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Journal articles on the topic 'Silk trade in the 19th century'

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Published: 24 May 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Firro, Kais. "Silk and Agrarian Changes in Lebanon, 1860–1914." International Journal of Middle East Studies 22, no. 2 (1990): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800033353.

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The production of silk on Mount Lebanon dates back to the time of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. From his reign in the 7th century until the 19th century, despite fluctuations in the production of silk, Mount Lebanon and parts of the Bekaa valley continued to produce “Syrian silk.” In the latter part of the 19th century, silk production on Mount Lebanon and elsewhere even expanded, as new areas for growing mulberry trees were added along the coast from Antioch to Sidon.Studies on silk production in Syria, such as those of Gaston Ducousso, Dominique Chevallier, Roger Owen, and Boutros Labaki,

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Imasheva, Marina. "Cotton Trade at the Astrakhan Port in the First Half of the 19th Century." ISTORIYA 15, no. 3 (137) (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840030318-8.

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In the structure of Russian-Asian trade, Astrakhan from the middle of the 19th century to the middle of the 19th century played an important role as practically the main trade gateway to the East. For centuries, Central Asian and Persian merchants brought “works” of their countries to the Astrakhan port. In the first place in the structure of import trade here were raw materials for the Russian textile industry — silk and “Bukhara” and Persian cotton. Based on the analysis of the available data from the office of the Astrakhan Governor and the customs authorities, we were able to analyze the v

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Wahlquist, Håkan. "Albert Herrmann: A missing link in establishing the Silk Road as a concept for Trans-Eurasian networks of trade." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (2020): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420911410a.

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The Silk Road, or Silk Roads, has proven to be a productive but at the same time elusive concept, increasingly used as an evocative metaphor. With China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’, it has found fresh invocations and audiences. After it was coined by Ferdinand von Richthofen in the 19th century it might very well have been forgotten in the 20th century if it had not been used by Sven Hedin in 1936 as a book title. And Hedin may not have used it if he had not worked closely with the German historical geographer Albert Herrmann. This paper explores these interactions, which have had enduring co

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Thomas, Riley, Jocelyn Alcantára-García, and Jan Wouters. "A Snapshot of Viennese Textile History using Multi-Instrumental analysis: Benedict codecasa’s swatchbook." MRS Advances 2, no. 63 (2017): 3959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.604.

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AbstractThe Habsburg Empire was a sovereign dynasty ruled by the Habsburgs between the 15th and 20th centuries. Although its borders were not defined before the 19th century, what is now Austria, Hungary, some areas of the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Italy were at some point part of the Empire. Starting in the 17th century, the Empire had Vienna as the capital, which was a hub for culture and craft where silk was a valued commodity. Despite the political and cultural importance of the Empire, little is known of its trade practices and sources of raw material. Using a combination of X-R

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Galli, Marco. "Beyond frontiers: Ancient Rome and the Eurasian trade networks." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.12.001.

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During the second half of the 19th century, the Roman Empire was already considered one of the key players inside the Eurasian networks. This research focuses on four relevant points. From a historiographical perspective, the reconstruction of the trading routes represented a central theme in the history of the relationship between the Roman Empire and the Far East. Imagining a plurality of itineraries and combinations of overland and sea routes, it is possible to reconstruct a complex reality in which the Eurasian networks during the Early Roman Empire developed. As far as economics is concer

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Song, Tianyi, and Xiangyang Bian. "The Origin and Development of Pongee in Shandong in Modern China." Asian Social Science 18, no. 3 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v18n3p21.

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Pongee, also known as Shantung, originated and developed in Shandong, China is already a consensus in the academic community; China&#39;s modern era (late 19th century to the 1940s) is the golden period of pongee development, the influence of this period shantung all over the world. However, the origin and development of pongee in Shandong Province, the reasons for the current very few scholars to study. The article from the natural, historical, political, economic, and cultural perspectives explore the reasons for its origin in Shandong, summarizing the suitable geography, climate, reelin

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Valovaya, M. D. "CHANGES IN FOREIGN TRADE POLICY MAJOR INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF TURBULENCE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-37-46.

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Turbulent states, structural changes and systemic crises of the world economy have been one of the decisive factors influencing the activity of large integration associations in all centuries. A particularly clear example is the integration processes in the Eurasian space. «The Great Silk Road» – a huge branched system of caravan routes. The Great Silk Road was a kind of connecting link between countries, civilization and socio-economic systems. The path «From the Varangians to the Greeks functioned along the Volga route. The end of the 17th and the first quarter of the 18th centuries was the

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Chiu, Patrick. "From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West." Chinese Medicine and Culture 6, no. 4 (2023): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mc9.0000000000000088.

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In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi (energy), Wu Xing (five elements), and yin (feminine, dark, negative) and yang (masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu (acupuncture), Ben Cao (materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong (energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine (Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China’s western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao (the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime S

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Voukelatos, John. "Provenance Lost and Found: Alfred Bourguignon." KOINON: The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies 1 (January 1, 2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/k.v1i.1156.

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On the 22nd October 2017 the Swiss numismatic firm Nomos offered at auction a silver didrachm minted by the Campanian city of Nola. Unbeknownst to the auction house this coin was once in the collection of Alfred Bourguignon. Although little is known about this 19th century collector, he is recorded by the Almanach de Gotha as being the deputy of the Netherlands Consulate in Naples. He was also a partner in the prominent 19th century Neapolitan bank, Banca Meuricoffre, founded by Achilles Meuricoffre and continued by his two sons Oscar and Tell; he was also their distant cousin. The Meuricoffre

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Nurhasanah, Siti, Marthen Napang, and Syaiful Rohman. "ANALYZING AMERICAN VALUES IN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI)." vol 5 issue 15 5, no. 15 (2019): 1439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.592116.

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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was initiated by Xi Jinping after being elected as the president of China in 2012. BRI connects Asia, Africa, and Europe based on shared-destiny to created trade routes integrates main centers of economic vitality. This project gave benefit for all participating countries, such as providing help for poorer regions. Even China created a financial system that supports this project, called The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and The New Development Bank (NDB). China's efforts to expand its influence in the world are similar to US efforts in the 19th

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Parihar, Seema. "SINO-INDIA ECONOMIC RELATIONS: A DIFFUSED ADVENTURE THROUGH THE AGES." mLAC Journal for Arts, Commerce and Sciences (m-JACS) ISSN: 2584-1920 2, no. 4 (2024): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.59415/mjacs.v2i4.176.

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Sino-India relations have a long and complex history, often referred to as Sino-India Relations or Indo-China Relations. This relationship describes the mutual interactions between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of India (RI). While the two nations have experienced numerous conflicts and disputes, there have also been periods of alliance and amiable engagement. Historically, Chinese travelers, such as Fa Hian, visited India to gain knowledge and insight. Fa Hian, a prominent Chinese traveler, journeyed to India during the Gupta period in the 4th century CE. Diplomatic an

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Schmid, Boris V., Ulf Büntgen, W. Ryan Easterday, et al. "Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 10 (2015): 3020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412887112.

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The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as the consequence of a singular introduction of Yersinia pestis, after which the disease established itself in European rodents over four centuries. To locate these putative plague reservoirs, we studied the climate fluctuations that preceded regional plague epidemics, based on a d

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Melikova, Leyli, and Shafa Aliyev. "Economic-historical aspects of the development of Karabakh (18-21 centuries)." InterConf, no. 39(179) (November 20, 2023): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.11.2023.003.

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The economic and historical aspects of the development of Karabakh in the 18th-21st centuries were studied in the article. Starting from the 18th century, the development processes of Karabakh, especially the stages of the formation and development of the city of Shusha, were analyzed. The chronology of trade and economic relations in Karabakh in the 19th century is given. It was stated that the city of Shusha is one of the important strategic points on the Great Silk Road. The problems and artificial interventions in the socio-economic development of Karabakh during the former USSR period are

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Al Fairusy MA, Muhajir. "KONTESTASI KUASA DALAM PERDAGANGAN REMPAH DI PANTAI BARAT DAN SELATAN ACEH ABAD KE 18 HINGGA 19 M." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 14, no. 1 (2024): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v14i1.1421.

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The spice route has become a national discourse in the context of strengthening the Indonesian nation's maritime cultural identity. As one of the big nations, the archipelago was once a cross-national melting pot in the context of hunting and trading spices on an international scale. After all, spices were the prima donna commodity of their time, which raised the name of the archipelago to the international trade stage. This research was conducted to find out the history of the spice route in one of the archipelago regions, especially in Aceh. After all, Islam and the spice trade have become a

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He, Xing. "Chinoiserie in Russian culture before XX century." World of Russian-speaking countries 4, no. 10 (2021): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2021-4-10-127-141.

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The article deals with the content and meaning of the Chinoiserie art style, which appeared in Europe in the 17th century and is based on traditional Chinese culture. It has distinct Chinese features and reflects a lot of Chinese elements. Chinoiserie still has a great influence on world culture in various spheres of art. The main focus is on the formation and spread of chinoiserie in Russia, which was related to the beginning of the Enlightenment era, the development of Chinese-Russian trade, and the published works on sinology that appeared at that time. In addition, the geographical proximi

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Nepomnin, Oleg E. "The Foreign Policy Doctrine of Traditional China." Oriental Courier, no. 3-4 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310018001-9.

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The article is a continuation of the cycle of theoretical works by Oleg E. Nepomnin (1935–2020) published in previous issues of the “Oriental Courier” [Nepomnin, 2019, 2020, 2021]. Oleg Nepomnin was among the most brilliant theorists of the development of Eastern societies. The author considers the foreign policy doctrine of traditional China as an integral part of China’s social perceptions of the world order. Based on the concepts of “world–cosmos” and “world-society”, the Chinese foreign policy doctrine was based on the fundamental idea of the oneness of the world order. In the “world of me

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17

Nikhil, Yadav. "East India Company Origin and Impact." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 5 (2018): 1217–20. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17074.

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Between early 1600s and the mid 19th century, the British East India Company lead the establishment and expansion of international trade to Asia and subsequently leading to economic and political domination of the entire Indian subcontinent. It all started when the East India Company, or the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies", as it was originally named, obtained a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I, granting it "monopoly at the trade with the East". A joint stock company, shares owned primarily by British merchants and aristocrats,

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Dubrovskaya, Dinara V. "From Marco Polo’s Cathay to Matteo Ricci’s Sinae: Why China Is Called This Way." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025616-4.

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The paper discusses the reasons that led to the identification of China in Europe as a country described by Venetian merchant Marco Polo under the name “Cathay” (formerly a silk-producing country, with which the Roman Empire indirectly traded). Based on the observa-tions and notes of travelers and diplomats, at the end of the 16th century the Jesuits put for-ward a hypothesis about the correspondence of the semi-mythical Kingdom of Prester John, Cathay and Sinae, as European travelers called southern Ming China. The task was solved by the Portuguese Jesuit traveler Bento de Góis (1562–1607), w

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Dąbrowski, Karol, Tomasz Dorożyński, and Piotr Marciniak. "The Justification of the Sectoral Model of Chambers of Commerce – Polish Perspective." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, no. 5 (2023): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.53-75.

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The authors of the conceptual article took up the topic of the sectoral model of chambers of commerce (of trade, of industry and commerce, etc.). This proposal complements the taxonomy of chambers present in the literature, based on three main models: continental, Anglo-Saxon and mixed. A comparative worldwide analysis of chambers of commerce indicates their significant diversity, but also the significant impact of historical and social conditions on their organization, position and effectiveness. Therefore, their system should be designed adequately to the needs of a given country, rather tha

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Sedes, Fatma. "Lazarettos , Tebhırhane And Tahaffuzhane Buıldıngs." Architecture Image Studies 2, no. 2 (2021): 42–51. https://doi.org/10.62754/ais.v2i2.48.

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Due to the international maritime trade and transportation that developed in the Ottoman Empire and whole World at the 18th and 19th centuries, the risk and possibility of disease transmission increased. The Ottoman government took measures against infectious diseases by carrying out significant studies on diseases such as cholera and plague. In addition to the cholera epidemic in 1835, the plague danger and epidemic were on the agenda. Vessels were quarantined for 20-25 days in these laboratories (lazarettos) in order to control epidemic diseases.. Outbreaks of plague were seen in 1586, 1590,

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Lu, Jialiang, Feng Zhao, and Liqing Zhang. "Technological Innovations of French Jacquard Silk Weaving in the 19th Century." Asian Social Science 19, no. 2 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v19n2p94.

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The emergence of the jacquard loom in the early 19th century was one of the most important mechanical inventions among the technological innovations of the French silk weaving industry. Since then, France continuously optimized and improve jacquard loom, resulting in many technological changes. Based on the technical principle of different types of jacquard looms in France in the 19th century, and by referring to literature and conducting field visits to France and other places, our study systematically analyzed and summarized the technological changes of jacquard in French silk weaving in the

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Hu, Yi. "The Sogdians' Influence on the Silk Road from the 4th to the 9th Century." Proceedings of The International Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 2, no. 1 (2025): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.33422/icshe.v2i1.813.

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As an important land trade route, the ancient Silk Road has fallen into decline many times in history due to many factors. During the Tang Dynasty in China, the Silk Road once again ushered in its heyday. During this golden age of trade, the Sogdians played an important role on the Silk Road. As a unique ethnic group, the Sogdians have long been marginalized by the mainstream historical narrative. This article focuses on the Sogdians, analyzing their uniqueness and how they controlled the Silk Road from the 4th to the 9th century, and hopes to show their importance by showing their contributio

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Kushnareva, M. D. "Russian-Chinese Fur Trade in the 18th–19th Centuries Based on Private Statistics from M. V. Pikhtin." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 48 (2024): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2024.48.99.

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The development of the Russian-Chinese fur trade in the 18th-19th centuries is considered based on private statistics. A brief description of the source and a biographical note of its compiler are given. It is noted that in the 18th – first half of the 19th century the main point in the organization of the Russian-Chinese fur trade was Kyakhta. In 1800, the share of fur raw materials in trade with China was 70 %. In 1824–1828 Russian fur exports amounted to 3.2 million rubles in 1836–1840 – 2.6 million rubles. In the first half of the 19th century the total turnover of Russian-Chinese trade re

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SULEYMANOVA, NURIDA. "THE SILK TRADE OF THE SAFAVID STATE DURING THE REIGN OF SHAH ISMAIL AND SHAH TAHMASP IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE HISTORIOGRAPHY." History and its problems 3, no. 106 (2024): 252–58. https://doi.org/10.36719/2708-065x/106/252-258.

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In this article, the silk trade of the Azerbaijan Safavid state is discussed. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from the establishment of the Safavid state to the 80s of the 16th century. The main goal of writing this article is to determine the importance of the 16th century silk trade in the history of Azerbaijan. The article consists of an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. The introductory part provides general information about the economy of the Safavid state. This section also discusses how accurate information on the economy and silk trade is. The main

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Tang, Chanh Tin, and Nguyen Huy Chinh Phan. "THE ROLE OF HOI AN TO THE MARITIME SILK ROAD (FROM THE FIRST HALF OF 16TH CENTURY TO THE SECOND HALF OF 18TH CENTURY)." UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 10, no. 2 (2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v10i4.862.

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The Maritime Silk Road is considered the beginning of all international maritime trade routes, not only in terms of trade; the Maritime Silk Road is also the foundation for human discoveries and understanding about geography, nature, politics and society of many parts of the world. Thanks to its significantly geopolitical and geo-cultural position; from a very early age, Hoi An trading port (Vietnam) has participated and played an important role on this arterial route. This article will focus on clarifying the birth as well as the role of Hoi An to the Maritime Silk Road from) early 16th centu

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Ma, Debin. "The Modern Silk Road: The Global Raw-Silk Market, 1850–1930." Journal of Economic History 56, no. 2 (1996): 330–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700016478.

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From the mid-nineteenth century, the raw-silk trade served as the most important trade linkage between the then still largely closed economies of East Asia and the industrialized West. This article traces the evolution of the global raw-silk market during the period 1850 through 1930. Using comprehensive data on raw-silk prices and quantities and applying co-integration techniques, I find a well-integrated global raw-silk market evolved during this period. This article also examines the evolution of technologies and institutions of the global silk industry, which exhibited characteristics of p

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Tamburini, Diego, Meejung Kim-Marandet, and Sang-ah Kim. "Dye Identification in Mounting Textiles of Traditional Korean Paintings from the Late Joseon Dynasty." Heritage 6, no. 1 (2022): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6010003.

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In the framework of the ‘Amorepacific Project for the conservation of Korean pictorial art’ (2018–2023) at the British Museum, three traditional Korean paintings have been investigated with the aim of supporting their conservation and obtaining information about the dyes used in the mounting textiles and other mounting elements. The paintings include a rare example of late 18th-century traditional Korean portraiture (accession number 1996,0329,0.1); a late 19th-century two-panel screen silk painting of Pyeongsaeng-do-Scenes of life (accession number 2016,3028.1); and a late 19th-century twelve

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Lyubichankovskiy, Sergey Valentinovich. "Crisis phenomena in Central Asian direction development of Russian foreign trade in the Orenburg direction in the 1st quarter of the 19th century." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (2017): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201762208.

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The paper contains analysis of development tendencies of the Russian Empire foreign trade with Central Asian khanates in the first quarter of the 19th century. The authors found that the Russian State didnt pay much attention to the Asian customs policy in this direction for a long time. It was due to the fact that the trade with Central Asian khanates was of exchange and caravan character. The author came to the conclusion that the heads of the Orenburg Region - military and civil governors - made great efforts to change that situation and made special rules for the foreign trade development

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Gottschang, Thomas R. "One Industry, Two Chinas: Silk Filatures and Peasant-Family Production in Wuxi County, 1865–1937. By Lynda S. Bell. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. xvii+290 pp. $51.00. ISBN 0-8047-2998-0.]." China Quarterly 170 (June 2002): 477–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902260283.

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With this book Lynda Bell contributes a major piece to our understanding of China's modern economic history. The core of the book is a detailed description of the evolution of the silk industry in central China between the late 19th century and the mid-20th century. Bell's exhaustively researched analysis covers each level of silk production in Wuxi county, from the rural household producers of cocoons, to the intermediate level cocoon merchants and local filatures, to the major firms that by the early 1930s controlled much of the market through modern, vertically integrated organizations.

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Absell, Christopher David, and Antonio Tena-Junguito. "THE RECONSTRUCTION OF BRAZIL’S FOREIGN TRADE SERIES, 1821-1913." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 36, no. 1 (2017): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610917000143.

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AbstractTo date, research on the economic history of Brazil during the 19th century has relied on official foreign trade statistics, the accuracy of which has repeatedly been put into question. This paper provides insights into the accuracy of the official series by examining the accuracy of the export and import series for Brazil during the 19th century. We re-estimate the official import series using trading partner sources, and find that the official series was marginally under-valued during certain periods of the 19th century. Furthermore, we provide new upper- and lower-bound estimates of

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Truong, Anh Thuan, and Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. "Trade of the Portuguese Royal and Private Traders in India from the 16th to the 19th Century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 4 (2022): 704–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.409.

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The 16th–19th centuries was the period that witnessed the ups and downs development of the trade of the Portuguese Crown and the Portuguese private traders in India. In fact, the maritime trade of the Portuguese Crown only developed significantly in the 16th century; from the 17th century, because of different reasons, it declined gradually. Finally, it had to depend on the British at the end of the 19th century. In contrast with the Portuguese Crown trade, although the commerce of the Portuguese private merchants had to face a lot of difficulties, it continued to expand its role and influence

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Mustafa Algawadi, Ghassan W. "The Southern Ottoman Kurdistan Trade During The 19th Century." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v4n2y2021.pp29-37.

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The current research sheds light on some of the activities related to trading the nineteenth century in the Kurdish cities, markets, storehouses, travel routes, merchants, crops, products, natural or locally made products. The research also discusses the local or regional partners who were parts of the trade business, especially the Iranian cities and the cities in the south of Anatol. The research examines the most important imported and exported goods. The research also shows that trading was not restricted to certain merchants, all people had the chance to trade. In addition, the obstacles

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Нуридинова, Тамара, and Ольга Удовенко. "On Interfaces on the Great Silk Road: Historical Examples of Relations Between Middle Asia and China." Uzbekistan: language and culture 1, no. 4 (2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2019.4/pmtd5210.

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The term “Great Silk Road” was coined in 1877 by the German geologist, geographer and traveler Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905). Through the Great Silk Road from China to Rome from the 3rd century BC not only silk spread, but also religious and cultural ideas. Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva - ancient cities were the central points of the Silk Road. Trade and diplomatic exchange between China and Central Asia begins in the 1st century. BC. The ruler of the Han dynasty, U-Di (reigned in 141-87 BC), sent in 138 BC his envoy Zhan Tsan to establish an alliance with Yue-chi in the fight against the H

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Wright, John. "Murzuk and the Saharan Slave Trade in the 19th Century." Libyan Studies 29 (1985): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006038.

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AbstractIn 1840 the British Foreign Office decided to open a Vice-Consulate at the oasis of Murzuk, then still the main entrepot of the central Saharan trade in black Slaves from the Sudan to Tripoli and Benghazi. The post was to make first-hand reports on the slave traffic and promote British ‘legitimate’ trade and wider regional interests. A similar post was opened at Ghadames in 1850. Between 1843 and 1854, Vice Consul Giambattista Gagliuffi in Murzuk provided the Foreign Office with a series of yearly slaving statistics which formed the basic raw material for London's case for the abolitio

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Suprayitno, Suprayitno, Ratna Ratna, and Handoko Handoko. "Salt Trading in Deli: Relationship between Karo and Coastal Area in 19th Century." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (2019): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i4.618.

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In the East Coast region of Sumatra trade patterns between inland and coastal areas have occurred since the pre-colonial period. If we pull back, the Coastal region and the interior have been trading since the 14th century; this can be seen from the archaeological findings of ancient foreign ceramics in Kabanjahe. In the 19th century, orientlists have stepped on East Sumatra. In their visits and reports, orientalists say that there has been a trade relationship between the people in the community with the coastal community. This indicates that the trade relations of the world’s deep trade with

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Dent, Christopher M. "Brexit, Trump and trade: Back to a late 19th century future?" Competition & Change 24, no. 3-4 (2020): 338–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529420921481.

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There are striking similarities between today’s early 21st century trade political economy and its late 19th century equivalent. Ascendant populist nationalism, escalating trade protectionism and tariff wars, growing discontent over globalization’s distributional impacts and fast emerging economic superpowers disrupting the global order are features shared by both periods. This comparative historical analysis explores what lessons and conclusions we may draw from the past late 19th century world that can be applied to today. Integral to this discussion are the prospects of our early 21st centu

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Surya, Riza Afita, and Rif'atul Fikriya. "Chinese Merchants Role of Java Trade in 19th Century." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 4, no. 1 (2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i1.27167.

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Chinese arrival in Java was encouraged with significant factors both internal and external. Chinese in Java eventually brought shifting in economical, social, and political aspect of Java under Dutch realm. In 19th century, Chinese in Java were differed into two clusters, known as peranakan and totok. These two terms possed different languange, culture, economical conditions. This study aimed to determine the role of Chinese merchants of Java during 19th century. The study engaged literature study which includes planning, selection, extraction, and excution. Literature review tries to review s

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Ismail, Amer. "Trade in Horses in Mosul in the 19th Century." مجلة دراسات موصلیة 12, no. 52 (2019): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/moss.2019.167250.

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Grist, Suzette Lampier. "State of Sailing Ships of the 19th Century." Toposcope 51 (December 1, 2020): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/tj.v51i.2370.

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In the days of sailing ships, life was rigorous, very hard and dangerous. Ships were not checked prior to sailing although there was a Merchant Shipping Act, unfortunately not enforced until 1854 when the Board of Trade was formed.

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Kurmanbayeva, Sh, and Zh Omirbekova. "Historical traces of the Great Silk Road in the national consciousness." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 140, no. 3 (2022): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-140-3-39-58.

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The Great Silk Road ran for a long time between China and the Roman Empire from the 2nd century BC. to the 15th century AD and played an important role in the trade process between East and West. Trade caravans transported silk, paper, and bronze mirrors from China to the West, as well as carpets, tapestries, wool, and glassware from the West to China. Many other valuable things and precious stones, fragrant oils, and various material values of the East and West also came into the trade through this route. The Great Silk Road was not only a trade route but also an excellent platform for dial

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Teubner, Melina. "Cooking at Sea. Different forms of labor in the era of the Second Slavery." Población & Sociedad 27, no. 2 (2020): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/pys-2020-270204.

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This paper deals with various forms of labor in the 19th century. Although Brazil officially banned the slave trade, the first half of the 19th century did no t bring a decline of this business. Rather, until at least 1851, large numbers of slaves were brought to Brazil. The structure of the slave trade was based on the labor needed to carry out the abduction of several million people. Slave ship cooks were resp onsible for feeding the people during their voyages, thus contributing to the infrastructure and reproduction of the slave trade. By using a micro - historical approach to examine the

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Abdrakhmanov, K. A. "Tea Trade in Russian Empire in Middle of 19th Century." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 9 (2022): 253–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-9-253-281.

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The business activity of merchants of the middle of the 19th century, who chose the tea trade as the main area of their investments, is investigated. The analysis of the Russian tea trade in the middle of the 19th century in the context of its organizational specifics is very limitedly presented in Russian historiography, which confirms the novelty of this scientific study. The key moments of the organization of trade operations with the Chinese in Kyakhta are considered. The range of problems typical for the entrepreneurial practice of tea merchants of this era is presented and analyzed. Emph

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Lenormand, Marc. "“Defiant communities”? The UK trade union community agenda in historical perspective." Leaves, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.46608/leaves.vi14.35.

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This article offers an overview of both the uses of “community” as a political concept in the UK trade union and labour movement, and of what may be termed a trade union “community” agenda based on the mobilisation of community – financial, moral and political – resources. It appears that “community” unionism has not been a constant or dominant orientation in UK trade union and labour history, with the explicit motive of the “community” being used only sparsely and community resources being tapped primarily as a fallback option by marginal groups of workers or by trade unions cornered in a def

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Horesh, Niv. "Silk, Tea and Treasure: Maritime Trade in Eighteenth-Century Literature." Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (2008): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21866/esjeas.2008.8.2.001.

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Kostikyan, Kristine P., Gevorg S. Stepanyan, and Anahit A. Tovmasyan. "JIZYA IN EASTERN TRANSCAUCASIA FROM THE 17TH TO THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 20, no. 2 (2024): 246–59. https://doi.org/10.32653/ch202246-259.

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This article aims to provide a comprehensive examination of jizya, the poll tax levied on non-Muslim populations in Eastern Transcaucasia from the 17th to the first half of the 19th century. This period encompasses the region’s governance under the Iranian Safavid and Nader Shah states, followed by local khanates before and after their incorporation into the Russian Empire. The methodological foundation of this study rests on an empirical analysis of primary sources, complemented by a review of relevant scholarly literature. The comparative-historical method is employed to analyze information

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Vaid, Manish. "India and China: Time to Hit a Right Note on the New Silk Road." Liberal Studies 1, no. 2 (2016): 221–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3372286.

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<strong>Introduction</strong> The yearning for greater integration with Central Asia has resulted in the quest for reinventing the old trade route known as the ‘Great Silk Route’ and creating a modern-day version of the same – the New Silk Road. The origins of the Great Silk Road can be traced back to the second half of the second century BC, when the Chinese diplomat and spy Chjan Tzyan originally introduced his compatriots to – an unexplored part of the world – Central Asia. The route existed till the sixteenth century AD, having a total length of about 7,000-km

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Ambach, Florian. "Baumwolle, Elfenbein und Glasperlen. Perspektiven österreichischer Reisender auf die Errichtung eines „informal empire“ im Sudan des 19. Jahrhunderts." historia.scribere, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.13.629.

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Cotton, Ivory and Glass Beads. Perspectives of Austrian Travellers on the Establishment of an "Informal Empire" in 19th Century SudanThe following article examines travel accounts of explorers, travellers and officials close to the Habsburg Monarchy. It focusses on the economic aspects of the 19th century Austrian presence in Sudan. As will be shown, several Austrians attempted to engage in local trade in ways that sought to establish an "informal empire".

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Egshig, Shagdarsuren. "The Silk Road as a Model for the BRI." Acta Mongolica 21, no. 541 (2023): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/am.202301.06.

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Roads are dynamic. Among various trade roads such as the Great Inka Road, Steppe Road, Silk Road, Tea Horse Road, Tea Road and Maritime Porcelain Road, the Silk Road has been raised three times in its history. Nomads and merchant communities on Silk Road moved more frequently, they had more opportunities to make pathways. The Mongols established their horse courier stations (Mongolian: örtöö) in the vast Eurasian plain during the Mongolian Empire. Through the courier service, letters, oral messages and news passed extremely rapidly. The Mongolian Khans or emperors created a management of trade

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Osman Bakar. "SILK ROAD, ISLAM, AND CONFUCIANISM." Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) 29, no. 1 (2024): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v29i1.1847.

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The history of the Silk Road, or Silk Routes as some historians prefer to call it, is one of the most impactful periods in human history spanning nearly sixteen centuries, from the second century BCE until the fifteenth century CE. It was the opening of trade to the outside world by the Han dynasty in China in 130 BCE that opened the official curtain of the Silk Road history. This Silk Road history may be regarded as the history of the encounters of the greatest human civilisations before modern times. It is a period of history that witnessed the birth of two great religions and civilisations

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Duan, Xiaolin. "Mulberry Trees, Shipwrecks, and Silver: Silk Raising and the Decline of the Ming Dynasty." Ming Qing Yanjiu 26, no. 1 (2022): 60–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340062.

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Abstract During the seventeenth century crisis, China witnessed the decline and fall of the Ming dynasty. Scholars have long discussed the role of silver in the Ming crisis, but less attention has been paid to the effects of the production and circulation of silk. This paper examines both internal and external factors that contributed to the decline of Chinese sericulture and silk production, as well as consequent damages to the economy and social relations. Converging environmental and economic factors within major silk-producing regions, as well as a number of incidents that affected the Pac

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