Relevant bibliographies by topics / Silver fir

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Silver fir'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Silver fir"

1

Kupka, I. "Reaction of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) plantation to fertilization." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 3 (January 10, 2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4547-jfs.

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Silver fir as a domestic species is an important tree in our forests. Unfortunately it has suffered from serious dieback in Central Europe in the last decades. Reintroduction of Silver fir is not an easy task as seedlings and saplings are sensitive to many environmental harmful factors and to game browsing damage especially in early stages after germination. The fertilization of Silver fir saplings could help shorten the sensitive period of the tree species. Silver fir research plots were founded in 1999 to observe an impact of different fertilizers on its height growth. Applications of conventional as well as modern fertilizers confirmed the positive influence on the height growth of the species. Apical dominance ratio was used to evaluate the growth status of saplings. 
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Świerkosz, Krzysztof, Kamila Reczyńska, and Karel Boublík. "Variability of Abies alba-dominated forests in Central Europe." Open Life Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0281-y.

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AbstractUsing vegetation databases from Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia and our own material collected during a field work, we have analysed the variability of species composition of Abies alba-dominated communities in Central Europe. Analysis was performed using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm in the JUICE software. Ecological analysis was performed on the basis of mean Ellenberg indicator values with a MoPeT_v1.0.r script prepared in R software. In general, the findings indicated that there are at least 8 types of Central European silver fir-dominated forests with different patterns in species composition and habitat conditions. These are the oligotrophic subcontinental silver fir forests of the Polish highlands, oligotrophic (sub)montane silver fir forest, hygrophilous silver fir forests, oligo-mesotrophic (sub)montane silver fir forests, mesotrophic (sub)montane silver fir forests, submontane and montane calcicolous silver fir forests of the Alps and the Carpathians, eutrophic silver fir-beech forests and silver fir ravine forests. The main conclusion is that the diversity of species composition of Abies alba-dominated forests in Central Europe is lower than described in current regional synthesis, which was confirmed by ecological analyses.
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Frey, Hans-Ulrich. "Die Verbreitung und die waldbauliche Bedeutung der Weisstanne in den Zwischenalpen. Ein Beitrag für die waldbauliche Praxis | The distribution and silvicultural consequences of silver fir in alpine regions. A contribution to silvicultural practices." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2003): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0090.

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The areas where silver fir occurs in Switzerland are divided into main, minor or relict areas. In the main areas a wide distribution of silver fir is to be reckoned with. In contrast to traditional systems the emphasis of silver fir distribution lies somewhat lower and more clearly in pre-alpine regions. In the minor areas silver fir has withdrawn to shadowy slopes and is limited to low-lying valleys between the alps. In main valleys where the altitude of the valley bottom is higher than 1000 m.a.s.l. the current presence of silver fir is considered to be a relict of a postglacial warm period, favourable to silver fir, and not the result of human destruction.
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Sopushynskyy, Ivan, Ruslan Maksymchuk, Yaroslav Kopolovets, and Sezgin Ayan. "Intraspecific structural signs of curly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) growing in the Ukrainian Carpathians." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 7 (July 28, 2020): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2020-jfs.

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The aim of this paper is to present the intraspecific differentiation of the curly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) by the wood structure growing in the Ukrainian Carpathians. To find the morphological distinctions by using the silvicultural and biometric methods, 50 silver fir trees with anomalous wavy-relief stemwood formations were investigated. The trees aged from 94 to 132 years were characterised by the diameter at breast height of 32–59 cm. The length of the wave-grained stemwood varied from 6 to 11.5 m. The amplitude of the wood fibre waves varied from 4.4 to 24.1 mm. The smallest values of the amplitude of the wave-grained wood corresponded to the smaller wavelengths. The significant differences in the wood density and annual growth between the silver fir trees with the straight-grained and wave-grained stem wood were determined. The number of annual rings in 1 cm of the curly silver fir was 27.1% lower and 22.7% higher than the same characteristics for the straight-grained stem wood. The obtained linear equation described the relationship between the number of annual rings in 1 cm and the basic wood density of the silver fir with the straight-grained wood. The aesthetic features of the curly silver fir stem wood were discussed in the subject area of a new niche of exclusive wood products.
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Konôpka, Bohdan, Vladimír Šebeň, and Jozef Pajtík. "Bark Browsing and Recovery: A Comparative Study between Douglas Fir and Silver Fir Species in the Western Carpathians." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 10, 2024): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062293.

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The foraging behavior of ruminating ungulates significantly impacts forest ecosystems due to their nutritional requirements. This study focuses on inter-specific comparisons of bark browsing (stripping) between Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Field measurements were conducted at the previously established research demonstration site “Husárik” in the Javorníky Mountains, north-western Slovakia. We measured the sizes of wounds on stems and assessed the dimensions of unrecovered parts of wounds, subsequently calculating areas of recovered bark patches. Then, the total areas of wounds recovered patches, and unrecovered parts were measured. Additionally, the percentages of wound areas, recovered areas, and unrecovered areas were expressed as proportions relative to the total bark surface. Influencing factors such as the position of wounds along the vertical stem profile and stem diameter class were analyzed using two- and three-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test. The results demonstrate the susceptibility of both tree species to bark browsing by ruminating ungulates, primarily red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in our study site. Douglas fir exhibited slightly less intense browsing compared to silver fir, while silver fir had a slightly higher recovery rate. Specifically, 17.0% of the bark surface in Douglas fir and 21.5% in silver fir were browsed. The proportions of recovered areas on wounds were 62.5% and 69.6% in Douglas fir and silver fir, respectively. Regarding the vertical stem profile, the most intense browsing occurred at a height of 101–125 cm from the ground level, with rates of 40.7% in Douglas fir and 47.0% in silver fir. Browsing intensity showed negligible variation among diameter classes, which were classified as up to 35 mm, 35–50 mm, and over 50 mm. Our findings suggest that, as an introduced species, Douglas fir is not a suitable substitute for other commercially significant tree species in supporting sustainable forestry in European countries where ruminating ungulates are overabundant.
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Murray, Marshall D., Dean Coble, and Robert O. Curtis. "Height growth of young Pacific silver fir and noble fir established on clearcuts in the Pacific silver fir zone of western Washington." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-170.

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Stem analyses were done on young (20–30 years at breast height) Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) trees established after clear-cut harvesting of old stands in the Pacific silver fir zone of western Washington. Early height-growth patterns and heights attained at 20 years breast-height age were compared with existing data and curves derived from old stands, and among plant associations and elevations. Early growth of Pacific silver fir and noble fir on recent clearcuts was more rapid than would be expected on the basis of existing data derived from old trees. We hypothesize that the more rapid growth of recently established stands represents the combined result of several factors, including less competition, possible climatic change, exclusion of poorer sites from the new sample, and bias associated with past shifts in competitive status of the old trees used to construct height-growth curves from stem analyses. Early height growth (to a breast-height age of 20) is strongly associated with elevation and with plant association groupings.
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Pantic, Damjan, Milan Medarevic, Matthias Dees, Dragan Borota, Bojan Tubic, Snezana Obradovic, Biljana Sljukic, Dusko Cukovic, and Marko Marinkovic. "Analysis of the growth characteristics of a 450-year-old silver fir tree." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 1 (2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs140919018p.

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The growth characteristics of silver fir are of high importance for selection forest management, and for the current aims laid out in Serbia?s forest management focused on increasing the share of silver firs in Serbia?s growing stock. With the objective of increasing the understanding of the growth characteristics of silver fir, the growth of two silver fir trees felled during forest site production research on Mt. Goc, located in Central Serbia, have been analyzed. Both trees showed significant differences in their growth dynamics over long periods as results of micro-site and micro-stand effects (primarily ambient light regime). The common growth characteristic of the two trees, a 450-year-old tree as the main study object (labeled Tree A) and a 270-year-old Tree B is a long stagnation stage. For Tree A the latent phase, with small interruptions, lasted 410 years; one phase lasted 330 years in continuity, which is the longest period of silver fir stagnation recorded in Europe. Tree B showed a long-lasting stagnation stage that lasted 170 years. The long stagnation stage of Tree A, characterized by an average diameter increment of 1.4 mm/year (average growth ring width of 0.7 mm) and an average height increment of 0.08 m/year, shows the extraordinary silver fir capacity for physiological survival in complete shade. This study adds to the existing knowledge of the shade tolerance of the silver fir. Therefore, the silver fir belongs to the group of extremely shade-tolerant tree species. This characteristic makes silver fir an irreplaceable tree species in the selection forest structure. It offers a wide range of silvicultural flexibility in the management of these forests, and is applicable to silver fir selection Serbia?s forests.
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Radwan, M. A., M. D. Murray, and J. M. Kraft. "Growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of Pacific silver fir." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-218.

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Nineteen natural stands of Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) were assessed for selected site and tree characteristics. The stands, located throughout western Washington, were 26 to 37 years old; they occurred at various elevations (110–1300 m) and on different soil types, and varied greatly in associated plant species. Site index at 50 years breast-high age ranged from 12 to 24 m. Terminal growth per year during the previous 3 years, needle number per centimetre of twig tissue, needle weight and area, and foliar concentrations of 13 elements varied among the 19 stands. Compared with associated western conifers, silver fir had moderate terminal growth, larger and heavier needles, more needles per centimetre of twig tissue, and lower foliar concentrations of N, S, and Mg. There were many significant correlations among the different variables. The foliar nutrient data obtained provide base-line information for future research in nutrition and fertilization of silver fir. These data and the significant correlations between nutrients and site-stand characteristics suggest that (i) silver fir may be more efficient than some western conifers in use of some nutrients, (ii) productivity of silver fir may be improved by application of certain fertilizers; fertilization may be particularly effective during the seedling stage when growth is typically slow, and (iii) levels of some foliar nutrients may be useful as indicators of site quality for silver fir production.
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Vaněk, Petr, and Oldřich Mauer. "Regeneration of Silver fir (Abies Alba Mill.) on Clear-cut Areas." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 1 (2014): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462010267.

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The paper evaluates the growth of Silver fir plantations on clear-cut areas in the regime of different sheltering and mixing with the European larch. The experiment was carried out on a permanent research plot where Silver fir was planted on an unsheltered open space, on an open space sheltered by the gradually overgrowing European larch, alternating in rows and mixed within the row with the gradually overgrowing European larch. It was also planted in a SW corner of the clear-cut area sheltered on two sides by a mature spruce stand. Results of measurements demonstrated that the conditions of the unsheltered clear-cut area or only partly sheltered clear-cut area have no principal adverse influence on the growth of Silver fir. However, a considerably higher mortality, more severe frost injury and impaired vitality of plants were observed. The most suitable option for the regeneration of Silver fir on a clear-cut area, i.e. the option in which Silver fir individuals would exhibit good growth, low mortality, low frost injury and high vitality (needle length and colour) appeared to be the plantation of Silver fir in mixed rows with the European larch (N-S direction of rows), where the larch starts to overgrow the fir very rapidly, thus providing the necessary shelter. Pure fir groups are then recommended to be planted in marginal stand parts that are sheltered for a greater part of the day by the surrounding stand.
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Ugarković, Damir, Anamarija Jazbec, Ivan Seletković, Ivica Tikvić, Vinko Paulić, Mladen Ognjenović, Mia Marušić, and Nenad Potočić. "Silver Fir Decline in Pure and Mixed Stands at Western Edge of Spread in Croatian Dinarides Depends on Some Stand Structure and Climate Factors." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116060.

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Silver fir is one of the most threatened conifer species in Croatia, especially at the western edge of its spread in Croatian Dinarides, where the decline in fir trees has resulted in significant ecological and economic issues. The aim of this study was to determine, over an 18-year monitoring period, the relationships of silver fir crown defoliation with climatic factors and structural attributes. We further analyzed the tree retention time in a given defoliation class and transition dynamics between defoliation classes, as well as the survival/mortality of trees. Data on silver fir defoliation were analyzed in two different forest types: in pure silver fir and in mixed silver fir and common beech stands. The climatic factors, primarily vegetation period air temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and dry season water deficit, were correlated with crown defoliation. Regarding the structural attributes, in the mixed stand with predominantly smaller trees, crown defoliation increased with reduced diameter at breast height, crown diameter, social class, and crown illumination. In the pure fir stand, crown defoliation increased with reduced crown diameter, greater crown asymmetry, greater crown illumination, and on trees with a stork’s nest crown. The retention time in defoliation classes differed for research sites. Transition dynamics were different only for trees in the highest defoliation class (dead trees). At the end of the study period, silver fir mortality was higher in the pure fir stand. Increased silver fir defoliation and mortality can be expected in the future, particularly in overmature stands under prolonged drought stress. Permanent forest monitoring could ensure the high-quality data needed for adaptive management of fir stands that could positively influence the structure of these stands and, thus, improve their health status.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silver fir"

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Klinka, Karel. "Estimated decrease in productivity for pacific silver fir as elevation increases." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/667.

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When making decisions on which areas to harvest in a sustained yield, even-flow manner in mountainous areas such those in coastal British Columbia, it is important to know how timber productivity changes with elevation. This information allows foresters to decide at what elevation to start increasing the rotation age and to decide at what elevation sustainable harvesting becomes infeasible due to low productivity. Since Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Forbes) has an elevation range that extends from sea level nearly to the tree line (0 m to approximately 1,650 m; from the Coastal Western Hemlock zone, through the Mountain Hemlock zone; to the lower limits of the Alpine Tundra zone), productivity-elevation relationships are especially important. To acquire quantitative measures of productivity decrease with increasing elevation a regression equation relating site index (the height of the dominant trees at a base age of breast height age of 50 years) to elevation in southern coastal BC was developed. In turn, we used this regression as an input into the height driven yield model named the Variable Density Yield Prediction model (VDYP). The use of the VDYP model allows the site index values to be translated into actual productivity measures (e.g., volume per hectare, mean annual increment at culmination age).
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Vitali, Valentina [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauhus, and Ulf [Akademischer Betreuer] Büntgen. ""Drought tolerance of Douglas-fir, Norway spruce and Silver fir in the Black Forest region – a dendrochronological analysis"." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1154385736/34.

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Klinka, Karel. "Pacific silver fir site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/662.

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Ecosystem-specific forest management requires comprehension of tree species productivity in managed settings, and how this productivity varies with the ecological determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that directly affect the growth of plants: light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making species- and site-specific silvicultural decisions to maximize productivity. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantitative relationships between site index and these measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index. Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) is an important timber crop species in the coastal forests of British Columbia. In relation to climate, its range in southwestern British Columbia extends from sea level to almost timberline, and from the hypermaritime region on western Vancouver Island to the subcontinental region on the leeward side of the Coast Mountains. In relation to soils, its range extends from slightly dry to wet sites and from very poor to very rich sites. In view of this relatively wide climatic amplitude, a large variability in productivity can be expected. It is particularly important to consider the growth performance of Pacific silver fir when decisions are made regarding whether or not to cut stands on high-elevation sites. In the study summarized here, relationships between Pacific silver fir site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and site index models using these measures as predictors were developed.
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Davidson, Roberta H. "Patterns of variation in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis [Dougl.] Forbes) on Vancouver Island." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30689.

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This thesis describes patterns of variation in several cone, seed and seedling characteristics of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis [Doug.] Forbes) sampled from Vancouver Island, B.C. Cone collections kept separate by tree were made at eight locations during the fall of 1983 to provide material for the study. The inheritance patterns of 13 enzyme loci were determined from seed tissues of 87 trees, and seven loci were found to possess at least two allozyme variants. These loci conformed to the assumptions of Mendelian-type inheritance, although AAT-2 displayed marked segregation distortion. No linkage groups could be established at the sampling intensity available (20 seeds per tree). Significant levels of inbreeding, based on a multilocus estimate of outcrossing, were detected in five of seven populations and indirect evidence suggests related matings other than selfing may be occurring. Variation among populations in outcrossing rate was evident (0.725 < tm ≤ 1.0) and appears positively correlated with seed size (measured by 1000-seed weight). High levels of allozyme variation were found to exist within populations (95-98%) and estimates of the extent of population differentiation were shown to differ depending upon the particular analytic method employed. Maternal (extant) trees appeared more heterozygous than did viable embryos and populations sampled on southern Vancouver Island appeared more genetically diverse than did populations sampled on northern Vancouver Island. A sub-sample consisting of two populations, each with seven trees, from northern, mid and southern Vancouver Island provided material for a germination test and open-pollinated progeny study. Seed dormancy was not pronounced among populations. Large family differences in germination responses were detected, irrespective of pregermination treatment, suggesting a high degree of genetic control of germination in Pacific silver fir. Anomalous germination behavior in one population was attributed to sub-optimal stratification conditions and proliferation of mold. Improvement in production of seedlings of Pacific silver fir may be achieved by collecting and germinating seeds on a family-by-family basis. Germinants from the first count of the germination test provided open-pollinated progeny for measurement of growth variables. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse alongside production Abies stock for 29 weeks. Population differences accounted for a considerable part of variance in cone and seed size. The effect of population on height of seedlings at eight weeks was significant but declined to virtually zero by the end of the test. Populations had negligible influence on growth rate of seedlings as well. Variation in growth rate among open-pollinated families was statistically significant but accounted for only 20% of the total variation. Significant population differences were detected in root weight of harvested seedlings. Family differences in this and other biomass variables were at most 20%, with the majority of variation in seedling growth traits residing within families.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Klinka, Karel, Bernhard E. Splechtna, Christine Chourmouzis, and Pal Varga. "New height growth and site index models for Pacific silver fir in southwestern British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/686.

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Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) is an important timber crop species in coastal forests of B.C. Its range extends from sea-level to almost timberline, and from the hypermaritime region on the west coast of Vancouver Island to the subcontinental region on the leeward side of the Coast Mountains. With this relatively wide climatic amplitude, a large variability in the height growth pattern of Pacific silver fir can be expected, since climate is considered to be the most influential determinant of the trajectory of height over age of forest trees. This variability, however, is not reflected in the height growth curves and site index tables used to estimate Pacific silver fir site index, since the curves and tables were developed from low-elevation stands on Vancouver Island. Consequently, when these curves and tables are applied to high-elevation or submaritime stands, we get biased estimates of site index. Accurate estimates of site index are necessary for accurate yield predictions. Furthermore, they are essential for making rational decisions about whether to cut the forest in situations where potential tree growth is marginal, such as in high-elevation forests.
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Behringer, David [Verfasser], and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Ziegenhagen. "Candidate genes for stress response in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) / David Behringer ; Betreuer: Birgit Ziegenhagen." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135385556/34.

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Klinka, Karel, Bernhard E. Splechtna, Jaroslav Dobry, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Climate - radial growth relationships in some major tree species of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/671.

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This study examines the influence of climate on tree-ring properties of several major tree species: Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl. ex Loud.). Our three objectives were to determine how (1) tree-ring properties change along an elevation gradient, (2) short-term climatic influences are correlated with tree-ring properties, and (3) long-term climatic influence on tree-ring properties.
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Henriksson, Larsson Henny. "Kartläggning över spridning av silvergran, Abies alba." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451267.

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Silvergran, Abies alba, är en ursprungligen odlad art som har fått snabb spridning i södra och mellersta Sverige de senaste 100 åren. Risk finns att denna art är invasiv och kan påverka vår inhemska flora och fauna negativt. I ett lövskogsområde norr om Uppsala finns en ungefär 70 år gammal plantering av silvergran som är nära 1200 kvadratmeter stor. I området kring planteringen har ett stort antal plantor av silvergran etablerat sig och syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga spridningen av arten i området. Studien kan bidra till att skapa ett generellt spridningsmönster för silvergran i liknande miljöer i Sverige. Att kartlägga spridningsmönstret kan vara fördelaktigt både för att kunna avgöra om arten måste klassas som invasiv, och om åtgärder behöver vidtas mot den möjligt invasiva ädelgranen. Skogsområdet är omgivet av åkermark och har inventerats genom transekter indelade i rutor. Från inventeringen är en generell spridning av silvergran kartlagd för skogsområdet. Granarna uppmättes i olika storlekskategorier, vilket är representerat i de framställda kartorna. På så sätt får man direkt en visuell överblick över spridningen av silvergran i skogsområdet från ursprungskällan. Tydligt är att silvergranen har stor möjlighet att på egen hand sprida sig i den sydliga, svenska lövskogen och hur spridningen av silvergran i framtiden kommer se ut är ett ämne för diskussion och studier.
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Klinka, Karel. "Survival and growth of planted seedlings on woody and non-woody forest floor substrates in high and low light environments of coastal British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/647.

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In the wetter climates associated with the coastal forests of northwestern North America, coarse woody debris (CWD) accumulations in the form of snags, downed boles, and large branches can be large in natural forest ecosystems. Seedlings often regenerate on stumps and downed logs in the understory of old-growth coastal forests. The question remains though, whether CWD is a necessary component for seedling survival and growth in forests managed for commodity production. This study addresses one concern of forest managers: is there an immediate nutritional or moisture supply advantage conferred by CWD for the survival and growth of seedlings in the coastal climate of British Columbia? We compared survival and growth of seedlings planted in decaying wood compared to non-woody humus forms and mineral soil under heavy shade and full light conditions. Low light environments are of particular interest since reports of the strong association between CWD and regeneration has primarily referred to understory seedlings and saplings in old-growth forests.
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ANTONUCCI, Serena. "Phenological responses to climate in meristems of conifers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/75080.

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La fenologia studia le fasi biologiche ricorrenti nel ciclo vitale di piante ed animali e le loro relazioni con i fattori ambientali. Le fasi fenologiche, quali fioritura e riattivazione dei processi di crescita che avvengono nei meristemi primari e secondari, determinano l’accrescimento annuale delle piante. Il cambiamento climatico è un fattore che condiziona la vulnerabilità delle piante in vari aspetti, compresa la fenologia. É indispensabile, quindi, migliorare ed integrare le attuali conoscenze degli eventi fenologici nei due meristemi, le relazioni tra essi ed con i fattori ambientali. Comprendere gli effetti dei fattori climatici, quali temperatura e precipitazioni, sulla fenologia delle piante è uno step essenziale per stabilire un link tra il cambiamento climatico in atto e le risposte fenologiche. Questi approcci possono produrre previsioni affidabili inerenti gli adattamenti fisiologici delle piante in una prospettiva di lungo termine. In questa tesi si è proposto di analizzare la fenologia dei meristemi in conifere lungo gradienti latitudinali ed altitudinali, per comprendere più a fondo le loro risposte ed adattamenti ai cambiamenti climatici. Diverse metodologie sono state utilizzate per indagare la fenologia: dalle analisi anatomiche ed osservazione diretta in campo all'osservazione satellitare. Inoltre, è stata indagata la tempistica delle fasi fenologiche considerando futuri scenari climatici, attraverso un approccio modellistico. É stato ipotizzato che la variazione nelle fasi fenologiche dell’accrescimento meristematico verificatasi a diverse latitudini e altitudini, può essere spiegata dalle condizioni climatiche specifiche del sito e loro rispettive variazioni. In questo lavoro sono stati selezionati 10 siti di studio lungo gradienti latitudinali ed altitudinali. Sette di questi sono situati in foresta boreale (Quebec, Canada), mentre gli altri tre siti si trovano nel bacino del Mediterraneo, lungo la penisola italiana. Tutti i siti sono caratterizzati da boschi di conifere, dominati da abete balsamico [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] pino nero del Canada [Picea mariana (Mill.) BPS] in foresta boreale, e dall’abete bianco (Abies alba Mill.) per le foreste montane mediterranee. In tutti i siti è stata effettuata la raccolta di microcarote al fine di analizzare la fenologia dello xilema, mentre in foresta boreale è stata studiata la fenologia dei getti attraverso sia osservazioni dirette in campo che da immagini telerilevate. Lo studio ha correlato le fasi fenologiche di sviluppo dei germogli e la differenziazione dello xilema. Questo rapporto è stato, inoltre, analizzato tra cronologie a lungo termine della crescita dello xilema e la fenologia vegetale rilevata dal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Infine, si è verificato quanto la fenologia dello xilema possa essere influenzata dalla temperatura e dalle precipitazioni. I risultati ottenuti hanno fornito nuove conoscenze sulla dinamica della fenologia primaverile e preziose informazioni sui sincronismi tra i due meristemi per le specie boreali. Inoltre, lo studio ha dimostrato l'importanza di definire con precisione le fasi di sviluppo del germoglio per analizzare correttamente i rapporti con la fenologia dello xilema. Le analisi delle cronologie di lungo termine hanno dimostrato che la formazione dello xilema potrebbe essere opportunamente stimata su larga scala geografica utilizzando i dati telerilevati. Inoltre, la temperatura risulta essere il principale driver delle fasi fenologiche dei due meristemi nella foresta boreale. Diversamente, lungo la penisola italiana, le precipitazioni durante la stagione di crescita, insieme con la temperatura minima, sono le variabili più importanti nell’influenzare la durata delle fasi fenologiche. La risposta delle piante alle future condizioni ambientali dovrebbe essere attentamente studiata localmente, perché questa interazione può essere utilizzata nella pianificazione delle strategie di gestione forestale adattiva.
Phenology is the study of recurring biological events that involve plants and animals and their relationships with the environmental factors. The phenological phases, such as flowering and growth reactivation, occurring in primary and secondary meristems, determine the annual plant development. Climate change is one of the factors that may alter the vulnerability of trees in several aspects, including the phenology. A better understanding of the phenological events occurring in the two meristems, the relations between them and the environmental factors is necessary. Understanding the effect of the climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation, on plant phenology is an essential step to establish a link between recent climate change and phenological responses. These approaches can produce reliable predictions about future plant responses in a long-term perspective. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the phenology of meristems in conifers along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, to deeper understand their responses to climatic drivers. Different methodological approaches were used to investigate the plant phenology: from anatomical analyses and direct observation in field to satellite observation. Moreover, the timing of phenological phases under future climatic scenarios were explored. A general hypothesis of this study was that a time variation in the phenological phases of growth meristems could be observed among different latitudes and altitudes; it was then verified if the variation hypothesized can be explained by site-specific climatic conditions and their changes in time. In this thesis, 10 study sites located along a latitudinal and altitudinal gradients were selected. Seven of these are located in the boreal forest of Quebec (Canada), while other three sites are located in the Mediterranean area, along the Italian Peninsula. All the sites are characterized by forest stands dominated by coniferous: balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] and black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BPS] in the boreal forest, and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Mediterranean mountain forest. Micro-cores were collected in all the sites with the aim to analyse the xylem phenology, while the bud phenology was studied in the boreal forest, through direct and satellite observation. The study correlated the phenological phases of bud development with the xylem differentiation. This relationship was also analysed between long-term chronologies of xylem growth and the timing of plant phenology detected by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Furthermore, the relationships between xylem phenology with temperature and precipitation were explored. The results obtained provided new knowledge on the dynamics of spring phenology and novel information on the synchronisms between the two meristems for boreal tree species. Moreover, the realized study demonstrated the importance of precisely define the phases of bud development in order to correctly analyse the relationships with xylem phenology. The analyses of long-term chronology demonstrated that the timing of xylem formation could be suitably estimated at wide geographical scale using remote sensing data. Furthermore, temperature resulted the main driver on phenological phases of the two meristems in the boreal forest. Differently, the precipitation during the growing season together with minimum temperature were the most important variables that affected the duration of phenological phases in the Italian study sites. Response of trees to future environmental conditions should be carefully studied locally, because this interaction can be used for planning adaptive forest management strategies.
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Books on the topic "Silver fir"

1

Vyskot, Miroslav. Adult silver fir in biomass. Praha: Academia, 1991.

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Šomšák, Ladislav. Fir forests of Northeastern Slovakia. Bratislava: Veda, 1986.

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Tannen-Symposium, (4th 1984 Syke Germany). Ergebnisse des 4. Tannen-Symposiums. Frankfurt am Main: Sauerländer, 1985.

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Lingg, Walter Anton. Ökologie der inneralpinen Weisstannenvorkommen (Abies alba Mill.) im Wallis (CH). Birmensdorf [Switzerland]: Eidg. Anstalt für das Forstliche Versuchswesen, 1986.

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Cochran, P. H. Effect of operational fertilization on foliar nutrient content and growth of young douglas-fir and Pacific silver fir. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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Cochran, P. H. Effect of operational fertilization on foliar nutrient content and growth of young douglas-fir and Pacific silver fir. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986.

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International European Silver Fir Symposium (9th 2000 Skopje, Macedonia). Proceedings of the 9th International European Silver Fir Symposium: May 21-26, 2000 in Skopje, Republic of Macdeconia. [S.l.]: IUFRO WP:1.05-16 Ecology and Silviculture of European Silver Fir, 2000.

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IUFRO-Tannensymposium. Ergebnisse des 7. IUFRO-Tannensymposiums der WP S. 1.01-08 "Ökologie und Waldbau der WeiÝtanne". [Altensteig, Germany]: IUFRO, 1994.

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IUFRO-Tannensymposium. Ergebnisse des 7. IUFRO-Tannensymposiums der WP S. 1.01-08 "Ökologie und Waldbau der WeiÝtanne". [Altensteig, Germany]: IUFRO, 1994.

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Hussendörfer, Erwin. Untersuchungen über die genetische Variation der Weisstanne (Abies alba Mill.) unter dem Aspekt der in situ Erhaltung genetischer Ressourcen in der Schweiz. Zürich: Schweizerischer Forstverein, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Silver fir"

1

Bontemps, A., G. Godi, E. Fournely, J. Gril, and R. Moutou Pitti. "Creep tests on notched beams of silver fir wood (Abies alba)." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 1720–25. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-282.

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Bontemps, A., G. Godi, E. Fournely, J. Gril, and R. Moutou Pitti. "Creep tests on notched beams of silver fir wood (Abies alba)." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 599–600. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-282.

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Brunetti, Michele, Daniele Gambetti, Guido Lo Vecchio, and Teresa Nanni. "Dendroclimatic Information on Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) in the Northern Apennines." In Advances in Global Change Research, 19–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48051-4_3.

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Tita, M., and A. Buffoni. "Chemistry of Rain and Throughfall in a Damaged Silver Fir Forest in the Maritime Alps." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 606–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_79.

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Raddi, P., and C. Rinallo. "Variation in needle wax degradation in two silver fir provenances differentiated by tolerance to air pollution." In Genetic Effects of Air Pollutants in Forest Tree Populations, 67–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74548-5_6.

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Ziegenhagen, B., B. Degen, R. J. Petit, M. Anzidei, A. Madaghiele, F. Scholz, and G. G. Vendramin. "Highly polymorphic uniparentally inherited DNA markers for spatial genetic analysis of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations." In Genetic Response of Forest Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions, 139–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9839-2_12.

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Delatour, C., and J. J. Guillaumin. "Role of Armillaria in the Decline of Silver Fir in the Vosges and the Massif Central (Short Report)." In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, 353–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_16.

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Landmann, G., G. D. Bert, J. C. Pierrat, M. Becker, M. Bonneau, and B. Souchier. "Crown Damage in Norway Spruce and Silver Fir: Relation to Site and Stand Factors in the French Mountains." In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, 82–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_3.

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Konnert, M., and E. Hussendörfer. "Genetic variation of silver fir (Abies alba) in unevenaged forests (“Plenter” forest) in comparison with evenaged forests (Altersklassenwald)." In Genetic Response of Forest Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions, 307–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9839-2_25.

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Becker, M., G. D. Bert, G. Landmann, G. Lévy, J. C. Rameau, and E. Ulrich. "Growth and Decline Symptoms of Silver Fir and Norway Spruce in Northeastern France: Relation to Climate, Nutrition and Silviculture." In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, 120–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Silver fir"

1

Bontemps, Arthur, Gaël Godi, Rostand Moutou Pitti, Eric Fournely, and Joseph Gril. "CREEP TESTS ON NOTCHED BEAMS OF SILVER FIR WOOD (ABIES ALBA)." In World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023 (WCTE2023). As, Norway: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/069179-0074.

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D'Aprile, Fabrizio, Nigel Tapper, and Marco Marchetti. "Crown transparency and “butt rot” in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Middle Italy." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-fd-cro.

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Bottalico, Francesca, Alessandro Bottacci, Giovanni Galipò, Susanna Nocentini, Luca Torrini, Davide Travaglini, and Orazio Ciancio. "Naturally-induced gap formation in even-aged silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands. A case study in the Apennine mountains (central Italy)." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-fb-for.

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Dalmaris, Eleftheria, Nikolaos Tourvas, and Filippos A. Aravanopoulos. "Genetic Diversity of Silver Fir (Abies alba) and European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Populations from the South-Eastern Limits of Their Natural Distribution." In IECF 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2022-13129.

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Zhu, L., M. Annamalai, S. Samudrala, N. Stelmakh, and M. Vasilyev. "Transmission Characteristics of Silver Nanoapertures." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2010.jwa34.

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Smyntyna, V. A., and M. V. Skobeeva. "Silver Nanopaticles in Biomedical Application." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2011.jwa9.

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Chettri, Prajal, Rajasimha K, V. Krishna Chaitanya, and Aditya Kurdekar. "Investigation of Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity in Novel Coenzyme-A Capped Silver Nanoparticles." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.jtu4b.57.

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The third-order non-linear susceptibilities were measured using the Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing. The CoA-AgNPs exhibited higher non-linear susceptibility than the borohydride capped silver nanoparticles. The enhanced nonlinearity can be attributed to the LSPR of silver nanoparticles.
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Barrientos, L., and B. Loeb. "Silver /Silver Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Optical Nanostructures for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2010.pwb4.

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Zsarnoczky, Martin. "Silver tourism." In International Scientific Days 2016 :: The Agri-Food Value Chain: Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s7.15.

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Thomas, Norman, Jesse Wolfe, Joseph Farmer, Al Erlandson, Chris Marshall, Dan Woodruff, Dan Bouillez, Darin Glenn, and Erik Bjornard. "Protected Silver Coating for NIF Flashlamp Reflectors*." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.wc.11.

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The National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will be a national center to study inertial confinement fusion and the physics of high energy and pressure. The $1.2 billion project consists of 192 laser beams which will direct more than 500 trillion watts towards a tiny target in a pulse only a billionth of a second long. The laser contains neodymium glass amplifiers which are pumped by xenon flashlamps. The flashlamps have silver reflectors to direct the light toward the glass laser slabs. Silver is ideal because of its high reflectance from 400 to 1000 nm wavelength which matches the neodymium absorption cross-section. In order to maintain the overall efficiency of the laser beams, there is an effort to prevent the corrosion of the silver reflectors by various means. One solution is the use of durable protected silver coatings which must survive 24,000 exposures to intense flashlamp light over a 30-year period while being exposed to small levels of atmospheric corrodants. One protected silver reflector has survived 20,717 flashlamp discharges so far in 100% Livermore atmosphere with no change in reflectance. This paper describes another protected silver reflector which is very durable.
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Reports on the topic "Silver fir"

1

Cochran, P. H., W. Lopushinsky, and P. D. McColley. Effect of operational fertilization on foliar nutritent content and growth of young Douglas-fir and Pacific silver fir. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-445.

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Hoyer, Gerald E., and Francis R. Herman. Height-age and site index curves for Pacific silver fir in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-418.

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Murray, Marshall D., and Peggy C. Leonard. Growth of site trees and stand structure in mixed stands of Pacific silver fir and western hemlock. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-431.

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Stjernberg, Mats, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Unlocking the potential of silver economy in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:7.1403-2503.

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This report focuses on the concept of the silver economy, which has emerged as a response to population ageing in Europe in recent years. The silver economy refers to all economic activities linked to older age groups. The concept is based on the notion that many older people continue to make valuable economic and societal contributions after retirement, and that older citizens can provide significant economic and societal benefits, particularly if they are healthy and active. This report examines policies and initiatives to promote the silver economy and the closely related concepts of healthy ageing, active ageing and age-friendliness. The report seeks to uncover what are the preconditions for expanding the Nordic silver economy, and how cross-border collaboration can help enhance the potential of the silver economy in border regions.
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Hsu, P. C., Z. Chiba, B. J. Schumacher, L. C. Murguia, and M. G. Adamson. Recovery of silver from waste silver chloride for the MEO system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/250506.

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Glinton-Meicholas, Patricia. Talkin' Ol' Story: A Brief Survey of the Oral Tradition of the Bahamas. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007941.

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Cheng, Chih-Yu. Productivity Policies for Aging Asia. Asian Productivity Organization, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/zkbp7758.

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As Asian societies age and APO member economies turn silver, they face the challenge of a dwindling workforce, and consequently, of a declining productivity. A coherent policy framework that proactively fosters seniors to be part of the workforce and ensures their well-being could effectively address the impending challenge.
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Oliver, Amanda, William Slack, and Alan Katzenmeyer. Occurrence of Silver, Bighead, and Black Carp in waters managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45542.

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This technical report (TR) documents the distribution of Invasive Carp - Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), and Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) managed waters. Invasive carp were introduced into the US nearly half a century ago. As they spread across the US, they compete with and consume native species and Silver Carp jumping behavior reduces recreational use. The USACE is responsible for management of waterbodies at more than 440 projects. Information on these projects including the presence of Invasive Carp is reported in the USACE Operations and Maintenance Business Information Link (OMBIL) database. To supplement the Invasive Carp information from OMBIL, 47 online ichthyology collection and observation databases were searched; 18 had information on Invasive Carp locations. Combining the collection, observation and OMBIL reporting information, 82 USACE projects in 19 districts in 6 of 8 divisions have Silver/Bighead Carp and 19 projects in 9 districts and 3 divisions have Black Carp. Understanding the distribution of Invasive Carp is important to enable managers to be proactive: planning control efforts, posting informational signs, instituting live bait restrictions, and thus reducing the chances of species introduction or limiting species impact.
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Hsu, P. C., Z. Chiba, B. J. Schumacher, L. C. Murguia, and M. G. Adamson. Silver removal process development for the MEO cleanout. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/231372.

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Goodwin, Katy, and Alan Kirschbaum. Acoustic monitoring for bats at Indiana Dunes National Park: Data summary report for 2016–2019. National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290144.

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The Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network initiated an acoustic monitoring program for bats in 2015. At Indiana Dunes National Park, monitoring began in 2016. This report presents results for the 2016–2019 surveys. Acoustic recordings were analyzed using the software program Kaleidoscope Pro and a subset of files were manually reviewed to confirm species identifications. Seven of the eight bat species previously documented at the park were reconfirmed. These include big brown bat, eastern red bat, hoary bat, silver-haired bat, evening bat, little brown bat, and tricolored bat. In addition, the Kaleidoscope software classified some acoustic files to northern long-eared bat and Indiana bat, however none of these recordings were verified through manual vetting. Activity levels for six of the nine species (big brown bat, hoary bat, silver-haired bat, evening bat, northern long-eared bat, and Indiana bat) appeared to be stable or slightly increasing. For northern long-eared and Indiana bats, observed activity levels were very low in all four years, so we may not have adequate data to assess trends for those species. The remaining three species (eastern red bat, little brown bat, and tricolored bat) showed slightly decreasing trends.
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