Academic literature on the topic 'Silver Reef'
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Journal articles on the topic "Silver Reef"
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Wicaksono, Heru, Elok Faiqoh, and I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa. "Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang di Area Ponton Quick Silver, Perairan Toyapakeh, Nusa Penida." Journal of Marine Research and Technology 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmrt.2021.v04.i01.p04.
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The availability of coral reefs as habitat is closely related to the exsistence of coral fish resources in the waters. Coral fish resources are very important for tourism, as an object sought after by tourist because of their diverse and charming colors and shapes. Reef fish abundance depends on coral cover. This research was conducted in February 2020. The percentage of coral cover was collected using the Under Water Potography Transect (UPT) method and the visual census method for reef fish communities at five research stations located in the area of the Quick Silver’s pontoon, Toyapakeh, Nusa Penida with area of 20.000 . Based on the results, the diversity index in the first data collection ranged from 3.18-3.76, which means the diversity isin the high category. On the other hand, the diversity index in the second data collections tends to decrease in the range of 2.66-3.40, which means that the diversity is in the medium to high category. The uniformity index for the first and second data collection falls into the category of distressed communities. The dominances index on the two data found inj the low category. From this research, it was also found that the percentage of live coral cover in the area of use of the Quick Silver pontoon ranged from 0.08% to 17.32%, which means that all research stations were classified as bad. These results indicate that the presence of reef fish is not only caused by live corals but also by anthropogenic activities of the pontoon, such as manual feeding by visitors. This condition applies to reef fish with omnivore eating behavior, one of which is the Pomacentridae family of the major fish group. These anthropogenic activities can change the composition of reef fish communities and increase abundance.
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Fetterplace, Lachlan C., John W. Turnbull, Nathan A. Knott, and Natasha A. Hardy. "The Devil in the Deep: Expanding the Known Habitat of a Rare and Protected Fish." European Journal of Ecology 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2018-0003.
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Abstract The accepted geographic range of a species is related to both opportunity and effort in sampling that range. In deepwater ecosystems where human access is limited, the geographic ranges of many marine species are likely to be underestimated. A chance recording from baited cameras deployed on deep uncharted reef revealed an eastern blue devil fish (Paraplesiops bleekeri) at a depth of 51 m and more than 2 km further down the continental shelf slope than previously observed. This is the first verifiable observation of eastern blue devil fish, a protected and endemic southeastern Australian temperate reef species, at depths greater than the typically accepted depth range of 30 m. Knowledge on the ecology of this and many other reef species is indeed often limited to shallow coastal reefs, which are easily accessible by divers and researchers. Suitable habitat for many reef species appears to exist on deeper offshore reefs but is likely being overlooked due to the logistics of conducting research on these often uncharted habitats. On the basis of our observation at a depth of 51 m and observations by recreational fishers catching eastern blue devil fishes on deep offshore reefs, we suggest that the current depth range of eastern blue devil fish is being underestimated at 30 m. We also observed several common reef species well outside of their accepted depth range. Notably, immaculate damsel (Mecaenichthys immaculatus), red morwong (Cheilodactylus fuscus), mado (Atypichthys strigatus), white-ear (Parma microlepis) and silver sweep (Scorpis lineolata) were abundant and recorded in a number of locations at up to a depth of at least 55 m. This underestimation of depth potentially represents a large area of deep offshore reefs and micro-habitats out on the continental shelf that could contribute to the resilience of eastern blue devil fish to extinction risk and contribute to the resilience of many reef species to climate change
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Birch, William D. "Mineralogy of the Silver King deposit, Omeo, Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 129, no. 1 (2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs17004.
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The Silver King mine (also known as Forsyths) operated very intermittently between about 1911 and the late 1940s on Livingstone Creek, near Omeo, in northeastern Victoria. The deposit consists of six thin and discontinuous quartz lodes that are variably mineralised. Assays of up to 410 ounces of silver per ton were obtained but there are only a few recorded production figures. Examination of representative ore samples shows that the main silver-bearing minerals in the primary ore are pyrargyrite, freibergite, andorite and the rare sulphosalt zoubekite, which occur irregularly with pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Phase assemblage data indicate that crystallisation occurred over an interval from about 450°C to less than 250°C, with the silver-bearing minerals crystallising at the lowest temperatures. The lodes were formed by the emplacement of hydrothermal solutions into fractures within the Ensay Shear Zone during the Early Devonian Bindian Orogeny. There are similarities in mineralisation and timing of emplacement between the Silver King lodes and the quartz-reef-hosted Glen Wills and Sunnyside goldfields 35‒40 km north of Omeo.
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Immordino, Francesco, Mattia Barsanti, Elena Candigliota, Silvia Cocito, Ivana Delbono, and Andrea Peirano. "Application of Sentinel-2 Multispectral Data for Habitat Mapping of Pacific Islands: Palau Republic (Micronesia, Pacific Ocean)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090316.
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Sustainable and ecosystem-based marine spatial planning is a priority of Pacific Island countries basing their economy on marine resources. The urgency of management coral reef systems and associated coastal environments, threatened by the effects of climate change, require a detailed habitat mapping of the present status and a future monitoring of changes over time. Here, we present a remote sensing study using free available Sentinel-2 imagery for mapping at large scale the most sensible and high value habitats (corals, seagrasses, mangroves) of Palau Republic (Micronesia, Pacific Ocean), carried out without any sea truth validation. Remote sensing ‘supervised’ and ‘unsupervised’ classification methods applied to 2017 Sentinel-2 imagery with 10 m resolution together with comparisons with free ancillary data on web platform and available scientific literature were used to map mangrove, coral, and seagrass communities in the Palau Archipelago. This paper addresses the challenge of multispectral benthic mapping estimation using commercial software for preprocessing steps (ERDAS ATCOR) and for benthic classification (ENVI) on the base of satellite image analysis. The accuracy of the methods was tested comparing results with reference NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA) habitat maps achieved through Ikonos and Quickbird imagery interpretation and sea-truth validations. Results showed how the proposed approach allowed an overall good classification of marine habitats, namely a good concordance of mangroves cover around Palau Archipelago with previous literature and a good identification of coastal habitats in two sites (barrier reef and coastal reef) with an accuracy of 39.8–56.8%, suitable for survey and monitoring of most sensible habitats in tropical remote islands.
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Xu, L. Q., L. B. Wu, Y. H. Zhang, and J. J. Zhao. "Transport of Cobalt and Silver From the Ocean to a Reef Island by Seabirds in the South China Sea." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 124, no. 10 (October 2019): 3005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019jg005264.
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B. Lade, Diksha, Dayanand P. Gogle, and Bipin D. Lade. "Development of Silver Nanoparticles/PEG/Glycerine Composite for Antibacterial Effect using Leaf Extract of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum." Volume 4,Issue 5,2018 4, no. 5 (November 12, 2018): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.161.18040517.
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The main purpose of the experiment is to use green synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (SNP) fabrication using phytochemical and functional groups inherent in aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum for formulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ Glycerine film. The SNP synthesis reaction is performed under sun condition and change in colour from light brown to dark brown was the initial indication, observed for nanoparticles synthesis. The 95 mL of 0.001 M AgNO3 is mixed with 5 mL of leaf extract and reaction performed under Sun light at alkaline pH 8 was found efficient to produced stable NP. The synthesized SNP are mixed with (10%, 50%, 100%, 150%, 200% and 250%), polyethylene glycol (PEG):glycerine (G) in 1:1 ratio to form a film. The UV-spectroscopic analysis confirms absorption at 420-430 nm for synthesized SNP. The FTIR characterization determines alkynes (terminal), 1�, 2� amines, amides, nitriles, alkynes, alkyl halides functional group from O. sanctum (OS) leaf extract and aldehydes, alkynes (terminal), alkyne, alkene, from O. basilicum (OB) leaf extract responsible for reducing and capping silver nitrate to form nanoparticles. The SEM analysis verify that the O. sanctum based nanoparticles are spherical in shape although O. basilicum based nanoparticles have bright contrast coral reef like morphology. The average zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was found to be 27.74 mV and 23.50 mV that are embedded in Ocimum sanctum-SNP/PEG and Ocimum basilicum-SNP/PEG films. Also, the average diameters of SNP in Ocimum sanctum-SNP/PEG and in Ocimum basilicum-SNP/PEG was found to be 463.2 nm and 43.0 nm. These Sun light mediated SNP shows antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureous pathogens.
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Block, Elizabeth. "11th REFF looks for the silver lining." Renewable Energy Focus 10, no. 6 (November 2009): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1755-0084(09)70231-5.
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Heng, Geraldine. "An Ordinary Ship and Its Stories of Early Globalism." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 11–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.100003.
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An ordinary ship and its cargo can tell the story of far-flung global markets, human voyaging, and early industrialization in China that supplied exports to the world. Sometime after 825 CE an Arab dhow set sail from the port of Guangzhou in coastal south China, having unloaded its goods from the Near East, and reloaded with some estimated 70,000 ceramics and other items, on its return voyage to the Abbasid empire. Taking the route that has been called “the maritime silk road,” this hand-sewn ship made of planks fastened with coconut fiber (without any nails) seems to have decided to offload some cargo first in maritime Southeast Asia, perhaps intending to pick up a secondary cargo of spices, resins, and aromatics for which the Indonesian islands were famed. The dhow sank near the island of Belitung, at a reef called Batu Hitam (“Black Rock”). Fifty-five thousand ceramic wares, along with gold and silver ornaments, ingots, mirrors, ewers, vases, jars, cups, incense burners, boxes, flasks, bottles, graters, and the like—and two objects that may have been children’s toys, and a re-soldered gold bracelet sized for a woman’s wrist—were excavated intact in 1998, and are housed at the Asian Civilisations Museum in Singapore. This ninth-century dhow is the only ship of its kind ever recovered, though hand-sewn ships that plied the Indian Ocean are described in travel accounts from as early as the first-century CE. The dhow is a remarkable example of the global ships carrying people, goods, ideas, religion, and culture, which knit the world into relationship along transoceanic routes. Its vast trove of ceramics is the earliest physical evidence attesting the industrial production of ceramics in China for export to foreign markets as early as the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Designs painted on the great majority of the ceramic wares were favored in the export market, not in China. Part of the trove includes prototypes of blue-and-white ceramics for which China would become famous 400 years later: ceramic experiments that feature Iraqi designs attesting global interrelationships in art and the exchange of ideas. The crews of ships such as this one were multiracial, multireligious, and assembled from everywhere: The cargo, knowledges, and stories these diverse, anonymous voyagers helped to transfer across the world transform our understanding of scale, time, and globalism.
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Ralbag, Noam, Israel Felner, and David Avnir. "New reed switch design based on magnetic silver." Materials Research Express 6, no. 12 (January 10, 2020): 126329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5141.
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Hou, Xin Cun, Xi Feng Fan, Yi Zhu, Ju Ying Wu, Chun Qiao Zhao, and Su Shan Zheng. "Ecological-Economic Values of Lignocellulosic Herbaceous Plant on Contaminated Land." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.757.
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Lignocellulosic herbaceous plant is a high-quality kind of biomass resource. In China, large-scale cultivation of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant on marginal land is a crucial method to resolve sustainable supplement of biomass feedstock. In order to analyse its potential, this research conducted large-scale cultivation of four species of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant, switchgrass, silver reed, giant reed and hybrid pennisetum on a contaminated land in Beijing suburb. And a quantitative analysis of their biomass yields and ecological-economic values were performed in the sequential four growing seasons. With high annual biomass yields, 21.37 ton·hm-2, 26.21 ton·hm-2, 44.48 ton·hm-2 and 57.61 ton·hm-2, respectively, these four species of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant had enormous ecological values, including carbon fixation, oxygen release, sulfur dioxide absorption and dust retardment, and considerable economic values, according to standard coal conversion and cellulosic ethanol production. Of these four species, hybrid pennisetum is optimal in ecological value on contaminated land in the future, while giant reed in economic value.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Silver Reef"
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Garcia, Marisol. "TRULY NON INVASIVE GLUCOSE OPTICAL SENSOR BASED ON METAL NANOPARTICLES GENERATION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2260.
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Diabetes is a disease that causes many complications in human normal function. This disease represents the sixth-leading cause of death in USA. Prevention of diabetes-related complications can be accomplished through tight control of glucose levels in blood. In the last decades many different glucose sensors have been developed, however, none of them are really non invasive. Herein, we present the study of the application of gold and silver nanoparticles with different shapes and aspect ratios to detect glucose traces in human fluids such as tears and sweat. This is to our knowledge the first truly non invasive glucose optical sensor, with extraordinary limit of detection and selectivity. The best proven nanoparticles for this application were gold nanospheres. Gold nanospheres were synthesized using chloroauric acid tri-hydrated (HAuCl4.3H2O) in solution, in the presence of glucose and ammonia hydroxide. The higher the glucose concentration, the higher the number of nanoparticles generated, thus the higher the extinction efficiency of the solution. The linear dependence of the extinction efficiency of the gold nanoparticles solution with glucose concentration makes of this new sensor suitable for direct applications in biomedical sensing. Our approach is based on the well known Tollens test.M.S.
Department of Chemistry
Arts and Sciences
Industrial Chemistry
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Markova, Gergana. "EVERY CLOUD HAS A SILVER LINING: POSITIVE EFFECTS OF DEVIANT COWORKERS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3114.
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The purpose of this study was to recognize and explore the reactions of employees to a deviant coworker. Specifically, I focused on the potential positive effects for employees who are in the presence of a coworker perceived as deviant, dysfunctional, or negative. Consistent with a labeling perspective on deviance, I argued that an employee may become a deviant as a result of social construction, fostered either by observed norm violations or the perceived dissimilarity of this person. Drawing on diverse theories from social psychology and sociology, I hypothesized that in the presence of a deviant coworker, other employees may have enhanced self-evaluations, better role clarity, and improved cohesiveness in work units. First, observers can set a contrast with the deviant and draw positive conclusions about themselves. Second, the "bad apple" can inform employees about organizational norms and alert them about "don't do" rules on the job, thereby improving their role clarity. Finally, by derogating the deviant, non-deviant members can unite against a "common enemy" and boost work unit cohesiveness. Positive effects were also expected to be contingent on individual characteristics and situational factors. In particular, social comparison orientation, coworkers' salience, and agreement about the deviant were hypothesized to strengthen observers' reactions to the deviant. The character of the deviant label and job interdependence, however, were expected to have a more complicated moderating role on the deviant's influence. Two samples generated from separate data collections were used to test the hypotheses. The positive relationship between the deviant's presence and employees' self-evaluations was supported. For employees with more interdependent jobs, role clarity was also positively associated with the presence of a deviant coworker. Contrary to predictions, cohesiveness was found to be lower for work units with a deviant employee at both individual and aggregate levels. Conceptual and empirical pitfalls relevant to the non-significant or opposite-to-prediction relationships are addressed. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.Ph.D.
Department of Management
Business Administration
Business Administration: Ph.D.
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Menezes, Roseline. "Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of silver embedded silica nanoparticle/nanogel formulation." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4804.
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The antibacterial property of silver (Ag) has been known since ancient time. It is reported in the literature that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit improved antibacterial properties in comparison to silver ions of equivalent metallic Ag concentration. Such improvement in antibacterial activities is due to the high surface area to volume ratio of AgNPs (which facilitates interaction with the bacterial cells), increased release of silver ions and direct intra-cellular uptake of AgNPs leading to localized release of Ag ions. To date, over 300 consumer products containing AgNPs are available in the market and the inventory is rapidly expanding. The antibacterial efficacy is related to the loading of AgNPs (which controls availability of active Ag ions). It is perhaps challenging to increase AgNPs loading in consumer products without compromising its aesthetic appearance. AgNPs exhibit yellow-brown color due to strong Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption; and therefore, it is expected that an increase in loading would change the color of AgNP-containing materials. For applications, such as creating a fast-acting touch-safe surface, higher loading of AgNPs is desirable. It is also desirable to obtain a non-color forming surface. To meet the demands of desirable higher loading of AgNPs and non-color forming surface, the objective of this study is to minimize SPR by engineering Ag containing nanomaterials for potential fast-acting spray-based applications. Within this thesis several reports have been made including synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of Ag-loaded silica nanoparticle/nanogel (AgSiNP/NG) material containing nanoformulations. The effects of nanoformulation pH and metallic Ag content on the SPR absorption and antibacterial properties have been studied. The AgSiNP/NG materials were synthesized using silica sol-gel technique at room temperature in water.; The color formation of the AgSiNP/NG material was found to be dependent on silver ion loading (15.4 wt% and 42.3 wt %) as well as on the pH (pH 4.0 and pH 7.0). A number of material characterization techniques such as HRTEM, SEM and AFM were used to characterize particle size, crystalline and surface morphology in dry state. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was used to characterize particle size and size distribution in solution. UV-VIS spectroscopy technique was applied to characterize Ag ions and AgNPs in the AgSiNP/NG material. Antibacterial studies were conducted against gram negative E.coli and gram positive B.subtilis and S.aureus. A number of qualitative (well diffusion, BacLight[Trademark] live-dead viability) and quantitative (turbidity, resazurin viability) assays were used for antibacterial studies. It was observed that lower pH and low Ag loading minimized SPR absorption, resulting in no yellow-brown color formation. The HRTEM confirmed the formation of ~5-25 nm size highly crystalline AgNPs which were coated with dielectric silica layer (silica gel). AFM, SEM and DLS studies confirmed formation of AgSiNPs in the range between 100 nm-200 nm. The AgSiNP/NG material was effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Based on this research it is suggested that by coating AgNPs with a dielectric material (such as silica); it is possible to suppress SPR absorption.ID: 031001357; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed May 3, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-79).
M.S.
Masters
Molecular Biology and Micro
Medicine
Biotechnology
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Gongora, Renan. "Theoretical Tailoring of Perforated Thin Silver Films for Surface Plasmon Resonance Affinity." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1543.
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Metallic films, in conjunction with biochemical-targeted probes, are expected to provide early diagnosis, targeted therapy and non-invasive monitoring for epidemiology applications [1-4]. The resonance wavelength peaks, both plasmonic and Wood-Rayleigh Anomalies (WRAs), in the scattering spectra are affected by the metallic architecture. As of today, much research has been devoted to extinction efficiency in the plasmonic region. However, Wood Rayleigh Anomalies (WRAs) typically occur at wavelengths associated with the periodic distance of the structures. A significant number of papers have already focused on the plasmonic region of the visible spectrum, but a less explored area of research was presented here; the desired resonance wavelength region was 400-500nm, corresponding to the WRA for the silver film with perforated hole with a periodic distance of 400nm. Simulations obtained from the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method, show sharp spectral bands (either high or low scattering efficiencies) in both wavelength regions of the visible spectrum simulated from Ag film with cylindrical hole arrays. In addition, surprising results were obtained in the parallel scattering spectra, where the electric field is contained in the XY plane, when the angle between the metallic surface and the incident light was adjusted to 14 degrees; a bathochromic shift was observed for the WRA peak suggesting a hybrid resonance mode. Metallic films have the
potential to be used in instrumental techniques for use as sensors, i.e. surface plasmon resonance affinity biosensors, but are not limited to such instrumental techniques. Although the research here was aimed towards affinity biosensors, other sensory designs can benefit from the optimized Ag film motifs. The intent of the study was to elucidate metal film motifs, when incorporated into instrumental analysis, allowing the quantification of genetic material in the visible region. Any research group that routinely benefits from quantification of various analytes in solution matrices will also benefit from this study, as there are a bewildering number of instrumental sensory methods and setups available.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Chemistry
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Ramirez-Martinez, Guillermo Jose. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS IN VITRO OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE AGAINST SELECTED HUMAN RED AND ORANGE COMPLEX PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/601896.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Objectives: Silver diamine fluoride is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for intraoral human treatment of tooth hypersensitivity, and it has also been employed world-wide as an emerging method to arrest tooth decay. A 38% silver diamine fluoride formulation, comprised of 25% silver, 5% fluoride, and 8% ammonia as a solvent, is commercially available in the United States. One of the main mechanisms underlying the dental caries arrest potential of silver diamine fluoride is the silver component, which exerts pronounced antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. Interestingly, studies initiated in the late 1990s demonstrated marked susceptibility of periodontal bacterial pathogens to silver nitrate. However, efforts to develop silver-based, slow-release biodegradable wafers for subgingival placement into periodontal pockets were not commercially successful. At present, no commercial products are available which employ silver ions to combat periodontal bacterial pathogens in periodontal disease treatment. It is not known whether the 38% silver diamine fluoride product commercially available in the United States possesses antimicrobial activity against periodontal bacterial pathogens, and potentially, have application in periodontal therapeutic regimens. As a result, the objective of this study was to test the in vitro antimicrobial effects of silver diamine fluoride on freshly-isolated red and orange complex periodontal pathogens from severe human periodontitis lesions. Methods: Paper point subgingival biofilm samples from 24 adults with severe periodontitis that were to be discarded after microbiological analysis at the Temple University School of Dentistry Oral Microbiology Testing Service Laboratory were secondarily employed in this study. Dilution aliquots from each subgingival specimen were mixed with either 38% or 19% silver diamine fluoride, inoculated onto enriched Brucella blood agar plates, and incubated anaerobically for 7 days at 37°C. Bacterial species growing subsequent to the silver diamine fluoride exposure were considered to be resistant to that concentration of silver diamine fluoride. Total viable counts in silver diamine fluoride-exposed subgingival specimens were quantitated, and established phenotypic criteria employed to identify the following red and orange complex periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum group species, and Streptococcus constellatus. Other cultivable isolates recovered from silver diamine fluoride-exposed subgingival specimens were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and Bruker MALDI Biotyper analytic software. Subgingival sample dilution aliquots not exposed to silver diamine fluoride were similarly processed as controls for comparison with silver diamine fluoride-exposed specimens Paired t-tests compared mean total subgingival viable counts, and mean total subgingival proportions of the evaluated anaerobic red and orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient, between subgingival biofilm samples exposed and not exposed in vitro to 38% or 19% silver diamine fluoride, with a P-value of < 0.05 required for statistical significance. Results: Subgingival specimens exposed in vitro to either 38% or 19% silver diamine fluoride yielded significantly lower total subgingival viable counts per patient than those not exposed to silver diamine fluoride (P < 0.001, paired t-test), with no statistically significant differences found between 38% and 19% silver diamine fluoride exposures (P = 0.370, paired t-test). All evaluated red and orange complex periodontal pathogens were suppressed below detection levels in 21 (87.5%) of subgingival samples after in vitro exposure to 38% silver diamine fluoride. Three other patient specimens treated with 38% silver diamine fluoride each had persistence of P. micra. Similarly, 21 (87.5%) of subgingival specimens also were culture-negative for red and orange complex periodontal pathogens after 19% silver diamine fluoride exposure, with two other patient samples showing persistence of P. micra, and a third sample persistence of S. constellatus. Total subgingival proportions of red and orange complex periodontal pathogens averaged 0.6% per patient in subgingival specimens exposed in vitro to 38% silver diamine fluoride, and 0.5% per patient in those exposed to 19% silver diamine fluoride, which were both significantly lower than 25.9% mean proportions detected in subgingival biofilms not exposed to silver diamine fluoride (P < 0.0001, paired t-test). No statistically significant differences were found between 38% and 19% silver diamine fluoride relative to suppression of total red and orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions (P = 0.345, paired t-test). Various Streptococcus species, particularly Streptococcus oralis, were the most frequently recovered microorganisms in subgingival biofilm specimens after exposure to both 38% and 19% silver diamine fluoride, indicative of their in vitro resistance to silver diamine fluoride. Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity against fresh clinical isolates of red and orange complex periodontal pathogens, and total viable counts, in subgingival biofilm specimens from severe periodontitis patients, with no statistically significant differences found between silver diamine fluoride concentrations of 38% and 19%. The dramatic in vitro suppression of red and orange complex periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm specimens by silver diamine fluoride, along with its selection of silver diamine fluoride-resistant species of Streptococcus that are associated with periodontal health, suggests a new therapeutic use for silver diamine fluoride in the management of human periodontal infections.
Temple University--Theses
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Xu, Bolei. "SURFACE REACTIONS AND ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS IN NANO- AND MICRO-SIZED MATERIALS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/404549.
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ChemistryPh.D.
In this dissertation, the laser spectroscopic methods, second harmonic generation (SHG) and ultrafast transient absorption, have been employed to study the reactions and dynamics in two different types of materials, namely, silver nanoparticles and micro-sized ultrathin crystalline oligoacenes. These two materials, although both are in small dimensions, represent two distinct types of systems with divergent characteristics: 1) systems in which interactions at the surface/interface are dominant, and 2) systems in which bulk interactions are dominant. Silver nanoparticles are an important member of the class of noble metal nanoparticles, and possess unique optical and chemical properties due to their ultrafine size and high surface-to-volume ratio. Strong SHG signal has been observed from silver nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous colloidal solution, in which the SHG signal is enhanced due to a resonance with the localized surface plasmon of silver nanoparticles. Further experiments proved that the SHG signal predominantly originates from the particle surface, in full agreement with the intrinsically interface-sensitive properties of SHG. With the surface origin of the signal now well established, SHG can be used to probe the adsorption and reactions of thiol molecules at the nanoparticle surface in situ and in real time. It is experimentally demonstrated that the free energy change, activation energy, as well as adsorption density of the reactions of a variety of neutral and anionic thiols at the particle surface can be measured by means of SHG. The reaction mechanisms at the molecular level have been deduced, and the neutral vs anionic thiols are found to exhibit qualitatively different reaction mechanisms that reflect the effect of their molecular interactions with the particle surface. Oligoacenes, such as pentacene and hexacene, constitute a family of organic semiconductors that exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties. In contrast to the nanoparticles in which surface interactions are dominant, as the sizes of materials become larger, the bulk characteristics become more deterministic. Therefore, polarized linear absorption and transient absorption spectroscopies have been applied to study the excitonic properties of crystalline pentacene and the mechanism of singlet fission in crystalline hexacene, respectively. The polarized absorption spectra of crystalline pentacene have been obtained by measuring transmitted light normal to the ab herringbone plane of micro-sized ultrathin single crystals. The significant deviations between the spectral line shapes polarized along the b-axis and orthogonal to the b-axis provide detailed information on the anisotropic mixing nature of the Frenkel/charge-transfer excitons responsible for the pronounced Davydov splitting between the lowest-energy singlet states. Additionally, both singlet and triplet Davydov splittings were also observed from the linear and transient absorption experiments in micrometer-sized ultrathin hexacene single crystals. A two-step process of anisotropic singlet fission was uncovered from the kinetic data, in which singlet fission at different rates were deduced along the a- and b-axes. Both the spectral and kinetic features indicate that singlet fission in crystalline hexacene is an anisotropic and charge-transfer mediated many-molecule process.
Temple University--Theses
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Cao, Weidan. "Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining: An Investigation of Cancer Patients' Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Posttraumatic Growth." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/425014.
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Media & CommunicationPh.D.
This dissertation investigated social support, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth among cancer patients in China. Study 1 examined sources of social support to explore helpful social support and unhelpful social support from different sources. Optimal matching theory (Cutrona & Russell, 1990) and Goldsmith’s (2004) social support theory served as the theoretical framework for Study 1. Twenty cancer patients in a cancer hospital were recruited to participate in phone interviews. An analysis of the detailed notes of the interviews revealed the major sources of patients’ social support came from family members and nurses. Patients described much more helpful support than unhelpful social support. Several other issues were discussed that were not covered by the research questions but were salient in the interviews were also discussed, such as nondisclosure practices in China and the use of euphemism when disclosing a cancer diagnosis in East Asian countries. The purpose of Study 2 was to test a model of the relationships between social support, uncontrollability appraisal, adaptive coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth. Two rounds of data collection were conducted among 201 cancer patients in a cancer hospital in China. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression indicated that, controlling for demographic factors such as age and education, social support and adaptive coping were positively correlated with posttraumatic growth. Uncontrollability, however, was not significantly correlated with posttraumatic growth. The results of the structural equation model indicated that higher levels of social support predicted higher levels of adaptive coping, higher levels of uncontrollability appraisal predicted lower levels of adaptive coping, and higher levels of adaptive coping predicted higher levels of posttraumatic growth. Moreover, adaptive coping was a mediator between social support and growth, as well as a mediator between uncontrollability and posttraumatic growth. The implications of the findings and the contributions of the dissertation are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Buratovic, Emma, Dervis Cocalic, Kasper Eliasson, Matilda Danestig, and Linus Everlid. "Controversial Materials : Ethical issues in the production of mineral based raw materials." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327393.
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This report has investigated the ethical issues associated with mining or processing of materials that make them considered as controversial. For each material, the main areas of use and the top producing countries are analysed, followed by social and/or environmental issues as well as potential problems in the future. In total, 13 materials are discussed, of which most are minerals. The overall issues, that are recurring throughout the report and are important to be aware of are: child labor, low safety standards, mining activity resulting in deforestation or harming biodiversity, mining processes that affect communities (e.g. because of large water consumption) and the risks associated with widespread illegal mining. The report also provides research about organisations and initiatives that aim to affect the problems, and gives a brief view over tools that can be used to increase awareness of these issues.
Books on the topic "Silver Reef"
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Proctor, Paul Dean. Silver, sinners & saints: A history of Old Silver Reef, Utah. [Utah?]: Paulmar, 1991.
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Reed & Barton., ed. Sterling seasons: The Reed & Barton story. Taunton, Mass: Reed & Barton Corp., 1998.
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Cooke, Richard T. Cork's Barrack Street Silver and Reed Band: Ireland's oldest musical institution. Cork: Quality Books, 1992.
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1921-, Allen Richard, ed. Reel art: Great posters from the golden age of the silver screen. New York: Artabras, 1988.
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1921-, Allen Richard, ed. Reel art: Great posters from the golden age of the silver screen. New York: Abbeville Press, 1988.
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Rother, Stephan M. Die KönigsChroniken-Ein Reif von Silber & Gold. Rowohlt Taschenbuch, 2018.
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Rebello, Stephen, and Richard Allen. Reel Art: Great Posters From The Golden Age Of The Silver Screen. Abbeville Press, 1989.
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Rebello, Stephen, and Richard Allen. Reel Art: Great Posters from the Golden Age of the Silver Screen. Artabras Publishers, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Silver Reef"
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Wiedenmann, Robert N., and J. Ray Fisher. "The Caribbean, Carlos Finlay, Walter Reed, and Serendipity." In The Silken Thread, 182–97. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197555583.003.0011.
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This chapter reviews the role of expanding sugarcane plantations throughout the Caribbean in the movement of slaves, mosquitoes and disease, as world empires jockeyed for dominance in world sugar markets. It relates how increased sugarcane production and exports to Europe led to increased importation of slaves to work the fields. As the African embarkation point of slaves moved north to the Slave Coast, yellow fever and the mosquito Aedes aegypti came into play, though when England banned slaveholding, sugar production shifted to the Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico and Cuba. The brief Spanish-American War of 1898, over control of Cuba, cemented the fame of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt but resulted in more deaths from yellow fever than combat, with the outbreak continuing during the post-war occupation of Cuba. Serendipity played a significant role in the subsequent discovery of the cause of the disease, connecting the Yellow Fever Commission, led by Major Walter Reed, with Cuban physician, Dr. Carlos Finlay, whose early experiments pointed to mosquitos and others while a series of experiments by Reed's team showed Aedes aegypti was the vector.
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"Editionen und Literatur (Ref.)." In Die Messen des Andreas de Silva (* ca. 1475/80), 185–94. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783657781492_008.
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Shaheen, Aaron. "From the Civil War to the Great War." In Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture, 23–53. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857785.003.0002.
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The chapter first shows how the spiritualized version of prosthetics originated in the Civil War, which rendered approximately 60,000 veterans limbless. Prominent physicians such as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. and S. Weir Mitchell postulated that artificial limbs gave both physical and emotional solace to shattered soldiers, especially among those who suffered phantom limb syndrome. The devices’ “spiritual” potential proved limited, if not illusory; in fact, they were often so fragile, cumbersome, and painful that amputees simply preferred to go without them. Upon entering World War I, the United States created a rehabilitation and vocational program that aided injured veterans to reenter the workforce. Reflecting the way in which “personality” had come to replace a more traditional notion of spirit, orthopedists such as Joel Goldthwait and David Silver, both employed at Walter Reed Hospital, designed artificial limbs for both physical and psychological compatibility.
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Gordon, Robert B., and Patrick M. Malone. "Scarce Metals and Petroleum." In The Texture of Industry. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195058857.003.0011.
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Lured by the potential for substantial wealth, Americans have focused a disproportionate share of their industrial effort on extracting and processing resources that are both scarce and in high demand. Gold and silver were always valuable and eagerly sought, but in the nineteenth century, the demand tor other nonferrous metals and (or petroleum rose to unprecedented levels. Obtaining these scarce, nonrenewable resources brought new patterns of industrial land use and new environmental consequences. The continuing effects on our land, water, and air are serious concerns in American society today. The hope of finding gold and silver, the metals of wealth and display, drew numerous adventurers to North America in the seventeenth century. In the East, those hoping to repeat the Spanish experience in South America and Mexico were disappointed. Although colonial prospectors did discover small deposits of nonferrous-metal ores on the east coast and in the Appalachians, most of the metals were not in the precious category. There was a demand for utilitarian metals as well: English colonists depended on lead for pipes, window carries, and shot; they cooked with copper kettles, drank the products of copper stills, and set their tables with pewter (a tin alloy) tableware. Nevertheless, Americans generally found it cheaper and easier to use imported nonferrous metals until the mineral resources of the center of the continent were exploited in the nineteenth century. Iron was the only metal extensively mined in the English colonies. One of the few relicts of pre-Revolutionary nonferrous metallurgy is the Simsbury Copper Mine in East Granby, Connecticut. This mining enterprise obtained its charter in 1706. The state now preserves the site, not as an industrial monument but because the mine served for a time as the state prison. Visitors can enter the underground workings. Physical evidence of the first gold discovery in the United States, in 1799, exists at the Reed Gold Mine, a state historic site near Georgiaville, North Carolina. Most of the milling survivals are from later development at the mining site in 1854 and 1896. North Carolina led the nation in gold production until the California gold rush of 1849.
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McCammon, Richard B. "Recent Experiences With Prospector II." In Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.003.0009.
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Three recent case studies in which Prospector II was used illustrate a variety of constructive responses that contribute to regional mineral resource assessments. The case studies included a group of precious-metal vein deposits in the Quartzville Mining District in Oregon, United States; a stratabound gold-silver deposit in Manitoba, Canada; and an Archean tin deposit from Western Australia. In each case, the objective was to see how Prospector II would classify the deposit in terms of deposit models in the Cox-Singer compendium. The precious-metal vein deposits in the Quartzville Mining District were interpreted by Prospector II to be part of a larger system likely to contain porphyry copper deposits. The stratabound gold-silver deposit in Manitoba fit the description of the Homestake gold deposit model. The Archean tin deposit from Western Australia bore little resemblance to any of the tin deposit models in the Cox-Singer compendium. In recent years, quantitative mineral resource assessments have gained recognition among land managers and national policymakers, who have found that numerical measures of potential mineral values are essential when considering alternative strategies. Such quantitative assessments allow land managers to plan optimum use of public lands and allow national policymakers to assess the need for securing long-term mineral supplies from international sources. In addition, quantitative assessments encourage the discovery and development of new deposits. Significant advances have been made in developing new techniques for the quantitative assessment of metallic mineral resources (Drew et al, 1986; Reed et al., 1989). In large part, these techniques are based on an earlier method of regional mineral resource assessment proposed by Singer (1975) and subsequently applied to areas in Alaska. The technique is based on the size distribution of mineral deposits of specified geologic types and on the probability of deposit occurrence. This approach to the quantitative assessment of undiscovered mineral resources is being applied to many of the mineral resource assessments being carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (Singer and Cox, 1988). Critical in this approach to quantitative assessment is the geologist's ability to relate the geologic environment in an area to specific deposit types.
Conference papers on the topic "Silver Reef"
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Guo, F., and J. K. Gershenson. "Comparison of Modular Measurement Methods Based on Consistency Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48634.
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Most modularity measures center on quantifying dependencies with components external to modules. Some modularity measures include an accounting of component similarity. What is measured as dependencies and similarities varies by measure and by context. Additionally, there is some subjectivity in the measures. Noticeably, the measures lack rigorous verification and validation. There is also a lack of quantitative comparison among the various measures. This research highlights the consistencies among the measures of modular product design and attempts to select a single measure for use in future applications. A list of eight alternative modularity measures was developed from available literature. The goal was to compare these measures to find the most representative measure with high similarity to the mainstream of all measures but also with a high sensitivity to changes in modularity. Our hypothesis is that, since many measures look somewhat similar, we are looking for one measure that is in agreement with most measures and therefore performs reliably; it should also be significantly more sensitive. Similarity was defined via consistency analysis — similar measurements rank the different product modularities in the same sequence. Sensitivity was compared by slightly changing the product architecture of example products and then quantifying which measures are more sensitive to these changes. Analysis was based on 11 products: a Fisher-price Chatter Radio, a Proctor Silex automatic drip coffeemaker, a Johnson fishing reel with pre-spooled line, a Sunbeam home hair trimmer, a Farberware ice cream scoop, a Regent halogen clamp lamp, a Bell classic portable bicycle pump, a Pur faucet mount water filter, an ANCO premium wiper blade, a Kodak single-use camera, and an Adhesive Tech mini glue gun.
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Pettitt, Glenn, and Shana Westfall. "The Advantages of Integrating Major Hazard Safety and Impact Assessments for Pipeline Projects." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64370.
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During many years of working on oil and gas pipeline projects, the authors have experienced many occasions where safety and environmental professionals on the same project have conducted assessments without using an integrated approach, often to the detriment of the project. This ‘siloed’ behaviour is evident in the way that safety and environmental teams are often assembled at different times and have little to no interaction. An Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) is used as a key mechanism to identify potential adverse consequences from a pipeline project in terms of unwanted impacts to fauna and flora and local communities. Simultaneously, major hazard studies are carried out for a pipeline project to identify major accident hazards risks to adjacent communities or at above ground installations (AGIs), usually from flammable events due to the transport of natural gas, crude oil or petroleum products. Both the ESHIA and the major accident hazards processes will identify appropriate prevention, control and mitigation measures to reduce the risk from the pipeline system and to manage the potential adverse consequences in the unlikely event of a major accident. Within the scope of many ESHIAs prepared now, there is an assessment of environmental and social impacts from ‘unplanned events’, which essentially are those major hazard events with the potential to cause multiple injuries or fatalities to people in the local community or at AGIs. As such events are likely to have a major consequence to the environment, particularly in the case of crude oil and petroleum products releases, it makes sense for such events to be studied by both safety and environmental professionals using an integrated approach. Such an integrated approach requires collaboration between various professionals from an early point within a project, as there are several different aspects with a pipeline project that will require the assessment of key personnel. For a pipeline project in the design stages, the main points for consideration are as follows: • Construction of the pipeline system, with major disruptions to the local environment from the construction itself (line pipe and AGIs) and due to the logistical requirements (traffic movements, movements of personnel and construction camps, moving major equipment across the world). • Operation of the pipeline system, with potential adverse impacts due to a loss of containment, as has been shown by many accidents in the past (e.g. Ref 1, 2). The key issue here is that the initiating events often remain the same, certainly with regard to operations where the initiating event will be a loss of containment. There may be adverse consequences to people, the biological environment and the physical environment, depending on the location and nature of the incident. For this reason joint participation in the hazard identification (HAZID) process by key safety, social and environmental professionals is considered beneficial to a pipeline project to ensure all potential initiators are included. In this case, the HAZID process would also include an environmental impact identification (ENVID), rather than conducting both processes separately. A major advantage of conducting an integrated approach is the potential cost-savings. By bringing together technical safety and environmental professionals at an early stage of pipeline project design, there is the potential to avoid ‘doubling-up’ on potential issues, as well as conducting two parallel processes that have many similarities. Perhaps more significantly, many potential adverse consequences (environmental, social and safety) can be prevented, controlled or mitigated through their early consideration during project design. Hence, by bringing together these different technical view-points at an early stage of pipeline system design, potential risk reduction options that would be beneficial to people and the environment may be identified. If ESHIA considerations and major accident hazard studies are evaluated in parallel during the early stages of a project (e.g. Appraise or Select), a pipeline project will have more available options to prevent potential impacts. As prevention of hazards is generally more cost-effective than designing in control and mitigation measures (for recovery of an incident), this will have a critical financial benefit. Furthermore, early changes to project design are generally far less costly than changes in the latter stages of a pipeline project; hence, early identification of prevention and risk reduction may be hugely beneficial.
Reports on the topic "Silver Reef"
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Lim, Peter. Analytical and Characterization Studies of Organic Chemicals, Drugs, and Drug Formulations for Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada513451.
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