Relevant bibliographies by topics / Siltstone

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Academic literature on the topic 'Siltstone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Siltstone"

1

Vivoda Prodan, Martina, and Željko Arbanas. "Weathering Influence on Properties of Siltstones from Istria, Croatia." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3073202.

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Slaking and weathering of weak rocks result in slope instability. Siltstones from flysch rock masses are highly susceptible to weathering, which causes rapid changes in the geotechnical properties and durability. This study investigated siltstone samples of different weathering grades from flysch rock masses from the Istria Peninsula, Croatia, and determined the effects of weathering on their engineering properties. Laboratory testing of siltstone samples of different weathering grades was conducted to determine the specific gravity, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, and uniaxial compressive strength. The standardized slake durability index is not sufficient to classify the durability of weak rock masses such as siltstones. Therefore, the durability of siltstone samples of different weathering grades was quantified from the fragment size distribution after each of five slaking cycles. The tested samples were classified based on the disintegration ratio, and the modified disintegration ratio was used to determine potential long-term degradation of the tested samples. The results indicated that weathering has a significant influence on the plasticity, uniaxial compressive strength, and durability characteristics and thus affects the landslides and erosion processes in siltstones in the flysch zone of the Istria Peninsula.
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Hartono, Edi, Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani, and Agus Setyo Muntohar. "The effect of cement stabilization on the strength of the Bawen’s siltstone." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503012.

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Siltstones are predominantly found along the Bawen toll-road. Siltstone is degradable soil due to weather session. The soil is susceptible to the drying and wetting and the changes in moisture content. Thus, Siltstone is problematic soils in its bearing capacity when served as a subgrade or subbase. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cement stabilization on the strength of Siltstone. The primary laboratory test to evaluate the strength was Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The cement content was varied from 2 to 12 per cent by weight of the dry soil. The soils were collected from the Ungaran - Bawen toll road. The specimens were tested after seven days of moist-curing in controlled temperature room of 25°C. The CBR test was performed after soaking under water for four days to observe the swelling. The results show that the mudstones were less swelling after soaking. Cement-stabilized siltstone increased the CBR value and the UCS significantly. The addition of optimum cement content for siltstone stabilization was about 7 to 10 per cent.
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Cheng, Ming, Yuhong Lei, Xiaorong Luo, Likuan Zhang, Xiangzeng Wang, Lixia Zhang, Chengfu Jiang, and Jintao Yin. "Pore Type, Pore Structure, and Controlling Factors in the Late Triassic Lacustrine Yanchang Shale, Ordos Basin, China." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113053.

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Organic-rich lacustrine shales in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation with thermal maturity mainly in the oil window are the main shale oil and shale gas system in the lacustrine strata of the Ordos Basin, China. Pore systems are important for the storage and transfer of shale oil and gas. The main objectives of this study are to identify the pore types and pore structures and investigate the controlling factors for pore types, pore structures, and total porosities of the lacustrine Yanchang Shale. In this study, organic-rich mudstones, mudstones with siltstone interlayers, siltstone, and sandstones were selected from 15 wells in the southern Ordos Basin. X-ray diffraction, pyrolysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-pressure nitrogen adsorption analysis, and helium porosimetry were conducted to investigate the mineral compositions, pore types, pore structures, porosities, and controlling factors. Siltstone and sandstone interlayers heterogeneously developed in the Yanchang Shale. The petrology, mineral composition, geochemistry, pore type, pore structure, and porosity of siltstone interlayers are different from those of mudstones. The siltstone and sandstone interlayers usually have more quartz and feldspars, greater detrital grain sizes, and relatively better grain sorting but are lower in clay minerals, total organic carbon (TOC), amount of free liquid hydrocarbons values (S1), and total residual hydrocarbons values (S2), compared to mudstones. Interparticle (interP), intraparticle (intraP) pores, and organic pores (OPs) were developed in both siltstones and mudstones. OPs were observed in samples with lower thermal maturity (e.g., 0.5–0.85%). The inorganic pore size is greater than that of OPs. Additionally, the inorganic pore diameters in siltstone interlayers are also greater than those in mudstones. Organic-rich mudstones generally have higher pore volumes (PVs) of pores with sizes less than 10 nm, pore volumes of pores with sizes between 10 and 50 nm (PV, 10–50 nm), and specific surface area (SSA), but they have lower PVs of pores with sizes greater than 50 nm, total PV, and porosity when compared to siltstone and sandstone interlayers. The dominant pore type in mudstones is OPs and TOC (first order), sources and OM types (second order), and thermal maturity (third order), while the abundances of rigid grains with greater sizes and grain sorting are the main controlling factors of pore structures, SSA and PV. Both inorganic pores and organic pores are abundant in the siltstone interlayers. The pore size distribution (PSD), PV, and porosity of siltstone interlayers are related to the abundance of rigid grains (first order), grain sorting (second order), grain size (third order), and carbonate cement content. The total PV and porosity of Yanchang Shale reservoirs may have increased with the increased abundance of siltstone and sandstone interlayers.
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Hurst, J. M., and R. K. Pickerill. "The relationship between sedimentary facies and faunal associations in the Llandovery siliciclastic Ross Brook Formation, Arisaig, Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 705–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-070.

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The Llandovery siliciclastic Ross Brook Formation of Arisaig, Nova Scotia, comprises three broadly defined sedimentary facies. These are a mottled silty mudstone facies (facies A), a laminated shale facies (facies B), and a laminated siltstone facies (facies C). Facies A consists of variably bioturbated silty mudstones, muddy siltstones, and fissile shales. It developed in relatively shallow water conditions; mudstones were presumably deposited from suspension, and siltstone laminae and thin layers were formed by increased wave and current activity. Mottling resulted from bioturbation by epifaunal and, particularly, infaunal benthic organisms. Within facies A, two subfacies are recognized: A(i) is mudstone dominated, and A(ii) is fine-grained siltstone dominated. Facies B consists of alternating laminae of undisturbed mudstone and fine-grained siltstone probably produced as a result of deposition from suspension during a temporary upward expansion of the oxygen-minimum layer. Facies C consists of 0.5–30 cm thick fine- to coarse-grained siltstones, which occur in lenses or layers of single, composite, or amalgamated units. Internally they are extremely variable, but all are interpreted as a result of deposition from storm-generated currents.The Ross Brook Formation formed on a shallow-marine, storm-influenced, subtidal inner–mid muddy shelf and is dominated by extensive but stratigraphically variable developments of facies A and facies C. Absolute water depth per se is difficult to assess, and although fluctuations occurred, much of the sequence is believed to have accumulated at or in the immediate vicinity of fair-weather wave base in water depths estimated to have been between 30 and 60 m. Silt supply was generally low, possibly reflecting great distance from source or the presence of a mud-dominated shoreline.Five brachiopod-dominated associations, which are stratigraphically the Eocoelia hemisphaerica, the Eocoelia intermedia – Eocoelia curtisi, the Visbyella nana, the "Camarotoechia" rossonia, and the Eocoelia sulcata associations, occur through the sequence. Associations change where die sum of the facies characteristics change, suggesting that the major physical controlling factor was substrate type and related environmental parameters. The development of discrete but intergrading associations is viewed as a consequence of the long-term persistence of a set of conservative animal–sediment relationships, superimposed on which is the evolutionary pattern of immigration and extinction of individual species.
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Hardisty, Laynie, Matthew J. Pranter, Deepak Devegowda, Kurt J. Marfurt, Carl Sondergeld, Chandra Rai, Ishank Gupta, et al. "Stratigraphic variability of Mississippian Meramec chemofacies and petrophysical properties using machine learning and geostatistical modeling, STACK trend, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma." Interpretation 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): T987—T1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0169.1.

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Mississippian Meramec deposits and reservoirs in the Sooner Trend in the Anadarko (Basin) in Canadian and Kingfisher counties (STACK) play of Oklahoma are comprised of silty limestones, calcareous sandstones, argillaceous-calcareous siltstones, argillaceous siltstones, and mudstones. We used core-derived X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data and established environmental proxies to evaluate the occurrence of specific elements (Al, K, Ti, Zr, Sr, Ca, and Si) and to illustrate their stratigraphic variability. For the Mississippian Meramec, six indicator elements or element ratios serve as proxies for clay (Al and K), detrital sediment (Ti and Zr), carbonate deposits (Sr and Ca), calcite cement (Sr/Ca), and quartz (Si/Ti and Si/Al). We used an unsupervised K-means classification to cluster elemental data from which we interpret three chemofacies: (1) calcareous sandstone, (2) argillaceous-calcareous siltstone, and (3) detrital mudstone. We used random forest to relate core-derived chemofacies to well logs and classify chemofacies in noncored wells with an accuracy of up to 83% based on blind tests. We integrated core-derived XRF, conventional well logs, and chemofacies logs to produce a cross-sectional chemofacies model that trends from the northwest to the southeast across the STACK trend. Chemofacies distribution indicates an upward increase of detrital mudstone from parasequences 1 to 3. Parasequence 3 is capped by a maximum flooding surface. From parasequences 4 to 5, an increase in argillaceous-calcareous siltstone and calcareous sandstone reflects the progradational stacking. Porosity is low in calcareous sandstones primarily due to calcite cement. Water saturation is high in argillaceous-calcareous siltstone, moderate in calcareous sandstone, and low in detrital mudstone. Interpreted biogenic quartz from element profiles corresponds to the calcareous sandstone chemofacies, which can be estimated from well logs and mapped. Effective porosity and water saturation models reflect the stratigraphic variability of chemofacies and rock types and can be predicted within the defined chemostratigraphic framework.
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Tedesco, Julia, Joice Cagliari, and Carolina Danielski Aquino. "Late Paleozoic Ice-Age rhythmites in the southernmost Paraná Basin: A sedimentological and paleoenvironmental analysis." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 8 (August 19, 2020): 969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.54.

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ABSTRACT Fine-grained rhythmites are a recurrent sedimentary facies in glacially influenced marine and lacustrine sequences throughout geological time. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of these ancient deposits has been a challenge, because similar rhythmites may have formed in different depositional contexts. In the Paraná Basin, the Itararé Group contains numerous successions of fine-grained rhythmites, deposited in the Carboniferous during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). The described rhythmites are characterized by the intercalation of fine-grained sandstones and siltstones with clay and clayey siltstones. We have identified two distinct types of rhythmites based on the contact between couplets, couplets thickness, sedimentary structures, and geochemical proxies. Type 1 rhythmites are characterized by intercalation of very fine-grained sandstone–siltstone (60–90%) with claystone (40–10%) and normal grading. Type 2 rhythmites are characterized by couplets of siltstone (50%) and claystone (50%), with a sharp contact within couplets. Type 1 rhythmites are interpreted as turbidity-current deposits, and Type 2 as distal deposits of hypopycnal flow. Geochemical proxies suggest deposition of the rhythmites under marine conditions, in a period of rising temperature and humidity, and with intensified chemical weathering. These paleoenvironmental characteristics are in agreement with the interglacial period. The preservation of thick rhythmite successions of the Itararé Group in the southern part of the basin was controlled by the constant creation of accommodation space inside paleovalleys.
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Tokarev, Yury, Grigory Yakovlev, Zarina Saidova, Valery Grakhov, Alexander Buryanov, and Ali Elsaed Mohamed Mohamed Elrefai. "A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF ANHYDRITE BINDER MODIFIED BY ULTRA-DISPERSED SILTSTONE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 11, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2019.11950.

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This research is devoted to modification of physical and mechanical properties and structure of a binder based on natural anhydrite. A sedimentary rock siltstone was added into the composition as a mineral ultrafine additive. The presence of aluminosilicate minerals proves that finely ground siltstone can be used as a mineral additive in the composition of the anhydrite binder, accelerating crystallization of gypsum new formations and densifying the structure of gypsum stone. For the first time, the effectiveness of using sodium and ammonium phosphates as hardening activators of an anhydrite binder was shown. Siltstone, added to the composition in the amount from 0 to 5%, lead to up to 40% increase in strength, which is due to the action of siltstone particles as “crystallization centers” and formation of crystalline hydrates of calcium sulfate dihydrate on their surface. Combined action of calcined siltstone and lime leads to a 45% increase in strength due to the additional compaction by new hydration products formed in the course of metakaolin and lime interaction. Microstructural analysis showed that samples with calcined siltstone and lime have a more dense and uniform structure with a lower porosity, compared to those with only natural siltstone.
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Hosseini, S. H., S. Feiznia, and H. R. Peyrovan. "Assessment of marl properties effect on sediment and runoff rate at different rainfall intensity under field rainfall simulator." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 4 (2009): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0904085h.

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The objective of this study is to assess the effect of physical and chemical properties of Marl's formations on sediment and runoff rates at different rainfall intensities, based on using field rainfall simulator. For this purpose, first Marl's formations (Neocene's units) were separated to five units including Halite siltstone(NgSiH), Siltstone (NgSi), Mudstone (gy1C), Gypsum mudstone (gy1CG) and Halite clay stone (gy2CH), based on physical and chemical properties. Then runoff and sediment rates were determined in each unit at two intensities (30 and 60 mm/h) using rainfall simulator. Analysis of variance and Duncan's tests showed that Halite siltstone unit has produced the highest amount of runoff and sediment rates and then the runoff and sediment rates of other subunits in decreasing order are as follows: Siltstone, gy2CH, gylCG and gy1C are 5% significant level. The trend of induced runoff and sediment rates at different times showed that in Halite siltstone and Siltstone units the runoff amounts were fixed rapidly at 2nd ten minutes. And, on the other units, the runoff amounts were fixed at 3rd ten minutes and sediment yield was increased rapidly at 3rd ten minutes.
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VINN, OLEV, and URSULA TOOM. "Borings in phosphatized Cambrian siltstone pebbles, Estonia (Baltica)." Geological Magazine 153, no. 4 (November 20, 2015): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681500076x.

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AbstractThe earliest known macroborings (Trypanites) from Baltica occur in early Cambrian phosphatized siltstone pebbles from Kopli quarry in Tallinn, Estonia. Trypanites borings also occur in Furongian phosphatized siltstone pebbles in northern Estonia. The intensity of bioerosion on these Cambrian pebbles is low compared to analogue substrates from Ordovician deposits of Baltica. These bored phosphatized siltstone pebbles show that bioerosion of hard substrates occurred in relatively cold climate epicontinental seas during Cambrian time.
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Wanniarachchi, Ayal, Ranjith Pathegama Gamage, Qiao Lyu, Samintha Perera, Hiruni Wickramarathne, and Tharaka Rathnaweera. "Mechanical Characterization of Low Permeable Siltstone under Different Reservoir Saturation Conditions: An Experimental Study." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010014.

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Hydro-fracturing is a common production enhancement technique used in unconventional reservoirs. However, an effective fracturing process requires a precise understanding of a formation’s in-situ strength behavior, which is mainly dependent on the formation’s in-situ stresses and fluid saturation. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of brine saturation (concentration and degree of saturation (DOS)) on the mechanical properties of one of the common unconventional reservoir rock types, siltstone. Most common type of non-destructive test: acoustic emission (AE) was used in conjunction with the destructive tests to investigate the rock properties. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) experiments were carried out for 78 varyingly saturated specimens utilizing ARAMIS (non-contact and material independent measuring system) and acoustic emission systems to determine the fracture propagation. According to the experimental results, the increase in degree of pore fluid saturation (NaCl ionic solution) causes siltstone’s compressive and tensile strengths to be reduced through weakening and breakage of the existing bonding between clay minerals. However, increasing NaCl concentration in the pore fluid generally enhances the compressive strength of siltstone through associated NaCl crystallization effect and actually reduces the tensile strength of siltstone through the corrosive influence of the NaCl ions. Moreover, results show that AE capture and analysis is one of the most effective methods to understand crack propagation behavior in rocks including the crack initiation, crack propagation, and final failure. The findings of this study are important for the identification of fluid saturation dependent in-situ strength conditions for successful hydro-fracturing in low permeable reservoirs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Siltstone"

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Farris, Matthew A. "Sedimentological controls on palynomorph preservation, Triassic red-bed facies, UK Central North Sea and West Midlands." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301192.

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Development of Middle Triassic red-bed plays is commonly hampered by a lack of understanding of the stratigraphic relationships between reservoir sandstones. This inadequacy reflects poor palynological recoveries and a general deficiency in understanding the controls on palynological preservation. The sedimentology and palynology of Triassic red-bed facies, from the UK North Sea and onshore analogues, are studied to determine the sedimentary controls on palynological preservation and to investigate whether palynology is useful in these facies, where other stratigraphic techniques do not always provide unique solutions. The Skagerrak Formation (Quadrants 22, 29 and 30) typically comprises ephemeral channel and sheet-flood deposits in the north, but includes sediments deposited in perennially wet, alluvial plain and lacustrine settings in the south. Further north (Quadrant 210), the Cormorant Formation comprises dry alluvial deposits. Onshore, the Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation is characterised by ephemeral channel deposits that pass progressively upwards into tidally-influenced, fluvial and estuarine deposits; these are partly comparable with sediments in the Tarporley Siltstone Formation. Palynological analysis reveals that, in the absence of palynomorphs, palynodebris and absolute organic concentration can distinguish between preservational regimes, and thus environment. Palynological preservation demonstrates a correlation with facies deposited in perennially wet, alluvial plain, lacustrine and tidally influenced settings. Organic assemblages distinguish between members in the Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation, and can subdivide members on palaeoenvironmental criteria, which is of local value in correlation. Palynological assemblages are mostly lacking where ephemeral depositional processes were dominant. The assemblages demonstrate a close relationship with sedimentary facies, their associations, and sediment colour, but the oxidation potential of pore fluids, during and soon after deposition, is an overriding control on organic preservation. These relationships are all beneficial for targeting sediments for further palynological analysis.
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ADACHI, Mamoru, 守. 足立, Kenji YAIRI, 憲二 矢入, Yukiyasu SAKA, 幸恭 坂, Shinjiro MIZUTANI, and 伸治郎 水谷. "シルトとシルト岩." 名古屋大学博物館, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14685.

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Kidd, Carrie A. "SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION AND SEUQENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF LATE MISSISSIPPIAN STRATA IN THE BLACK WARRIOR BASIN, ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/561.

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A depositional framework for the Mississippian (Chesterian) Pride Mountain Formation/Hartselle Sandstone clastic tongue and the lower Bangor Limestone carbonate ramp in the Black Warrior basin, Mississippi and Alabama, is constructed from approximately 250 geophysical well logs, 15 well cuttings descriptions, and outcrop data. The framework is based upon cross sections, isopach maps, and transgressive-regressive sequence stratigraphy. The Lowndes-Pickens synsedimentary fault block controlled sediment dispersal in during Pride Mountain/Hartselle deposition. The basin filled from the southwest, which pushed the depocenter northeastward during Hartselle deposition. The Hartselle sub-basin is composed of the Hartselle barrier-island and back-barrier deposits to the southwest, including the Pearce siltstone. The Pearce siltstone, a previously unidentified subsurface unit, was deposited in a restricted environment controlled by the Lowndes-Pickens block. The Pride Mountain, Hartselle, and lower Bangor succession contains one complete and one partial transgressive-regressive stratigraphic sequence. An exposure surface at the top of the Hartselle Sandstone and Monteagle Limestone is a maximum regressive surface. The upper part of the Bangor ramp is highly cyclic and grades from oolitic shoal deposits southwestward into a condensed section, the Neal black shale, at the toe of the ramp. The entire thickness of the lower Bangor is equivalent to the Neal shale.
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Hajdarwish, Ala' M. "Geologic Controls of Shear Strength Behavior of Mudrocks." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1162259344.

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Williams, Carolyn Jane. "Integrated stratigraphic correlation of the Upper Jurassic : links to sea-level and climate change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249195.

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Al-Anboori, Saleh Ali. "Low net to gross fluvial reservoirs : sedimentary architecture and geochemical correlation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252063.

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Detailed understanding of sediment architecture is crucial for planning well placements and minimizing bypassed oil in low net-to-gross fluvial successions (those with a high proportion of mudstones and siltstones). Field development planning relies greatly on architectural models. These, in turn, are dependent on obtaining an adequate description of the subsurface and accurate interpretation of the fluvial style. But this is difficult due to the limited quantity of data available. Inevitably, therefore, the models are biased by preconceptions and assumptions. For low net-to-gross fluvial succession, the common presumption is that they are the products of high-sinuosity rivers, because of the high proportion of mudstone present. This choice drives the selection of parameters of reservoir modelling. Comprehensive architectural analysis of the well-exposed Wasatch Formation (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) in the SE part of the Piceance Basin, in western Colorado, USA, shows this presumption to be an unsafe choice. The upper part of this formation (the Shire Member) is almost entirely the product of straight rivers. Evidence of high-sinuosity rivers is distinctly lacking, with just a single example found of point-bar deposits, and even that is laterally restricted and weakly developed. The bulk of the member, which is over 200m in thickness, is composed of mudstones showing pedogenic alteration of a wide range of intensities, and with evidence of both poorly and well drained soils. Isolated within these mudstones are narrow ribbon sandstones, up to 30m wide and 3m thick, interpreted to be the product of low-sinuosity single-thread (anastsomosed) rivers. At intervals through the succession are a small number of sheet sandstones up to 1km wide and 12m thick. These sheets are an amalgamation of downstream-accreting bars, some of them gravely, and channel-fill deposits, and are interpreted to be the product of a low-sinuosity but multi-threaded (braided) river. The predominance in the succession of mudstone, of relatively high cohesive strength, suggests at first sight conditions favourable for the development of high-sinuosity rivers.
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Bésuelle, Pierre. "Deformation et rupture dans les roches tendres et les sols indures : comportement homogene et localisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10079.

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La localisation des deformations sous forme de bandes de cisaillement dans des roches tendres et des sols indures est etudiee par une approche experimentale et theorique : l'etude experimentale porte sur trois materiaux de caracteristiques differentes : un gres des vosges, une siltite du gard et une marne tendre de beaucaire. On decrit d'abord la mise en operation d'une cellule triaxiale a haute pression et le developpement d'une instrumentation de mesure des deformations. On presente ensuite une campagne d'essai sur un gres des vosges jusqu'a des confinements de 60 mpa. L'etude concerne le comportement homogene de la roche sur des chemins de compression, extension et isotropes, la detection de la localisation, la caracterisation des structures localisees par une observation macroscopique, des mesures tomodensitometriques et une analyse microstructurale quantitative. Sur une siltite du gard, plus raide que le gres, une etude de l'evolution de la fracturation de l'initiation jusqu'a la ruine de l'eprouvette est menee en utilisant la stereophotogrammetrie de faux relief. Pour la marne de beaucaire, le comportement normalement consolide est explore en realisant des mesures de permeabilite au cours de la deformation, en regime isotrope ou deviatoire. L'etude theorique presente la nouvelle loi cloe roche developpee specifiquement pour les roches tendres a partir du modele de lois incrementales non-lineaires hypoplastiques cloe. Elle prend en compte une dependance du comportement en volume vis-a-vis de la contrainte moyenne. L'identification de la loi est realisee sur le gres des vosges. Une analyse parametrique d'un critere explicite de bifurcation en mode localise prevoyant le moment d'apparition et l'inclinaison des bandes de cisaillement est realisee pour obtenir un calage des resultats theoriques de bifurcation sur les experiences. Cette demarche illustre l'esprit de la loi, qui considere les observations de localisation comme un element de calage de ses parametres.
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Holtman, Jade Aiden. "Geological modelling for carbon storage opportunities in the Orange Basin South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7019.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
This study investigates the viability of the sedimentary deposits in the Northern Orange basin for carbon storage and sequestration. A combination of geological modelling, petrographic and geochemical techniques are used to investigate this scenario after an initial seismic-well tie had been performed to match the formation tops in Well AF-1 with the 3D seismic volume acquired in this basin in 2009. Core description of well AF-1 assisted in identifying different facies and samples taken at specific depths for petrographic and geochemical analyses, while different geological formations were mapped from the calibrated positions of seismic-well tie throughout the seismic volume. The well data and geophysical logs were utilized to generate petrophysical properties and used to calibrate observations made from seismic interpretations. The facies log used in this study was generated using the Python’s script on Petrel 2014 Gamma Ray, while the density log was used to generate the porosity log. The generated facies and porosity logs were upscaled and used to populate a 3D grid using faults and surfaces identified in the seismic volume. The sedimentological properties of the subsurface were identified utilizing petrographic descriptions including measurements of sorting, colour and grain sizes. While the mineralogical properties of the record was verified through XRD analyses and thin section. The facies and porosity modelling revealed the dominance of siltstones and sandstones as the main sedimentary facies throughout the sequence. Sandstones are extensive and prominent within the Cenozoic and Mastrichtian, while the unit dated to the Barremian is identified as having the best potential for CO2 storage based on the overlaying capping unit. Quartz, Plagioclase feldspar (Albite), Biotite and Kaolinite are the major minerals identified in all four samples. Each of these minerals has an implication for which may influence the long term storage of CO2 with the potential to form as they may form part of the inra-porous post-depositional cementation and hence change the porosity and permeability properties. The presence of Albite as observed on the XRD may predict possible mineralisation of CO2 to form Dawsonite when reservoir is injected with CO2. The Barremian sandstone which straddles the Aptian shale at the top and the Hauterivian Shale and Siltsone deposit at the bottom holds a good promise for a potential CO2 storage. An estimated volume of CO2 that could be stored in the reservoir of the Barremian sandstone in zone 8 is limited to the lateral seal of shale above the reservoir in zone 7 of the Aptian age. The method used to determine the potential storage capacity of CO2 was performed by Alexandros Tasianas and Nikolaos Koukouzas (2016). The Equation used to determine CO2 storage capacity is: mCO2 = RV * Ø * Sg * δ(CO2) .
2021-09-01
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9

Nxokwana, Ngqondi Songezo. "Physico-chemical properties of South African shales and siltstones in the context of geological CO2 storage." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77872.

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Shale is normally impermeable and has a low porosity; it was therefore not considered by the project on geological storage of CO2 in South Africa (the “Atlas” project) as a potential storage reservoir. However, research in other parts of the world such as the United States of America (USA) on carbonaceous shales similar to those of the Central Karoo Basin of South Africa has proved that shales store significant amounts of CO2 in an adsorbed state within their organic matter, also known as kerogen. The paucity of conventional storage reservoirs for the geo-sequestration of CO2 in the interior of South Africa, where most sources of the anthropogenic CO2 are situated, has prompted this study, which focuses on the carbonaceous shales and siltstones of the Karoo Basin of South Africa and their potential for CO2 adsorption. Six samples from five old Soekor boreholes were selected for the study and their physico-chemical properties were studied through parameters such as petrography, mineralogy, elemental composition, bulk density, maturity (vitrinite reflectance), kerogen, total organic content (TOC), low pressure adsorption and high pressure adsorption. In terms of TOC, which is one of the important parameters for gas adsorption onto shales, the studied carbonaceous shale samples compare quite favourably to those from other parts of the world that have been found to successfully store significant amounts of CO2. These include the Barnett Shale of the USA which measures 4.00 wt.% of TOC and the famous Marcellus shale (USA) with 1–10 wt.%. The Irati and the Rio Bonito formations of Brazil have the highest TOC values found in the literature, measuring 2.3–26.30 wt.% and 1.7–43.90 wt.%, respectively. The Whitehill Formation of the Karoo Basin of South Africa has values of 0.5–14.70 wt.% TOC as described in the literature. In this study a sample from the Whitehill Formation from borehole G39974 gave a measured value of 4.52 wt.%, while a sample from the underlying Prince Albert Formation, from borehole KL 1-65, measured a value of 1.17 wt.% TOC. In the north-eastern part of the Karoo Basin, two samples from the Pietermaritzburg Formation, a north-eastern stratigraphic equivalent of the Whitehill Formation which pinches out in this part of the basin intersected by boreholes SW 1-67 and LA 1-68, measured 2.50 wt.% and 0.77 wt.% TOC, respectively. Sample 1124.5 from the Volksrust Formation intersected by borehole BE 1-67 measured 0.21 wt.% TOC. For maturity studies, all the six samples measured reflectance values above 1.4%Ro and are therefore classified as overmature. A plot on the HI vs Ol index plot revealed that these samples plot predominantly below the gas prone Type III kerogen curve. The samples exhibit a specific surface area of 17.40–21.88 m2/g, with an average of 19.66 m2/g. This compares quite favourably with the gas-bearing Silurian shales in the Sichuan Basin (China) which exhibit a specific surface area of 17.83–29.49 m2/g, with an average of 22.18 m2/g. There is also a trend of increasing surface area with TOC content, affirming the influence of organic matter on the surface area. The high pressure adsorption experiments on the samples exhibited anomalous behaviour which affected the credibility of the results. Most experiments showed an unprecedented increase in pressure instead of the expected decrease due to the CO2 being adsorbed onto the shale samples. The samples are from the old Soekor drill cores which have been exposed to the atmosphere for over 40 years and have undergone severe weathering during that period. The weathering and the degree of oxidation and break-down of pyrite are strongly suspected to be the cause of the anomalous behaviour. Based on the content of organic matter and kerogen, these samples have potential to store CO2. However, maturity studies have revealed that these shales and siltstones are in fact overmature and at this stage are likely to have less gas generating capacity and thus less affinity to adsorb CO2. This could be argued also in favour of storage capacity as the gas does not disturb contact of CO2 to rock, however, the high tightness as a consequence of over-maturity will have a higher negative effect on adsorption potential. Further studies on freshly drilled core samples are recommended to ascertain these findings given the limitations posed by the condition of the current samples, especially in studying the adsorption behaviour. Only then can we conclusively deduce whether or not the shales and siltstones of the Karoo Supergroup have a role to play in South Africa’s anthropogenic CO2 geo-sequestration endeavours.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Geology
MSc
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10

Tulsky, Emma Teresa Teeter. "The Effects of Contact Metamorphism by Diabase Intrusion on the Carbon and Sulfur Bearing Phases in the Siltstones of the Culpeper Basin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77926.

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Many of the large igneous provinces during the Phanerozoic have been temporally linked to mass extinction events. The intrusion of magma into country rock has been hypothesized to facilitate the release of carbon and sulfur bearing volatiles and has been proposed as one of mechanisms that drove these mass extinctions. In this study I examine a dike of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and its interaction with adjacent sedimentary rocks in the Culpeper Basin of Virginia. Sampling was done at the 0.5 m scale along transects of sedimentary lithologies perpendicular to the ~170 m wide diabase intrusion. The observed mineralogical and geochemical changes in sedimentary rocks occur in a much narrower zone from the intrusion than predicted by the applied thermal model. Carbon isotopes of organic matter within the sedimentary rocks are enriched in 13C toward the intrusion indicating the generation of thermogenic methane within the first meter from the intrusion. Additionally, geochemical and petrologic textures suggest both the addition of magmatic sulfur into the country rock, shown through the isotopic signatures of sulfide minerals with mantle compositions. The possible thermal break down of sedimentary pyrite is evidenced by highly negative isotopic composition of sulfide minerals and general lack of pyrite. I suggest that sedimentary pyrite initially reacted to pyrrhotite, which was then converted to chalcopyrite through reactions with copper in fluids derived from the magma. These reactions also allowed for the formation of magnetite, which is elevated near the dike-sedimentary contact and at the end of the transect. A simple illustrative model of a hypothesis of fluid flow along the bed is used to explain the observed isotopic signatures and mineralogical changes along the transect. This study highlights how models for volatile generation through magma-country rock interaction may have overestimated the volatile fluxes from these environments and the roles that heterogeneity of sedimentary rocks and kinetic factors may have in the variance in these fluxes.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Siltstone"

1

Nelson, Jon. A study of the Knife Lake siltstone quarries on Knife Lake (Mookomaan Zaaga'igan), Quetico Provincial Park, Ontario. [Peterborough, Ont.]: The author, 1992.

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Mallett, C. W. An illustrated field guide to the coal measure rocks of the Bowen Basin. Lucia, Qld: Division of Geomechanics, Institute of Minerals, Energy and Construction, 1989.

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Scott, Erik D., Arnold H. Bouma, and William R. Bryant, eds. Siltstones, Mudstones and Shales. Tulsa, Oklahoma: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/sepmmisc.01.

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Scott, Erik D., and Arnold H. Bouma. Depositional Processes and Reservoir Characteristics of Siltstones, Mudstones and Shales. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/sepmmisc.02.

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Properties, classification, and upland oak site quality for residual soils derived from shales, phyllites, siltstones, and sandstones in southwestern Virginia. Blacksburg, Va: Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Siltstone"

1

Zhong, Xiaoxing, Hongwei Ren, and Jie Zen. "Experimental Investigation on Instability Characteristics of Heated Siltstone in the Coal Fire Area." In Proceedings of the 11th International Mine Ventilation Congress, 667–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1420-9_56.

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Shi, Yu-Feng, Chao Yu, Xiang-Sheng Chen, Xiu-Shao Zhao, and Bi-Tang Zhu. "The Research of Dynamics Property and Long-Term Settlement About Weathered Argillaceous Siltstone Under Base of Subway Tunnel." In Advances in Innovative Geotechnical Engineering, 31–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80316-2_4.

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Zelt, F. B., and C. Rossen. "Geometry and continuity of deep-water sandstones and siltstones, Brushy Canyon Formation (Permian) Delaware Mountains, Texas." In Atlas of Deep Water Environments, 167–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1234-5_26.

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"Siltstone." In Dictionary of Geotourism, 567. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_2254.

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"siltstone." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1234. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_193676.

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"limestone-siltstone." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 801. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_121451.

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Tchepak, S., and M. C. Chin. "Statnamic testing of bored piles socketed into siltstone." In Deep Foundations on Bored and Auger Piles, 261–67. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078517-34.

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Youl in, Wang, and Jiang Shunqing. "A MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF SOFTENING CHARACTERISTIC OF CALC-ARGILLACEOUS SILTSTONE." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering in Complex Rock Formations, 239–46. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-035894-9.50035-4.

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"Weathering rates of chisel imprints on pelitic siltstone inside five Longyou caverns." In Ancient Underground Opening and Preservation, 133–40. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19169-20.

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Pineda, Jubert, Enrique Romero, Susana Gómez, and Eduardo Alonso. "Degradation effects at microstructural scale and their consequences on macroscopic behaviour of a slightly weathered siltstone." In Geomechanics and Geotechnics, 73–78. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10528-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Siltstone"

1

Yakovlev, Grigory, Anastasiya Gordina, Vladimir Khritankov, Vadim Khozin, Arina Shaybadullina, Damir Khazeev, Irina Bazhenova, Anna Ivakina, Zarina Saidova, and Alexander Repin. "Gypsum composition with siltstone-based mineral modifier." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.041.

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The paper presents the results of studies of the structure and properties of the gypsum composition comprising 3% of crushed siltstone, a metamorphic rock. The structure and physicochemical properties of siltstone were studied, which predetermine its usage as a structuring additive in gypsum compositions. Adding crushed siltstone to the composition of a gypsum binder is shown to cause the compaction of the structure of the gypsum matrix due to changes in the morphology of crystalline hydrates of calcium sulfate and monolithic structure in general, and, consequently, the enhanced mechanical characteristics of the gypsum composition. Using scanning electron microscopy, differential thermography, and IR spectral analysis explain the change in the physicomechanical properties of the gypsum binder.
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Okouma Mangha, Viannet, Narayan G. Nair, Mark Miller, and Sanjay Vitthal. "Playwide Well Performance Analysis in Montney Siltstone." In SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/162843-ms.

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T. Spikes, K. "Modeling Fracture Parameters in the Middle Bakken Siltstone." In 73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2011. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20149091.

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Spikes, Kyle. "Modeling pore‐stiffness effects in the Middle Bakken Siltstone." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3513341.

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Tan, W., J. Ba, T. Müller, G. Fang, and M. Pang. "Rock Physics Model of Tight Oil Siltstone for Brittleness Prediction." In 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201901027.

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Olennikova, Olesya, Arkadii Loginov, Alexey Yudin, Vladislav Vorobyev, and Yury Mazhirin. "Stimulation Fluid Advancements Improve Gas Production from Low Temperature Turonian Siltstone." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201437-ms.

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Wanniarachchi, W., P. Ranjith, M. Perera, J. Zhao, and M. Wickramarathne. "An experimental study on mechanical behaviour of siltstone under brine saturation." In The 2016 Isrm International Symposium, Eurock 2016. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315388502-44.

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Wang Xiaomei and Chen Jianping. "Analysis of mechanism and effect of plant protection to red siltstone slope." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776261.

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Wu, C. J., Z. X. Zhang, and Y. J. Lai. "Shear Deformation Behavior of the Cemented Interface between Concrete and Argillaceous Siltstone." In GeoFlorida 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)126.

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Tsoi, Pavel. "ABOUT THE VARIATION OF META-SILTSTONE DEFORMATION-STRENGTH PROPERTIES UNDER THE DIFFERENT SCALES." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/13/s03.003.

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Reports on the topic "Siltstone"

1

Dixon, J. Figure 12a. Isopach map of the Siltstone-sandstone member, Montney Formation in map area 94A (Charlie Lake). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226384.

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Dixon, J. Figure 12b. Isopach map of the Siltstone-sandstone member, Montney Formation in map area 93P (Dawson Creek). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226385.

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Herriott, T. M., and M. A. Wartes. Discovery of a 35-meter-thick, oil-stained sandstone interval in outcrop of the Tonnie Siltstone Member, Chinitna Formation, lower Cook Inlet, south-central Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29837.

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Herriott, T. M., P. L. Decker, and M. A. Wartes. Evidence of a submarine canyon in the Snug Harbor Siltstone and Pomeroy Arkose Members, Naknek Formation, south-central Alaska: Implications for the distribution of course-grained sediment in Upper Jurassic strata of Cook Inlet. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29464.

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Herriott, T. M., M. A. Wartes, and P. L. Decker. Deep-water canyons in the Snug Harbor Siltstone and Pomeroy Arkose Members, Naknek Formation, Alaska - New insights into the sequence stratigraphy of the Late Jurassic Cook Inlet forearc basin (presentation): Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section Annual Meeting, May 11–13, 2015, Anchorage, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29443.

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