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Okorie, Aaron Onyemaechi Darlington. "Cyclic loading of silt." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305257.
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Iravani, Said. "Geotechnical characteristics of Penticton silt." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/NQ39544.pdf.
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Pena, Bonifacio I. dela. "Effective and total stress strength interpretation for silts." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125111/.
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Grennan, John Thomas. "Characterization of a reconstituted low plasticity silt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60802.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 363-369).<br>During a major upgrade of the wastewater infrastructure in Skibbereen, Co. Cork, Ireland, there were many challenges during construction. Many of these difficulties were associated with the soft silt ground conditions. Consequently, soil samples were sourced from the location and transported to MIT for the purposes of this research. This thesis investigates the characteristics of the low plasticity silt encountered at Skibbereen to allow an understanding of the soil behavior and help explain some of the difficulties encountered during construction. The research program is divided up into two major components: 1) Index property testing; and 2) Engineering property testing. The index property testing defines the material as a well graded low plasticity silt with very low salt and organic contents. An extensive testing program is undertaken using Constant Rate of Strain (CRS), Hydraulic Conductivity, Ko-Consolidated Direct Simple Shear (CKoDSS), and Isotropic and Ko-consolidated undrained triaxial compression (CIUC and CKoUC) tests to define the engineering properties of the material. The experimental investigation finds that undercompaction is the best reconstitution technique for this material and it is almost impossible to test intact samples. The CRS tests demonstrate that the compression ratio increases with an increase in stress level but the recompression and swelling ratio are not significantly affected. The hydraulic conductivity results fit into the expected range for silt material and they are dependent on stress level. The DSS tests demonstrate that the undrained strength ratio ... increases with an increase in stress level. A similar trend is found for the peak arctan ... values. Overconsolidated tests prove that the SHANSEP framework can be successfully used for this material and the cyclic tests demonstrate that an increase in density through shearing will provide a dramatically higher su/a'v and greater ductility. The triaxial compression tests indicate that ... ill increase with an increase in stress level. In the CIUC tests, ductility and the degree of dilation increase with an increase in stress level. However, the CKOUC tests provide more consistent data at all stress levels and the su/a', friction angle, and modulus is lower than the CIUC counterpart.<br>by John Thomas Grennan.<br>S.M.
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Nawid, Aslamy, and Marcus Heinered. "Grundläggning för fritidsbostäder på våt silt mark." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235265.
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Nuförtiden är det allt vanligare att de byggs fritidsbostäder på tomten för att utöka volymen på ett hus,antingen för ett permanent permanent boende eller för tillfälligt boende under olika årstider, även kalladfritidshus. Påföljden är att all sämre mark är tillgänglig medan de goda marken har redan förbrukats tillstor del.. Nackdelen är att byggherrar som inte har kännedom inom branschen drabbas, utan att varamedveten om svårigheterna med att bygga på sämre flytbenägen silt mark, som är vattenskadad.Att bygga fritidshus på sämre silt mark kan ha stora konsekvenser som kan drabba byggherrens ekonomioch i värsta fall hälsa. Huset kan drabbas utav sättningar som kommer i sin tur påverka fasaden ellerhela konstruktionen. Vid hög fukthalt kan den bärande konstruktionen utsättas för mögelangrepp sompåverkar bärförmågan och gör så att livslängden på huset minskar dramatiskt.Det här projektet ger översiktliga svar på frågor som byggherren kan bemötas på, det kommer diskuterasdjupare hur man kan bygga på bästa möjliga sätt för att uppnå bästa resultat. Det som kommer tas upp ärför och nackdelar samt åtgärder som krävs för att undvika sådana problem som har nämnt ovan.Syftet med den här examensarbetet är att beskriva olika grundläggningsmetoder av fritidshus där manhar tagit upp förutsedda konsekvenser som man kan bemötas av under byggtiden. Olikagrundläggningsmetoder kommer jämföras med varandra som tydligt framhävs i resultat.Resultaten i den här projektet kommer redovisas utav fyra grundläggningsmetoder från litteraturstudiensamt intervjuer från Skanska, Züblin samt lärare från KTH. Dessa grundläggningsmetoder framhävsinom fyra olika markförhållanden som vidare ger olika resultat.<br>In the present, its increasingly common to construct weekend lodges owned land to increase the volumeof the main house, some build to live permanently or to live during certain periods of time in the year asa vacation home. What have happened is that much of the more appropriate land for house building hasalready been used up for construction of homes and infrastructure, while all much of the less usablelands remain. This is a disadvantage for housebuilders who are not familiar with the industry and areunaware of the difficulties that comes with building on float inclined soils that are water rich.Building cottages on poor soil can have major consequences that can affect the housebuildereconomically and trough bodily harm. The house can be affected by subsidence that will in turn affectthe facade or the entire structure. At high moisture content, the supporting structure can be subjected tomold attacks that affect bearing capacity, reducing the life of the house dramatically.This project provides comprehensive answers to questions that the builder can come across, they will bediscussed in detail as to how to build in best possible way to achieving the best results. What will beaddressed is the pros and cons as well as the action required to avoid the problems mentioned above.The purpose of this project is to describe different methods for construction a proper foundation for acottages where all the expected consequences that can occur during the construction period have beenmentioned. Different foundations will be compared with each other, as clearly summarized in theresults.The results of this project will be presented by four foundation methods from the literature study, as wellas interviews from Skanska, Zublin and KTH teacher. These foundations are highlighted in fourdifferent soil conditions, which further produce different results.
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Wilcox, Paul. "Late-Holocene Expansion of the Greenland Ice Sheet as recorded by the Vendue Glacier, Graben Land, East Greenland." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368013796.
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Wright, Janet S. "Non-glacial origins of loess-sized quartz silt." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333850.
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Twomlow, Stephen John. "Soil loosening and drainage efficiency of silt soils." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2738.
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An experiment was set up to investigate the effects of soil loosening on the drainage efficiency of a structurally unstable silty clay loam in Devon. Such soils are common to the Palaeozoic slates of South West England, and in many parts of Wales and Scotland. The dominance of the fine earth fraction these soils by silt sized particles and the associated low clay fractions ( 10-35%) gives rise to weak structures that are unsuitable f or mole drainage. Six drains were laid with permeable fill at a 20 m spacing on a gently sloping site at Seale-Hayne College Farm. A year after installation half the site was loosened to a depth of 0.4 m. The whole site was then cultivated and winter wheat sown. The study concentrated on the modification of the soil physical environment and water transmission routes following loosening operations for autumn re-wetting, the winter period and spring drying. Data collection involved the analysis of drainflow hydrographs and the measurement of soil water physical parameters. Results from an intensive twelve month monitoring period indicate that the modification of subsoil to improve drainage does not necessarily give the results expected . In this study it has been shown that loosening of an unstable silty clay loam did not enhance drainage, in fact the reverse was true which can have dire consequences in terms of trafficability and plant root growth. Loosening lead to an increased porosity which resulted in a greater, albeit temporary, retention of water within the disturbed zone. This means that loosened soils were wetter prior to a rainstorm and remained so for a longer period after rainfall. This response, in turn lead to significant reductions in soil shear strength, which has important implications for successful crop husbandry in the autumn and spring periods when field operations are necessary. Further work is required to assess the temporal persistence of soil loosening on soil physical conditions and crop responses.
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Bradshaw, Aaron S. "Liquefaction potential of non-plastic silts /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3248224.
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Bardhan, Sougata. "BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES CAPABLE OF ENHANCED EPTC AND ATRAZINE DEGRADATION IN OHIO SILT LOAM AND SILTY CLAY LOAM SOILS." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276270673.
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Barnes, Daniel Mark. "Monotonic and cyclic shear response of reconstituted natural silt." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55892.
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A triaxial apparatus was upgraded and a specimen preparation device was developed to enable monotonic and cyclic triaxial testing of low plastic reconstituted silts. The silt reconstitution technique involves consolidating silt slurry inside a cylindrical split mold, directly on the triaxial base pedestal. The slurry is carefully poured into the split mold using a flexible hose. A vertical load is then applied to slurry using a top cap and loading ram. Loading is applied in an incremental manner and the slurry is allowed to consolidate, creating a specimen firm enough to carry on with triaxial testing. The newly developed silt reconstitution device was verified with respect to specimen uniformity, saturation and test repeatability.
Using the new triaxial apparatus and silt reconstitution device, the monotonic and cyclic shear response of Kamloops silt was investigated, contributing to the understanding of the material behaviour of relatively low plastic silt. Silt specimens, initially hydrostatically consolidated to various stress levels, displayed cyclic mobility type strain development during both monotonic and cyclic loading. The specimen preparation technique was capable of producing laboratory test specimens having Skempton’s B values of greater than 0.98, indicating a high level of saturation of prepared specimens.
The undrained shear strength measured in undrained monotonic triaxial extension was found to be 20% lower than the undrained shear strength measured in monotonic triaxial compression. This difference is in accord with the stress-path dependency typically found in gravity deposited sediments, and is considered to be due to the anisotropic soil fabric.
Liquefaction in the form of strain softening accompanied by loss of shear strength did not manifest in the reconstituted Kamloops silt regardless of the applied cyclic stress ratio (CSR). The cyclic shear resistance of the material was found to be relatively insensitive to the applied confining stress level. The cyclic mobility type stress-strain behaviour was observed in spite of the initial static shear stress bias. The potential for excess pore water pressure generation was observed to decrease significantly with increasing level of initial static shear.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Civil Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Sanin, Maria Victoria. "Cyclic shear loading response of Fraser River delta silt." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30064.
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The cyclic shear response of low-plastic Fraser River silt was investigated using constant-volume direct simple shear testing. Silt specimens, initially consolidated to stress levels at or above the preconsolidation stress, displayed cyclic mobility type strain development during cyclic loading. Liquefaction in the form of strain softening accompanied by loss of shear strength did not manifest regardless of the applied cyclic stress ratio (CSR), or the level of induced excess pore water pressure (Δu). Cyclic mobility type stress-strain behaviour was observed in spite of the initial static shear stress bias. The potential for excess pore water pressure generation and associated shear strain development during cyclic loading was observed to increase with increasing level of initial static shear. Tests on specimens of undisturbed field samples and specimens reconstituted using the same silt material showed that undisturbed silt, despite having a looser density under identical consolidation stress conditions, exhibited more dilative response and larger shear resistance compared to those displayed by reconstituted specimens. In addition to consolidation stress conditions and resulting void ratios, it appears that other naturally inherited parameters such as soil fabric and aging effects would influence the shear response of natural silt.
Studies were also conducted to examine the post-cyclic reconsolidation response of low-plastic silt using specimens of undisturbed and reconstituted Fraser River silt and reconstituted quartz powder initially subjected to constant volume cyclic loading at different CSR values and then reconsolidated to their initial effective stresses. The volumetric strains during post-cyclic reconsolidation (εv-ps) were noted to increase with the maximum Δu and maximum cyclic shear strain experienced during cyclic loading. The values of εv-ps and maximum excess cyclic pore water pressure ratio (ru max) were observed to form a coherent relationship regardless of overconsolidation effects, particle fabric, and initial void ratio of the soil. The specimens with high ru-max suffered significantly higher post-cyclic reconsolidation strains. The observed εv-ps versus ru-max relationship, when combined with the observed dependence of ru on CSR and number of load cycles, seems to provide a reasonable approach to estimate post-cyclic reconsolidation strains of low-plastic silt.
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Raybould, Matthew James. "The response of silt-clay mixtures to cyclic loading." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363244.
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Napitupulu, Jonner. "The behaviour of silt under undrained and drained loading." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254613.
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Winnicky, Kim Lianne Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "On the permeability of frozen silt to organic contaminants." Ottawa, 1995.
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Madani, Syed Muqarrab Ur Rehman. "Laboratory assessment of recycling waste silt as filler in sustainable asphalt concretes for pavements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Due to the modernization of the construction industry, the use of waste is an attractive trend with high potential for many researchers. The majority of the waste materials that are recycled to produce new construction materials are usually by-products obtained from a variety of several manufacturing processes, such as the aggregate washing process. Recycling these materials is of utmost importance since it could reduce the adverse environmental impacts resulting from landfilling. The concept of producing asphalt mixes with waste materials serves as a way to reduce the enormous volume of wastes produced from various sources, which are dumped into lakes or to other water bodies. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of including silt, a by-product of limestone aggregate production, obtained from S.A.P.A.B.A. s.r.l., as a filler in HMA. Asphalt concrete mixtures are composed of two main components, which are aggregates and binders. Several types of research have shown the importance and the influence of filler in controlling the physical and mechanical properties of HMAs. The main objective of this research is to investigate and assess the effects caused within HMA by using Waste Silt filler. For this purpose, rheological and mechanical tests have been performed on the bituminous mastics and HMAs specimens, respectively. Frequency sweep and multiple stress creep recovery tests of the mastic showed similar behavior of samples produced with untreated and thermally treated waste silt as the filler with those of the control sample produced with common limestone filler. All samples had same resistance against rutting. Moreover, Marshall stability results were used to determine the optimum binder content, which was determined as 5.5% for all mixtures, regardless of filler type used. Finally, the ITS of the HMA mixtures were compared. All in all, the use of Waste Silt as a filler does not negatively affect the performances of HMAs and their bituminous mastics.
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De, Silva Michael S. W. "Chemical and biological aspects of using dredged river Clyde sediments for land restoration." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292081.
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Teets, Paul D. "Analysis of macro-, micro-, and trace elements of soil samples from Sanborn field /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418071.
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Gal, Yona. "Microbubble interferences with silt density index measurements of ultrafiltration permeate /." [Sede-Boker] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 2007. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/GalYona.pdf.
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Gogo-Abite, Ikiensinma. "Effluent Water Quality Improvement Using Silt Fences and Stormwater Harvesting." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5226.
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Construction sites are among the most common areas to experience soil erosion and sediment transport due to the mandatory foundation tasks such as excavation and land grubbing. Thus, temporary sediment barriers are installed along the perimeter to prevent sediment transport from the site. Erosion and sediment transport control measures may include, but not limited to, physical and chemical processes such as the use of a silt fence and polyacrylamide product. Runoff from construction sites and other impervious surfaces are routinely discharged into ponds for treatment before being released into a receiving water body. Stormwater harvesting from a pond for irrigation of adjacent lands is promoted as one approach to reducing pond discharge while supplementing valuable potable water used for irrigation. The reduction of pond discharge reduces the mass of pollutants in the discharge. In the dissertation, presented is the investigation of the effectiveness of temporary sediment barriers and then, development of a modeling approach to a stormwater harvesting pond to provide a comprehensive stormwater management pollution reduction assessment tool. The first part of the research presents the investigation of the performance efficiencies of silt fence fabrics in turbidity and sediment concentration removal, and the determination of flow-through-rate on simulated construction sites in real time. Two silt fence fabrics, (1) woven and the other (2) nonwoven were subjected to material index property tests and a series of field-scale tests with different rainfall intensities and events for different embankment slopes on a tilting test-bed. Collected influent and effluent samples were analyzed for sediment concentration and turbidity, and the flow-through-rate for each fabric was evaluated. Test results revealed that the woven and nonwoven silt fence achieved 11 and 56 percent average turbidity reduction efficiency, respectively. Each fabric also achieved 20 and 56 percent average sediment concentration removal efficiency, respectively. Fabric flow-through-rates were functions of the rainfall intensity and embankment slope. The nonwoven fabric exhibited higher flow-through-rates than the woven fabric in both field-scale and laboratory tests. In the second part of the study, a Stormwater Harvesting and Assessment for Reduction of Pollution (SHARP) model was developed to predict operation of wet pond used for stormwater harvesting. The model integrates the interaction of surface water and groundwater in a catchment area. The SHARP model was calibrated and validated with actual pond water elevation data from a stormwater pond at Miramar Lakes, Miramar, Florida. Model evaluation showed adequate prediction of pond water elevation with root mean square error between 0.07 and 0.12 m; mean absolute error was between 0.018 and 0.07 m; and relative index of agreement was between 0.74 and 0.98 for both calibration and validation periods. The SHARP model is capable of assessing harvesting safe-yield and discharge from a pond, including the prediction of the percentage of runoff into a harvesting pond that is not discharged. The combination of silt fence and/or polyacrylamide PAM before stormwater harvesting pond in a treatment train for the reduction of pollutants from construction sites has the potential of significantly exceeding a performance standard of 85 percent reduction typically required by local authorities. In fact, the stringent requirement of equaling pre- and post-development pollutant loading is highly achievable by the treatment train approach. The significant contribution from the integration of the SHARP model to the treatment train is that real-time assessment of pollutant loading reduction by volume can be planned and controlled to achieve target performance standards.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering
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Kotarski, Everton Luiz. "Variações glacial - interglacial nos últimos 800 mil anos inferidas a partir da deposição de sedimentos da fração fina (Sortable Silt) em um testemunho da bacia de santos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-16012019-141140/.
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Neste estudo, o tamanho médio do Sortable Silt da fração ‹ 63 micra dos sedimentos terrígenos foi medido em um testemunho para os últimos 800 ka na Bacia de Santos. Os estágios isotópicos marinhos (MIS) foram identificados até MIS o 19. Investigamos as variações oceanográficas passadas para obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a intensidade do fluxo de corrente de fundo durante os períodos glaciais / interglaciais. Os registros contínuos do Sortable Silt, isótopos de oxigênio e carbono, susceptibilidade magnética, taxa de sedimentação, fluxos de massa e conteúdo de carbonato foram obtidos e mostraram uma forte modulação com a intensidade do fluxo de corrente de fundo em resposta a ciclos glaciais e interglaciais. Em geral, para os períodos glaciais, foi possível observar uma dominância do deslocamento da água do fundo em direção ao norte. Uma comparação entre diferentes métodos de análise granulométrica (laser e técnica de pipetagem), revelou que ambos caracterizam os períodos interglacial e glacial. As análises espectrais mostraram um forte sinal no Sortable Silt para os ciclos da excentricidade (∼ 100 ka), o que foi confirmado pelos isótopos de oxigênio e susceptibilidade magnética, que apresentaram um sinal similar. Variações concomitantes no Sortable Silt e nos diferentes traçadores confirmam o potencial do primeiro como um proxy para a intensidade do fluxo de corrente de fundo.<br>In this study, the Sortable Silt mean size of the ‹ 63micra terrigenous sediment fraction were measured in a core for the last 800kyrs in Santos Basin. Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) down to MIS 19 were identified. We investigate the past oceanographic variations to obtain a better understanding about bottom-current flow intensity during glacial/interglacial periods. Continuous records of Sortable Silt, oxygen and carbon isotopes, magnetic susceptibility, sedimentation rate, mass fluxes and carbonate content were obtained and show a strong modulation of bottom-current flux intensity in response to glacial and interglacial cycles. In general, for glacial periods it was possible to observe a dominance of northward bottom water. A comparison between different methods of grain-size analysis (laser and the pipetting technique), revealed that both characterize the interglacial and glacial periods. The spectral analyzes showed a strong signal in the Sortable Silt for the cycles of the eccentricity (~ 100 ka), which was confirmed by the oxygen isotopes and magnetic susceptibility, which presented a similar signal. Concomitant variations in the sortable silt and in the different tracers confirms the potential of the first as a proxy for bottom-current flow intensity.
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Dufour-Laridan, Emmanuel. "Propriétés mécaniques des sols en petites déformations : étude expérimentale d'un sable silteux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0726.
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La loi de Hertz implique que le module d'Young d'un arrangement régulier de billes dépend de l'indice des vides de l'arrangement et de la contrainte moyenne. Expérimentalement, la dépendance à l'indice des vides suit la loi de Hardin ou une loi en puissance négative, et la dépendance à la contrainte moyenne une loi puissance 0,5 environ. La vitesse de déformation, l'OCR, l'âge, la succion matricielle, influent aussi. Il existe divers dispositifs de mesure des petites déformations, quasi-statiques ou dynamiques, en cisaillement ou en compression. Nous disposions d'un appareil triaxial équipé de capteurs de déformation à effet hall. La même cellule pouvait porter des Bender éléments. L'étude a mis en lumière et pallie les problèmes métrologiques lies à ces techniques de mesure. Diverses améliorations techniques nous ont permis d'obtenir des mesures de E précises à des déformations de 1 ppm. Le sable d'Hostun a été teste, mais la plupart des essais concernent le sable détritique granitique de Perafita, préparé par compactage Proctor modifie à 4 teneurs en eau. Des compressions déviatoires étaient conduites de l'état de contrainte isotrope jusqu'à des déformations de quelques millièmes au plus. Les dépendances à l'indice des vides (puissance 0,9) et à la contrainte moyenne (puissance 0,6) sont bien vérifiées. La vitesse de déformation influe peu. Le vieillissement semble important. La loi de Terzaghi s'applique au-dessus de 60% de saturation. Le coefficient de poisson mesure est proche de 0,05 au début du chargement puis augmente sensiblement. Les cycles de contrainte isotrope mettent en évidence un comportement isotrope transverse. Le matériel de mesure améliore a permis des mesures précises, mais au prix d'importants efforts. Le coefficient de poisson et l'anisotropie pourraient être étudiés plus avant, et on pourrait concevoir des essais couvrant toute la gamme des déformations.
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Vossoughi, Kamran-Charles. "Étude numérique du comportement des ouvrages de soutènement à la rupture." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0849.
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Cette étude se situe dans le contexte de recherches menées sur les différents aspects de l’application de l’Eurocode 7 dans le domaine de géotechnique. Elle a essentiellement pour but, dans le cadre des ouvrages de soutènement, de modéliser les états limites ultimes (ELU) et de mettre en évidence la capacité des méthodes numériques, comme celle des éléments finis, à schématiser la rupture. Dans un premier temps, on s’est intéressé à la modélisation des états limites ultimes. On y propose des méthodes simples à utiliser dans les codes de calcul aux éléments finis en intégrant toutefois des modèles de comportement élaborés et des méthodes améliorées pour les algorithmes numériques. A partir de l’analyse de bifurcation on cherche à trouver les surfaces singulières dans le cadre d’une hypothèse de discontinuité faible. L’analyse de stabilité basée sur la théorie du travail de second ordre est ensuite examinée comme un précurseur des états limites ultimes. La comparaison entre des critères proposés pour la schématisation des ELU, que ce soit dans des configurations simples ou complexes d’ouvrages de soutènement, et des solutions analytiques et des résultats expérimentaux, met en évidence la fiabilité et la pertinence des développements effectués. Ensuite, nous traitons la notion de rotules plastiques dans les éléments poutres. En se basant sur ces notions et en utilisant les possibilités qu’elles nous offrent, on examinera le dimensionnement des écrans de soutènement modélisé par des éléments poutres à l’état limite ultime. Dans un deuxième temps, on présente le développement et la validation d’un modèle du comportement à critère orienté conçu pour le traitement de la localisation des déformations. On présente les avantages d’une loi de comportement élaborée basée essentiellement sur une plasticité multimécanisme, ce en vérifiant la condition de bifurcation. Les exemples d’application démontrent l’aptitude du code de calcul et la capacité du modèle de la localisation des déformations ainsi qu’à l’état limite.
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Pant, Ashish Dev. "EFFECT OF LIQUID POLYMER STABILIZER ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF FINE GRAINED SOIL." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1865.
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Soil stabilization is a common technique to increase the strength and durability and also to reduce the swell-shrink behavior of foundation soil or subgrade soil in pavement. Nowadays, several nontraditional stabilizers (e.g., Polymer, Enzyme, Ionic stabilizer etc.) are available in market whose behavior is not fully understood for wide range of soil types. In the present study two types of soils i.e., Carbondale soil ‘clay with high plasticity (CH)’ and Galatia soil ‘silt with low plasticity (ML)’ has been used. A commercially available liquid polymer “Soiltac” was selected as a stabilizer and mixed with both the soils at various percentages i.e., 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 3.0% by dry weight of soil to study the effect of polymer on geotechnical properties of soil. Particle size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, specific gravity and standard Proctor tests were conducted to identify the basic index properties of the soil. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were conducted after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days of curing period for CH soil. For ML soil, UCS tests were carried out after 7 days and 28 days of curing period. In addition, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted for CH soil at unsoaked and soaked (soaked for 96 hours) conditions. With the addition of stabilizer, no significant changes in UCS values were obtained for ML soil. For CH soil, UCS values increases upto 1.5% stabilizer dose and then decreases with 3.0% of stabilizer. Also, for CH soil, UCS value increases with the increase in curing period. For CH soil, the unsoaked CBR value increases upto 1.5% stabilizer dose and then decreases with 3.0% of stabilizer but no significant improvement in soaked CBR values were found.
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Gunnels, Jesse Lewis. "The black river| Deposits of coal silt along the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1556516.
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<p> Deposits of coal silt are significant because they provide archaeologists a baseline for investigating changes in pre-industrial and post-industrial landscapes in Pennsylvania. Beginning in the 1790s, miners extracted coal from seams near the surface with a pick and shovel. Over the next 120 years, coal mining evolved into a booming industry. In 1917, production peaked at over 100 million tons. By 1950, geologists discovered reserves of crude oil and natural gas, leading to the overall decline of the anthracite coal industry. Today, coal is no longer a dominant part of the local economy. Coal mining generated enormous quantities of waste, including small pieces of unburnt coal and other non-economic materials. Waste from mines entered the Susquehanna River, mixed with naturally occurring sediments, and formed deposits of coal silt along the banks and mid-channel islands of the river. To understand the effect of coal silt on the river, I use processual archaeology to characterize and examine the Anthropocene - an informal geologic era defined by human induced changes to Earth's ecosystems. What led to unburnt coal in the Susquehanna River? When did unburnt coal enter the Susquehanna River? I use data collected during a ten-week internship to answer these questions and define the occurrence and chronology of deposits of coal silt along the river. Archaeologists generally agree deposits of coal silt date to the late nineteenth century, but fine-tuning the date of deposition is not easy (Stinchcomb et al. 2013). To help solve the problem, I investigated two archaeological sites along the river - Fort Halifax and Calver Island. This thesis highlights reasons why archaeologists should take deposits of coal silt seriously. Considering the importance of energy to human economic and social life and the urgency of addressing contemporary energy problems, this thesis draws on evidence from the stratigraphic record to incorporate anthropological and archaeological perspectives for studying the past, present, and future of energy development and industrialization. </p>
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White, Thomas Leslie Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "Cryogenic alteration of clay and silt soil microstructure implications for geotechnical properties." Ottawa, 1996.
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Weidinger, David M. "Laboratory analysis of small strain moduli in compacted silts." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Weidinger_09007dcc8055189a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Rose, Andrew Thomas. "The undrained behavior of saturated, dilitant silts /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12122008-152645/.
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Assallay, Albashir Mohammed. "Structure and hydrocollapse behaviour of loess." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11230.
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Loess has a metastable structure and undergoes structural hydrocollapse when loaded and wetted, leading to subsidence and damage of overlying structures, which presents enormous engineering problems in many countries in the world. This problem is a focus of much research on both the nature of the phenomenon and the means. of overcoming its negative consequences. However, there remains a need for fundamental experimental and theoretical studies aimed at understanding the many uncertainties involved in the hydrocollapse phenomenon. An experimental programme has been conducted to study the fundamental nature of the hydrocollapse phenomenon in loess, and the primary features of the metastable structure controlling it. High quality disc-shaped specimens were prepared from natural undisturbed, very soft and slightly cemented loess soils using two simple devices which were designed and manufactured in the laboratory. Artificial loess materials were prepared by mixing pure silt particles of different geometrical characteristics (crushed sand, ballotini glass balls) with various clay types (kaolinite, bentonite) to produce mixes with different clay/silt ratios. Soil specimens of metastable structure were created from natural and model loess materials using the air-fall technique, which allowed full control over the critical variables. The index properties of the materials were determined experimentally, together with their geometrical characteristics from scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. The compressibility characteristics and hydrocollapse behaviour were measured via one-dimensional (oedometer) compression tests. Two testing methods were used: the single oedometer test and the double oedometer test. The results indicated that the experimental approach used in this research can be used successfully to investigate the hydrocollapse problem of loess deposits. The small-clay loess model was constructed and examined. The results proved that this model is valid. The collapse behaviour of reconstituted and undisturbed loess specimens prepared from the same material was qualitatively similar, although the reconstituted materials exhibited greater collapsibility, particularly under low normal effective stresses. Specimens prepared from pure silt revealed very little collapse in spite of relatively high initial voids ratios (e ≤ 0.9). The existence of bonding materials, such as clay minerals at the points of particle contact, is thus apparently essential for hydrocollapse to occur. Specimens prepared from pure silt-bentonite mixtures exhibited low hydrocollapse values in comparison with those for pure silt-kaolinite mixtures. It was observed that there is an optimum clay mineral content for maximum hydrocollapse and it depends on the type of clay mineral and the level of applied stress. Higher values of hydrocollapse were obtained with smooth, spherical glass balls as the silt fraction, thus confirming that the geometrical properties of the silt particles also have a significant effect on the hydrocollapse behaviour of loess deposits. The position and distribution (mixing method) of clay particles inside the soil structure were equally found to have a significant effect on the hydrocollapse behaviour. The index properties of Libyan loess were found to be very similar to those of other loess deposits world-wide. The Tripoli loess can be classified as silty loess with high susceptibility to structural hydrocollapse in the same manner as other better known loess deposits in the world.
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Marshall, Nathan T. "Silt in the Upper Ordovician Kope Formation (Ohio,Indiana, Kentucky): The Enlightening Wildcard." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321889026.
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Westrin, Pontus, and Nils Melin. "Slope processes and strength of material in silt rich ravines in Säterdalen, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-239978.
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Slope processes are important to understand if we are to protect fragile environments. Every year slope development in weak soils put nearby infrastructure in risk zones of sliding and ravine erosion takes away field areal from farmers as they grow even larger. Many methods for doing a risk analysis of a slope and its soil are complicated and require a lot of equipment. A simple way to do a slope investigation is explained in this report, along with its advantages and disadvantages. The authors construct a shear ring, an apparatus to measure peak shear stress of soils before fracturing. LIDAR scanning of two small ravines are also made to illustrate how laser scanning can be used to accurately measure denudation in slopes. The results vary, the shear ring is mostly a success aside from errors caused by difficulty in taking representative samples and disturbance. Some of the laboratory work made to determine material properties fail at giving good results, often a result of bad samples or disturbance in the tests. The LIDAR is determined to be a good instrument when working with slope development.<br>Sluttningsprocesser är viktiga att förstå och studera om vi ska kunna skydda känsliga områden. Varje år så sätter svaga jordar i sluttningar närliggande infrastruktur i riskzonen för att ligga på ett glidplan som snabbt kan släppa om jorden blir för blöt eller om för mycket tyngd läggs ovanpå. Samtidigt så tar ravinerosion bort åkerareal från bönder varje år medan ravinerna blir större och större. Många metoder för att göra riskanalyser av sluttningar är komplicerade och kräver mycket utrustning. I denna rapport så testas ett enkelt sätt att göra en sluttningsanalys med tillhörande diskussion kring dess fördelar och nackdelar. Författarna konstruerar en shear ring, en apparat som används för att testa jordens möjlighet att motstå en applicerad kraft. Två sidoraviner scannas även med LIDAR som en bas för att studera denudation i sluttningar. Resultaten varierar, shear ring-apparaturen bestäms som väl fungerande med undantag från vissa utförda tester, där svårigheter uppstod då jordproverna var störda eller mindre representativa. Vissa av laborationerna på jorden misslyckas med att ge bra värden, vilket ofta är ett resultat av dåliga eller störda prover. Laserscanningar av raviner med LIDAR bestäms som ett bra sätt att studera utvecklingen i sluttningar samt att mäta erosion.
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Saldanha, Sachin Mervin. "Effect of moisture content on the desorption of carbon tetrachloride from Hanford silt." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/s_saldanha_050409.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in environmental engineering)--Washington State University, May 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 19, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-61).
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Alps, Mike. "The phase transformation friction angle of sand." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442864.
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Bogdanski, Adam. "SKRED I NIPOR OCH KONSEKVENSER FÖR VATTENKRAFTSANLÄGGNINGAR I ÅNGERMANÄLVEN." Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140337.
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Detta examensarbete behandlar stabiliteten hos den typ av siltiga nipor som före-kommer längs med och i direkt anslutning Ångermanälven. Dessa sluttningar som i många fall antar karaktären av rasbranter har i många fall en alltför hög släntlutning för att kunna betraktas som stabila enligt traditionella beräkningsmetoder, men verkligheten visar att dessa beviserligen har den egenskapen att kunna stå kvar i mer extrema geometrier. Detta tillskrivs ofta egenskapen hos sand och framförallt silt att hysa negativa portryck samt cementeringseffekter till följd av mineralisering. Ägare av vattenkraftsanläggningar längs med Ångermanälven, till vilka e.on tillhör, har uttryckt en viss oro över vissa enstaka större skred som skulle kunna tänkas förekomma vid mer extrema tillfällen, där den stabiliserande förmågan blir reducerad och risken för att dessa generera flodvågor av det större slaget, ökar. Detta kopplat till andra omständigheter vid dessa tidpunkter som höga vattenflöden och minskad av-bördningskapacitet i själva dammen, gör att det finns ett intresse i branschen att kart-lägga stabiliteten hos slänter i anslutning till vattendrag, inte minst då skred generar drivgods, vilket kan leda till igensatta utskov. Studien har behandlat Ångermanälven från kraftverket i Sollefteå C upp till Nämforsens kraftverk i Näsåker och har ur stabilitetssynpunkt fokuserat på två slänter, en i Remsele och den andra i Mo-Norrtannflo, där det för den förstnämnda fanns en del material tillgängligt från tidigare undersökningar, medan det för den andra krävdes undersökningar i fält för att fastställa dess egenskaper. Av de analyser som gjorts framgår att de studerade objekt och området närmast om-kring dem verkar vara stabila mot de djupare skred som befarades. Däremot tycks ytli-gare skred och erosion utgöra ett större problem, och bör analyseras och karteras mer för området som helhet för att fastställa den egentliga förkomsten av dessa, i synnerhet då just ytligare skred som berör större ytor kan bidra med stora mängder drivgods.
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Lau, Shing-cheong, and 劉勝昌. "A review of the management of the dredging silt/sand from Hong Kong waters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255553.
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Pettyjohn, William Randall. "Infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity of sand-silt soils in the Piedmont physiographic region." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53023.
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In this study, a two phase investigation of the hydraulic conductivity parameters of silty soils was performed. In the first phase, double-ring infiltrometer tests were used to measure infiltration rates in-situ at two sites in the Piedmont physiographic province of Georgia. The efficacy of predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity for Piedmont soils via published soil surveys from the National Resource Conservation Service and pedotransfer functions was then investigated. Work focused on the development of a consistent test methodology for soils (sandy, to silts and clays) in the Piedmont, and the final test method utilized being the constant head test, using a double-ring infiltrometer with Mariotte tubes to maintain the head.
In the second phase of the investigation, laboratory based measurements of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of binary mixtures of fine sand and nonplastic silt were performed to investigate the effects of particle mixtures on hydraulic conductivity. The materials used were ASTM 100/200 sand and Sil-Co-Sil 40 non-plastic silt, chosen based on the ratio of the mean particle diameters. Significant effort was invested in the development and comparison of methodologies to produce uniform specimens of the binary mixtures for hydraulic conductivity testing, with the final being modified dry tubing. Two fixed densities were used to investigate the effects of particle packing on the hydraulic conductivity of binary mixtures, with critical fines contents chosen to ensure the finer particles primarily filled the pore volume of the coarse particles. Incremental fines contents, by mass, up to this theoretical fines content were tested. The measured saturated hydraulic conductivity was evaluated in terms of fines content, global and intergranular void ratio, and confining stress. Models for predicting extreme void ratios and saturated hydraulic conductivity of binary mixtures were also investigated.
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Clarke, Michèle Louise. "Formation, depositional history and magnetic properties of loessic silt from the Tibetan Front, China." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34479.
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Tran, Manh Ngoc. "Installation of Suction Caissons in Dense Sand and the Influence of Silt and Cemented Layers." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4064.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Suction caissons have been used in the offshore industry in the last two decades as both temporary mooring anchorages and permanent foundation systems. Although there have been more than 500 suction caissons installed in various locations around the world,understanding of this concept is still limited. This thesis investigates the installation aspect of suction caissons, focusing on the installation in dense sand and layered soils, where sand is inter-bedded by silt and weakly cemented layers. The research was mainly experimental, at both normal gravity and elevated acceleration levels in a geotechnical centrifuge, with some numerical simulations to complement the experimental observations. This study firstly explored the suction caisson installation response in the laboratory at 1g. The influence and effect of different design parameters, which include caisson size and wall thickness, and operational parameters including pumping rate and the use of surcharge were investigated in dense silica sand. The sand heave inside the caisson formed during these installations was also recorded and compared between tests. The 1g study also investigated the possibility of installing suction caissons in layered sand-silt soil, where caissons were installed by both slow and rapid pumping. The heave formation in this case is also discussed. The mechanism of heave formation in dense sand and deformation of the silt layer was further investigated using a half-caisson model and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The installation response at prototype soil stress conditions was then investigated in a geotechnical centrifuge. The effects of caisson size, wall thickness, as well as surcharge were investigated in various types of sand, including silica sand, calcareous sand dredged from the North Rankin site in the North West Shelf (Australia), and mixed soil where silica sand was mixed with different contents of silica flour. Comparison with the 1g results was also made. The general trend for the suction pressure during installation in homogenous sand was identified. The installation in layered soil was also investigated in the centrifuge. The installation tests were performed in various sand-silt profiles, where the silt layers were on the surface and embedded within the sand. Comparison with the results in homogenous sand was made to explore the influence of the silt layer. Installations in calcareous sand with cemented layers were also conducted. The penetration mechanism through the cemented layer is discussed, and also compared with the penetration mechanism through the silt layer. Finite element modelling was performed to simulate key installation behaviour. In particular, it was applied to simulate the sand deformation observed in the PIV tests. The likely loosening range of the internal sand plug during suction installation in silica sand was estimated. By investigating the development of hydraulic gradient along the inner wall, the principle underlying the suction response for different combinations of selfweight and wall thickness was identified. FE modelling was also performed to explore the influence of the hydraulic blockage by the silt layer. This study found that the caissons could penetrate into all soils by suction installation. Among the key findings are the observations that the suction pressure increases with depth following a distinct pressure slope, corresponding to a critical hydraulic condition along the inner wall; and the installation was possible in both layered sand-silt and uncemented-cemented soils if sufficient pumping was available. While the caisson could penetrate the weakly cemented layers well with no notable adverse effects, problems were observed in the installation in layered sand-silt soil. These include piping failure in slow pumping rate installation at 1g, and the formation of extremely unstable soil heave during installation.
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Tran, Manh Ngoc. "Installation of Suction Caissons in Dense Sand and the Influence of Silt and Cemented Layers." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4064.
Full textAbstract:
Suction caissons have been used in the offshore industry in the last two decades as both temporary mooring anchorages and permanent foundation systems. Although there have been more than 500 suction caissons installed in various locations around the world,understanding of this concept is still limited. This thesis investigates the installation aspect of suction caissons, focusing on the installation in dense sand and layered soils, where sand is inter-bedded by silt and weakly cemented layers. The research was mainly experimental, at both normal gravity and elevated acceleration levels in a geotechnical centrifuge, with some numerical simulations to complement the experimental observations. This study firstly explored the suction caisson installation response in the laboratory at 1g. The influence and effect of different design parameters, which include caisson size and wall thickness, and operational parameters including pumping rate and the use of surcharge were investigated in dense silica sand. The sand heave inside the caisson formed during these installations was also recorded and compared between tests. The 1g study also investigated the possibility of installing suction caissons in layered sand-silt soil, where caissons were installed by both slow and rapid pumping. The heave formation in this case is also discussed. The mechanism of heave formation in dense sand and deformation of the silt layer was further investigated using a half-caisson model and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The installation response at prototype soil stress conditions was then investigated in a geotechnical centrifuge. The effects of caisson size, wall thickness, as well as surcharge were investigated in various types of sand, including silica sand, calcareous sand dredged from the North Rankin site in the North West Shelf (Australia), and mixed soil where silica sand was mixed with different contents of silica flour. Comparison with the 1g results was also made. The general trend for the suction pressure during installation in homogenous sand was identified. The installation in layered soil was also investigated in the centrifuge. The installation tests were performed in various sand-silt profiles, where the silt layers were on the surface and embedded within the sand. Comparison with the results in homogenous sand was made to explore the influence of the silt layer. Installations in calcareous sand with cemented layers were also conducted. The penetration mechanism through the cemented layer is discussed, and also compared with the penetration mechanism through the silt layer. Finite element modelling was performed to simulate key installation behaviour. In particular, it was applied to simulate the sand deformation observed in the PIV tests. The likely loosening range of the internal sand plug during suction installation in silica sand was estimated. By investigating the development of hydraulic gradient along the inner wall, the principle underlying the suction response for different combinations of selfweight and wall thickness was identified. FE modelling was also performed to explore the influence of the hydraulic blockage by the silt layer. This study found that the caissons could penetrate into all soils by suction installation. Among the key findings are the observations that the suction pressure increases with depth following a distinct pressure slope, corresponding to a critical hydraulic condition along the inner wall; and the installation was possible in both layered sand-silt and uncemented-cemented soils if sufficient pumping was available. While the caisson could penetrate the weakly cemented layers well with no notable adverse effects, problems were observed in the installation in layered sand-silt soil. These include piping failure in slow pumping rate installation at 1g, and the formation of extremely unstable soil heave during installation.
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Hadiwardoyo, Sigit Pranowo. "Caractérisation des matériaux granulaires des très petites aux grandes déformations." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0887.
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La rupture des chaussées est souvent liée à une diminution des propriétés du sol-support causée par une infiltration d’eau dans le corps de chaussée. L’étude expérimentale avait comme objectifs : a) d’étudier au laboratoire le comportement des matériaux granulaires en petites déformations à l’état saturé et non saturé, b) de mettre au point une méthode d’analyse pour prendre en compte l’effet de la pression interstitielle négative dans les propriétés du sol non saturé, et c) d’étudier le comportement contrainte-déformation de sables et graves non traités sous chargement cyclique. De nombreux essais ont été réalisés sur plusieurs matériaux à différentes teneurs en eau, densités, contraintes isotropes et déviatoires, en utilisant des dispositifs non standards pour les mesures en très petites déformations ou les mesures de pression interstitielle négative. Il a été conclu que l’utilisation du concept de contrainte effective permettait une interprétation du module d’élasticité et du critère de rupture.
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Hoe, Tian Hee. "The prediction via a mathematical model of the "primary" self-weight consolidation curve of silt particles during zone settling." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11152001-103032.
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Schuster, Peter. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von Silt-Sand-Fraktionen, die mit quellfähigem Ton vergütet werden /." Zürich, 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7764.
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Mobbs, Tamara Leah. "Effects of four soil surfactants on four soil-water properties in sand and silt loam." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/t_mobbs_050110.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in biological and agricultural engineering)--Washington State University, May 2010.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 23, 2010). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-22).
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Gibson, McLaren Sarah Jane. "Bench-scale and centrifuge testing of pore water pressure distributions across clayey-silt dam cores." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22311.pdf.
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Harper, Bruce. "An experimental and numerical modelling investigation of soil vapour extraction in a silt loam soil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/NQ40373.pdf.
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Hamelin, Joseph Paul Michel. "An experimental and numerical modelling investigation of soil vapour extraction in a silt loam soil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39658.pdf.
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Halverson, Jarid Lane Zech Wesley C. "Use of a small-scale erosion control model in the design of silt fence tiebacks." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/HALVERSON_JARID_51.pdf.
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Zimmermann, André E. "Effects of sediment transport on intergravel flow and egg survival in silt-rich spawning beds." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79215.
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Previous studies have shown fine sediment was removed from spawning beds when salmon dug nests and subsequent sediment deposition can re-clog the nests, which reduces intergravel flow and threatens egg survival. In the intensively logged Cascapedia watershed it is not known if there is enough sediment deposition to re-clog salmon nests. Furthermore, Cascapedia spawning beds are relatively silt-rich, whereas, the effect of fine sediment has been studied in rivers with sand-rich substrate. I evaluated if sediment-epositing events reduced intergravel flow and if these events inhibited egg survival.<br>During the summer and fall 2001, sediment deposition into clean gravel occurred at rates proportional to the length and dose of suspended sediment transporting events. Based on the results of an experimental sensor, sediment deposition reduced intergravel water velocities. Habitat conditions within artificial salmon nests, however, remained above critical levels for egg survival. Eggs survived (81%) until mid-April, at which time they were at the pre-hatched life-stage. The data suggests that in Cascapedia rivers, egg survival is likely only inhibited if the spring-freshet erodes or clogs the salmon nests.
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McCann, Mary T. "Toxicity of zinc, copper, and sediments to early life stages of freshwater mussels in the Powell River, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040226/.
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Culp, Jeffrey Parker. "Do Muds Sort? Experimental Test of a Hypothesis Key to Understanding Marine Bottom Currents." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101548.
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Accumulations of fine sediments in deep-ocean contourites form a sedimentary record that has been hypothesized to be directly related to bottom-current behavior. This is known as the 'sortable silt' hypothesis and states that the non-cohesive, coarse silt in the 10 to 63 µm size range within a deposit can be used as a proxy for paleocurrent velocity. Slow deposition rates on contourites (2−10 cm/kyr) make it difficult to test this hypothesis in the field and few laboratory studies have been conducted. To test the 'sortable silt' hypothesis in the laboratory, a non-recirculating flume was constructed in which silt and clay could be deposited under a variety of velocities, sediment concentrations, and silt to clay ratios. Samples of the deposited material from each experiment were analyzed to determine the grain-size distribution using a Micromeritics Sedigraph 5120 particle size analyzer. The results of these experiments were used to evaluate the following two hypotheses: 1. The proportion of sortable silt (SS%) compared to the proportion of clay is a better indicator of current velocity than the mean size of the sortable silt (SS). 2. The presence of clay will impact the movement and sorting of silt in the bed. Results show that increased velocity correlates with increased (SS), and that (SS) generally decreases downstream of the sediment source. (SS) was found to be more representative of velocity than (SS%) and, counter to the original hypothesis, clay did not have a significant effect on silt deposition.<br>Master of Science