafia, as a particular type of criminal organization, consists precisely in its ability to establish strategic partnerships with political elites. The expansion of mafias in Tajikistan has been shaped by a particular set of structural conditions and contingent events that can develop alongside modern state building process. Mafia-style organizations flourished in isolated and peripheral regions. In these areas central state elites were forced to mediate with local elites and former warlords so as to gain access to economic resources and build local legitimacy. Revenues from drug trafficking were central to this "conversation", and drug mafias fulfilled the role of mediating between central and peripheral elites. Mafias' disposition to make deals with the ruling elite has represented a key factor both for peace and post-conflict stability. Thus the case of Tajikistan shows that mafias are not an anti-state entity, and that, on the contrary, under certain conditions, they can actively contribute to political order
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Pak, Irina, and Ferizzat Jussupbekova. "Megaprojects' success perception by stakeholders in local communities: A study of Silk Road Economic Belt." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145858.
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Megaprojects are commonly known as large-scale projects which costs at least 1 billion USD. Megaprojects are implemented internationally, they impact millions of people, and take many years to be completed. Generally, megaprojects are infrastructural projects and they, for instance, can contribute to the country’s development, boost some infrastructural sectors, connect different regions by construction of roads, provide the opportunity for new businesses.Due to their scale and scope, megaprojects involve both primary and secondary stakeholders which have different interests, and therefore, different perception of success. Hence, project manager should identify each stakeholder and consider their interests from the very beginning of the project.As a case study for the current research it was decided to explore the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), which is a part of One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative by China. SREB road has a very significant meaning than the previous historic Silk Way, and it will connect Asia with Europe. The old trade Silk way will be updated till huge international infrastructural megaproject. This research focuses on Kazakhstan, which one of the key actors in that project, and which is world 9th biggest country.The main purpose of the current research is to increase the understanding about how secondary stakeholders perceive the success of megaprojects. We limited the research by stakeholders in local communities, so we can explore that topic more comprehensively. In order to find the answer on research question, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted. It was decided to follow the Business-Government-Society (BGS) model (Steiner & Steiner, 1980) and focus on stakeholders from three different sectors (business, government, society). Furthermore, through analysis of secondary data we got more holistic picture about research area.The research findings show that depending on communities’ sector the success perception differs. Furthermore, it was concluded from the findings that different local communities have different techniques and tools to evaluate the success, and therefore some of them perceive and estimate success in qualitative way, but others in quantitative way. In addition, the research showed that it is important to consider local communities’ interests during the project planning phase because it influences the projects’ success.The theoretical contribution of the current research is realized during the analysis of empirical findings and during the review of existing literature. The practical implication of the work is to provide the guidance on local community management in megaprojects and on how these communities perceive the success of projects.
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Karrar, Hasan H. (Hasan Haider) 1973. "The new silk road diplomacy : a regional analysis of China's Central Asian foreign policy, 1991-2005." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102514.
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This thesis explores China's relations with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from 1991 to 2005, contributing to the body of knowledge by arguing that China's relations with post-Soviet Central Asia were shaped by security and economic imperatives in Xinjiang, home to Muslim Turkic nationalities who have historically challenged Beijing's jurisdiction.As discussed in Chapter One, after 1949, the Communist Party sought to bring Xinjiang firmly within Beijing's orbit, ending a 150-year long period during which Beijing's hold over Xinjiang periodically faltered. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, coupled with instability in Afghanistan, led to new challenges to Beijing's authority.
Chapter Two examines China's relations with Central Asia from 1992 to 1996. In the post-Cold War order characterized by US primacy, China envisioned Central Asia as an arena of cooperation between China, Russia, and the independent republics. However, the republics became fertile ground for transnational Islamist movements. China feared spillover into Xinjiang; consequently, China extended economic cooperation to the impoverished republics with the understanding that they would suppress emigre Uighur organizations. Bilateral economic cooperation was also important for Xinjiang, which benefited from cross-border trade.
Chapter Three examines Sino-Central Asian relations from 1996 to 2001, exploring the development of the Shanghai Five mechanism in 1996 between China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, which initially addressed confidence building, but after 1998, focused on regional security. This was important for China, since in 1996/1997, Xinjiang experienced instability that was exacerbated by the independence of Central Asia. Competition over the region's energy is also examined, which contributed to international rivalry.
Chapter Four examines Sino-Central Asian relations from 2001 to 2005. In June 2001, the Shanghai Accord signatories, and Uzbekistan, established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). While envisioned as a forum for wide-ranging cooperation, combating "terrorism, separatism, and extremism," was an immediate priority. Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, the United States sought a military presence in Central Asia that temporarily undermined China's influence, heightening China's concerns over energy security. China's response was to gradually deepen relations with the republics in the energy and security fields.
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Karrar, Hasan Haider. "The new silk road diplomacy a regional analysis of China's Central Asian foreign policy, 1991-2005 /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?NR27796.
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Wang, Linlin. "The sounds on the Silk Road from Xi'an to Urumqi. Soundscape, recording and exposition of the sound." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672184.
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The main objective of the doctoral thesis is to study the Soundscape in the Chinese route of the Silk Road based on the premises issued in 2003 by the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO.
In China, no application of this agreement has been used. The research proposed by the doctoral thesis is an important precedent in applying the guidelines concerning the study and preservation of intangible cultural heritage.
The Silk Road represents the exchange and integration of Chinese and Western cultures, and its mysterious and remote atmosphere is fascinating. I have longed for the Silk Road since I was young.
I was exposed to sound media art, soundscape maps, and sound sculpture research in the laboratory of Dr. Josep Cerda at the University of Barcelona.
Finally, it presented the idea of applying sound media art to data analysis of the sound on the Silk Road and archival records.
The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization.
UNESCO, at its 32nd meeting, held in Paris from September 29 to October 17, 2003. Approved the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Cultural Heritage Intangible, the intergovernmental agreement that Recognizes that communities, groups, and individuals play an important role in the production, safeguarding, maintenance, and recreation of intangible cultural heritage, thereby contributing to enriching cultural diversity and human creativity.
It considers the importance of the Soundscape as an exponent of cultural diversity.
The General objective of this doctoral dissertation is to apply the intangible cultural heritage protection formulated by UNESCO to
"Using sound media art to record and protect the sound landscape of typical areas on the Silk Road."
Through a literature review of Western sound research and the current sound landscape research status in China, China is currently conducting sound landscape research and research on a certain designated area. Quantitative analysis exists, but there is no study on "The sounds on the Silk Road from Xi'an to Urumqi."
The Silk Road is a vast area and has many research limitations in terms of geography. This research uses ethnographic research as the main research methodology, and finally determines the research site in China from Xi'an to Urumqi in Six specific regions.
In Chinese history, the Silk Road started from Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, and ended in
Xinjiang Province, the last region connecting China with Eurasia.
I passed through the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province, the surround-ing areas of Mogao Grottoes in Gansu Province, and the surrounding regions of Qin- ghai Lake in Xining City Qinghai Province. As the gathering area of ethnic minorities in the southwest of China's Silk Road, Yunnan Province also includes this doctoral thesis research.
Try to find the voices on the Silk Road that are most worthy of investigation and preservation, and conduct field investigations and quantitative analysis.
The purpose of the research is to use a sound media library, soundscape map, and sound art museum display to reflect the ecological landscape environment of the Silk Road, the urban human environment, and the status quo of historical relics. Based on this, establish a sound landscape database.
To form a digital map of the Soundscape, making it an important carrier for the protection and inheritance of the sound landscape on the Silk Road, as a basis for academic and theoretical research on protecting intangible cultural heritage on the Silk Road.
The second objective of the research is to establish a sound media art laboratory and a sound documentation center in Shanghai Donghua University and Shanghai Arts & Design Academy, to supplement the current lack of sound media art as a research direction in design education in China. The third research goal is to apply future sound media art combined with big data artificial intelligence to serve society.
Apply intelligent sound design as an essential means of exhibition and display and demonstrate in Chinese museums.
In terms of research conclusions and social influence, this doctoral thesis puts forward for the first time "the application of sound media art to protect and inherit the soundscape of the Silk Road". First of all, a set of core methodology and research techniques in the research of this doctoral dissertation applied to the academic study of soundscape protection on the Silk Road. Due to the limitations of the research funding and time of the doctoral thesis, only investigate six important areas. I will not terminate this research because of the end of this paper. Researchers will continue to study some other sub-important regions of the Silk Road in China. This doctoral thesis will lay a theoretical foundation for China and the world to study the "Silk Road" soundscape research.
Introduce the establishment method of sound media library into the design art education of Chinese colleges and universities. To make up for the lack of research in Chinese universities that specifically focus on sound art design instead of music theory research under art design research. The third is to create a sound media library and make an interactive multimedia map to be applied to the soundscape guide of the future cultural journey.
Use digital media technology and sound media art principles to design a virtual interactive sound museum. Establish a complete set of sound expressions, protect and Inheriting the Soundscape of the Silk Road while driving the richness of cultural tourism in the southwest and northwest regions of China. The audience can understand the history and culture of the Silk Road through acoustic sensory experience in multiple dimensionsLa finalidad de esta investigación es establecer un archivo sonoro de la Ruta de la Seda, en su recorrido en China, aplicando las directrices de la UNESCO, establecidas en la Convención para la Salvaguarda del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial, a partir de una metodología teorico-práctica de recogida de datos mediante grabaciones de campo y geolocalizadas mediante mapas sonoros. A lo largo de los 5 años de investigación, se ha podido constatar la transformación cultural de la zona de estudio debido a la irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías y la creciente industrialización, aspectos que constatan la necesidad de este tipo de investigaciones que hemos llevado a cabo, ya que los sonidos tradicionales del paisaje sonoro de la Ruta de la Seda están en vías de desaparición, por lo tanto es muy importante preservarlos para el futuro mediante la creación de un archivo sonoro.. En la investigación se han introducido elementos tecnológicos importantes, sobre todo en lo que hace referencia en la exposición de los sonidos del paisaje sonoro y en el diseño de un espacio expositivo interactivo especialmente diseñado para presentar estos sonidos y demás aspectos de la tradición cultural y artesana de la Ruta de la seda. Se ha partido de los estudios realizados por el investigador canadiense R. Murray-Schafer que se desarrollaron en la década de los años 70 del siglo pasado en la Universidad Simon Fraser de Canadá, y que han ido evolucionando hasta la actualidad por las aportaciones sucesivas de I. Westercamp y B. Truaux, que dieron como resultado el Word Sounscape Project, que es el origen del trabajo de investigación que hemos llevado a cabo. Toda la investigación se ha llevado a cabo en el mismo lugar de estudio de la Ruta de la Seda, en su tramo Chino. La gran mayoría de las grabaciones de campo y las imágenes fotográficas, así como las entrevistas y diseño expositivo han sido llevadas a cabo por la autora. Así mismo cabe remarcar que el estudio de las fuentes bibliográficas se han realizado en la mayoría de las veces a partir de libros y artículos redactados en el idioma mandarín, por lo que la accesibilidad a las fuentes primarias, hacen de esta tesis un trabajo de investigación muy importante.
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Brunnemer, Kristin Carol. "Rewriting the road (auto)mobility and the road narratives of American writers of color /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=135&did=1874459661&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270492729&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-238). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Deskin, Sean. "Entropy in Two American Road Narratives." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1243.
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Tony Tanner's book City of Words analyzes American literature from 1950-1970; in the chapter entitled "Everything Running Down" the theme of entropy, the second law of thermodynamics, is explored and revealed to be a common motif within many works of American literature. Tanner's analysis does not specifically address the presence of entropy within the genre of the American road narrative; when considering his analysis presented in "Everything Running Down" with Kris Lackey's analysis of American road narratives presented in his book RoadFrames, the presence of entropy and how it is applied within the American road narrative becomes apparent. Although Jack Kerouac's On the Road and Cormac McCarthy's The Road were published over sixty years apart from one another and are seemingly disparate texts, these two texts reveal the thematic use of entropy which connects them in an ongoing dialogue within the genre of the American road narrative.
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Moss, Sophie. "A "silk-shot" voice| Constructing social history in the future-bound novels of H.G. Wells." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1571640.
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This thesis argues that H.G. Wells' attempts to craft a successful narrative of the predicted future, as viewed through three primary texts (Anticipations, A Modern Utopia and The Shape of Things to Come) are not only trials at the most effective textual platform for his social ideology but also explicit attempts to create a new hybrid literature. The author first embarks on a close reading of Anticipations to analyze Wells' social ideology and his early theory of the role of fiction. Next, the author examines the two later novels, A Modern Utopia and The Shape of Things to Come, reading their forms and content against Anticipations. Using all three texts, the author constructs a theory about Wells' final beliefs regarding the role of literature in education, society, and history.
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Vail, Amy Elva Kaiulani. "The last of the Homeridai : Goethe's road to Hermann und Dorothea." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1264688415.
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Fenwick, Andrew. "Girdles of iron, breast-plates of silk: Homeric women and Christian pity in Tolkien's Middle-Earth." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6804.
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McCray, Brigitte N. "Road Going Home." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/50.
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Road Going Home follows the life of four women of the same family: grandmother, granddaughter, her mother, and her aunt. Mother Karen leaves home at sixteen because she's pregnant, afraid of disappointing parents Ruth and Nelson. Her sister Lacy is just a child when she leaves. Karen has always wanted to leave home because her small town feels suffocating. At the opening of the novel, Karen has moved into a commune in central Virginia. Her father kidnaps granddaughter Dylan in hopes of bringing his family back together. However, the result is the family growing more apart from one another. Thematically, the novel seeks to answer what happens to families when they run away from one another. How do we come back together again? And how do we rebuild those close ties that we once lost?
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Charamut, William J. "Policing the silk road : do the Central Asian states need the United States and Russia to create and maintain stability? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FCharamut.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Mikhail Tsypkin, Roger N. McDermott. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73). Also available online.
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Neelis, Jason Emmanuel. "Long-distance trade and the transmission of Buddhism through northern Pakistan, primarily based on Kharoṣṭhī and Brāhmī inscriptions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11142.
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Rannanpää, H. (Henna). "”Siinä nyt oli pari muuttujaa”:maskuliinisuuksien representaatioita Dome Karukosken pohjoisessa road-elokuvassa Napapiirin sankarit." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201501161020.
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Tutkin Dome Karukosken Napapiirin sankarit -elokuvan (2010) representoimia erilaisia maskuliinisuuksia. Analysoin eritoten kotinurkkiin majailemaan jääneiden, syrjäytyneiden ja työttömien miesten — niin sanottujen peräkammarin poikien — maskuliinisuutta ja heidän muuttumistaan elokuvan esittämän vuorokauden aikana. Käytin kehittelemääni peräkammarimaskuliinisuuden termiä analysoidakseni tarkemmin mieshahmoja ja heidän ”muuttujiaan”. Hyödynsin Jukka Sankalan (2009 & 2011) tutkimuksia Lapin peräkammarin poikamiesten arjesta ja identiteettikäsityksistä. Lähdekirjallisuutena käytin myös kriittisten maskuliinisuuksien tutkimuksia sekä elokuvatutkimuksen teorioita, joita hyödynsin varsinkin road-genrestä kirjoittaessani. Analysoin Napapiirin sankareita elokuvallisen tekstin lähiluvun kautta.
Napapiirin sankarit täyttää road-genren elokuvan merkittävimmät määritelmät: identiteetin uudistamisen tarinassa, jossa lähdetään kotoa ja sinne palataan muuttuneena (Römpötti 2012; Cohan & Hark 1997; Laderman 2002). Napapiirin sankarit on toisaalta kolmen miehen — Jannen, Kapun ja Tapion — kasvukertomus, toisaalta aikalaisdiagnoosi. Elokuva tarjoaa näkökulmia arktisen hysterian ilmiöön, johon liitetään muun maussa synkkyyden, syrjäytymisen ja kuoleman teemoja (Ihonen 1999). Matkan syynä oleva digiboksin hankkiminen on lopulta Jannelle asetettu miehuuskoe: raskaana oleva avopuoliso testaa, onko Jannesta vastuulliseksi isäksi. Kapu puolestaan taistelee menneisyyden traumojen kanssa, ja Tapion on itsenäistyttävä voimakkaasta äidistään. Vuorokauden aikana Janne, Kapu ja Tapio uudistavat identiteettinsä passiivisista luovuttajista voimaantuneiksi miehiksi.
Jannen kilpailijassa Mikossa on hegemonisen maskuliinisuuden vaatimia kriteereitä: hän on vauras ja työssäkäyvä mies (Jokinen 2000 & 2012; Sipilä 1994). Pinnalta katsottuna Mikko on epäeettinen hahmo, koska hän haluaa voittaa entisen tyttöystävänsä Inarin itselleen epärehellisin keinoin. Janne sitä vastoin on sympaattinen peräkammarin poika, joka saa katsojan kunnioittamaan itseään. Kuitenkin myös Janne käyttää epärehellisiä keinoja saadakseen rahat digiboksiin, ja lopulta hän tavoittelee juuri sitä, mitä Mikolla on: statusta ja turvallisuutta. Napapiirin sankarit onkin pohjimmiltaan kesyyntymistarina miehen normin täyttämisestä. Peräkammarimaskuliinisuudesta on elokuvan mukaan kasvettava pois, mutta samalla edes puhtaan hegemoninen maskuliinisuus ei ole tavoiteltavaa miehuutta, vaan myös sitä on täydennettävä. Napapiirin sankarit ei siis lopulta vastaa kysymykseen siitä, mikä on maskuliinisuuden ideaali. Jää epäselväksi, millainen tulevaisuus mieskolmikkoa odottaa.
Toin tutkielmassani esille, että peräkammarimaskuliinisuus kumpuaa osaksi arktisen hysterian rakenteista. Niiden välistä suhdetta olisi mielenkiintoista ja antoisaa tutkia lisää. Napapiirin sankarit -elokuvan tuleva jatko-osa puolestaan tarjoaisi kiinnostavan mahdollisuuden tutkia miesten kehitystarinaa vielä pidemmälle.
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Braitstein, Lara 1971. "A road to nowhere : the significance of the pilgrimage in Buddhist literature." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21196.
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This paper is an exploration of the theme of pilgrimage in the following three works: Gan&dotbelow;d&dotbelow;vyuha, Journey to the West and The Life of Marpa the Translator.Through an examination of the narrative structure of the texts, I derive a pattern which is consistent throughout these three Mahayana works. This pattern is then compared to the Mahayana doctrine of Two Truths, which is shown to be expressed by the literary pilgrimage. Finally, by exploring the ways in which these texts 'work' on the reader---both by seeing the protagonist go through the stages of Buddhist practice and through the reader's interaction with the text---I show how reading these stories can act as a transformative Buddhist practice.
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Braitstein, Lara. "A road to nowhere, the significance of the pilgrimage in Buddhist literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0026/MQ50499.pdf.
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Signori, Lisa F. "The feminization of surrealism : the road to surrealism silence in selected works of Marguerite Duras /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901282.
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Medroa, Catarina Feliciano. "Alepo 2060." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19817.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Através de um olhar sobre Alepo, pretende-se com este exercício aplicar o desenho projetual a uma visão de paz para 2060, assumindo o período pós-guerra como otimista e próspero. Paralelamente à reconstrução do tecido urbano afetado pelos conflitos da Guerra Civil Síria, existirão novos projetos que influenciarão não só o futuro dos habitantes locais, mas também dos visitantes curiosos que anseiam por conhecer este lugar. Esta temática surgiu da vontade de contribuir com uma resposta arquitetónica a um projeto infraestrutural ambicioso, cujo impacto se tornará global. Através de uma reconciliação entre o imaginário islâmico local e o desenvolvimento tecnológico do território Euroasiático, a cidade será reintegrada numa rota ancestral de idiomas, culturas e bens. A estação ferroviária foi a resposta encontrada para as premissas definidas, permitindo a inclusão da Síria na Nova Rota da Seda que unirá, através da circulação de comboios de alta velocidade, a China às portas da Europa. Considerando o papel que este elemento terá na regeneração de Alepo, existe oportunidade de estudar antecipadamente o seu impacte, desde a escala do território até à do passageiro que dele poderá usufruir, viajando a bordo de um meio de transporte sustentável para qualquer parte do Mundo.
ABSTRACT: While having a closer look at Aleppo, this project intends to apply architectural design to a vision of peace for 2060, assuming the post-war period as optimistic and prosperous. Alongside the reconstruction of the urban fabric affected by the Syrian Civil War conflicts, there will be new projects that will influence not only the future of locals, but also curious visitors who want to know the site. This theme arose from the desire to contribute to an architectural response to an ambitious infrastructure project, which impact will become global. Through a reconciliation between the local Islamic traditions and the technological development of the Eurasian territory, the city will be reintegrated into an ancient road of languages, cultures and goods. The railway station was the answer found for the stated assumptions, allowing Syria to be included in the New Silk Road that will connect China to the gates of Europe through the movement of high-speed trains. Considering the role this element will play in the regeneration of Aleppo, there is an opportunity to study in advance its impact, from the scale of the territory to the scale of the passenger who will use it, traveling aboard a sustainable mode of transport to any part of the world.
N/A
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Collins, Paul Steven. "A Guy Telling a Long Wild Tale: The Masculine Myth in Kerouac's "On the Road"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720285.
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Vogel, Andrew Richard. "Narrating the geography of automobility American road story 1893-1921 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180455063.
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Blomstrand, Sebastian. "On the Road to "IT" : Kerouac and Spontaneity." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25325.
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Carbonieri, Divanize. "Hibridismo e simultaneidade no romance \'The famished road\', de Ben Okri." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-08112007-144812/.
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No romance The Famished Road (1991), o autor nigeriano Ben Okri dá uma nova dimensão à figura da criança-espírito ou abiku, que é um motivo recorrente entre os iorubás e em diversas outras culturas da África ocidental. Como um fenômeno da crença dessas culturas, o abiku é um tema característico da narrativa oral africana, tendo sido usado também em várias obras da literatura africana de língua inglesa. Okri realiza, contudo, uma inovação ao transformar o abiku no narrador de seu romance. Uma vez que essa criatura é um in between, vivendo permanentemente na intersecção entre o mundo dos vivos e o dos mortos, a estrutura da obra literária é alterada pela realidade vista pelos seus olhos. A sua visão é composta pelas imagens da simultaneidade entre esses mundos. Na construção de seu romance, Okri tenta traduzir essa visão para um público leitor ocidental, utilizando ao mesmo tempo paradigmas da oralidade africana e da literatura ocidental. O romance se coloca, assim, num espaço de transição entre a cultura africana e a ocidental. São utilizados métodos e estratégias narrativas de ambas as tradições e o próprio fenômeno do abiku é investido por outras concepções mais ocidentais a respeito da ressurreição da alma. O objetivo desta dissertação é mostrar, de acordo com uma perspectiva crítica pós-colonial, como esse romance se constrói como uma obra híbrida entre os modos de se perceber e de se retratar a realidade característicos de cada uma dessas culturas.In the novel The Famished Road (1991) Nigerian author Ben Okri gives a new dimension to the spirit child or abiku\'s image, which is a recurrent motif among the Yoruba and many other cultures from West Africa. The abiku is a characteristic subject of the African oral narrative and is also present in some African literature in English as the abiku is part of the belief of those cultures. However, Okri undertakes an innovation, turning the abiku into the narrator of his novel. Since this creature is an in between, living permanently in the intersection between the world of the living and the world of the dead, the structure of the literary work is altered by the reality as it is seen through his eyes. His vision is made up by the simultaneous images of those two worlds. In the construction of his novel, Okri tries to translate this vision to a Western reading audience, using paradigms from both the African orality and Western literature. Thus, the novel is placed in a transitional space between African and Western cultures. Narrative methods and strategies from both traditions are used and the abiku phenomenon itself is invested by other more Western conceptions about the soul\'s resurrection. This dissertation aims to reveal from a postcolonial theoretical perspective how this novel is constructed as a hybrid work between the modes of perceiving and depicting reality characteristic of each one of these cultures.
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Stein, Tristan. "Turning road (Fiction) Bluebeard in Shirley Hazzard's the transit of Venus (Critical Accompaniment)." Stein, Tristan (2009) Turning road (Fiction) Bluebeard in Shirley Hazzard's the transit of Venus (Critical Accompaniment). Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/686/.
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This is a thesis comprising two components: a portion of my novella and a dissertation. My work of fiction, Turning Road, draws loosely on the Bluebeard fairytale, as well as theories of identity and nation, as a means of exploring a young Australian woman’s journey to London, a journey which is both symbolic and psychological.
The second component is the critical essay, which considers the extent to which Australian women’s expatriate fiction can be read as a variation of Bluebeard. Australian women’s expatriate fiction has been characterised as a journey involving a doomed love affair with a self-centred male in London.1 To date, most critical attention on the genre has focussed on the extent to which it employs the Odyssean myth to consider gender and colonial identity. It is my contention that reading Bluebeard in The Transit of Venus highlights issues of identity and power in relation to gender and nation. Through its central themes of threat, sexuality, secrecy, self-knowledge and seriality, Bluebeard warns against prescribed gender roles/relations and limiting identifications, and works towards depicting a new liberating space between contrasting spaces identified as home and abroad.
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Zhang, Wei. "Cultural Route As An Approach To Foster Regional Cultural Sustainability : A Study of Swedish Explorer Sven Hedin’s Expedition Heritage along the Silk Road in Northwest China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445287.
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This dissertation strives to analyze the role of the cultural route as an approach and evaluates its validity to foster regional cultural sustainability. The author has investigated the relationship between cultural route, cultural sustainability, and regional development through studying Swedish explorer Sven Hedin’s expedition heritage along the Silk Road. A qualitative approach was taken to study how practitioners in particular tourism subdivisions attempt to implanting Sven Hedin’s legacy into different practices in Northwest China. With the help of the Actor-Network Theory as a material-semiotic method, a significant finding is that evolutionary networks centered on Sven Hedin, as an internal drive to promote the development of cultural routes, are taking shape. Cultural route as an approach to foster regional development cannot be achieved independently by individuals and SMEs; an institutional dimension needs to be considered for integrated management. This approach offers a new participation model in regional construction to their recipients and provides a sustainable strength for inhabitants to understand their cultural identity and embrace their future.
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Pyle, Jesse Colton. "“The Planet that Leads Men Straight on Every Road:” The Sun, Salvation, and Spiritual Allegory in Dante’s Commedia." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1307630062.
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Nunes, Francisco RomÃrio. "The Road: o tema da violÃncia da escrita para as telas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14262.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoEste trabalho analisa a traduÃÃo da obra The Road (2006), de Cormac McCarthy, para o cinema, com foco na temÃtica da violÃncia e a forma como foi traduzida na narrativa fÃlmica. The Road narra a histÃria de um pai e seu filho, ambos sobreviventes de uma catÃstrofe ocorrida na terra. Juntos caminham em direÃÃo à costa sul dos Estados Unidos. Durante a jornada, os personagens reescrevem a HistÃria americana, paÃs que obteve sua expansÃo territorial do norte para o sul. No entanto, nÃo hà nada para conquistar, pois o Oeste vive dias pÃs-apocalÃpticos. Dessa forma, os personagens vagueiam entre cadÃveres e buscam protegerse de grupos que praticam canibalismo. O romance, com esse enredo, alcanÃou popularidade no seu paÃs de origem, assim como obteve prestÃgio da academia, que culminou com o prÃmio Pulitzer de ficÃÃo. TrÃs anos depois de seu lanÃamento, The Road foi adaptado para o cinema com o tÃtulo homÃnimo, dirigido por John Hillcoat. Nosso principal objetivo, portanto, à investigar quais as estratÃgias usadas pelo diretor para traduzir o tema da violÃncia no cinema. Partimos da hipÃtese de que o filme traduziu a violÃncia, seguindo parÃmetros do melodrama hollywoodiano, por meio de uma construÃÃo narrativa que busca fazer com que o espectador crie identificaÃÃo com os personagens. Para tal, recorremos à leitura das obras dos seguintes teÃricos dos Estudos da TraduÃÃo: Lefevere (1992), Toury (1995) e Even-Zohar (1990). Por conseguinte, realizamos a leitura de teÃricos que discutem a respeito de adaptaÃÃes literÃrias para o cinema como: Cattrysse (1992), Stam (2008) e Hutcheon (2013). Embasamonos ainda nos crÃticos de cinema: Machado (2011), Xavier (2003, 2012) e Bordwell (1985). Sobre a representaÃÃo da violÃncia na literatura e no cinema, optamos por Leenhardt (1990), Lins (1990), Ginzburg (2012), Abel (2007), Hikiji (2012), e Mongin (1999). Por fim, acerca da fortuna crÃtica de McCarthy, destacamos Cant (2009), Ellis (2006), Walsh (2009) e Hage (2010), entre outros. Os resultados mostraram que a adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica traduziu a violÃncia de modo que ela acentuasse o melodrama, reforÃando a condiÃÃo precÃria dos personagens no tempo-espaÃo da narrativa e incorporando estratÃgias narrativas que reproduzissem no espectador certa identificaÃÃo com os personagens pai e filho.
This paper analyzes the translation of the book The Road (2006), by Cormac McCarthy, to cinema, focusing on the theme of violence and the way it was translated to film. The Road tells the story of a father and his son; both are survivors of a disaster on Earth. They walk towards the south coast of the United States. During this journey, the characters remake the American History, a country that obtained its territorial expansion from north to south. Nevertheless, there is nothing to be conquered because the West lives post-apocalyptic days. On this regard, the characters wander among corpses seeking protection from the groups that practice cannibalism. Having this plot, the novel achieved popularity in its home country, as well as it obtained academic prestige, which culminated with the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. Three years after its release, The Road was adapted to a film with the same tittle, directed by John Hillcoat. Our main aim, then, is to investigate which strategies the director used to translate the theme of violence in cinema. We assume that the film translated violence according to the patterns of Hollywood melodrama, through a narrative construction that intends to make the spectator have affection for the characters. For this purpose, we based our research on some authors of Translation Studies: Lefevere (1992), Toury (1995) and Even-Zohar (1990). Thereafter, we studied some theories concerning adaptation from literature to screen according to Cattrysse (1992), Stam (2008) and Hutcheon (2013). Related to cinema theory, we studied Machado (2011), Xavier (2003, 2012) and Bordwell (1985). We also investigated the depiction of violence in literature and in the film, according to the authors Leenhardt (1990), Lins (1990), Ginzburg (2012), Abel (2007), Hikiji (2012) and Mongin (1999). Finally, we discussed some critical essays on McCarthy, pointing out Cant (2009), Ellis (2006), Walsh (2009), and Hage (2010), among others. The results showed that the adaptation translated violence in a way it reinforced the melodrama, highlighting the charactersâ hazardous condition in both the time and the space of this narrative film, and incorporating narrative strategies which could make the spectator identify with the father and his son.
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Yang, Lu, and 楊露. "On revolutionary road : translated modernity, underground reading movement and the reconstruction of subjectivity, 1970s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196020.
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Translating and reading western modernist literature played a vital role in forging contemporary Chinese literature and China’s mode of subjectivity, but little has been written about them, and even less about the interconnections between them. My PhD thesis aims to offer a comprehensive interpretation of the phenomenon of translating and reading modernist literature in Mao’s China, focusing particularly on translators’ and readers’ agency, and their collective construction of a multifaceted discourse of subjectivity. The central questions I try to answer in my thesis are: For what “practical” purposes or needs did the Chinese Communist Party order the translation and publication of these modernist texts which are clearly against the ideology of Mao’s China? What mark did translators from state controlled institutions leave in the intellectual history of China? Why did western modernist literature of 1950s cause such a strong response from the intellectual youth in the 1970s?
In Mao’s China, there were a number of modernist literature texts that were translated and published. They were only intended to be available for a very limited readership consisting of high ranking party officials, but ended up being leaked, and eventually became extremely popular in the underground reading movement. I decided to focus on the three most widely read texts, which are On the Road (first translated into Chinese in 1962), Catcher in the Rye (first translated into Chinese in 1963), and Waiting for Godot (first translated into Chinese in 1965). By mapping the translation process and the underground reading of these texts into the context of the politics of China from the early 1960s to the late 1970s, my study provides three arguments which attempt to answer the three questions raised above: 1) Mao’s China encountered similar modernity situations so that western modernist literature after World War II was translated for internal circulation and criticism; 2) Thanks to the subjectivity of translators from state controlled institutions, their translations paved the way for the rising of the self, the end of revolution, and the individualization of Chinese society; 3) As early as in the 1960s to 1970s, the conscious reading of modernist literature brought alternative understandings of self and ways of being, and the sent-down Chinese youth have new self-projection by reading these texts.
Few researchers have studied translation beyond analysis of target language text (TLT), while my methodological innovation is to connect three traditionally isolated subjects into a single continuing process of meaning giving activity: the source text and their role in forging western subjectivity; translators and their translations in Mao’s context; and Chinese underground reading of western literature from late 1960s to 1970s.
This is a comparative and theoretical study of the three chosen texts in their historical contexts in order to reconsider the cultural significance of translating and reading modernist literature in Mao’s China. I hope it will modify our view of translation and reading history in Mao’s China, contributing to theories of subjectivity and the plurality of Chinese modernity discourse.published_or_final_version
Chinese
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Photinos, Christie. "Villainous vagrants, hard-travelin' hoboes, and sisters of the road : the figure of the tramp in American literature, 1873-1939 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984303.
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Tladi, Tshegofatso Catherine. "A systematised review of the literature related to tax and gender : the road to equality." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80524.
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Background: Gender inequality is a global issue affecting both women and men. Although efforts are being made to empower women, the tendency to ignore the likely impact of the changes needed in respect of fiscal policies, such as tax legislation, could be hampering these efforts and exacerbating the disadvantaged position in which women find themselves.
Main purpose of this study: This mini-dissertation explores the state of literature in the form of scholarly articles relating to taxes and their impact on women that have been published in authoritative journals.
Method: For this study a systematised review was employed as the research strategy and keywords were used as a search strategy to locate the literature to be analysed. Using a thematic analysis, a taxonomy framework with a theoretical theme structure was used to analyse themes that were present in the articles selected for analysis.
Results: The analysis of the relevant literature indicated that the research topic was topical and relatable. Most of the studies relating to the research topic that were reviewed can be classified under the discipline economics and follow empirical research methodologies.Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Taxation
MCom (Taxation)
Unrestricted
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Rembold, Robert. "Does Running in the family leave Dust tracks on a road?, a traveler's guide to inscribing subjective ethnicity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/MQ46786.pdf.
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Hänninen, Helena. "Post-Apocalyptic Language and Gender Aspects in McCarthy’s The Road: “The Sacred Idiom Shorn of Its Referents”." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-42147.
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This essay studies Cormac McCarthy´s The Road from a critical feminist perspective in order to suggest a new theoretical interpretation for this widely discussed novel. The essay analyses the way language in the novel reflects existing Western phallocentric thought, and its possible fall as the world in the novel has disappeared simultaneously giving emergence to a different kind of logos. By applying Luce Irigaray´s and Hélène Cixous´ critical feminist theories it can be argued that there is a development from a patriarchal Western logocentric tradition with its masculine world order and logos that slowly disappear towards another kind of order. There is an allusion to a new language. In the novel world has gone under due to some kind of ecological disaster, a couple, the father and the son are struggling through the devastated landscape. The mother in the story has committed suicide and even the language is disappearing and since all its referents are gone. Since the world and the language are gone together with them the Western logocentric tradition is abolished. The boy in the story has been born after the devastation, he is free from the old civilization and with the appearance of the new family and mother there is a possibility for renewal in “a world in it beginning” as the last poetic lines of the novel read.
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Dobbs-Buchanan, Allison M. "You Take The High Road, and I'll Take The Low Road:A Post-Colonial Analysis of Shakespeare's Macbeth." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1386515905.
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Compton, Marissa Deane. "The Living River: Ritual and Reconciliation in The Famished Road." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6816.
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In Ben Okri's The Famished Road, rituals such as baptism are easily lost in the dense symbolism. The novel is, in the words of Douglas McCabe, a "ramshackle and untidy affair, a hodge-podge of social ideologies, narrative forms, effusive enthusiasms, and precision-jeweled prose poems" (McCabe 17). This complex untidiness can be discouraging for readers and critics alike, and yet "there is something contagious about the digressive, meandering aesthetic of The Famished Road" that makes the novel difficult to consign to confusion (Omhovere 59). Commonly considered post-colonial, post-modern, and magical-realist, The Famished Road deals with, among other things, spiritualism, family relations, and political and sociological tensions in Nigeria in the decades before its publication in 1991. These themes are depicted with a rush of symbols, and in such a clamor, baptism and other rituals may have trouble making themselves heard. And yet, paying attention to the repeated performance of baptism transforms this audacious, ramshackle novel into a story of liminality, alienation, and reconciliation, a story which celebrates these things as inevitable and necessary parts of life. As readers, we can use baptism to decode The Famished Road. In doing so, the novel develops a cyclical, ongoing narrative focused on the difficulties of and increased agency in liminality and the necessity of ritual, on an individual, familial, and socio-cultural level, in navigating that in-betweeness. I will begin by exploring baptism in The Famished Road in order to understand the performance and power of ritual. Here, ritual acts as a doorway, giving characters a chance to navigate liminality without removing themselves from it. This navigation gives them an increased understanding of how the world works and how they may operate in it. After exploring baptism as a ritual, I will examine Okri's "universal abikuism" and its connection to the flexibility of liminality.
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Sojková, Petra. "Potenciál kontinentální přepravy na relaci Čínská lidová republika – Česká republika." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359330.
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The European Union (EU) is a key trading partner for the People's Republic of China (PRC). Nearly one third of PRC's production is send to the EU and half of EU exports is directed to the PRC. Such huge trade volumes require an appropriate logistical connection, which is currently dominated by maritime transport. However, since 2007 railway transport has also been available. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the position of the railway transport of the PRC European route (with focus on the position of the Czech Republic) with regard to its development, obstacles and potential for the future. Firstly, the paper describes the background and reasons for the establishment of the New Silk Road (One Belt One Road initiative), followed by the trade and economic cooperation between the PRC and the Czech Republic. The practical part deals with individual aspects of railway connection. Neither in terms of trade volumes nor price can railway compete with the maritime solution, nevertheless it slowly but surely acquires its first regular customers.
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Pastore, Kristy L. "Hard traveling down the red dirt road exploring working-class issues in Louise Erdrich's Love Medicine and The Bingo Palace /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2066571971&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Peterson, Nicholas L. "A RIP IN THE SOCIAL FABRIC: REVOLUTION, INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD, AND THE PATERSON SILK STRIKE OF 1913 IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, 1908-1927." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/150330.
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EnglishPh.D.
In 1913, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) led a strike of silk workers in Paterson, New Jersey. Several New York intellectuals took advantage of Paterson's proximity to New York to witness and participate in the strike, eventually organizing the Paterson Pageant as a fundraiser to support the strikers. Directed by John Reed, the strikers told their own story in the dramatic form of the Pageant. The IWW and the Paterson Silk Strike inspired several writers to relate their experience of the strike and their participation in the Pageant in fictional works. Since labor and working-class experience is rarely a literary subject, the assertiveness of workers during a strike is portrayed as a catastrophic event that is difficult for middle-class writers to describe. The IWW's goal was a revolutionary restructuring of society into a worker-run co-operative and the strike was its chief weapon in achieving this end. Inspired by such a drastic challenge to the social order, writers use traditional social organizations--religion, nationality, and family--to structure their characters' or narrators' experience of the strike; but the strike also forces characters and narrators to re-examine these traditional institutions in regard to the class struggle.
Temple University--Theses
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Kim, Mi-Su. "Men on the road: beggars and vagrants in early modern drama (William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, and Richard Brome)." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/308.
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This dissertation examines beggars, gypsies, rogues, and vagrants presented in early modern English drama, with the discussion of how these peripatetic characters represent the discourses of vagrancy of the period. The first chapter introduces Tudor and early Stuart governments' legislation and proclamations on vagabondage and discusses these governmental policies in their social and economic contexts. The chapter also deals with the literature of roguery to point out that the literature (especially in the Elizabethan era) disseminated such a negative image of beggars as impostors and established the antagonistic atmosphere against the wandering poor. The second chapter explores the anti-theatrical aspect of the discourses of vagrancy. Along with the discussion of early playing companies' traveling convention, this chapter investigates how the long-held association of players with beggars is addressed in the plays that are dated from the early 1570s to the closing of the playhouses in 1642. In the third chapter I read Shakespeare's King Lear with the focus on its critical allusions to the discourses of vagrancy and interpret King Lear's symbolic experience of vagrancy in that context. The chapter demonstrates that King Lear represents the spatial politics embedded in the discourses of vagrancy and evokes a sympathetic understanding of the wandering poor. Chapter IV focuses on Beggars' Bush and analyzes the beggars' utopian community in the play. By juxtaposing the play with a variety of documents relating to the vagrancy issue in the early seventeen century, I contend that Beggars' Bush reflects the cultural aspirations for colonial enterprises in the early Stuart age. Chapter V examines John Taylor's conceptualization of vagrancy as a trope of travel and free mobility, and discusses the "wanderlust" represented in A Jovial Crew: Merry Beggars as an exemplary anecdote showing the mid seventeenth century's perceptions on vagrancy and spatial mobility. Thus, by exploring diverse associations and investments regarding vagrants, this study demonstrates that the early modern discourses of vagrancy have been informed and inflected by shifting economic, socio-historical, and national interests and demands.
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Storseth, Terri Lee. "On the road with monkey : the transmission of Zen Buddhism in two contemporary American novels /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9381.
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Fulati, Tayierjiang. "Route de la soie, route de la création : rencontres, frontières, contacts, croisements." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H306/document.
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Cette thèse, qui s'appuie sur ma pratique artistique personnelle, analyse l'identité, l'origine, la valeur et la place de la main dans l'art en sillonnant l'ancienne Route de la soie. J'étudie mon parcours de création artistique, ma culture, mes identités multiples et mes influences au regard de l'héritage légué par La Roule de la soie et la route de La création. La traversée de la Route de la soie s'articule autour de quatre thèmes: la rencontre, le contact, le croisement et la frontière. Les recherches m'ont mené sur un voyage messianique dans le but de répondre aux questions qui me hantaient: l'influence étendue de la Route de la soie sur la création artistique est-elle source de créativité? Comment peut-elle se révéler dans les œuvres d'artistes contemporains? La route de ma création artistique se croise-t-elle avec la Route de la soie? Pour répondre à ces questions, j'ai présenté ma main comme une figure qui me lie à mes origines invisibles. Dans le premier chapitre, j'explore la notion d’identité à travers les portraits de la main, puis j'étudie la notion de frontière visible et invisible. Dans le troisième chapitre, j'analyse le toucher, le goûter et le croisement avec la Route de la soie. Enfin, j'examine le contexte des paysages intérieurs et je tente de mettre en lumière l'héritage caché ainsi que les secrets de l'art local imprégné par la culture de notre région et ce à travers les croisements et les métissages culturelsRelying on my personal artistic practice, this thesis analyzes the identity, origin, the value and the place of the "band" in the art in weaving through the old Silk Road. The analysis of my artistic creation, my culture, my multiple identities and my influences in the light of the legacy of the Silk Road and the road of the creation. The crossing of the Silk Road is structured around four themes : the meeting, contact. The crossing and the border. The research led me on a messianic trip, in the aim of finding answers to the questions that concern me : how the Silk Road influences artistic creation, is it a source of creativity? How can it be in the works of contemporary artists? How it emerges on my artistic creation? To answer these questions, I presented my band as a figure, which binds me to my multiple origins. In the first chapter I will analyze the concept of identity through the portraits of the band, then I will look into the notion of border visible and invisible. In the third chapter, I will analyze the touch, the taste and the crossing with the Silk Road. Finally, I will examine the context of interior landscapes and I will try to demonstrate the hidden legacy as well as the secrets of the local art impregnated in the culture of our region through crosses and cultural mixes
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Stein, Brittany S. M. "Writing Blood and Nature: Redemption in Jim Harrison's Dalva and The Road Home." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1338396501.
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