Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Silo building'

Today construction industry is building higher and more complicated constructions than ever thanks to the advancements in materials, technical knowledge and methodologies. One important material is concrete, which has been used to create impressive architectural marvels. This dissertation aims to examine the differences between climbing and slip formwork systems for tall concrete structures that require several pouring steps in height. The main differences noted between both systems are formwork configuration, assembly and cycling of the formwork and climbing elements, price and quantity of material, labor required, the quality of the finished structure and safety during construction. A case study was investigated with the help of formwork supplier PERI Sverige AB and nordic contractor PEAB AB regarding a 20,5 meter high reinforced concrete silo located in a mining complex in Kiruna, Sweden. Through a review of the existing literature in the subject, interviews with experts in the topic and the outcome from the project case study, the results shows that while the SCS climbing system from PERI Sverige AB required more working days compared to a slip formwork system, it was chosen as a more appropriate solution for this project in combination with the crane at the jobsite, due to the amount of labor required, safety and overall cost of it. In conclusion, the selection of the SCS climbing system as formwork system proved to be the most adequate solution for the case study when critical aspects such as assembly and cycling of formwork, price and safety were evaluated.

Spider silk is a natural high-performance biopolymer with superior mechanical properties, resulting from its hierarchical structure. With protein nanofibrils observed in various spider and silkworm silks, the critical role of nanofibrils in achieving the silk's mechanical behavior has been widely suggested by both experimental observations and numerical simulations. However, a close review of available evidence of silk nanofibrils reveals many crucial aspects are still largely ambiguous or unknown. This further hinders the development of advanced silk-based materials. The simple structure of the ribbon-like recluse (Loxosceles) silk provides an ideal opportunity to investigate silk nanofibrils. By studying the surface and internal structure of this silk, we showed that it is entirely composed of nanofibrils. Since the recluse ribbons exhibit the outstanding mechanical properties typical of a good spider silk, we can conclude that the properties of recluse ribbons are already implemented at the level of an individual nanofibril. Furthermore, we took advantage of this system to study the protein makeup of pristine silk nanofibrils. Using both polarized FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, we presented the first-ever vibrational spectra of silk nanofibrils. We were able to identify the presence of different secondary structures, as well as their volumetric percentages and orientations. A detailed structure model of recluse silk was proposed based on our results. To relate the presence of nanofibrils to the natural silk spinning process, we investigated the self-assembly behavior of the native spider spidroin. Both individual and networks of long, thin silk nanofibrils were observed in the presence of shear force and a proper ion concentration. This unprecedented observation suggests the intrinsic tendency of native silk spidroin to form nanofibrils. In summary, through an extensive investigation of the organization, protein makeup, and formation of silk nanofibrils in various natural and in-vitro systems, we revealed the fundamental role of nanofibrils as the basic building blocks of natural spider silk. This will have wide-ranging implications on the understanding of the structure-property relations of spider silk and the development of silk-inspired high-performance materials.

The aim of this thesis is compile building and technological project of new office building of the company ESKO-T in Třebíč. This is a two-storey building, build technology cast-in-place longitudinal reinforced concrete frame with mono-pitched roof. Work is consist of a possible solution of steel, concrete and formwork of rental shop to building. Building and technological project, technological regulation for concreting, draft machine configuration, documentation broker transport relations, the crane card and concrete pump, control od worte quality, time schedule and building budget rough upper construction, environmental protection, occupational safety and health, object work schedule and price comparison concreting with hanging silo for concrete and concrete pump.

This study looks at the role of drug-related mafias in Tajikistan -a country that has undergone a `double transition' as a result of the break up of the Soviet Union and a protracted civil war -, and examines why they emerged as political, economic and social actors after 1991 and how they influenced the processes of state breakdown and post conflict state-building. The existing literature on drug trafficking in Central Asia focuses almost exclusively on the connections between "criminal" and "terrorist" networks. This study, based upon field work conducted in Tajikstan between March-December 2007, critically challenges the arguments, concepts and assumptions that are usually associated with the "narcoterror" discourse. It seeks to adopt a broader historical, political economy perspective, and draws upon the growing literature on the role of non-state actors in shaping processes of state building. The study explores the complex interactions between transnational crime, shadow economy activities and the emerging political structures and institutions. It is argued that the negotiations between political actors and mafias over the control of resources are central to processes of state consolidation and state crises. The specificity of mafia, as a particular type of criminal organization, consists precisely in its ability to establish strategic partnerships with political elites. The expansion of mafias in Tajikistan has been shaped by a particular set of structural conditions and contingent events that can develop alongside modern state building process. Mafia-style organizations flourished in isolated and peripheral regions. In these areas central state elites were forced to mediate with local elites and former warlords so as to gain access to economic resources and build local legitimacy. Revenues from drug trafficking were central to this "conversation", and drug mafias fulfilled the role of mediating between central and peripheral elites. Mafias' disposition to make deals with the ruling elite has represented a key factor both for peace and post-conflict stability. Thus the case of Tajikistan shows that mafias are not an anti-state entity, and that, on the contrary, under certain conditions, they can actively contribute to political order

This thesis processes project documentation for headquarters of construction company. Main purpose of building is to facilitate administrative nd manufacturing needs of the company. Building contains of reception, offices, meeting room, restrooms and lock rooms for employees, elevator and workshops. There is underground garage in the basement. Building is going to be situated in Stritez u Policky. Building takes up 1088m2 of land. Vertical structures are mainlymade of concrete and brick blocks. Horizontal structures are made of reinforced concrete panels, roof structure is made of wooden trusses.

[EN] The second half of the eighteenth century is characterized, among other things, because drastic changes began to occur in traditional production systems. This series of transformations were not the first, since at least two centuries before, European absolute monarchies had already implemented the actual manufacturing, which had been used as an example of renewal of the organization of craftsmen, now gathered, for the manufacture of luxury goods for self consumption. Broadly speaking, manufacturing and product development processes were generally performed in distributed locations in a dispersed way, but they became gathered in unique spaces, mainly targeted to a specific production. Working in small workshops would take place in larger spaces and with completely different characteristics. Thus, if a brief comparison between two workspaces is made, one of the second half of the eighteenth century and the other of the late nineteenth, several differences can be easily observed: the dimensions are multiplied, increasing gaps in facade, interior rooms unified in more open spaces, the way to drive it and the energy transmission throughout the interior advanced technology, etc. From the interest in this process of transformation of the production areas into new factory buildings, it is set as the starting point of this study the fact that in Britain, mainly from the aforementioned second half of the eighteenth century, there are new building materials and new building types. And this as well, in response to the demands of entrepreneurs focused on the necessity to produce in enough available spaces, housing the necessary power distribution systems for operating new machinery. All naturally well-lit, and above all, safe, avoiding the risk of fire which they were constantly subjected to. These new buildings for production are known in English as mill buildings, terminology which includes a number of specific characteristics. The main objective of this thesis is their study and analysis, based on English factories from the beginning of the so-called industrial revolution until the early twentieth century. To this end, some specific factors that shaped the form of industrial production spaces in that country will be assessed, as a result of the changing of the production model, and how this pattern was imported after a few years to the Valencia region. The determining factors of the mill buildings and their influence in the Valencian industrial architecture.
[ES] La segunda mitad del siglo XVIII se caracteriza, entre otras cosas, porque empiezan a producirse cambios drásticos en los sistemas tradicionales de producción. Esta serie de transformaciones no habían sido las primeras, puesto que al menos dos siglos antes, las monarquías absolutas europeas ya habían implantado las manufacturas reales, que habían servido como ejemplo de renovación al organizar la concentración de artesanos para la fabricación de objetos de lujo para el autoconsumo. De forma extendida hasta ese momento, la manufactura y los procesos de elaboración de productos en general se realizaban en lugares distribuidos de una forma dispersa, pero se van concentrando en espacios únicos destinados específicamente a una función productiva concreta. Los trabajos en los pequeños talleres pasarán a realizarse en espacios de mayor tamaño y con unas características totalmente diferentes. Así, si se hace una somera comparación entre dos espacios de trabajo, uno de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y otro de finales siglo XIX, fácilmente se aprecian varias diferencias: las dimensiones se multiplican, los huecos en fachada aumentan, los recintos interiores se unifican en espacios únicos más diáfanos, la forma de accionamiento y la transmisión de la energía por el interior avanza tecnológicamente, etc. Desde el interés por este proceso de transformación de los espacios de producción a nuevos edificios fabriles, se establece como punto de partida de este estudio, el hecho de que en Gran Bretaña, principalmente a partir de la aludida segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, aparecen nuevas técnicas constructivas y nuevos materiales que generan unos tipos edificatorios. Y ello también, como respuesta a las exigencias de los empresarios que se concretan en la necesidad de disposición de espacio suficiente para producir, albergando los sistemas necesarios de distribución de energía para el accionamiento de la nueva maquinaria. Todo ello en lugares bien iluminados de forma natural, y sobre todo seguros, evitando el riesgo de incendio al que constantemente estaban sometidos. Estos nuevos edificios para la producción se conocen en inglés como "mill buildings", terminología que incluye una serie de características concretas. El objetivo fundamental de esta tesis es su estudio y análisis, tomando como base las fábricas inglesas desde el origen de la conocida como revolución industrial hasta principios del siglo XX. Para ello, se evaluarán unos factores concretos que configuraron la forma de los espacios de producción industrial en aquel país, como consecuencia del cambio de modelo productivo, y cómo este patrón se importó al cabo de unos años a la Comunidad Valenciana.
[CAT] La segona meitat del segle XVIII es caracteritza, entre altres coses, perquè comencen a produir-se canvis dràstics en els sistemes tradicionals de producció. Esta sèrie de transformacions no havien segut les primeres, ja que al menys dos segles abans, les monarquies absolutes europees ja havien implantat les manufactures reials, que havien servit com a exemple de renovació a l'organitzar la concentració d'artesans per a la fabricació d'objectes de luxe per a l'autoconsum. De forma estesa fins eixe moment, la manufactura i els processos d'elaboració de productes en general es realitzaven en llocs distribuïts d'una forma dispersa, però es van concentrant en espais únics destinats específicament a una funció productiva concreta. Els treballs als xicotets tallers passaran a realitzar-se en espais de major grandària i amb unes característiques diferents. Així, si es fa una succinta comparació entre dos espais de treball, u de la segona meitat del segle XVIII i altre de finals del segle XIX, fàcilment s'aprecien vàries diferències: les dimensions es multipliquen, els buits de façana augmenten, els recintes interiors s'unifiquen en espais únics més diàfans, la forma d'accionament i la transmissió de l'energia per l'interior avança tecnològicament, etc. Des de l'interès per este procés de transformació dels espais de producció a nous edificis fabrils, s'estableix com a punt de partida d'este estudi, el fet de què a la Gran Bretanya, principalment a partir de l'al.ludida segona meitat del segle XVIII, apareixen noves tècniques constructives i nous materials que generen uns tipus edificatoris. I açò també, com a resposta a les exigències dels empresaris que es concreten en la necessitat de disposició d'espai suficient per a produir, albergant els sistemes necessaris de distribució d'energia per a l'accionament de la nova maquinària. Tot això en llocs ben il.luminants de forma natural, i sobre tot segurs, evitant el risc d'incendi al que constantment estaven sotmesos. Estos nous edificis per a la producció es coneixen en anglès com a "mill buildings", terminologia que inclou una sèrie de característiques concretes. L'objectiu fonamental d'esta tesi és el seu estudi i anàlisi prenent com a base les fàbriques angleses des de l'origen de la coneguda com a revolució industrial fins principis del segle XX. Per això, s'avaluaran uns factors concrets que varen configurar la forma dels espais de producció industrial en aquell país, com a conseqüència del canvi de model productiu, i com eixe patró es va importar passats uns anys a la Comunitat Valenciana.
Gregori Ferrer, A. (2015). Factores determinantes de la arquitectura de los "mill buildings" y su influencia en la arquitectura industrial valenciana [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54130
TESIS

A umidade é um dos principais agentes causadores de manifestações patológicas no ambiente construído, e, a chuva dirigida, é uma das principais fontes de umidade que afetam a durabilidade das fachadas das edificações. Desta forma, métodos vêm sendo desenvolvidos como forma de avaliação, entre eles se encontram os experimentais que buscam avaliar este fenômeno a partir da realização de ensaios. A pesquisa é motivada pela constatação da quase inexistência de estudos experimentais de quantificação de chuva dirigida, bem como pela identificação da problemática relacionada ao manchamento e infiltração de água na área próxima às janelas. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é identificar, com base em testes de chuva dirigida, a influência das características de projeção, com variações de 50 mm e 120 mm, de inclinação, com valores de 6% e 20%, e engaste lateral do peitoril, sem engaste e com engates de 100 mm, no molhamento da área de fachada localizada próxima às janelas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da avaliação de nove modelos com dimensões 1,20m x 2,40m, sendo um modelo de referência sem peitoril, e outros oito englobando as diferentes configurações de projeção, inclinação e engastes laterais dos peitoris, em granito. As técnicas empregadas nas avaliações dos modelos foram a coleta de água da chuva nos paramentos dos modelos, registros de imagens termográficas por infravermelho, chuva colorida para identificação dos fluxos e registros fotográficos digitais A chuva simulada apresentava vazão total de 6 l/m, com diâmetros de gota que variavam de 0,86 mm – 1,45 mm com interceptação de velocidade de vento de 3,2 m/s, e, os testes foram desenvolvidos em quatro ciclos de 15 minutos de duração cada. Os resultados demonstraram que a utilização de prolongamentos laterais nos peitoris promoveram melhor desempenho dos modelos com relação ao descolamento da água da chuva das paredes, quando em comparação àqueles que não possuem esta configuração. Considerando a inclinação dos peitoris identificou-se que o valor de 6% permite, mesmo com a existência de um lacrimal na face inferior do peitoril, a percolação da água da chuva pela porção inferior deste elemento, com um gotejamento vertical. Nas configurações com 20% de inclinação do peitoril não se verifica este comportamento, contudo, o gotejamento ocorre no sentido da parede do modelo, direcionando parte do fluxo da chuva para a área localizada abaixo do peitoril, condicionando valores mais elevados de coleta de chuva. A projeção de 50 mm protege de forma menos eficiente as paredes dos modelos do molhamento pela chuva dirigida, gerando áreas protegidas menores e maiores valores de água coletada quando comparadas à projeção de 120 mm.
Moisture is one of the leading causes of pathological manifestations in buildings. Wind driven rain, is one of the main sources that affect the buildings facades durability. Thus, with the mean to evaluate this phenomenon, some experimental methods has been evaluated. The inexistence of experimental studies for wind driven rain quantification, motivated this research. Besides, this research aims to identify the staining and water seepage in the windows area problems. Thus, the main objective of this research is to identify, based on wind driven rain tests, the influence of geometrical characteristics of sills, in the wetness area located near windows. For this, there were developed sills with projection variations of 50 mm and 120 mm, inclinations of 6 % and 20 %, and sill without side extensions of window and 100 mm extensions. The experimental program contemplate the evaluation of nine wall models, with dimensions 1.20 m x 2.40 m, where a window were fixed and granite sills were installed, with the geometrical variations proposed. Simulated driving rain had total flow 6 l/m, with drop diameters ranging from 0.86 mm - 1.45 mm, with wind speed intercept of 3.2 m /s, and the tests were carried out in four cycles of 15 minutes each. There were collected rainwater on some controlled points of the walls models, besides infrared thermography images, colorful rain for identification of flows and digital photography. With the final results it was possible to conclude that the use of lateral extensions in windows sills promote better performance in the models, in relation to detachment of rainwater to the walls, when compared to sills without lateral extension. About sills inclination, it was found that the 6 % value results in a better behavior compared with 20% inclination. Finally, the windows sills with 120 mm protects more efficiently the models walls.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier le gouvernement collaborateur dirigé par Wang Jingwei (1940-1945) à la croisée de deux trajectoires : celle de l’État chinois moderne et celle de l’Empire japonais. Au-delà d’un approfondissement des connaissances sur l’occupation japonaise en Chine, mon travail ambitionne d’enrichir le champ des études sur l’État lui-même. Une telle approche ne va pas de soi, tant le caractère « fantoche » attribué à ce régime par l’historiographie chinoise l’a longtemps isolé du reste de la période et cantonné à une histoire des tenants idéologiques de la collaboration. Sans évacuer cet aspect, mon approche consiste à l’inscrire dans une étude politique et sociale du gouvernement et de l'administration, afin de saisir le fonctionnement réel de la machine étatique en zone occupée. Pour ce faire, je développe le concept d’État d’occupation, qui désigne l’ensemble formé par les organisations japonaises (institutions militaires et civiles) et chinoises (gouvernements collaborateurs locaux), établies afin d’administrer la Chine occupée. La construction de cet État, qui visa, à partir de 1940, à intégrer ces organisations derrière la façade du gouvernement de Wang Jingwei, fut détournée par des logiques de formation, nées des contradictions entre ses différents acteurs. Ce processus est examiné en adoptant des focales différentes. La première partie étudie la mise en place de l’État d’occupation du point de vue japonais, en montrant l’impact qu’eurent, l’un sur l’autre, centre et périphérie au sein de l’Empire nippon. Je reviens ensuite sur la genèse de cet État d’occupation, jusqu’à la formation du gouvernement de Wang Jingwei. La deuxième partie réduit la focale pour s’intéresser à l’organisation particulière de ce dernier, dont la spécificité, par rapport aux autres régimes collaborateurs, provenait de l’ambition qu’avait le groupe de Wang de restaurer le Gouvernement nationaliste légitime dans le cadre d’un « retour à la capitale ». La troisième partie, enfin, se penche sur le cas de la fonction publique en zone occupée, dont le cadre institutionnel et idéologique est mis en regard avec les conditions de vie des agents
This dissertation studies the collaboration government headed by Wang Jingwei (1940-1945) at the crossroads of two trajectories: those of China’s modern state and Japan’s Empire. More broadly, my work aims at enriching the field of state-building research. Such an approach may seem counter-intuitive, as this regime is still labelled a "puppet" by Chinese historiography, which has cast it aside from the rest of the period and confined it to an ideological history of collaboration. I consider it within the context of a political and social study of government and administration, which tries to grasp the real functioning of the state machine in the occupied zone. For this purpose, I develop the concept of occupation state, i.e. a larger apparatus than the sole collaboration regimes, which included Japanese military and civilian agencies as well as Chinese local governments. From 1940 on, the state-building process aimed at integrating these organizations behind the façade of the Wang Jingwei government. However, it was diverted by a formation process, which resulted from the contradictions between its different actors. I explore this process from three different angles. The first part studies the establishment of the occupation state from the Japanese point of view, showing the mutual impact of centre and periphery within the Japanese Empire. Then, it follows the genesis of the occupation state up to the establishment of the Wang Jingwei government. The second part focuses on the experience of the latter, whose specificity, compared to other pro-Japanese regimes, was the ambition of the Wang group to restore the legitimate nationalist government as part of a "return to the capital". Thirdly, I look at the administrative personnel’s institutional and ideological framework as well as their living conditions

I Sverige finns en lång tradition att byggande med materialet trä men det är främst av småhus som byggts. Flerbostadshusmarknaden har länge dominerats av materialen betong och stål men med dagens syn på hållbart byggande har byggnationen av trä blivit allt mer eftertraktat. Men det finns fortfarande en del utmaningar med att bygga höga hus i trä. Med ökade antal våningar så ökar lasterna och ett problem vid byggande av höga hus med träregelstomme är stämpeltrycket på syllen. Vid för hög belastning på syllen deformeras denna vilket kan inverka på stommens stabilitet och bärförmåga. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om en syll av korslimmat trä kan förbättra förutsättningarna för att bygga höghus med träregelstomme. I arbetet jämförs stämpeltrycket för två olika varianter av syllar med KL-trä samt med en traditionell syll. Dimensionen på syllarna är 120 x 45 mm och virkesklass C24. Idén är att utnyttja KL-träets korsande fiberriktningar för att uppnå en högre tryckhållfasthet. Vid genomförda experimentella försök mäts tryckkraft, förskjutning och töjningar av syllarna som belastades av en hydraulisk press och analyserade med hjälp av ett beröringsfritt mätsystem. Tre olika beräkningsmodeller för syll av KL-trä är framtagna och jämförs med resultatet från experimentet. Resultatet visar på att en syll av KL-trä har en betydligt högre tryckhållfasthet än en traditionell syll. Detta ger goda förutsättningar för att bygga höga hus med träregelstomme.
In Sweden, there is a long tradition of building timber structures mainly for the small-house market. The multi-dwelling housing market has for long been dominated by building materials such as concrete and steel, but with today's preferences of sustainable construction materials, wood has become increasingly sought after. But there are still some challenges in building tall houses in wood. With increased number of floors, the loads increase and a problem when building high-rise buildings with wooden stud and rails system is the compression perpendicular to the grain in the bottom rail. When the bottom rail is loaded deformation occurs, which can affect the stability and bearing capacity of the structure. The aim with this bachelor thesis is to investigate whether a cross-laminated timber rail can improve the preconditions for building tall buildings with by use of timber frame. Compression perpendicular to two different CLT rails will be compared to a traditional one. The dimensions of the bottom rails are 120 x 45 mm and strength class C24. The idea is to utilize the CLT intersecting fiber directions to achieve a higher compressive strength. In the experiment, compressive force, displacement and elongation of the bottom rails are measured by means of a hydraulic press and a contact-free camera based measuring system. Three different calculation models for the CLT sills have been developed and compared with the results of the experiment. The result shows that a CLT rail has two to three times higher compressive strength compared to a traditional rail. This suggests a solution to the challenge with high compressive stresses in the rail.

The diploma thesis is focused on the design and assessment of the reinforced concrete structure of the administrative building in terms of the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. A 3D model of construction in Scia Engineer 17 was created for calculation of internal forces. The thesis contains static calculation and technical drawings of ceiling slab above first floor, staircase and a column. All structures are designed according to EN 1992-1-1.

Aquesta tesi doctoral com diu el seu títol es centra en analitzar la construcció de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona al segle XIV a través de l'anàlisi dels llibres d'obra conservats a l'Arxiu Diòcesa de Girona.
Aquesta tesi doctoral esta dividida en quatre parts. En la primera part s'analitza la historiografia de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona des del segle XVII fins a l'actualitat. Dins d'aquest apartat s'analitzen les notícies que aporten els diferents autors i es situa el context historiogràfic de cadascun dels segles. S'ha realitzat un estudi molt exhaustiu en les darreres publicacions del segle XX i inicis del segle XXI. Un cop analitzades aquestes fonts - secundàries -, dins d'aquesta primera part del treball s'ha passat a analitzar els llibres d'obra del segle XIV. S'analitzaràn els aspectes formals i els diferents escrivans encarregats de realitzar aquests llibres d'obra. Aquesta serà la documentació bàsica per realitzar aquesta tesi doctoral.
En la segona part del treball es procedirà a analitzar la gestió i el finançament de l'Obra. Es tracta d'una anàlisi, bàsicament dels ingressos, per veure quines són les estratègies que es duen a terme per aconseguir el màxim de recursos per la construcció i per les necessitats "litúrgiques" de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona. En aquest apartat s'ha analitzat l'Obra com a entitat amb les persones que formen part d'ella i el paper que correspon a cadascuna d'elles (l'obrer, l'escrivà, el mestre d'obres, el questor). També s'han analitzat els promotors i aquells ingressos que, pel seu volum, subministren el nombre més gran de diners a l'Obra ("annates", bacins, etc.).
La tercera part ha consistit en l'elaboració de la cronologia constructiva de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona partint de la informació obtinguda en els llibres d'obra corresponent a les despeses. S'han analitzat totes aquelles obres, tant pel que fa a la construcció de l'edifici com pel que fa a reparacions i manteniment, que tenen lloc entre l'any 1349 (data del primer llibre d'obra de despeses) i l'any 1391. En aquesta part no s'ha entrat a analitzar de forma exhaustiva les figures que fan possible la construcció de l'església al segle XIV ja que això pertany al contingut de la darrera part del nostre treball.
La darrera part del treball correspon a l'execució de les obres. En aquesta part trobem quatre grans capítols: els mestres d'obra, la mà d'obra, els materials i els mitjans auxiliars. En cadascun d'aquests capítols s'ha incidit sobre el rol dels diferents treballadors durant la construcció del temple, els materials utilitzats i les seves característiques (pedra, fusta, aglomerants, etc.) i els mitjans auxiliars utilitzats per col.locar aquests materials en obra. S'han separat els mestres d'obres de la resta de treballadors ja que els primers juguen un rol diferenciat dels segons. S'ha intentat analitzar en ambdós casos els seus sous i les tasques de cadascun d'ells. Pel que fa als materials també s'ha procedit a analitzar d'on s'extreuen, com han arribat a peu d'obra i on s'emmagatzemen i manipulen o transformen abans d'ésser col.locats en obra. Dels mitjans auxiliars s'ha intentat analitzar les funcions per la qual es fan servir les eines (apareixen totes les de l'ofici de pedrer), els enginys (elevar pesos), les bastides (poder treballar en alçada) i el encofrats (garantir la resistència inicial dels elements constructius).
Evidentment s'han establert unes conclusions de cadascuna de les parts i unes conclusions finals. La tesi també inclou els agraïments corresponents, el prefaci i la bibliografia.
This doctoral thesis how it says their title focuses on analyzing the construction of the church of Saint Feliu of Girona in the 14th century through the analysis of the books of work preserved on the Archive Diòcesa of Girona.
This doctoral thesis esta divided into four deliveries. In the first part the historiography of the church of Saint Feliu de Girona since the 17th century until the present is analyzed. In this section the news that the different authors bring is analyzed and the historiogràfic context of each of the centuries is placed. A very exhaustive study has been carried out in the last publications of the 20th century and beginnings of the 21st century. Once analyzed these fountains|sources? secondary?, in this first part of the work has been gone|passed to analyzing the books of work of the 14th century. The formal aspects and the different court clerks been of carrying out these books of work in charge will be analyzed. This will be the basic documentation to carry out this doctoral thesis.
In the second part of the work people will proceed to analyzing the formality and the funding of the Work. It is about an analysis, in a basic way of the admissions, to see which they are the strategies that they are carried out to achieve the maximum of resources for the construction and from the "liturgical" needs of the church of Saint Feliu de Girona. In this section the Work as an entity with the persons who are part of her and the paper|role that corresponds to each of them (the worker, the court clerk, the master builder, the questor) have been analyzed. The promoters and those admissions|incomes that, for its volume, supply the Work ("annates", bowls, etc) with the greatest number of money have also been analyzed.
The third part has consisted of the elaboration of the constructive chronology of the church of Saint Feliu de Girona following the obtained information in the books of work corresponding to the expenses. All those works, regarding the construction of the building as well as regarding repairs and maintenance, that have place among year 1349, (it dates from the first book of expenses work) and in year 1391 have been analyzed. In this part people have not entered to analyze in an exhaustive way the people that make the construction of the church in the 14th century possible since this belongs to the contents of the last part of our work.
The last part of the work corresponds to the execution of the works. In this part we find four big chapters: the teachers of work, the labor, the materials and the auxiliary means. In each of these chapters the role of the different workers during the construction of the temple, the used materials and its characteristics (stone, wood, binders, etc) has been fallen upon and the auxiliary means used for placing these materials in work. The master builders of the rest of workers have been sorted out since the first play a role differentiated from the seconds. It has been attempted to analyze their salaries and the tasks of each of them in both cases. Regarding the materials has also been proceeded to analyzing from where they are extracted, how they have arrived on foot of work and where they are stored and where they manipulate or where they transform before being placed in work. Of the auxiliary means has been attempted to analyze the functions for which the tools (they turn up all the ones of the profession of gizzard) are used, the wits (to elevate weights), the scaffolds (to be able to work in height) and the framework (to guarantee the initial resistance of the constructive elements).
Obviously some conclusions of each of the parts and some final conclusions have been established. The thesis also includes the corresponding gratitude, the preface and the bibliography.

The presented thesis deals with the possibilities of using techniques of Competitive Intelligence (hereafter CI) for small and medium companies. Its aim is mainly to analyze the possibilities of CI method in case of a specific company in the field of small and medium enterprises. The first part provides comprehensive overview of theoretical information, which is necessary to identify the concept of CI. It begins with definitions of CI and then continues with more detailed description of the field. Next, characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises are introduced, as well as the possible use of CI in these enterprises. Finally, various methods such as SLEPT analysis, Porter's five forces model, SWOT analysis, and others are described in detail. The practical part of the work deals not only with description of a particular company in the field of building design and architecture, but also with crucial part of the thesis, exploration of external background of the company using these analytical methods and proposal of the proper use of information resources according to needs of the company. The last chapter deals with a suitable method of application of CI in the field of architecture and construction, providing summarized suggestions for the specific company as well as for the sphere of business in general.

The diploma thesis is focused on design and assessment selected parts of the reinforced concrete structure supporting six storey office building with regard to the ultimate and serviceability limit state.This thesis contains a static calculation and technical drawings of concrete slab above first floor, staircase and two columns. For calculation of internal forces was created a 3D structural model in Scia Engineer 16. Assessment of all designed parts of the structure is done according to Eurocode 2 (ČSN EN 1992-1-1).

The diploma thesis is focused on design on loadbearing reinforced concrete structure of multi-storey apartment building with shops and offices on the ground floor and underground garage. The thesis consists of the analysis and design of ceiling slabs above underground floor, supporting columns and the beam under the underground floor ceiling slab. Calculation 3D model was created to determine internal forces. All structures are designed according to EC2, ČSN EN 1992-1-1. The thesis includes elaboration of static calculation, shape drawings, drawings of reinforcement of solved structures. The rest of the project part are not analysed.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
95
The main purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of wood preservation on the resistances to Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Lenzites betulina, and Laetiporus sulphureus. Additionally, the effects of wood preservation on metal corrosiveness and strength properties of wood are also studied. The resistances to Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Lenzites betulina, and Laetiporus sulphureus are tested by the heartwoods of Cunnignhamia lanceolata、Tsuga heterophylla、Cryptomeria japonica 、Larix leptolepis and the sapwood of Taiwania cryptomerioides which were treated with the following absorbing capacity of ACQ-K2(1.3 kgf/m3), ACQ-K3(2.6 kgf/m3), ACQ-K4(5.2 kgf/m3), AAC-K2(2.3 kgf/m3), AAC-K3(4.5 kgf/m3), and AAC-K4(9.0 kgf/m3) as specified in CNS 3000. On the termite resistances test, the weight loss of treated wood did not exceed 1% and the weight loss didn’t exceed 2 % even after weathering test. On the decay resistances test, all of the treated specimens were well protected against L. Sulphureus（except Cryptomeria japonica specimens）. And the treated Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata and Larix leptolepis specimens were well protected against L. betulina. The treated wood did not exert significant effect on the surface Zinc-plated steel nail corrosiveness, however, the treated wood had significant effect on the low-carbon nail corrosiveness. When ACQ was used, the weight loss of low-carbon nail (1.93 %) > the weight loss of surface Zinc-plated steel nail (1.41 %). When AAC was used, the weight loss of low-carbon nail (3.78 %) > the weight loss of surface Zinc-plated steel nail (1.24 %). After the preservative treatment, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Cryptomeria japonica,and Cunnignhamia lanceolata specimens which absorbed ACQ and reached the grade ACQ-K2、ACQ-K3 and ACQ-K4, the results showed that MOE/specific gravity and MOR/specific gravity did not change significantly (except the MOE/specific gravity of K2 group of Taiwania cryptomerioides reduced significantly), and the values of MOE and MOR change were about 10%. Taking Taiwania cryptomerioides as an example, as estimation, the preservation treated sill of one wooden construction building with a floor area of 136 m2 could reduce 43.72 kg CO2 which fixed in the wood would return to the atmosphere by the gnawing of termite. And it would reduce 129.90 kg and 123.50 kg of CO2 caused by the infringement of Lenzites betulina and Laetiporus sulphureus respectively.

M. Tech. Architecture (Professional)
The aim of this project is to promote localised pastoral farming and reduce the energy consumed in the process of producing silage and the distribution of cultivated harvests. The design proposes an architectural intervention that would embody the process of storing and distributing harvested grain. The proposal investigates the design of a didactic silage production facility using the migrating silo to establish a new kinetic typology in productive infrastructure, meeting the following objectives: Establishing the new typology as a productive architectural solution that responsibly serves the community and environment that it moves through, within the set parameters of this proposal. It will incorporate and develop the current process of grain collection, storage and distribution. The architecture will incorporate sustainable building alternatives to allow the design a natural integration within its environment, informed by an eco-systemic building approach. Aligning the design with these principles will successfully reduce the energy depletion within the new typology; in turn promoting energy equilibrium within the set parameters of this proposal. The successful integration of a homeostatic design will rely on the integration of kinetic energy alternatives to supply power to a facility. These energies will be integrated into the functioning systems that complete processes housed within the facility. It is proposed that kinetic energy will be drawn from the fluid landscape in the form of wind and water as the primary power supply. Simultaneously, the potential energy that grain holds in the form of gravity/ weight will also be transferred into a kinetic energy.

M. Tech. Architecture
The design of a digital, genealogical archival repository in Pretoria West for the preservation of South African family histories, that will inter alia, provide free public access to such archived material, is proposed. Oppression brought about by colonialism and apartheid in South Africa ultimately led to domination by one racial group, resulting in the inadequate documentation of the personal histories of the majority of the population; an omission which may be remediated by the archiving of family histories. Archival buildings are custodians of the valuable items of heritage for future generations. However, due to the strenuous and time intensive nature of the genealogical research process, the National Archives and Records Service does not, currently, effectively address this lack, which has led to this field of research being privately practiced. An archive of family history to be housed in Pretoria West, an industrial area characterised by vacant and abandoned buildings in need of intervention, is proposed. The design seeks to adapt a grain silo which forms a part of an old flour mill complex on Charlotte Maxeke Street. An exploration into the building's past as a place which stores, secures and protects the contents within it, led to its selection as a suitable host for an archive which will utilise the preservative functional logic of the silo as a place of storage and security.