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1

Saakian, Alexander. "Evaluation of the reliability of the silo housing." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 46 (July 18, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20214403.

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The results of the survey of reinforced concrete structures of the silo building are presented. The assessment of the technical condition and reliability of the frame of the structure is given, recommendations for the operation of the building are given. Keywords: SILO BUILDING, INSPECTION, ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION, REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES, RELIABILITY
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2

Gan, Hong, and Yi Zhen Yang. "Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Cement Silo Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1234.

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Cement silo belonging to special structure, widely used in the cement industry, cement production is essential in the process of building. With the development of society, advances in industrial, cement silo construction have been expanding. This is an update to a cement silo structure, using finite element analysis, calculation and analysis in the context of full and half given mechanical properties, with ANSYS simulation modeling in order to get weak cement silo structure location, and design improvements for the weak position.
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3

Nugrahani, Elita Fidiya, Izzati Winda Murti, and Qurrotin M. O. Arifianti. "Analysis on energy use in reuse cement silo for campus building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (March 2018): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012012.

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4

Carson, John W. "Limits of Silo Design Codes." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 20, no. 2 (May 2015): 04014030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000227.

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5

Gurfinkel, German. "Restoring an Impaired Concrete Silo." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 3, no. 2 (May 1989): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1989)3:2(87).

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6

Ghalibafian, Mehdi, and Ramin Azarin. "Rehabilitation of a Grain Silo Complex, Iran." Structural Engineering International 7, no. 3 (August 1997): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686697780494707.

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7

Belous, A. N., E. A. Dmitrenko, Ya Yu Goncharova, and O. E. Belous. "REDUCTION OF HEAT-MOISTURE IMPACT ON REINFORCED CONCRETE SILO FOR STORING CEMENT CLINKER." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-6-162-173.

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The paper analyzes various constructional options for insulation of load-bearing structures of reinforced concrete silo. Based on the analysis, the optimum insulation was selected according to the minimum temperature difference in the wall thickness. Factors affecting the heat-moisture characteristics of the walls of reinforced concrete silo are identified. The influence of heat-conducting inclusions on the heat-moisture characteristics of the building envelope is estimated. The temperature differences in the silo wall thickness are detected. The temperature and humidity are calculated for various design options and the moisture accumulation percentage of the con-struction is calculated for the specified time period.
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8

Gilbertson, Alan. "Failure of a Silo in a Sinter Plant." Structural Engineering International 6, no. 4 (November 1996): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686696780496256.

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9

Henman, Linda D. "Silo busting makes good business sense." Strategic HR Review 19, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-03-2020-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to help these leaders position themselves for the new economy, to help them see what the author has seen. As the author’s clients emerged from the global economic turmoil that began in 2008, they indicated they had learned numerous lessons – the most important one: when leaders make good decisions, little else matters. When they refuse to make decisions, or show a pattern of making bad ones, nothing else matters. Helping these leaders position themselves for the new economy, the author could see what others did not. Design/methodology/approach Something was standing in their way – usually the unwillingness or inability to demand cohesion and teamwork. In many cases, they thought they needed more – more education, more experience, more time or more data. They did not realize they had enough of these, but they did lack the confidence, courage and optimism to make the changes that many would resist. Findings Through this work together, the most successful leaders realized they could no longer push growth. Instead, they had to remove barriers to success and usually these barriers were of their own making. They needed to understand how to leverage their strengths, remove their silo-building behaviors and replace them with silo-busting decisions. Originality/value These compelling stories and surprising research findings in this paper focus on real people, who actively sought professional improvement and personal development. Working together, the author and others mapped out their journeys, identified the key roadblocks they faced, recognized the wrong turns they had taken and unlocked their decision-making potential – all the while navigating an increasingly uncertain world and, in some cases, more than doubling the size of their companies.
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10

Saleem, Muhammad Umair, Hassan Khurshid, Hisham Jahangir Qureshi, and Zahid Ahmad Siddiqi. "A Simplified Approach for Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Silos and Bunkers." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 12, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801812010234.

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Background: Reinforced concrete silos and bunkers are commonly used structures for large storage of different materials. These structures are highly vulnerable when subjected to intense seismic forces. Available guidelines for analysis and design of these structures require special design skills and code procedures. Objective: The current study is aimed to elaborate the design procedures from different sources to a unified method, which can be applied to a larger class of reinforced concrete silos. In this study, analysis and design procedures are summarized and presented in a simplified form to make sure the efficient practical design applications of reinforced concrete silos. Method: Four different cases of silo design based on the type and weight of stored material were considered for the study. For each case, the silo was designed using given design procedure and modeled using FEM-based computer package. All of the reinforced concrete silos were subjected to gravity, wind and seismic forces. Results: After performing the analysis and design of different silos, the bending moment, shear force and axial forces profiles were given for a sample silo. The results obtained from the proposed design procedure were compared with FEM values for different components of silos such as slab, wall and hopper. Conclusion: The comparison of tangential and longitudinal forces, bending moments, shear forces and reinforcement ratios of different parts of silos have shown a fair agreement with the FEM model results. It motivates to use the proposed design procedure for an efficient design of reinforced concrete silos.
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11

ISHIKAWA, Tokio, and Jun YOSHIDA. "LOAD EVALUATION BASED ON THE STRESS MEASUREMENT IN A HUGE COAL SILO." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 67, no. 560 (2002): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.67.221.

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12

Zhao, Y., and J. G. Teng. "Buckling experiments on steel silo transition junctions." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 60, no. 12 (December 2004): 1783–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.04.004.

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13

Zhao, Y., and J. G. Teng. "Buckling experiments on steel silo transition junctions." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 60, no. 12 (December 2004): 1803–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.05.001.

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14

Teng, J. G., and J. M. Rotter. "Plastic collapse of restrained steel silo hoppers." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 14, no. 2 (January 1989): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(89)90020-5.

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15

Rotter, J. Michael. "Structural Design of Light‐Gauge Silo Hoppers." Journal of Structural Engineering 116, no. 7 (July 1990): 1907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1990)116:7(1907).

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16

Dogangun, Adem, Zeki Karaca, Ahmet Durmus, and Halil Sezen. "Cause of Damage and Failures in Silo Structures." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 23, no. 2 (April 2009): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2009)23:2(65).

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17

Gallego, Eutiquio, Jose María Fuentes, Alvaro Ramírez-Gómez, and Francisco Ayuga. "Effects of different snow load arrangements on steel silo roof structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 16 (November 20, 2017): 2507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217742526.

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Large diameter steel silos usually require a beam structure to support rooftop inspection gangways and resist loads derived from the snow and wind actions. The existence of localized overloads caused by drifted snow on roofs as a consequence of the wind action has been reported in the literature. European standard EN 1991-1-3 also considers the need of taking into account asymmetric patterns for snow loads calculation. However, conical roofs are not included in the specific list of cases considered by this standard. The present work compares the normal stresses and displacements produced in a conical steel silo roof structure by applying balanced loads distributed on the whole roof and unbalanced loads applied on a roof sector. Experimental measurements and a three-dimensional beam model developed by the authors have been used to predict the stresses and vertical displacements of a metal silo roof structure measuring 18.34 m in diameter. The results show that the existence of an asymmetric load pattern produces higher normal stresses (up to 23%) and vertical displacements (up to 50%) than those derived from balanced loads, for any similar load per beam considered.
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18

Zeybek, Özer, Cem Topkaya, and J. Michael Rotter. "Analysis of silo supporting ring beams resting on discrete supports." Thin-Walled Structures 135 (February 2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.11.001.

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19

Vybranets, Yu, S. Vikhot, S. Burchenya, and I. Babyak. "ASSESSMENT OF CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE ROUND IN PLAN REINFORCED CONCRETE FOUNDATION FOR THE SILO." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 83 (June 4, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-83-28-37.

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During the design, installation and operation of silos, they have defects and damage of various kinds, which affect the stress-strain state and durability of structural elements. Timely inspections and determination of technical conditions of structural elements of the structure and the site as a whole, will establish the possibility of its further safe operation or the need to restore operational properties by ensuring structural safety and reliability of structures. Therefore, the development of design schemes, methods of calculating the stress-strain state, life expectancy and further reinforcement for round reinforced concrete elements of silos with local damage, is quite relevant. Improper maintenance and operation of structural elements, as well as errors in the design and installation in the future lead to unusable for normal operation and sometimes an emergency. The development of projects to strengthen existing structures is a very responsible matter. The most common solution for strengthening existing foundations is to increase the area of support of the foundation cushion, which is not always possible in a compact building. The purpose of the work is to determine the technical condition of the building structures of the silo and the results of calculations performed in the PC Lira, to offer options for strengthening the foundation on a specific example. Structural solutions of the reinforced concrete monolithic foundation of the silo, the main defects and damages determined by the technical condition of the structure are given. For further safe operation of the structure, it is recommended to reinforce the wall foundations by gluing composite tapes and perform reinforcement of the foundations by controlling the growth of piles in accordance with the additional working design of the structure reinforcement. If the latest recommendations on strengthening and adhering to the safe and reliable operation of construction and structures are followed, further operation of building structures will be safe.
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20

Kmita, Jerzy. "Silo as a System of Self‐Induced Vibration." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 1 (January 1985): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:1(190).

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21

Hatfield, Frank J., and El Houssine Bartali. "Static Forces and Moments in a Grain Silo." Journal of Structural Engineering 114, no. 12 (December 1988): 2814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1988)114:12(2814).

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22

Li, Zhiming, and Shujiang Geng. "The energy dissipation effects of redundant members in silos under earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 31, 1987): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.20.4.269-274.

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An analytical study is made of the response to strong base motion of reinforced concrete silo structures having energy dissipation redundant members. The structural model consists of an axisymmetric silo body supported by reinforced concrete columns. Analytical methods used include inelastic dynamic response history analysis, inelastic static analysis, and elastic modal spectral analysis (Building Code of China). The sensitivity of the structural parameters, such as the location of redundant members, relative linear stiffness, and reinforcement ratios, are examined for lateral force and ground motions. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that the advantages of energy dissipation redundant members are of ensuring yielding hinges occur in selected elements, improving the distribution of internal forces, and providing increased ductility. Numerical examples are discussed to show the application potential.
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23

Teng, J. G., and J. M. Rotter. "Plastic buckling of rings at steel silo transition junctions." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(91)90060-e.

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24

Guo, Kunpeng, Changdong Zhou, Lingkai Meng, and Xiaoyang Zhang. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete silo considering granular material-structure interaction." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 25, no. 18 (May 25, 2016): 1011–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.1295.

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25

Rotter, J. M., P. T. Jumikis, S. P. Fleming, and S. J. Porter. "Experiments on the buckling of thin-walled model silo structures." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 13, no. 4 (January 1989): 271–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(89)90032-1.

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26

Ma, Yue, Rui Bai, Hong-xia Yang, and Sheng-dong Guo. "Investigations of the hot granular material effect on steel silo." Structures 30 (April 2021): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.12.079.

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27

Kelly, M., and J. E. L. Boyd. "Green engineering for livestock production systems." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500040942.

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AbstractThis paper concentrates on livestock production systems by introducing sustainable housing characteristics, and the type of information required to make an informed choice on environmentally sound materials and systems. It then compares energy use in two contrasting beef cattle systems, one a conventional straw-bedded court and roofed silo, with feed delivered by a side-delivery wagon, and the other a roofless woodchip corral and earth-bank silo, with feed delivered by fore-end loader. The woodchip corral system requires 70% less energy than the conventional bedded court, when the total energy inputs are analysed for preparation of the building materials, construction of the livestock accommodation with associated feed and waste storage, and manufacture and operation of machinery. However, when energy used in feed production is included this dominates the energy budget, accounting for 60% of all energy used in the conventional bedded court, and 85% of energy used in the woodchip corral system.
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Sondej, Mateusz, Piotr Iwicki, Michal Wojcik, and Jacek Tejchman. "Stability analyses of a cylindrical steel silo with corrugated sheets and columns." Steel and Composite Structures 20, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.1.147.

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29

Suzuki, Yosuke. "Introduction of ARIOSTEA SPIRAL WELDING SILO, How This New Technology Realizes Reductions of Building Time, Cost and Space." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 72, no. 2 (2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.72.168.

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30

Blight, G. E. "The delayed collapse of a 42 000 ton capacity RC cement storage silo." Magazine of Concrete Research 59, no. 5 (June 2007): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2007.59.5.329.

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31

Yu, Xie, Arash Raeesi, Hossein Ghaednia, Jamshid Heydariha, Sreekanta Das, and Shuangxi Xie. "Behavior of a Large Steel Field Silo Structure Subject to Grain Loading." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 31, no. 5 (October 2017): 04017038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001037.

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32

Teng, Jin‐Guang, and J. Michael Rotter. "Strength of Welded Steel Silo Hoppers Under Filling and Flow Pressures." Journal of Structural Engineering 117, no. 9 (September 1991): 2567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:9(2567).

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33

Skripkina, J. V., and J. A. Lalykina. "PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL CENTERS FOR TRAINING EXTREME SPORTS IN KURSK." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-6-92-102.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify the basic principles of formation of a multifunctional complex for extreme sports. It includes a comparative analysis of extreme sports facilities in Kursk as well as a number of previously studied similar projects and existing buildings by Russian and foreign architects. The authors of the paper propose a sports complex that fits into the existing architecture of the city. New technologies have been introduces to implement the design of such complex objects as a wind tunnel, a deep-water diving pool, a large-span indoor skate hall with seats for spectators and overhead light. All these elements have been taken from the projects of well-known architectural firms, such as eXtreme Architects, White Studio, Moko Architects, as well as other foreign projects of Danish and Norwegian architects. The authors also considered some ideas on the reconstruction of industrial facilities, such as a fan depot or a silo tower, which were converted into multifunctional sports complexes. The social, economic and environmental aspects of designing such an object have been taken into consideration. The authors give the regulatory framework including the fire safety requirements, requirements on building maintenance by limited mobility populations (MH), the impact on the environment. Moreover, the authors mention building regulations, which establish requirements to the equipment, inventory and the space of the whole complex. The article examines the importance of building a multifunctional complex for practicing extreme sports, and also confirms the relevance of such sports in Kursk.
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34

Chistyakov, Sergey V., A. V. Alekhnovich, and A. V. Tarabara. "PRACTICAL APPROBATION OF THE DEVELOPED MEASURES ON ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC AND TOXICOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE DISTRICT OF THE FORMER OBJECTS OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 9 (March 27, 2019): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-833-839.

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The evaluation of the sanitary-hygienic and ecological state of the environment on the territory of the location of the former silo launchers of intercontinental ballistic missiles after their partial elimination, as practical testing of the main provisions of the developed draft methodological manual on ensuring of environmental and hygienic safety of the sites for placing silo launchers after their decommissioning and Land reclamation. A comprehensive observation of the combat launch positions of liquid intercontinental ballistic silo based missiles after their decommissioning and partial liquidation was carried out. In accredited testing laboratories in soil, water, building structures, there were carried out.studies of the qualitative and quantitative content of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and its degradation products, heavy metals, radionuclides. In studied soil samples unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine was found to be in the soil in 69.4.7% of cases, and in 40.8% of cases in the studied samples, the excess of the MPC content of UDMH was recorded by 1.2 - 32 times. The study of soil on the degradation products of UDMG revealed their presence in some substances in most of studied samples, but their values did not exceed the MPC. The content of a number of heavy metals, both anthropogenic (zinc, lead, nickel) and natural (cobalt, chromium) nature was noted to exceed the maximum permissible and approximately permissible concentrations. It has been established that if the incomplete disposal of the former chemically hazardous facilities of the Ministry of Defense and land reclamation is concerned, the environment may contain toxic and highly toxic substances in concentrations exceeding the established standards. This circumstance determines the potential danger of decommissioned, but not properly disposed former military facilities for the environment, as well as for the local population. The experience gained during the practical activities made it possible to make the necessary additions and changes to the final version of the draft document on ensuring environmental and hygienic safety of the areas where the silo launchers were placed after their decommissioning and land reclamation.
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35

Knoedel, Peter, and Thomas Ummenhofer. "Practical Design of Aluminium Silos According to EC9-1-5." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.97.

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Within the code-family of the Eurocodes, provisions for aluminium shells are given in EN 1999-1-5 (EC9) [1]. EC9-1-5 is listed in the Bavarian List of Technical Building Regulations. Thus, in Bavaria as well as in other Federal States of Germany it is mandatory to use EC9-1-5 for the verification of silos. A typical aluminium silo for industrial products might have a diameter of 3 m, a bin height of 10 m and wall thicknesses of 4 mm / 5 mm. The aluminium alloy EN AW-5754 [Al Mg3] O/H111 (EN 485-2 [2]) would be typical as well. Relevant for determining the required wall thickness is the buckling resistance under axial compression in the skirt and axial compression with coexisting internal pressure in the silo bin. When some obvious shortcomings in the formulae for coexisting internal pressure were investigated, it was found that there is a big discrepancy between scientific research, which has been done on the imperfection sensitivity of aluminium shells and the design equations in EC9-1-5. In the present paper an effort was made, in order to tackle these discrepancies and make clear, in which points the code needs amendment.
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36

Teng, Jin‐Guang, and J. Michael Rotter. "Collapse Behavior and Strength of Steel Silo Transition Junctions. Part I: Collapse Mechanics." Journal of Structural Engineering 117, no. 12 (December 1991): 3587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:12(3587).

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37

Teng, Jin‐Guang, and J. Michael Rotter. "Collapse Behavior and Strength of Steel Silo Transition Junctions. Part II: Parametric Study." Journal of Structural Engineering 117, no. 12 (December 1991): 3605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1991)117:12(3605).

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38

Teng, J. G., and J. M. Rotter. "Recent research on the behaviour and design of steel silo hoppers and transition junctions." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 23, no. 1-3 (January 1992): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(92)90049-k.

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39

Landgren, Mathilde, Signe Skovmand Jakobsen, Birthe Wohlenberg, and Lotte M. B. Jensen. "Integrated design processes – a mapping of guidelines with Danish conventional ‘silo’ design practice as the reference point." Architectural Engineering and Design Management 15, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2018.1552113.

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40

Podvig, Pavel. "The Window of Vulnerability That Wasn't: Soviet Military Buildup in the 1970s—A Research Note." International Security 33, no. 1 (July 2008): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.118.

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The Soviet strategic modernization program of the 1970s was one of the most consequential developments of the Cold War. Deployment of new intercontinental ballistic missiles and the dramatic increase in the number of strategic warheads in the Soviet arsenal created a sense of vulnerability in the United States that was, to a large degree, responsible for the U.S. military buildup of the late 1970s and early 1980s and the escalation of Cold War tensions during that period. U.S. assessments concluded that the Soviet Union was seeking to achieve a capability to fight and win a nuclear war. Estimates of missile accuracy and silo hardness provided by the U.S. intelligence community led many in the United States to conclude that the Soviet Union was building a strategic missile force capable of destroying most U.S. missiles in a counterforce strike and of surviving a subsequent nuclear exchange. Soviet archival documents that have recently become available demonstrate that this conclusion was wrong. The U.S. estimates substantially overestimated the accuracy of the Soviet Union's missiles and the degree of silo reinforcement. As the data demonstrate, the Soviet missile force did not have the capability to launch a successful first strike. Moreover, the data strongly suggest that the Soviet Union never attempted to acquire a first-strike capability, concentrating instead on strategies based on retaliation.
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41

Diamoutene, K., and M. Kaminski. "Investigation of temperature and strain distribution in reinforced-concrete wall of a rapeseed storage silo." Structural Concrete 4, no. 3 (September 2003): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2003.4.3.109.

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42

Ibaseta, Daniel, Julio Molleda, Fidel Díez, and Juan C. Granda. "Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Sensor for the Web of Things." Proceedings 2, no. 23 (November 14, 2018): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2231466.

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Many Internet of Things platforms use dedicated software coupled with proprietary devices and interfaces, creating silo solutions with no interoperability. The Web of Things paradigm promotes using open Web standards to connect physical objects to the Internet through an application layer. In this paper, we propose a low-cost, indoor air quality monitoring sensor implementing a minimal servient building block recommended by the Web of Things Working Group of the World Wide Web Consortium. The proposed sensor runs a Web server on a low-power system-on-chip microcontroller, which provides temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide measurements to the Internet through a REST API. Any client on the Internet able to manage the HTTP protocol may access this sensor, making it compatible with any air quality monitoring platform that uses HTTP.
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43

Jarrett, N. D., C. J. Brown, and D. B. Moore. "Obtaining accurate pressure measurements in a stored granular medium." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-025.

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The project is concerned with the acquisition of reliable data from large-scale silos, and in particular data relating to pressures imposed on the silo by the stored material. For the purposes of the study a square plan-form steel silo was used, and the stored material was Leighton Buzzard sand. The experimental work was carried out in the environmentally controlled conditions of the laboratories at Building Research Establishment, Watford, United Kingdom. The project adopted the pressure cells designed by V. Askegaard. Both wall cells and embedded cells were used to measure pressure at the interface of the wall and stored material and within the stored material, respectively. For the embedded cells, it has been shown that the installation procedure is critical in obtaining reliable results. Preliminary tests were carried out in small-scale models until confidence in repeatability of the placement method was achieved. Even then there was some variation in results, and to ensure confidence each large-scale test was repeated five times. Pressures measured by both wall and embedded cells were compared to obtain calibration factors, and then the overall vertical equilibrium of the model was checked and found to be within the bounds of experimental error. The authors are confident of the accuracy of data which can now be achieved provided care is taken with both installation procedures and calibration checks. Key words : pressure measurement, silos, granular media, pressure cell calibration.
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44

Mu, Yunfei, Taiang Yao, Hongjie Jia, Xiaodan Yu, Bo Zhao, Xuesong Zhang, Chouwei Ni, and Lijia Du. "Optimal scheduling method for belt conveyor system in coal mine considering silo virtual energy storage." Applied Energy 275 (October 2020): 115368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115368.

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45

Bohman, Anna, Erik Glaas, and Martin Karlson. "Integrating Sustainable Stormwater Management in Urban Planning: Ways Forward towards Institutional Change and Collaborative Action." Water 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010203.

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Climate change impacts, ageing infrastructure and the increasing imperviousness of cities all raise enormous challenges to and call for new ways of planning for sustainable urban stormwater management. Especially, closer collaboration among a diverse set of actors involved has been pointed to as critical to enable the development of holistic and flexible approaches. However, the shift towards inclusive forms of planning has been slow, and characterized by technical and institutional lock-ins. Against this background, this study scrutinizes the challenges and developments perceived as central for improving stormwater planning, and analyzes how formal and informal institutional change could contribute to enhancing sustainability in this sector. Building on an analysis of data from workshops, interviews and a survey with Swedish planners and water managers, we suggest new strategies for integrating stormwater concerns into planning processes, overcoming silo structures, fostering cocreation cultures, and securing the continuation and implementation of stormwater management through various planning stages.
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46

Wróbel, Krystyna, and Wiesław Kubiszyn. "The battery of silos for rapeseed - the impact of the building quality and exploitation conditions on the technical state of the object." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401036.

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The subject of the paper is a battery of silos for rapeseed located in Oil Factory in Bodaczów. It consists of 24 cylindrical silos with capacity of 500 tons and 14 star-shaped chambers between them with a capacity of 100 tons each. The silos were supported on the supporting structure in the form of permeating ring beams and columns. The height of a single silo is 25 m, and the diameter about 6.0 m. Detailed macroscopic tests were performed on the battery of silos. Destructive and sclerometric in-situ quality tests and pull-off test were performed on the concrete, the degree of concrete carbonation was estimated. The position of the reinforcement in the concrete structure and the corrosion of the reinforcement steel were determined. Static and strength calculations were carried out. Based on the results the technical condition of the object was estimated as poor, locally due to the significant loss of concrete and structural reinforcement it was estimated as imminent failure. The article presents the results of these tests, describes the reasons for the poor technical condition of the structure and presents solutions to restore its functional efficiency. A comprehensive repair of the battery of silos is currently underway applying the proposed solutions.
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Holmberg, Åke. "Discussion of “ Silo as a System of Self‐Induced Vibration ” by Jerzy Kmita (January, 1985, Vol. 111, No. 1)." Journal of Structural Engineering 113, no. 9 (September 1987): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1987)113:9(2061).

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48

Nielsen, Jørgen, and J. Michael Rotter. "On the definition of design values for loads on silos and tanks." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 16 (December 19, 2017): 2499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217746348.

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Silos and tanks are both industrial storage containers, so it may be imagined that they can be treated in a common manner for structural design. However, the statistical base of reliability theory shows that tanks are exceptionally invariant in their loading, while loads in silos are possibly the most unpredictable of all structural engineering loads. This article sets out the arguments why the statistical scatter of loads on tanks should be seen as very small indeed. It then treats the problems of loads on silos at length, showing that a wide range of different factors dramatically influence the safety of the structure, leading to a situation in which the use of a single value for the partial factor on stored solid loads could be either very uneconomic or else unsafe. It shows that the known key parameters that define the form of the structure, the aspect ratio, the properties of the stored solids, the manner of filling and discharge, and the frequency of usage of the silo should all play a strong role in determining appropriate values of design partial factors. The recommended values for the partial factors should therefore be evaluated using rules placed in EN 1991-4.
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Hsu, Tien-Yu, and Jen-Yuan Yeh. "A Unified Knowledge-Based Content Management Framework towards Value-Added Application and Service Development and Business Marketing for Museums: The Case Study of the National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 8, supplement (March 2014): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2014.0096.

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The practices of knowledge management (KM) are complicated and usually difficult of accomplishment. In most situations, KM is introduced on a departmental or even individual level, leading to the Content Silo Trap where content, applications, and services are created in isolation. To address the issue, this paper proposes, for museums, a Unified Knowledge-based Content Management Framework, which consists of the Unified Process of Knowledge Content Development, the Multi-layered Reusable Knowledge Content Structures, and the Unified Knowledge-based Content Management System. The first declares tasks for the museum staff to perform while building and utilizing knowledge. The second abstracts content in consistent structures for reuse. The last comprises subsystems serving functionalities for knowledge-based content management. The proposed framework has been successfully introduced in the National Museum of Natural Science to manage tasks and operations on a daily basis. In addition, a platform based on the framework is implemented to support knowledge-based content management, value-added application and service development, and business marketing. The overall practical experience is a valuable reference for museums, the academia, and the industry.
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Hahnel, Mark, and Dan Valen. "How to (Easily) Extend the FAIRness of Existing Repositories." Data Intelligence 2, no. 1-2 (January 2020): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00041.

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Data repository infrastructures for academics have appeared in waves since the dawn of Web technology. These waves are driven by changes in societal needs, archiving needs and the development of cloud computing resources. As such, the data repository landscape has many flavors when it comes to sustainability models, target audiences and feature sets. One thing that links all data repositories is a desire to make the content they host reusable, building on the core principles of cataloging content for economical and research speed efficiency. The FAIR principles are a common goal for all repository infrastructures to aim for. No matter what discipline or infrastructure, the goal of reusable content, for both humans and machines, is a common one. This is the first time that repositories can work toward a common goal that ultimately lends itself to interoperability. The idea that research can move further and faster as we un-silo these fantastic resources is an achievable one. This paper investigates the steps that existing repositories need to take in order to remain useful and relevant in a FAIR research world.
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