Relevant bibliographies by topics / Silk Roads

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Silk Roads'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 23 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Silk Roads"

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Christian, David. "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History." Journal of World History 11, no. 1 (2000): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2000.0004.

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Chong, Alan, and LHM Ling. "The Silk Roads." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891118793735.

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Marsden, Magnus. "Actually existing silk roads." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.11.006.

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This article explores the relevance of the concept of Silk Road for understanding the patterns of trade and exchange between China, Eurasia and the Middle East. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork in the city of Yiwu, in China's Zhejiang Province. Yiwu is a node in the global distribution of Chinese ‘small commodities’ and home to merchants and traders from across Asia and beyond. The article explores the role played by traders from Afghanistan in connecting the city of Yiwu to markets and trading posts in the world beyond. It seeks to bring attention to the diverse types of networks involved in such forms of trade, as well as their emergence and development over the past thirty years.
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Eom, Gu Ho. "Silk roads again: Revisiting roads connecting Eurasia." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.12.002.

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Litvinov, A. I. "POLITICS OF CONTEMPORARY “SILK ROADS”." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(49) (August 28, 2016): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-176-180.

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Recently in mass media we can find the idea about a new Silk Road or the concept of "Silk Road Economic Belt" which has been formulated by the Chinese PresidentXi Jinping on September 7,2013, during his official visit to Kazakhstan. This project is not only the creation of a transport, power and trade corridor, and also the project which will promote development of tourism in the region and to strengthening of cultural exchanges of China with the countries of Central Asia, it also includes construction of a network of high-speed fiber-optical networks. The economic strip of the Silk Road will begin in China and pass across the Central and the Southern Asia, part of branches across the territory of the Russian Federation and to leave to Europe. This international investment project assumes creation of a continental transport way. For implementation of overland part of "A great Silk Road is a three railway corridors (northern, central have to be constructed and southern) They have form a basis for development of other means of transport, including automobile subsequently. Construction of these three railway corridors acts as the most important and necessary stage of implementation of the project. The government of China declares that creation of an economic belt of the Silk way is a revival of once prospering trade-transport and cultural corridor from Asia to Europe which will promote activization of a friendly exchange between the people of the different countries. Further all this has to connect trade and economic space of Europe and Asia in a whole that has to serve implementation of deeper economic cooperation, between the countries participating in him, to increase in a trade turnover and expansion of scientific and technical exchanges between them.
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Fierke, KM, and Francisco Antonio-Alfonso. "Language, entanglement and the new Silk Roads." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891118762521.

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Observers have tended to place the Silk Road proposals in the context of ‘China’s rise’, and its increasing influence and interests in Central, South and South-East Asia. From a realist perspective, China, like any expanding state, poses a potential threat. From a liberal angle, it is expanding the space for cooperation. Both models rely on an individualist ontology that highlights the interests of individual states. The potential of the Silk Roads looks somewhat different if approached from the perspective of a more relational ontology and a concept of entanglement. We draw on a few claims from Alexander Wendt’s (2015) recent book as a framework for examining the emerging reality of the new ‘Silk Roads’. What are the implications of this ontological shift for thinking about the Chinese ‘Silk Road’ proposal? We develop three specific claims as part of a reflection on this context: first, language use is a form of measurement that shapes and transforms reality; second, language use is an expression of entanglement; and third, leaders have a large role in ‘collapsing wave functions’ around specific potentials. While some of the themes that arise in this discussion are compatible with other arguments about the role of language, the quantum angle provides a more explicit point of departure for discussing the ‘physical’ dimensions of language use, the multiple layers of meaning within which the OBOR is embedded and its relational ontology.
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Ostrowski, Donald. "Inner Asia: Empires and Silk Roads." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 13, no. 1 (2012): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2012.0000.

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Steinwender, Clemens Leopold. "Die Seidenstraße. Konnektivität als Motor von „Grobalization“ und „Glocalization“ am Beispiel des chinesischen Buddhismus." historia.scribere, no. 11 (June 17, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.11.802.

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The following paper deals with the connectivity of the Silk Roads and how these networks function as a driving force of globalizing phenomena, especially of Grobalization and Glocalization, demonstrated by the example of Chinese Buddhism. It will examine the advent of Buddhism and its spread via the Silk Roads, the Chinese response to this new religion, the pilgrim journeys of Chinese monks to India, and the case study of Dunhuang. As will be shown, the networks of the Silk Roads formed a stable basis for the spread of Buddhism to China, amongst other things due to their continuity and the support of official and private institutions.
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Akiner, Shirin. "SILK ROADS, GREAT GAMES AND CENTRAL ASIA." Asian Affairs 42, no. 3 (November 2011): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2011.605601.

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Ono, Kinji, Takeo Yamamoto, Toshiro Kamiuchi, Asanobu Kitamoto, Frederic Andres, Sonoko Sato, and Elham Andaroodi. "Progress of the Digital Silk Roads project." Progress in Informatics, no. 1 (March 2005): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2201/niipi.2005.1.8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silk Roads"

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Graham, Mark. "New silk roads promises and perils of the Internet in the Thai silk industry /." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/929.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.
Title from document title page (viewed on November 25, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: xi, 268 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-267).
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Gater-Smith, Philip Howard Alexander. "The New Silk Roads' impact on the Persian Gulf region : contextualizing China's economic ties and diplomatic relations with the Gulf States." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12647/.

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China’s rise and Middle Eastern insecurity are two dominating themes in international relations today. Yet, their relevance for each other is less discussed. The most important connection is China’s and the Persian Gulf region’s new economic interdependence – a part of Asia’s so-called New Silk Roads. Energy and non-energy trade between the Gulf and China has grown fast and is increasingly accompanied by investment flows in both directions, as well as closer diplomatic relations. The same has happened with regards to the ties between the Gulf and other Asian countries, like India. Nevertheless, it is still the US that underwrites basic regional stability with its military presence. So far, Asian countries, China included, have thus benefited by fee-riding on it. However, as China’s power increases and US appetite for Middle Eastern engagement decreases, it needs to be asked whether China (or anyone else) will one day inherit the American mantle and geo-politically dominate the Gulf. This PhD thesis seeks to answer that question via the help of three types of contextualization: Firstly, the use of the two most influential, but antagonistic IR theories – neo-liberal institutionalism and neo-realism – tests which is the more accurate for China’s Gulf role. It ultimately argues in favour of a neo-neo synthesis around the concept of regional hegemonic stablity. Secondly, a brief recap of historical analogies regarding previous external powers and their rivalries in the Gulf is provided. These range from early-modern actors, over the British Raj and to the American hegemon. Thirdly, the inter-regional context is provided by briefly outlining the Gulf states' relations with China's Asian competitors, Japan, South Korea, and India. In the second part of the thesis, China's New Silk Roads across Eurasia and the Gulf are analysed via a regional overview and then via two case studies, on China-Saudi Arabia relations and China-United Arab Emirates relations. The conclusion brings all these various threads together in order to undertake a comparison between current American, Chinese (and partly Indian) capabilities, and their future opportunities and risks. This is done via theoretical assessments as well as historical contextualization and discussion of useful analogies. Why is this research question important? On the one hand, the world economy’s hydrocarbon-dependence continues to rely on the Gulf’s huge reserves. On the other, the region offers a long history of geo-strategic centrality to world affairs and will likely also help determine into which direction global power flows in the 21st century.
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DeFalco, Daphne Li-mei. "The Silk Road in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1442141.

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Wahlberg, Scott Andrea. "Promoting digital authoritarianism : A study of China’s Digital Silk Road." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37656.

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China’s influence is increasing steadily in all corners of the world. One of China’s foreign policy goals is to become a technological superpower by 2025. An important part of that goal is the Digital Silk Road (DSR), a sub-project to China’s massive infrastructure project, the Belt and Road Initiative. The DSR is on one hand contributing to positive technological developments, especially in developing countries. But on the other hand, it has gotten substantial criticism for being a front for spreading China’s digital authoritarian model and for giving authoritarian regimes the tools to effectively repress citizens and violate human rights. The aim of this study is twofold. The first aim is to examine and map out how China might be promoting autocracy through the DSR, this will contribute to a deeper empirical understanding. The second aim is to give a theoretical contribution by categorizing autocracy promotion and testing the value of active and passive autocracy promotion in relation to China and the DSR. To conduct the analysis, I will draw on literature about autocracy promotion and digital authoritarianism. The existing literature is divided on whether or not China is promoting autocracy, and I will thus be arguing that technological advances, and the DSR, makes it problematic to claim that China is not engaged in autocracy promotion. Therefore, I seek to contribute to the existing literature. The results show that China is in fact involved in autocracy promotion through the different DSR projects. It also shows that China’s support, in some cases, have been crucial in providing authoritarian regimes with repressive technologies. The results also indicate that promoting autocracy might not be an outspoken goal or strategy from China, but rather an unintended consequence when trying to reach domestic political and economic goals.
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Kariyawasam, Rohan. "International economic law and the digital divide : a new silk road?" Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2683.

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The failure of the trade negotiations at Seattle, and the collapse of the negotiations at Doha have bought increased attention to the issue of development, aid, and the implementation of special and differential rights in favour of developing countries. This thesis looks to examine one aspect of the many issues facing developed and developing countries in the negotiations that lie ahead, specifically how international economic law can be used in the application of technological processes to help address the Digital Divide. At present, there is an emphasis on development and the needs of developing countries, and that such development needs to be sustainable. Research reviewed in Chapter 2 indicates that growing information technology levels leads to growth of GDP. Importantly the use of ICT‘s will foster growth in the trade of electronic goods and services (electronic intangibles). By making positive attempts to reduce the Digital Divide, DCs and LDCs will be in a better position to access the necessary ICTs required to help grow GDP and facilitate sustainable development. The thesis sets out various measures to help reduce the digital divide and founded in international economic law. Central to the thesis is a new Layering Theory that the Author argues will assist operators (both incumbents and Independent Service Providers) in the developing world to gain access to international backbone Internet networks at cost price, one of the main impediments to reducing the international digital divide. The Layering Theory sets out a procedure for accurately identifying the relevant market for providers of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and services so that those operators who abuse their dominance by refusing to supply an interconnection service or access to a digital network can be compelled to interconnect their networks to those smaller domestic or third country Internet Service Providers (ISP) operators who require access. By gaining access/interconnection in this way, operators in DCs and LDCs will be in a much better position to take advantage of cheaper production costs to export electronic intangibles overseas. Also, the thesis sets out recommendations for reform of international telecommunications, new provisions on technology transfer to help DCs and LDCs access the ICTs needed to address the Digital Divide, including provisions on technology transfer found in the increasing take-up of bilateral and regional trade agreements—and if there is to be free trade in e-commerce—recommendations for reform of current WTO rules on the classification of electronic goods and services. However, the thesis also argues that the digital divide cannot be addressed without strengthening the human capital base in developing and least developed countries, and that this cannot happen without such states also giving greater effect to the enforcement of civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights ―at home‖. The thesis asks whether it is possible to define a relationship in IEL between civil and political, and economic social and cultural rights as a collective for example in the form of the much debated and somewhat controversial Right to Development (the ―RTD‖ as defined in this thesis) on the one hand, with economic indicators, such Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the other? And if so, how the RTD can be operationalised.
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Luo, Xin. "The New Silk Road : Swedish Apparel Companies’ Challenges in China’s Market." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-9861.

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Background and problem: As one of the major emerging markets, China has alarge population, stable growth in GDP and increased consumer spending powerwhich has attracted the whole world’s retail business. Many international clothingbrands have increased investment or speeded up the pace into the China’s market (Chen et al., 2007; Cui 2000).However, because of the differences in economy, policy and culture, it sometimesresults in difficulties in meeting standards and accessing the market with effectivestrategies (Cui, 2000). Numbers of clothing brands have been found not reach theChinese standards of textile and apparel. These problems force the brandswithdraw their substandard products from shelves, pay fines, and exposed by themedia, therefore the brands suffer not only economic losses, but also the damageof their images and reputations.The identified problem corresponds to two research questions:• What are the main challenges for apparel companies to conform withChinese standards?• How have the Swedish textiles retail companies responded to thesestandards?Methodology: A qualitative research approach was taken to collect relevant data.In the first phase, literature review was used to collect information related topicsof the thesis. Because this paper was addressed on China’s market as the focus ofthe investigation, both China’s and Swedish academic databases were utilized. Inthe second phase, the author developed the work by doing an interview withKlaus Ziegler, the founder and owner of the Quality Partnership LLC in China; anin-depth international laboratory located in China identified the impact of theChina’s standards and regulations and two email interviews with the managers oftwo Swedish apparel retail companies. Moreover, few informal interviews withprofessors in the Swedish School of Textiles and experts from Business Swedenwere made to reach better understanding of thesis topic.Conclusions: Findings provide insight on Chinese highly growing standardsregarding quality and service; International exporters face a lack of understandingof these standards in China’s textile market; The research of two retail companiesindicate that the companies can conduct better conformity of Chinese standards bysetting specific requirements to control the production, paying attention tolabeling related rules, cooperating with developed export agents, professionalthird-party laboratory, and so on.
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Nedoluzhko, Lesia. "Demographic Journeys along the Silk Road : Marriage, Childbearing, and Migration in Kyrgyzstan." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75723.

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This thesis contributes to the limited demographic literature on Central Asia – the region through which led the great Silk Road – an ancient route of trade and cultural exchange between East and West. We focus on Kyrgyzstan and countries in its immediate neighborhood: Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. We analyze the dynamic interplay between marriage, childbearing, and migration, and examine fertility intentions and intentions to migrate as predictors of demographic outcomes. The thesis consists of four co-authored and one single-authored paper connected through a common theme of ethno-cultural differences in demographic behavior. In the first three studies, we explore the link between migration and family formation. We demonstrate that increased fertility of recent migrants is attributable to marriage-related resettlements. In paper four, we provide an analysis of intentions to move abroad. Our results suggest that ethnicity plays a significant role, independent of other factors, in determining migration plans and preferences, and detect ethnic-specific effects of marriage, childbearing, and social capital on the inclination to migrate. In paper five, we compare the fertility and fertility intentions of ethnic majority and minority groups in three neighboring countries of the region. We explain fertility differentials between ethnic groups in terms of the combined effects of their status in society, country-level differences in institutional settings, and historical and cultural factors.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Stevens, Daniel John. "Conceptual travels along the Silk Road : on civil society aid in Uzbekistan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412926.

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Dumlao, Roberto C. "China's maritime silk road to oil : influence in the Middle East through naval modernization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FDumlao.pdf.

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SEIXAS, EDUARDO PALMA DE. "CHINA AND REALISM: THE SILK ROAD AS A PROJECT OF POWER CONSOLIDATION AND PROJECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34054@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O vertiginoso crescimento econômico da China das últimas décadas estabeleceu o país como uma das grandes potências de primeira grandeza do sistema internacional. Mesmo com a redução do ritmo do crescimento, estima-se que a China em breve se tornará a maior economia do mundo. O registro histórico indica que a ascensão econômica da China será acompanhada por sua ascensão política e militar. Conforme a teoria do realismo ofensivo, a China buscará ampliar sua esfera de influência sobre seu entorno geográfico com o intuito de estabelecer uma hegemonia regional. Essa dissertação irá argumentar que a iniciativa One Belt, One Road (OBOR) é a principal ferramenta das autoridades em Pequim para estabelecer uma hegemonia chinesa sobre a Eurásia. Por meio do investimento em infraestrutura no grande continente, a China irá criar uma rede de transporte terrestre e marítima que garantirá ao país acesso às principais rotas comerciais e energéticas da Eurásia, reduzindo sua vulnerabilidade no que diz respeito ao escoamento de suas exportações e ao acesso às importações de matérias primas. Argumenta-se que a OBOR é uma estratégia de duas frentes, simultaneamente baseada nas teorias de poder terrestre e poder naval, conforme os ensinamentos de Halford J. Mackinder e Alfred T. Mahan, respectivamente. Por fim, a posição dos Estados Unidos - os principais defensores da manutenção da atual distribuição de poder -, e das grandes potências vizinhas à China serão analisadas, pois a contínua expansão dos interesses internacionais da China está criando atritos ainda longe de serem resolvidos, particularmente na Ásia Central, no mar da China Meridional e no mar da China Oriental.
China s breakneck economic growth in the last decades has established the country as a great power of the first rank in the international system. Even with a slowdown in the rate of growth, it is widely believed that China will soon become the largest economy in the world. History suggests that China s economic rise will be followed by its political and military rise as well. According to the theory of offensive realism, China will seek to broaden its sphere of influence as it tries to establish a regional hegemony. This dissertation will defend that the One Belt, One Road initiative (OBOR) is the main tool at Beijing s disposal for the establishment of Chinese hegemony over Eurasia. By investing in infrastructure throughout the great landmass, China will create a land and sea transport network that will guarantee the country access to Eurasia s main trade and energy routes, reducing China s vulnerability with regards to the outflow of its exports and to the inflow of raw materials. The argument here presented is that the OBOR is a two-pronged strategy, simultaneously based on the theories of land power and sea power, according to the teachings of Halford J. Mackinder and Alfred T. Mahan, respectively. Lastly, the position of the United States, the main defenders of the present-day distribution of power, and those of the great powers that neighbor China will be analyzed, given that the continued expansion of China s international interests is creating tensions still far from being resolved, particularly in Central Asia, the South China Sea and the East China Sea.
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Books on the topic "Silk Roads"

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Hung, Eva P. W., and Tak-Wing Ngo, eds. Shadow Exchanges along the New Silk Roads. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988934.

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Long before China promulgated the official One Belt One Road initiatives, vast networks of cross-border exchanges already existed across Asia and Eurasia. The dynamics of such trade and resource flows have largely been outside state control, and are pushed to the realm of the shadow economy. The official initiative is a state-driven attempt to enhance the orderly flow of resources across countries along the Belt and Road, hence extending the reach of the states to the shadow economies. This volume offers a bottom-up view of the transborder informal exchanges across Asia and Eurasia, and analyses its clash and mesh with the state-orchestrated Belt and Road cooperation. By undertaking a comparative study of country cases along the new silk roads, the book underlines the intended and unintended consequences of such competing routes of connectivity on the socio-economic conditions of local communities.
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Arefian, Fatemeh Farnaz, and Seyed Hossein Iradj Moeini, eds. Urban Heritage Along the Silk Roads. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22762-3.

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The Silk Roads: A route and planning guide. 3rd ed. Hindhead: Trailblazer, 2010.

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Christian, D., and C. Benjamin, eds. Worlds of the Silk Roads: Ancient and Modern. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.5.112510.

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Christian, D., and C. Benjamin, eds. Realms of the Silk Roads: Ancient and Modern. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.5.112512.

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Japan) Nara International Symposium (1997 Nara-shi. The Silk Roads of Sanzō-hōshi, Xuanzang: The climate and his foot-steps : the Silk Roads Nara International Symposium '97. Nara, Japan: Nara International Foundation Commemorating the Silk Road Exposition, Research Center for Silk Roadology, 1997.

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Madsen, Axel. Silk roads: The Asian adventures of Clara & André Malraux. New York: Pharos Books, 1989.

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Madsen, Axel. Silk roads: The Asian adventures of Clara & André Malraux. New York: Pharos Books, 1989.

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Mukōda, Naoki. Sketches of the Silk Road: Rugged roads of Tianshan-Nanlu, China's western frontier. Tokyo, Japan: Bijutsu Shuppan-sha, 1989.

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Silk roads: The Asian adventures of Clara and André Malraux. London: Tauris, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Silk Roads"

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Christian, David. "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History." In Realms of the Silk Roads: Ancient and Modern, 67–94. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00075.

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Cansdale, Lena. "Jews on the Silk Roads." In Silk Road Studies, 23–30. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.srs-eb.4.00037.

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Meisterernst, Barbara. "Chinese language and the Silk Roads." In The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Applied Linguistics, 61–79. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315625157-5.

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Zhang, Jerry J. "Silk Roads and case country institutions." In Chinese Business and the Belt and Road Initiative, 12–25. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003166108-2.

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de Swielande, Tanguy Struye, and Dorothée Vandamme. "The New Silk Roads: Defining China’s Grand Strategy." In The Belt and Road Initiative, 3–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2564-3_1.

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Mazur, Joseph. "Silk and Royal Roads." In Enlightening Symbols. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691173375.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the important role played by the Silk and Royal roads in the spread of teaching and knowledge of philosophy, science, and mathematics during ancient times. The Silk Road was a series of land and sea routes criss-crossing Eurasia and connecting to other routes traveled mostly by Indian merchants, agents, and explorers. Formed sometime around the second century BC, it connected to the Royal Road in the Zagros Mountains of Persia. Commercial trade was done mostly through bartering, but fair bartering required at least a rough estimate of value, an understanding of conversions of weights and measures: square areas of silk, or weights of gold, or value of coin. The chapter describes the number system that allowed the Chinese to “name” large numbers, as well as the system of counting rods to do practical arithmetic.
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Herrera, Rene J., and Ralph Garcia-Bertrand. "The Silk Roads." In Ancestral DNA, Human Origins, and Migrations, 511–57. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804124-6.00014-8.

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"Building Silk Roads." In The Anime Boom in the United States, 52–83. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684175819_004.

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"Building Silk Roads:." In The Anime Boom in the United States, 52–83. Harvard University Asia Center, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrs9046.10.

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Urbaeva, Jildyz. "Redefining Silk Roads." In Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprises in Economic and Social Development, 185–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518298.003.0010.

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In this chapter on “Redefining Silk Roads: Social Businesses and Crafts as Approaches for Improving Women’s Situations in Central Asia,” the authors show how social entrepreneurship is only starting to evolve in Central Asian countries. Women experience multiple barriers to starting and carrying out social businesses successfully: a lack of capital, underdeveloped policies, and limited access to markets within the region and beyond. Despite these significant challenges, there are factors suggesting strong potential for success in the long term, such as local expertise and skills, access to training, and the support of international development organizations. Projects that have been implemented previously suggest the need for intermediary organizations that can increase access to global markets, advocate on behalf of social businesses, and improve access to capital investments. Improving social entrepreneurship models in the region will have not only financial and social gains for women and their communities; importantly, these models can provide psychosocial benefits as well, such as increasing women’s autonomy within the household and their ability for collective efficacy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Silk Roads"

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Mao, Yuqing, Haifeng Shen, and Chengzheng Sun. "Online silk road." In the 2013 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441911.

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Wang, Xiang, Xiangnan He, Liqiang Nie, and Tat-Seng Chua. "Item Silk Road." In SIGIR '17: The 40th International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080771.

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Christin, Nicolas. "Traveling the silk road." In the 22nd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488408.

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Marinov, Stoyan, Todor Dyankov, and Krasimira Yancheva. "SILC ROAD LOCAL CULTUTRE - CROSS-BORDER PROJECT DIMENSIONS." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.132.

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The authors of this research paper try to reveal the achieved interim results on the project SILC Road Local Culture (SILC) in its cross - border dimensions performed on behalf of the project team from the University of Economics - Varna. The discussion starts with some historical implications of the development of the Great Silk Road as a logical input basis for the contemporary initiatives organized by the Word Tourism Organization and UNESCO. The successful role of the UE-Varna SILC partner is explained in details through the reported project deliveries on the creation of the entrepreneuship SILCNET network and the SILCNET label. The SILC project is still in continuation and the evaluation of its direct influence on the local comunities is to come.
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Mao, Ning, and Michael McAleer. "Silk Road 4.0: Initiative Transformation for Chinese Silk Enterprise." In 2017 International Conference on Economics, Finance and Statistics (ICEFS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icefs-17.2017.37.

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Lee, Eunjo, Jiyoung Woo, Hyoungshick Kim, and Huy Kang Kim. "No Silk Road for Online Gamers!" In the 2018 World Wide Web Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186177.

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Shigang, Yan. "China's Neighborhood Energy Cooperation Strategy Under the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Marine Silk Road." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Humanities, and Management. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/asshm-14.2014.66.

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Wenxia, Xu, Li Guodong, and Tu Jun. "Hail Prevention Model Design on "Silk Road"." In 2016 International Conference on Smart City and Systems Engineering (ICSCSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscse.2016.0103.

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To'xtasinov, I. "“COMPETENCE” AND “COMPETENCE SCIENCE” IN TRANSLATION STUDIES THE NATURE OF THE TERMS." In GLOBAL AND NATIONAL VALUES ALONG GREAT SILK ROAD: LANGUAGE, EDUCATION AND CULTURE. SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/conf10.10.2020-1.

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The thesis deals with the problem of the concepts as competence and competency in Translation studies. It reveals in detail differences and similarities between these two concepts. Moreover, it is described the importance of professional and communicative competence of interpreters.
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Levchaev, Petr A., Khezazna Badar, and H. K. Al-Shaeli Mohammed. "Prospects of Investment Activity of Industrial Corporations in the Conditions of the Transformational Stage of Economic Development and Cooperation." In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development” (NSRBCPED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200324.001.

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Reports on the topic "Silk Roads"

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Cui, Peng, Yu Lei, and Shengnan Wu. Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction. International Science Council, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24948/2019.08.

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Christin, Nicolas. Traveling the Silk Road: A Measurement of a Large Anonymous Online Marketplace. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579383.

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Sucre, Carlos, Estefanía Marchán, and Ramón Espinasa. Financing the New Silk Road: Asian Investment in Latin America's Energy and Mineral Sectors. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000073.

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Espinasa, Ramón, Estefanía Marchán, and Carlos Sucre. The New Silk Road: Emerging Patterns in Asian-Latin American Trade for Energy & Minerals. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000018.

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