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Academic literature on the topic 'Sillons cérébraux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sillons cérébraux"
Balzeau, Antoine. "Que savons-nous de la croissance et du développement du cerveau des humains préhistoriques ?" Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive 73, no. 2 (2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/intel.2020.1964.
Full textBiyela, Sibusiso. "Une étude met en doute la fiabilité des sillons cérébraux dans la recherche de l'évolution." Nature Africa, July 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d44148-024-00212-9.
Full textGiolland, Victor, Nicole Labra, Andréa Filippo, Aurélien Mounier, Mélanie Didier, Éric Bardinet, Mathieu D. Santin, et al. "Évolution du cerveau et Hominines : caractérisation de la correspondance entre les sillons cérébraux et les empreintes endocrâniennes." Bulletins et mémoires de la société d'anthropologie de Paris 37, (s) (2025). https://doi.org/10.4000/133og.
Full textCandau, Joel. "Altricialité." Anthropen, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.087.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sillons cérébraux"
Perret, Mélanie. "Processus de reality-monitoring à travers les stades de la schizophrénie : bases neurophysiologiques et lien avec la vulnérabilité au stress." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10370.
Full textReality monitoring refers to the ability to determine the source of memories and, more specifically, to distinguish memories of internally-generated information from memories of externally-derived information. Patients with schizophrenia present alterations in reality monitoring, more precisely a tendency to misattribute memories of internal events as coming from an external source (i.e. externalization bias). Few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have yet looked at the neuroanatomical correlates of reality monitoring. One study has reported that reality monitoring performance are associated with grey matter volume and the morphology of a sulcus in the prefrontal cortex, the paracingulate sulcus. From a functional perspective, MRI studies have shown that reality monitoring relies on a cerebral network involving the prefrontal cortex, particularly its medial part, the temporoparietal cortices and the medial temporal cortex with the hippocampus. Patients with schizophrenia show altered activity and connectivity within this network. Nevertheless, these results do not allow us to identify the causal involvement of these regions in reality monitoring. This thesis aims to study the cerebral bases of reality monitoring in the schizophrenia continuum using structural MRI and non-invasive brain stimulation. We have shown that reality monitoring performance correlates with paracingulate sulcus length and grey matter volume in temporal and parietal regions in patients with schizophrenia (Study 1). However, we did not find such results in patients with a first psychotic episode (Study 2). In a systematic review of studies examining the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on reality monitoring, we reported the role of the medial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal cortices in reality monitoring in healthy subjects and in patients with schizophrenia (Study 3). In a final study, we have shown that frontotemporal non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation improves reality monitoring performance in patients with schizophrenia (Study 4). This work highlighted the role of the prefrontal and temporoparietal regions in the reality monitoring process and the alterations present in schizophrenia
Perrot, Matthieu. "Reconnaissance automatique des sillons corticaux." Phd thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00457072/fr/.
Full textThe determination of specific biomarkers of brain pathologies at population scale is extremely difficult because of the huge inter-individual variability of the sulco-gyral topography. This thesis addresses this issue by automatically identifying 125 sulcal structures and pairing them through individuals, thanks to a manually labeled database of 62 subjects. Relying on the sulcal roots theory, cortical folds are split into elementary segments to be labeled. In a first time, the structural approach proposed earlier by Jean-François Mangin and Denis Rivière has been revisited to manage the increasing amount of morphometric features involved in the identification process. In a second time, this model has been fully reviewed in favor of a Bayesian framework based on localized information (positions or directions) previously neglected, thus allowing effective optimization schemes. In this context, data normalization is essential ; this issue has been considered through global or sulciwise local a ne registration techniques, jointly to the sulcal identification. In order to introduce more structural informations, a Markovian model has been successfully introduced to reflect the local neighbored cortical folds organization. Finally, the overall recognition rate has reached 86 % for each hemisphere. From now on, only atypical patterns or the most variable anatomical structures remain a real issue
Perrot, Matthieu. "Reconnaissance automatique des sillons corticaux." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457072.
Full textCorouge, Isabelle. "Modélisation statistique de formes en imagerie cérébrale." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003647.
Full textBaggio, Saitovitch Ana Riva. "Autisme, sillon temporal supérieur (STS) et perception sociale : études en imagerie cérébrale et en TMS." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066522/document.
Full textAutism is a pervasive developmental disorder associated with alterations of neural circuits. Neuroimaging studies in autism have revealed anatomo-fonctional abnormalities, particularly located within the superior temporal sulcus (STS). In normal subjects, STS is largely implicated in social perception and social cognition. Deficits in social cognition and particularly in social perception are the core symptoms of autism. Indeed, abnormalities of social perception have been described in adults and children with autism. These abnormalities are characterized by a lack of preference for the eyes. In this thesis, we have shown that it is possible to modulate neural activity within the right STS using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, with significant effects on social perception parameters, measured by eye-tracking during passive visualization of social scenes. Furthermore, social perception parameters were correlated with rest cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI. We have shown that the healthy young volunteers who looked more to the eyes during passive visualization of social scenes were those who had higher rest CBF values within right temporal regions. In addition, this correlation was also observed in children with autism: children who looked more to the eyes during passive visualization of social scenes were those who had higher rest CBF values within right temporal regions. Finally, preliminary results concerning application of the TMS protocol in adults with autism open up new perspectives on innovate therapeutically strategies
Le, Provost Jean-Bernard. "Morphométrie cérébrale dans la schizophrénie : gyrification et maturation cingulaire." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066290.
Full textLeroy, François. "Etude Méthodologique et Structurale du Développement Cérébral en IRM : Application aux Aires du Langage dans une Population de Nourrissons." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633171.
Full textMellerio, Charles. "Optimisation des techniques avancées en IRM cérébrale dans la détection des lésions développementales épileptogènes." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T025/document.
Full textFocal cortical dysplasia type 2 (FCD2) is a common cause of intractable partial epilepsy surgically treatable. Their detection by MRI is an independent factor of good prognosis. The MR imaging diagnosis remains difficult with up to 40% negative MRI. Our main objective is to improve the detection of FCD2from conventional sequences, to assess the relevance of increased magnetic field and validate new tools for detection, in particular by identifying sulcal abnormalities associated with FCD2 automatically and visually. This study was carried out from one of the largest cohort of patients (> 80 patients) with histologically proven FCD2. The evaluation of the frequency of each MR signs showed that, although no abnormality is seen in 41% of cases, the different signs in patients with a positive MRI were never isolated and the combination of the 3 most suggestive signs of FCD2 (cortical thickening, bluring of the gray-white matter interface and "transmantle sign") was found in 27 patients (64%), indicating that MRI can be very suggestive. By increasing the magnetic field from 1.5 to 3T MRI detection rate is only slightly changed but characterization of FCD2 is improved thanks to a better visualization of the " transmantle sign " considered as a MR signature of FCD2. The automated sulcus analysis based on the calculation of a new parameter called "sulcal energy" identifies abnormal sulcal patterns in patients with FCD2 in the central region in comparison to healthy subjects. This result underlines the importance of the identification of sulci and could provide an additional criterion for detecting and locating the lesion in patients with negative MRI. Finally, the visual analysis of sulci by 3D reformatting of the cortex allowed us to describe a new MR sign of FCD2 in the central region: a sulcal pattern called the "Power Button Sign". Given its excellent reproducibility and specificity, it could be used as a new major diagnostic criterion of FCD2 in the central region. All these results contribute to the better understanding of the developmental processes involved in the pathophysiology of FCD2 and offers many opportunities for improving their MR detection
Borne, Léonie. "Conception d’un algorithme de vision par ordinateur « top-down » dédié à la reconnaissance des sillons corticaux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS322/document.
Full textWe are seven billion humans with unique cortical folding patterns. The cortical folding process occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy, during the emergence of cortical architecture. The folding patterns are impacted by architectural features specific to each individual. Hence, they could reveal signatures of abnormal developments that can lead to psychiatric syndroms. For the last 25 years, the image analysis lab of Neurospin has been designing dedicated computer vision tools to tackle the research of such signatures. The resulting tools are distributed to the community (http://brainvisa.info).This thesis has resulted in the emergence of a new generation of tools based on machine learning techniques. The first proposed tool automatically classifies local patterns of cortical folds, a problem that had never been addressed before. The second tool aims at the automatic labeling of cortical sulci by modeling the top-down recognition mechanisms necessary to overcome weaknesses of the current bottom-up systems. Thus, in addition to having higher recognition rates and shorter execution time, the proposed new model is robust to sub-segmentation errors, which is one of the greatest weaknesses of the old system. To realize these two tools, several machine learning algorithms were implemented and compared. These algorithms are inspired on the one hand by multi-atlas methods, in particular the patch approach, which are widely used for the anatomical segmentation of medical images and on the other hand by the deep learning methods that are revolutionizing the world of computer vision. The work of this thesis confirms the incredible effectiveness of deep learning techniques to adapt well to complex problems. However, the performances obtained with these techniques are generally equivalent to those of patch approaches, or even worse if the training database is limited. What makes deep learning a particularly interesting tool in practice is its fast execution, especially for the analysis of the huge databases now available
Cachia, Arnaud. "Modèles statistiques morphométriques et structurels du cortex pour l'étude du développement cérébral." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001246.
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