Journal articles: 'Silk Roads'

1

Christian, David. "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History." Journal of World History 11, no. 1 (2000): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2000.0004.

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Chong, Alan, and LHM Ling. "The Silk Roads." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891118793735.

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Marsden, Magnus. "Actually existing silk roads." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.11.006.

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This article explores the relevance of the concept of Silk Road for understanding the patterns of trade and exchange between China, Eurasia and the Middle East. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork in the city of Yiwu, in China's Zhejiang Province. Yiwu is a node in the global distribution of Chinese ‘small commodities’ and home to merchants and traders from across Asia and beyond. The article explores the role played by traders from Afghanistan in connecting the city of Yiwu to markets and trading posts in the world beyond. It seeks to bring attention to the diverse types of networks involved in such forms of trade, as well as their emergence and development over the past thirty years.

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Eom, Gu Ho. "Silk roads again: Revisiting roads connecting Eurasia." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.12.002.

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Litvinov, A. I. "POLITICS OF CONTEMPORARY “SILK ROADS”." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(49) (August 28, 2016): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-176-180.

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Recently in mass media we can find the idea about a new Silk Road or the concept of "Silk Road Economic Belt" which has been formulated by the Chinese PresidentXi Jinping on September 7,2013, during his official visit to Kazakhstan. This project is not only the creation of a transport, power and trade corridor, and also the project which will promote development of tourism in the region and to strengthening of cultural exchanges of China with the countries of Central Asia, it also includes construction of a network of high-speed fiber-optical networks. The economic strip of the Silk Road will begin in China and pass across the Central and the Southern Asia, part of branches across the territory of the Russian Federation and to leave to Europe. This international investment project assumes creation of a continental transport way. For implementation of overland part of "A great Silk Road is a three railway corridors (northern, central have to be constructed and southern) They have form a basis for development of other means of transport, including automobile subsequently. Construction of these three railway corridors acts as the most important and necessary stage of implementation of the project. The government of China declares that creation of an economic belt of the Silk way is a revival of once prospering trade-transport and cultural corridor from Asia to Europe which will promote activization of a friendly exchange between the people of the different countries. Further all this has to connect trade and economic space of Europe and Asia in a whole that has to serve implementation of deeper economic cooperation, between the countries participating in him, to increase in a trade turnover and expansion of scientific and technical exchanges between them.

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Fierke, KM, and Francisco Antonio-Alfonso. "Language, entanglement and the new Silk Roads." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891118762521.

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Observers have tended to place the Silk Road proposals in the context of ‘China’s rise’, and its increasing influence and interests in Central, South and South-East Asia. From a realist perspective, China, like any expanding state, poses a potential threat. From a liberal angle, it is expanding the space for cooperation. Both models rely on an individualist ontology that highlights the interests of individual states. The potential of the Silk Roads looks somewhat different if approached from the perspective of a more relational ontology and a concept of entanglement. We draw on a few claims from Alexander Wendt’s (2015) recent book as a framework for examining the emerging reality of the new ‘Silk Roads’. What are the implications of this ontological shift for thinking about the Chinese ‘Silk Road’ proposal? We develop three specific claims as part of a reflection on this context: first, language use is a form of measurement that shapes and transforms reality; second, language use is an expression of entanglement; and third, leaders have a large role in ‘collapsing wave functions’ around specific potentials. While some of the themes that arise in this discussion are compatible with other arguments about the role of language, the quantum angle provides a more explicit point of departure for discussing the ‘physical’ dimensions of language use, the multiple layers of meaning within which the OBOR is embedded and its relational ontology.

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Ostrowski, Donald. "Inner Asia: Empires and Silk Roads." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 13, no. 1 (2012): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2012.0000.

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Steinwender, Clemens Leopold. "Die Seidenstraße. Konnektivität als Motor von „Grobalization“ und „Glocalization“ am Beispiel des chinesischen Buddhismus." historia.scribere, no. 11 (June 17, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.11.802.

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The following paper deals with the connectivity of the Silk Roads and how these networks function as a driving force of globalizing phenomena, especially of Grobalization and Glocalization, demonstrated by the example of Chinese Buddhism. It will examine the advent of Buddhism and its spread via the Silk Roads, the Chinese response to this new religion, the pilgrim journeys of Chinese monks to India, and the case study of Dunhuang. As will be shown, the networks of the Silk Roads formed a stable basis for the spread of Buddhism to China, amongst other things due to their continuity and the support of official and private institutions.

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Akiner, Shirin. "SILK ROADS, GREAT GAMES AND CENTRAL ASIA." Asian Affairs 42, no. 3 (November 2011): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2011.605601.

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Ono, Kinji, Takeo Yamamoto, Toshiro Kamiuchi, Asanobu Kitamoto, Frederic Andres, Sonoko Sato, and Elham Andaroodi. "Progress of the Digital Silk Roads project." Progress in Informatics, no. 1 (March 2005): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2201/niipi.2005.1.8.

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Kovács, Szilvia, and Márton Vér. "Mongols and the Silk Roads: an Overview." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 74, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2021.00009.

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Lin, Weiqiang, and Qi Ai. "‘Aerial Silk Roads’: Airport Infrastructures in China's Belt and Road Initiative." Development and Change 51, no. 4 (July 2020): 1123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dech.12606.

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Kudaibergenova, Diana T. "“My Silk Road to You”: Re-imagining routes, roads, and geography in contemporary art of “Central Asia”." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.11.007.

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This paper re-focuses the Silk Road discussions from the position of contemporary art in Central Asian region. Since the late 1980s contemporary art in Central Asia boomed and it eventually became an alternative public space for the discussion of cultural transformations, social and global processes and problems that local societies faced. Initially the questions raised by many artists concerned issues of lost identity and lost heritage during the period of Soviet domination in the region. Different artists started re-imagining the concept of the Self in their works and criticising the old rigid approaches to geography, history and mobility. Nomadic heritage became one of the central themes in contemporary art of Central Asia in the 1990s. Artists started experimenting with symbols of mobility, fluid borders and imagined geography of the “magic steppe” (see Kudaibergenova 2017, “Punk Shamanism”). Contemporary art in Central Asia continues to serve as a space for social critique and a space for search and re-conceptualisation of new fluid identities, geographies and region's place on the world map. In this paper I critically evaluate three themes connected to the symbolism of Silk Road heritage that many artists engage with – imagined geography, routes, roads and mobility. All three themes are present in the selected case studies of Gulnara Kasmalieva's and Muratbek Djumaliev's TransSiberian Amazons (2005) and A New Silk Road: Algorithm of Survival and Hope (2007) multi-channel video art, Victor and Elena Vorobievs’ (Non)Silk Road (2006) performance and photography, Almagul Menlibayeva's My Silk Road to You video-art and photography (2010–2011), Yerbossyn Meldibekov's series on imagining Central Asia and the Mountains of Revolution (2012–2015), and Syrlybek Bekbotaev's Kyrgyz Pass installation (2014–2015) as well as Defenders of Issyk Kul (2014). I trace how artists modernise, mutate and criticise main discourses about Silk Road and what impact this has on the re-imagination processes.

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Wahlquist, Håkan. "Albert Herrmann: A missing link in establishing the Silk Road as a concept for Trans-Eurasian networks of trade." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (August 2020): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420911410a.

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The Silk Road, or Silk Roads, has proven to be a productive but at the same time elusive concept, increasingly used as an evocative metaphor. With China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’, it has found fresh invocations and audiences. After it was coined by Ferdinand von Richthofen in the 19th century it might very well have been forgotten in the 20th century if it had not been used by Sven Hedin in 1936 as a book title. And Hedin may not have used it if he had not worked closely with the German historical geographer Albert Herrmann. This paper explores these interactions, which have had enduring consequences.

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Greiman, A. "Building Bridges on the Silk Road: A Strategy for Vietnam." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 5, no. 5 (2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.55.3005.

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In March 2015, the Chinese government published an official document entitled “Vision and Actions on Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road,” commonly known by the Chinese as “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR, 2015). The purpose of this massive initiative is to instill vigor and vitality into the ancient Silk Road, connecting Asian, European and African countries and their adjacent seas, more closely and to promote mutually beneficial cooperation to a new high and in new forms. Despite the establishment of the initiative, there has been very little scholarly discussion on the role of foreign direct investment in the important countries on the Silk Road and the impact of these investments on the people of these less-developed regions of the world. Vietnam is a critical partner in this initiative because it shares both maritime and land frontiers with China. Vietnam also serves as China’s largest trading partner in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with two-way trade approaching $75 billion in 2016. China has always expressed a preference for bilateral negotiations in the contested waters of the Maritime Silk Road, despite efforts by ASEAN and other regional organizations to develop more multilateral approaches. Through empirical research, this paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities for China in advancing Silk Road initiatives bilaterally with Vietnam as one of its most important strategic partners. The paper also sets forth Vietnam’s strengths and challenges in integrating its own Five-Year Development Plan into strategic partnerships, regional trade agreements and bilateral arrangements on the Belt and Silk Road including how the country can improve its strategy for foreign direct investment. Through integrating the development strategies of Vietnam, the overall plans for expansion of the Belt and Maritime Silk Roads may become a reality, and serve as a model to facilitate trade and investment throughout the region.

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16

Nobis, Adam. "The New Silk Road, Old Concepts of Globalization, and New Questions." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0019.

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Abstract New Silk Roads and their economic, political and cultural aspects are new components of our modernity. As such, they raise questions and call for new studies. They are best addressed within interdisciplinary approaches exploring a wide range of subjects across a variety of geographical and historical settings. The cultural facets of the new developments (meanings, values, norms and their multiculturalism) cannot be examined out of their economic and political contexts. To make sense of the New Silk Road(s) phenomenon, connections among different geographical locations must be studied alongside the links between the past and the present. For this reason, I consider my manuscript to be suitable for publication in Open Cultural Studies. New Silk Roads can also be seen as a species of globalisation, and I hope that my contribution will propel academic discussions in the field of global studies, seeking to provide answers to such queries as: Are we witnessing the rise of a new globalisation and a new global order? How can they be related to the present and past ones? Do we need new global theories to grasp them or are the existing frameworks still adequate?

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Sinor, Denis. "Languages and Cultural Interchange along the Silk Roads." Diogenes 43, no. 171 (September 1995): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039219219504317102.

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Vergeron, Karine Lisbonne de. "The New Silk Roads: European Perceptions and Perspectives." International Studies 55, no. 4 (October 2018): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881718812308.

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Bhatia, P. "The Silk Roads, Highways of Culture and Commerce." Indian Historical Review 32, no. 2 (July 2005): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360503200215.

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Fodde, Enrico. "Fired Brick Conservation in the Kyrgyz Silk Roads." Journal of Architectural Conservation 14, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2008.10785017.

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Kumada, Naoko. "Margin to mainstream, periphery to center." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 3, no. 3 (January 3, 2018): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891117749947.

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Once one of the most remote and forgotten regions in the world, the rugged upland of Myanmar, between China and India, is moving from periphery to center. Both resource rich and strategically critical, this mountainous area bordering five countries plays a role of heightened geopolitical significance with the opening up of Myanmar, the rise of China, and India’s attempt to ‘Act East.’ As a way to explore the Silk Road Ethos, by decolonizing the global order and understanding local contexts (Ling and Perrigoue, 2018), this article focuses on the upland region of Myanmar where the southern land routes of the old Silk Roads pass. The relatively unknown routes are now being revived, as the China-led ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) strategy gains momentum. Building on classic descriptions of the anthropological context for the region’s resistance against and accommodation with the economic and political claims of the continental states whose ‘roads’ traverse it, the article will explore new ways to think about the upland as it undergoes a transformation that places it at the heart of the rise of a new Asia.

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Brakman, Steven, Peter Frankopan, Harry Garretsen, and Charles Van Marrewijk. "The New Silk Roads: an introduction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy037.

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Zhussupbekov, A. Zh, F. S. Temirova, A. A. Riskulov, and A. R. Omarova. "INVESTIGATIONS OF HISTORICAL CITIESOF UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN AS OBJECTS OF THE SILK WAY." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2020-16-1-147-155.

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Since ancient times, the cities of Uzbekistan and Kazakstan have gained worldwide fame, like pearls scattered along the Great Silk Road, they sparkle under the bright sun. Cities of modern Uzbekistan have existed for thousands of years - Tashkent (2200 years), Termez, Bukhara, Khiva (2500 years), Shakhrisabz and Karshi (2700 years), Samarkand (2750 years), Margilan (2000 years), Almaty (1000 years), Turkestan (2000 years), Chimkent (2200 years) and Taraz (2000 years). In Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, numerous collections, repositories, archives and libraries preserve the richest collections of manuscripts collected over many centuries. And all thanks to its favorable location in a picturesque oasis, almost in the center of the network of roads of the Great Silk Road.

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Tomaszewska, Paula. "Cyfrowy Jedwabny Szlak i wzrastające znaczenie Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w rywalizacji o technologiczne przywództwo na świecie." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej 19 (2021): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.20.053.13493.

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The Digital Silk Road and the growing significance of the People’s Republic of China in the competition over technological supremacy in the world Over the past few years, many scientists have analyzed China’s Belt and Road Initiative, but very few have studied a significant component of this initiative – the Digital Silk Road (DSR). Although the attention regarding the implementation of the Belt and Road initiative is focused mainly on the implementation of international transport infrastructure projects, such as roads, railways or ports, it seems important to pay attention to the technological component of this project. The main goal of the article is to present the most comprehensive information possible on the Digital Silk Road and to investigate Chinese activities in this area. It should be emphasized that the early stage of development, namely the planning of the Belt and Road Initiative, as well as the Digital Silk Road, raises many scientific questions, such as: what is the Digital Silk Road? What actions have been taken to implement it? What challenges and threats can it generate? Will the Digital Silk Road contribute to an even greater exposure – the technological, growing role of China in the world? Undoubtedly, the Digital Silk Road, which is a platform promoting the development of digital connections between the countries participating in the initiative, can help spread Chinese digital “inventions – products.” In addition, it may contribute to facilitating the economic and social development of the countries along the initiative, thus improving the level of economic development of the beneficiary countries and generating new international competitive advantages. The Digital Silk Road is an inherent requirement for building China’s digital power in the world, and therefore a current and very important research area. The work on this article uses desk research on the changing position of the People’s Republic of China in the competition for technological leadership in the world, as well as the consequences it entails.

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Sidle, Roy C. "Dark Clouds over the Silk Road: Challenges Facing Mountain Environments in Central Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229467.

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Central Asia is a vital link in the huge Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that follows much of the ancient Silk Road routes in this region. Other than the economic expansion and trade benefits associated with this complex infrastructure system, little is known about the many of the exogenous issues and direct environmental and socioeconomic impacts surrounding the BRI in Central Asia. This opinion paper takes a sharper look at some of these externalities and potential effects through a sustainability lens. Major environmental concerns focus on the proliferation of spur roads that will develop off upgraded or new Belt Roads to promote exploitation of natural resources. Steep, high-elevation landscapes in the Pamirs and Tien Shan pose problems for road location and construction, and the history of road building in less formidable terrain in Yunnan, China is unsustainable, leading to epic landslide and gully erosion, which degrade river systems. Furthermore, many socioeconomic issues may arise like debt dependencies of poor countries, spread of communicable diseases into remote communities, depletion of mineral resources, and implicit compliance with pro-China policies. While some of the poorer post-Soviet nations can reap short-term benefits from BRI plans, it is urged that they assess the long-term sustainability of BRI development and play an active role in determining the conditions for implementation.

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Yixiong, Zhao. "Painting the Silk Roads: A Meditation on the past." Leonardo 24, no. 4 (1991): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1575515.

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Scarth, Todd. "The Silk Roads: A New History of the World." Terrae Incognitae 49, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2017.1353293.

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Tryjarski, Edward. "The Geographic and Linguistic Status of the Silk Roads." Diogenes 43, no. 171 (September 1995): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039219219504317103.

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Eliseyev, Vadim. "Project for a Comprehensive Study of the Silk Roads." Diogenes 43, no. 171 (September 1995): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039219219504317110.

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Warner, Malcolm. "The silk roads: a new history of the world." Asia Pacific Business Review 23, no. 3 (September 20, 2016): 464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1229391.

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Fodde, Enrico. "Conservation and Conflict in the Central Asian Silk Roads." Journal of Architectural Conservation 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2010.10785063.

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van Dijk, Paul. "The Silk Roads. A New History of the World." Europe-Asia Studies 69, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2017.1314620.

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Mishra, Ravi K. "The ‘Silk Road’: Historical Perspectives and Modern Constructions." Indian Historical Review 47, no. 1 (June 2020): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983620922431.

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As it is frequently the case in the modern world, the term ‘Silk Road’ or ‘Silk Roads’ is of colonial provenance. The elaborate network of ancient routes originating in the fourth millennium bc and linking various parts of the Eurasian landmass through Central Asia was re-imagined and reinvented in the late nineteenth century as a ‘Silk Road’ connecting China with the Roman Empire, thereby undermining the role of the steppe with its various nomadic and oasis cultures which had always been at the heart of this Eurasian system of trade and other exchange. Ever since, historiography has focussed on the role of sedentary civilisations in this system of exchange, with a particular emphasis on China and the West, thus undermining the role of other sedentary civilisations such as India. Contrary to the dominant narrative, the antiquity of the Eurasian trade network goes back to several millennia before the rise of either the Han Empire or Rome. Whereas this network did connect the agrarian civilisations, this happened primarily through the agency of central Asian intermediaries whose culmination is represented by the rise of the vast Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century. The idea of the ‘Silk Road(s)’ is thus anachronistic in the sense that it is a backward projection of present into the historical past, especially in view of the fact that silk was only one among several important items of exchange, such as horses, cotton, precious stones, and furs.

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설배환. "Modularization of Cultures on the Silk Roads and its Variables ― An Observation and Interview of the Project Team “Mapping the Digital Silk Roads” ―." CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES 23, no. 2 (December 2018): 55–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29174/cas.2018.23.2.003.

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Frachetti, Michael D., C. Evan Smith, Cynthia M. Traub, and Tim Williams. "Nomadic ecology shaped the highland geography of Asia’s Silk Roads." Nature 543, no. 7644 (March 2017): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21696.

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Dellios, Rosita. "Silk Roads of the Twenty-first Century: The Cultural Dimension." Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 4, no. 2 (March 24, 2017): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app5.172.

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Prazniak, Roxann. "Tabriz on the Silk Roads: Thirteenth-Century Eurasian Cultural Connections." Asian review of World Histories 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2013): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12773/arwh.2013.1.2.169.

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Alff, Henryk. "Belts and roads every- and nowhere: Conceptualizing infrastructural corridorization in the Indian Ocean." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (August 2020): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420911410c.

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This article scrutinizes the Maritime Silk Road Initiative by framing it not as a static, state-centric device to channel Chinese developmental ambitions, but by emphasizing the flexible character of its production and the provisional configuration of its materialization. It draws on assemblage theory as a conceptual angle to, on the one hand, focus on the agentive character of human and non-human ‘actors’ such as ‘traveling’ discourses of development or infrastructures to explore Maritime Silk Road Initiative’s materialization ‘on the ground’ in its emergent rather than resultant way, on the other.

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Ling, LHM. "Three-ness: Healing world politics with epistemic compassion." Politics 39, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263395718783351.

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Epistemic compassion can help to heal world politics. It mitigates almost six centuries of Eurocentric ‘epistemic violence’ and ‘epistemicide’ with a trialectical epistemology that bridges even seemingly irreconcilable opposites. Buddhists call this process Interbeing. I draw on Daoist yin/yang dynamics for epistemology and the ancient Silk Roads as an exemplar. Subsequently, I apply this analysis to a watershed development in our contemporary political economy: China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI). A $1 trillion investment scheme to link China with Europe and Russia through Central Asia, Africa, and the Indian Ocean, the BRI provokes charges of reproducing Europe’s 19th-century’s Great Game on a 21st-century scale. A trialectical epistemology offers another mode and model of global interaction for the BRI. It highlights the possibility of local agency and global responsibility for the BRI. I ask: Can epistemic compassion turn this 5.0 version of Asian Capitalism into a 2.0 version of the Silk Road Ethos? The potential exists, I argue.

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López, Alba María. "Review of Peter Frankopan, Silk Roads. A New History Of World." Nuevas de Indias. Anuario del CEAC 4 (December 28, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/nueind.61.

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Vileikis, Ona. "Monitoring serial transnational World Heritage – the Central Asian Silk Roads experience." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 7, no. 2-3 (April 21, 2016): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2016.1172795.

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Diener, Alexander C. "Parsing mobilities in Central Eurasia: border management and New Silk Roads." Eurasian Geography and Economics 56, no. 4 (July 4, 2015): 376–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2015.1078736.

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ESCOBAR, PEPE. "Silk Roads, Night Trains, and the Third Industrial Revolution in China." New Perspectives Quarterly 33, no. 1 (January 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/npqu.12020.

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Shah, Abdur Rehman. "The New Silk Roads: the present and future of the world." Global Change, Peace & Security 32, no. 3 (July 17, 2020): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2020.1779208.

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Hammed Al-Badrani, Adnan Khalaf i., and Hind Ziyad Nafeih. "The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges." Tikrit Journal For Political Science, no. 19 (May 24, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v0i19.216.

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The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation. It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country. The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

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Casarini, Nicola. "When All Roads Lead to Beijing. Assessing China’s New Silk Road and its Implications for Europe." International Spectator 51, no. 4 (October 2016): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2016.1224491.

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PROSKURIAKOV, MAKSIM. "INTERNATIONAL PROJECT “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD”: SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-4-132-136.

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The purpose of the research is to carry out a semantic and pragmatic analysis of the concept “One Belt, One Road”. Methodology. The work integrates a complex of modern approaches and methods, the main of them are the ideas and principles of the traditional cultural-historical method, which provided an analysis of the etymology of the concept and the features of the translation “One Belt, One Road”. Linguistic analysis of hieroglyphs, word usage and interpretation of words made it possible to analyze the structural elements of the concept “One Belt, One Road”. Main results. It was determined that the project presented by the PRC mythologizes the former Silk Road, since a priori it defines its belonging exclusively to the Chinese civilization. This project semantically incorporates all the previous Silk Roads, in fact, polemicizing with the Western worldview and returning to the sinocentric model of worldview. As a result of the study, it is shown that “One Belt, One Road” is the Chinese way of thinking about creating an all-encompassing road, at the same time mythologizing and globalizing the ancient Silk Road in order to solve the current problems of the PRC. Application of the study. The materials and conclusions of the research can be used in university courses in political linguistics, in special courses and special seminars in Sinology, when writing coursework, qualification and dissertation papers. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the analysis of the concept “One Belt, One Road” was first carried out in the context of semantics and pragmatics. Such a study provides not only an opportunity to once again analyze the concept of “One Belt, One Road”, but also to trace the influence of the Chinese ethnic mentality on its political and economic processes in the world.

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Menhas, Rashid, Shahid Mahmood, Papel Tanchangya, Muhammad Nabeel Safdar, and Safdar Hussain. "Sustainable Development under Belt and Road Initiative: A Case Study of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor’s Socio-Economic Impact on Pakistan." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 6143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216143.

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The restoration of the ancient Silk Road intends to reconnect China with Africa, the Middle East, and Europe through a railway network, airports, roads, seaports, and an optical fiber system. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has three components. One Belt, One Road (OBOR) is based upon two parts of the BRI; the maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road economic belt. OBOR is based upon six economic corridors. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the smartest corridor under OBOR, which passes only through Pakistan, and after completion, will provide a safe and cheap route for China to import oil and energy. CPEC is a multidimensional project under which much infrastructure development initiative has been started to improve the infrastructure and economic development of Pakistan. Infrastructure development is an essential requirement in economic growth, one which further leads to industrialization and is helpful in economic development. The present study was conducted in Pakistan and explored how infrastructure development under the CPEC is useful for the sustainable development of Pakistan, as well as which kind of infrastructure development projects have been included in the CPEC to improve the socio-economic paradigm of Pakistan. A sample of 500 respondents was selected through a multistage sampling technique from the two-node cities. A questionnaire survey was used to collect primary data. The results of the study show that the CPEC is a catalyst for Pakistan to improve its socio-economic conditions and to achieve sustainable development. The participants of the survey agreed that CPEC will improve the socio-economic paradigm of Pakistan and will be helpful in the achievement of sustainable development goals.

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Silver, M., M. Törmä, K. Silver, J. Okkonen, and M. Nuñez. "Remote sensing, landscape and archaeology tracing ancient tracks and roads between Palmyra and the Euphrates in Syria." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W3 (August 12, 2015): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w3-279-2015.

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The present paper concentrates on the use of remote sensing by satellite imagery for detecting ancient tracks and roads in the area between Palmyra and the Euphrates in Syria. The Syrian desert was traversed by caravans already in the Bronze Age, and during the Greco-Roman period the traffic increased with the Silk Road and trade as well as with military missions annexing the areas into empires. SYGIS - the Finnish archaeological survey and mapping project traced, recorded and documented ancient sites and roads in the region of Jebel Bishri in Central Syria in 2000-2010 before the outbreak of the civil war in Syria. Captured data of ancient roads and bridge points bring new light to the study of ancient communication framework in the area. Archaeological research carried out by the project on the ground confirmed the authenticity of many road alignments, new military and water harvesting sites as well as civilian settlements, showing that the desert-steppe area was actively used and developed probably from the second century AD. The studies further demonstrated that the area between Palmyra and the Euphrates was militarily more organised already in the second and third centuries AD than earlier believed. Chronologically, the start of this coincided with the “golden age” of the Palmyrene caravans in the second century AD. Topography and landscape were integral parts of the construction of graves/tumuli as sign-posts guiding in the desert, as well as roads and all kinds of settlements whether military or civilian.

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Vileikis, Ona, Mario Santana Quintero, Koen Van Balen, Barbara Dumont, and Vincent Tigny. "Information Management Systems for Cultural Heritage and Conservation of World Heritage Sites. The Silk Roads Case Study." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.45.

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This paper discusses the application of Information Management Systems (IMS) in cultural heritage. IMS offer a set of tools for understanding, inventorying and documenting national, regional and World Heritage properties. Information Management Systems can assist State Parties, stakeholders and heritage site managers involved in cultural heritage management and conservation by easily mining, sharing and exchanging information from multiple sources based on international standards. Moreover, they aim to record, manage, visualize, analyze and disseminate heritage information. In close collaboration with five Central Asian countries, namely, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan; a Belgian consortium headed by the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation (RLICC), K.U.Leuven is developing the Silk Roads Cultural Heritage Resource Information System (CHRIS). This Web-based Information Management System supports the preparation of the Central Asia Silk Roads serial and transnational nominations on the UNESCO World Heritage list. The project has been set up thanks to the financial support of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and in collaboration with UNESCO World Heritage Centre in conjunction with the People’s Republic of China and the Japanese Funds-in-Trust UNESCO project. It provides a holistic approach for the recording, documenta tion, protection and monitoring tasks as part of the management of these potential World Heritage Properties. The Silk Roads CHRIS is easily accessible to the general user, presented in a bilingual English and Russian frame and interoperable, i.e. open for other applications to connect to. In this way, all information for the nomination dossiers is easily verified regarding consistency and quality and ready for managing, periodic reporting and monitoring processes in the respect to the property listed. Fina lly, this study provides a general framework to establish the effectiveness and limits of the use of information systems for serial transnational nominations of World Heritage Properties and to demonstrate the potentials of an improved heritage documentation system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Silk Roads'

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