Journal articles: 'Silver smelting slag'

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Avarmaa, Katri, Hugh O’Brien, Lassi Klemettinen, and Pekka Taskinen. "Precious metal recoveries in secondary copper smelting with high-alumina slags." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 22, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00955-w.

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AbstractWaste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represents a significant urban resource for precious metals. To maximize the recoveries and sustainable use of these metals, their behavior needs to be characterized in the secondary copper smelting of WEEE. The current study experimentally determined the distributions of gold, silver, platinum and palladium between copper alloy and FeOx–SiO2–Al2O3/FeOx–SiO2–Al2O3–CaO slags (LCu/s[M] = [M]Copper/[M]Slag) over the oxygen partial pressure range of 10−5 – 10−10 atm at 1300 °C. In addition, the equilibria of copper alloy, slag and Al–Fe spinel system are presented and discussed. The experiments were conducted employing an equilibration—drop-quenching technique followed by major element analysis with Electron Probe MicroAnalysis (EPMA) and trace element analysis with sensitive Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results showed that the distribution coefficient of silver increased from 10 to 103 as a function of decreasing oxygen partial pressure. For gold, platinum and palladium, the distribution coefficients were at minimum 105. Lime addition improved the recovery of silver notably and had a small positive effect on gold recovery into copper. Overall, the precious metals can be recovered very efficiently in copper alloy via secondary copper smelting with alumina-rich iron-silicate slags.

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Xie, Xian, Kai Hou, Xiong Tong, Yong Cheng Zhou, and Xiang Wen Lv. "Recovery of Copper and Silver by Flotation from Smelting Copper Slags." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3963.

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The recovery of copper from smeltery furnace slag by flotation has been studied. By analysis the slag containing 1.61% copper and 27.80g/t silver is available to recovery. The effective factors such as particle size, the amount and type of collector were examined. The combination of the collectors was also examined. With the process utilized in this work, a copper concentrate of 26.47% Cu with a recovery of 78.85% is produced. The associated silver is mostly concentrated to the copper concentrate, and the silver recoveried in the copper concentrate is 97.57%.

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Chen, Min, Katri Avarmaa, Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O’Brien, Junjie Shi, Pekka Taskinen, Daniel Lindberg, and Ari Jokilaakso. "Precious Metal Distributions Between Copper Matte and Slag at High $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ in WEEE Reprocessing." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02059-z.

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AbstractThe distributions of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) between copper matte and silica-saturated FeOx-SiO2/FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3/FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO slags were investigated at 1300 °C and $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 = 0.5 atm. The experiments were carried out in silica crucibles under flowing CO-CO2-SO2-Ar gas atmosphere. The concentrations of precious metals in matte and slag were analyzed by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Laser Ablation-High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, respectively. The precious metal concentrations in matte and slag, as well as the distribution coefficients of precious metals between matte and slag, were displayed as a function of matte grade. The present results obtained at $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 of 0.5 atm were compared with previous results at $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 of 0.1 atm for revealing the effects of $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 and selected slag modifiers (CaO and Al2O3) on precious metal distributions at copper matte smelting conditions. The present results also contribute experimental thermodynamic data of precious metal distributions in pyrometallurgical reprocessing of electronic waste via copper smelting processes.

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Chiarantini, Laura, Marco Benvenuti, Giovanna Bianchi, Luisa Dallai, Vanessa Volpi, and Rosarosa Manca. "Medieval Pb (Cu-Ag) Smelting in the Colline Metallifere District (Tuscany, Italy): Slag Heterogeneity as a Tracer of Ore Provenance and Technological Process." Minerals 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020097.

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Archaeological investigations of the Colline Metallifere district (Southern Tuscany, Italy) have highlighted several Medieval sites located close to the main Cu-Pb-Fe (Ag) ore occurrences. This study is focused on the investigation of late-medieval slags from Cugnano and Montieri sites using both geochemical and mineralogical methods to understand slag heterogeneities as result of ore differences and technological processes. Matte-rich slags present in both sites (with abundant matte ± speiss and frequent relict phases) represent waste products related to primary sulphide ore smelting to obtain a raw lead bullion. The distribution of slags between the Ca-rich or Fe-rich dominant composition, and the consequent mineralogy, are tracers of the different ore–gangue association that occurred in the two sites. Silver is present only in very small matte-rich slags and ores enclosed within the mortar of the Montieri site; wastes derived from silver-rich mineral charges were probably crushed for the recovery of silver. Matte-poor slags found at Montieri represent a second smelting; raw lead bullion obtained from matte slags (both Fe- and Ca-rich) was probably re-smelted, adding silica and Al2O3-phase-rich fluxes, under more oxidizing conditions to reduce metal impurities. This second step was probably employed for Zn-rich lead ores; this process helped to segregate zinc within slags and improve the quality of the metal.

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Li, Yun, Shenghai Yang, Wenrong Lin, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yuejun Wang, Junjie Shi, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, and Ari Jokilaakso. "Cleaner Extraction of Lead from Complex Lead-Containing Wastes by Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting with Low SO2 Emission." Minerals 9, no. 2 (February 17, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020119.

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A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na2CO3-Na2SO4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2, composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: WCoke = 15% WPb wastes, W Na 2 CO 3 / W Na 2 SO 4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO2 = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS2, Fe2Zn3S5, and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary melt.

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Wan, Xingbang, Lotta Kleemola, Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O’Brien, Pekka Taskinen, and Ari Jokilaakso. "On the Kinetic Behavior of Recycling Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) Through Copper Smelting Process." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 3 (June 9, 2021): 920–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00388-6.

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Abstract The recycling and recovery of precious metals from secondary materials, such as waste-printed circuit boards, are an important area of circular economy research due to the limited existing resources and increasing amount of e-waste produced by the rapid development of technology. In this study, the kinetic behavior of precious metals Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd between copper matte and iron-silicate slag was investigated at a typical flash smelting temperature of 1300 °C in both air and argon atmospheres. SEM–EDS, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS-advanced analysis methods were used for sample characterization. The results indicate that precious metals favor the matte phase over slag, and the deportment to matte occurred swiftly within a short time after the system had reached the experimental temperature. With increasing contact times, the precious metals were distributed increasingly into the sulfide matte. The distribution coefficients, based on experimentally measured element concentrations, followed the order of palladium > platinum > gold > silver in both air and argon, and the matte acted as an efficient collector of these precious metals. The obtained results can be applied to industrial copper matte smelting processes, and they also help in upgrading CFD models to simulate the flash smelting process more precisely. Graphical Abstract

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Ash, Christopher, Luboš Borůvka, Václav Tejnecký, Ondřej Šebek, Antonín Nikodem, and Ondřej Drábek. "Temporal dissolution of potentially toxic elements from silver smelting slag by synthetic environmental solutions." Journal of Environmental Management 129 (November 2013): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.010.

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Lu, Sujun, Juan Li, Dalin Chen, Wei Sun, Juan Zhang, and Yue Yang. "A novel process for silver enrichment from Kaldo smelting slag of copper anode slime by reduction smelting and vacuum metallurgy." Journal of Cleaner Production 261 (July 2020): 121214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121214.

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Petrovic, N., D. Budjelan, S. Cokic, and B. Nesic. "The determination of the content of gold and silver in geological samples." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 66, no. 1 (2001): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0101045p.

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Amethod has been elaborated for the determination of the content of gold and silver in geological samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) in combination with the fire assay method. The weight of sample used for analysis was 10 g. Sulphur present as sulphide, which is an undesirable element in smelting, was removed by the addition of iron to the charge. The sample was smelted with fluxes and lead oxide to replace the silver and gold by lead and to transfer non-precious elements to slag. Lead was separated from precious metals by cupellation. The separated silver and gold alloy was dissolved with aqua regia with addition of hydrochloric acid in excess. Silver and gold were determined from the same solution. For determination of the silver content, the AAS method with an air-acetylene flamewas used. Goldwas determined in a graphite furnace with the addition of a matrix modifier in an argon current, at an atomization temperature of t = 2200 ?C. The lower determination limit for silver was 0.05 g/t and for gold 0.005 g/t. The results of the analysis for silver and gold obtained with the proposed method showed good agreement with the results of the analysis of the same samples with the fire assay method.

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Ćirković, Milorad, Željko Kamberović, and Mile Bugarin. "Laboratory testing results of kinetics and processing technology of the polymetallic sulphide concentrate Blagojev Kamen – Serbia." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/220.

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This work presents the laboratory testing results of kinetics the oxidation process and sample processing of the sulphide polymetallic concentrate Blagojev Kamen. The aim of investigation is recovery of these types of raw material, present in large quantities in the peripheral parts of already used primary mineral deposits of copper, because of their high economic potential due to the content of a large number of metals and especially precious metals. Characterization of this raw material is based on the chemical analyses, XRD results, DTA analysis, etc. For these investigations, the sulphide concentrate with the following content was used in %: Cu – 2.3; Fe – 19.8; S – 27.19; Zn – 9.13; As – 0.167; Pb – 15.63; SiO2 – 17.93; CaO – 0.97; Al2O3 – 1.43; Ag – 480 g/t; Au – 659 g/t. Kinetic investigations of oxidation processes were carried out under the isothermal conditions within the temperature range of 400 to 625 oC. The Sharp's model was used for determination the kinetics parameters, and determined values of activation energy are 67 kJ/mole for the first period, and 47 kJ/mole for the second period. Pyrometallurgical treatment of this type of polymetallic concentrate, in the laboratory conditions, was carried out using the oxidative roasting and, then the reduction smelting was done in the Taman's furnace. Gold from 90.5 to 97.95% and silver from 77.28 to 93.37% are moved into the raw lead (smelting product). Gold from 1.1 to 3.92% and silver from 4.35 to 8.42% are moved into the polymetallic copper matte. Gold from 0.58 to 1.6% and silver from 2.45 to 6.82% are moved into the slag.

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ETTLER, V., R. ČERVINKA, and Z. JOHAN. "MINERALOGY OF MEDIEVAL SLAGS FROM LEAD AND SILVER SMELTING (BOHUTÍN, PŘÍBRAM DISTRICT, CZECH REPUBLIC): TOWARDS ESTIMATION OF HISTORICAL SMELTING CONDITIONS*." Archaeometry 51, no. 6 (January 21, 2009): 987–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00455.x.

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Cabała, Jerzy, Rafał Warchulski, Dariusz Rozmus, Dorota Środek, and Eligiusz Szełęg. "Pb-Rich Slags, Minerals, and Pollution Resulted from a Medieval Ag-Pb Smelting and Mining Operation in the Silesian-Cracovian Region (Southern Poland)." Minerals 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010028.

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Since the 12th century in the Silesian-Cracovian area, lead, litharge, and silver have been produced by the pyrometallurgical processing of Pb-Ag-Zn ore. Slags and soils contaminated with heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, As) were the subject of this research. Samples were collected during archaeological works in the area of early medieval metallurgical settlement. The main goals of the analyses (Scanning Electron Miscroscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)) were the determination of the mineralogical composition of furnace batches and smelting temperatures and conditions. In soils, the anthropogenic phases enriched in Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, P, and primary minerals like goethite, ferrihydrite, sphalerite, galena, smithsonite, minrecordite, cerussite, gypsum, anglesite, jarosite, and hemimorphite were identified. The soil from former metallurgical settlements contained up to 1106 mg·kg−1 Pb, 782 mg·kg−1 Zn, 4.7 mg·kg−1 Cd in the fine fraction. Much higher heavy metal concentrations were observed in the waste products of ore rinsing, up to 49,282 mg·kg−1 Pb, 64,408 mg·kg−1 Zn, and 287 mg·kg−1 Cd. The medieval smelting industry and Pb-Ag-Zn ore processing are marked by highly anomalous geochemical pollution (Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ba) in the topsoil. The methods of mineralogical investigation, such as SEM-EDS or EMPA, can be used to identify mineralogical phases formed during metallurgical processes or ore processing. Based on these methods, the characteristic primary assemblage and synthetic phases were identified in the area polluted by medieval metallurgy and mining of Pb-Ag-Zn ores, including MVT (Mississippi Valley Type) deposits. The minerals distinguished in slags and the structural features of metal-bearing aggregates allow us to conclude that batches have included mostly oxidised minerals (PbCO3, ZnCO3, CaZn(CO3)2, FeOOH), sulfides (PbS and ZnS) and quartz (SiO2). The laboratory experiment of high-temperature heating of the examined slags showed that smelting temperatures used in the second half of 13th century were very high and could have reached up to 1550 °C. The results indicate, that geochemical and mineralogical methods can be used to obtain important information from archaeological sites, even after archaeological work has long ceased.

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Ströbele, Florian, Thomas Wenzel, Andreas Kronz, Ludwig H. Hildebrandt, and Gregor Markl. "Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of high-medieval lead–silver smelting slags from Wiesloch near Heidelberg (Germany)—an approach to process reconstruction." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 30, 2010): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-010-0039-7.

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Janíčková, Kateřina, and Zdeněk Dolníček. "NÁLEZ HLINÍKEM BOHATÝCH SPINELIDŮ A KORUNDU VE STRUSKÁCH PO TAVBĚ STŘÍBRNÝCH RUD ZE STŘÍBRNÝCH HOR NA HAVLÍČKOBRODSKU." Geologické výzkumy na Moravě a ve Slezsku 22, no. 1-2 (January 18, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/gvms2015-1-2-52.

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This work deals with the unique association formed by spinelides and corundum in historical slag after smelting of silver ore from the site Stříbrné Hory in the Havlíčkův Brod Ore District. To study these phases, polarizing microscope and electron microprobe (WDX and EDX) were used. The slag consists primarily of glass and residual quartz, which also contained sillimanite needles. During smelting the quartz and sillimanite have been partially melted and aluminium-rich spinelides crystallized in the surrounding glass. Euhedral crystals of spinelides range 5 to 25 μm in size and are composed predominantly of hercynite (55–58 mol. %), to a lesser extent gahnite (21–24 mol. %), spinel (18–24 mol. %) and galaxite (4–5 mol. %). Corundum probably originated during the smelting from secondary mullite at temperatures around 1 300 °C. Corundum together with glass form a paramorphosis aft er sillimanite aggregate.

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Kapusta, Jaroslav, Zdeněk Dolníček, and Karel Malý. "FÁZOVÉ SLOŽENÍ STŘEDOVĚKÝCH STRUSEK PO TAVBĚ Pb-Ag RUD Z HUTNICKÉHO AREÁLU PLANDRY U JIHLAVY." Geologické výzkumy na Moravě a ve Slezsku 19, no. 1-2 (November 15, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/gvms2012-1-2-190.

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Slags after silver smelting from the metallurgical site Plandry near Jihlava were examined in order to assess the conditions of smelting and composition of the charge. Samples were studied by a polarizing microscope in transmitted and refl ected light and selected phases were analyzed using electron microprobe. Two different types of slag were specifi ed on the basis of their phase composition. The first is made up of glass, olivine, and sulphides. In the second type, olivine and glass predominate and spinelide, K-Ba-feldspar, leucite, and sulphides are present in less quantity. Sulphides are present as droplets formed by the Cu-Fe-S matrix with inclusions of shandite, sphalerite, and an unknown Cu-Pb-S phase. Slag contains also relicts of unmelted quartz and chromspinel. The presence of Fe3+ in newly formed spinelide reflects at least partially oxic conditions during melting. The mesothermal type of ore with gangue formed by quartz, barite, and carbonate of the dolomite-ankerite series was probably processed. Low contents of lead in glass as well as low volume of Pb-Ag-bearing sulphides reflect good yield of metals of interest (Pb, Ag). Slags represent a potential environmental hazard due to relatively high contents of Zn (up to 6.6 wt. % ZnO in the glass).

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Murakami, Ryu, Jun Takada, Toshiyuki Torigoe, Iwao Matsumoto, Yoshio Toya, Shouji Morioka, Haruo Oguni, Hiromi Endou, and Ken-ichi Nakada. "Dressing Technology for the Silver Ore in “Iwami” Silver Mine Site, Japan." MRS Proceedings 712 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-712-ii8.1.

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ABSTRACTIn the early modern age Japan was a kingdom rich in metal resources. A lot of gold, silver and copper were produced and exported to foreign countries, nevertheless Japan maintained a national isolation policy. The Iwami silver mine located in Shimane prefecture was the representative silver mine that prospered most. It produced about 10 % of the world's silver output. It is now mostly abandoned and reduced to ruins. Only a famous picture scroll remains to indicate its real activities. Through archaeological excavation started in 1983, it is becoming clear that extensive remains of mining and smelting are preserved. From 1996 scientific investigation of the excavated remains has been conducted. During excavation, and confirmed by scientific research, we recognized that the artifacts deposited during both the mining of the silver ore and the smelting process could be classified into two artifactual types; objects and fragments produced in the dressing process that were not influenced by a heating process and objects influenced by a heating process and produced by smelting and refining. The low grade ore, waste and tailings (remains after gravity concentration) that were scrapped in the dressing process are included in the former type, and the furnace fragments for smelting and refining, tuyeres (blast pipes) and slag and other smelter remains are of the latter type. The waste and tailings scrapped in the dressing process have not previously been studied. This study aimed at systematically investigating the dressing technology and estimating the ore grade through the evaluation of the range of variation in the waste and tailings left as scrap in the dressing process. The analytical results revealed the actual activities practiced at the Iwami silver mine in the dressing process.

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Freestone, I. C., A. P. Middleton, P. T. Craddock, L. K. Gurjar, and D. R. Hook. "Role of Materials Analysis in the Reconstruction of Early Metal Extraction Technology: Zinc and Silver-Lead Smelting at Zawar, Rajasthan." MRS Proceedings 185 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-185-617.

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AbstractMicroscopy and elemental analysis of ore, slag, ceramic and ash from a major metallurgical site have allowed insights into the ancient processes. Constraints have been placed on raw materials and smelting conditions, and aspects of technological change and development have been recognised.

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Wood, Jonathan, and Yi-Ting Hsu. "An Archaeometallurgical Explanation for the Disappearance of Egyptian and Near Eastern Cobalt-Blue Glass at the end of the Late Bronze Age." Internet Archaeology, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.52.3.

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A recent compositional study of Egyptian cobalt-blue glass from museum collections in Japan (18th Dynasty) and from the site of Dahshur (18th and 19th-20th Dynasties) concluded that a new source of cobalt was exploited for the later Dahshur glass, thereby suggesting that glass production continued into the Ramesside period (Abe et al. 2012). It is shown in the current article that some of this 18th Dynasty glass and the majority of the 19th-20th Dynasty glass had been recycled, not only supporting the general consensus that glass production virtually disappeared by 1250 BC, but that the cobalt source did not necessarily change. It is further proposed, however, that the generally accepted cobalt source for Egyptian glass was not the alum deposits of Egypt's Western Desert, but derived from cobaltiferous siliceous ores, possibly from central Iran. Re-analysis of the compositions of cobalt-blue glass frit found at Amarna, as well as Egyptian and Mesopotamian glass, suggests that the cobalt colourant was a by-product of silver extraction from these ores and can therefore be considered as a concentrated cobalt glass slag, which travelled in the form of a frit to glass producers who added it to locally derived base glasses and/or their precursors. Experiments conducted on ore containing cobalt-nickel arsenides with native silver demonstrate that not only can silver be extracted and that concentrated cobalt glass can be produced simply by adding a flux, but that some components of the ore partition preferentially into the silver or the glass slag, thereby weakening their associations with the other components in archaeological glass. Treating the cobalt-blue colourant as a slag composed of the gangue of a smelting system provides an explanation for the unique elevated levels of alumina and lower levels of potash found in cobalt-blue glasses, as well as providing an explanation for the cessation of cobalt exploitation at the end of the Late Bronze Age. It is suggested that the exhaustion of native silver and siliceous silver ore deposits during the Bronze Age, with argentiferous lead ores becoming the main source of silver, depleted the amount of cobalt available, thereby reducing the amount of glass produced which, in turn, led to increases in recycling during the New Kingdom period.

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Ingo, G. M., T. Agus, R. Ruggeri, A. Amore Bonapasta, G. Bultrini, and G. Chiozzini. "Lead and Silver Production in the Montevecchio Basin (Western Sardinia, Italy)." MRS Proceedings 462 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-462-411.

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ABSTRACTLead slags and lead pieces, chronologically related to the Punic and Roman periods (IV BC - II AC), have been found at Bocche di Sciria, in the basin of the Montevecchio mine (south-western Sardinia, Italy). Furthermore, along the coast of this area over than 20 Punic and Roman shipwrecks with charges of lead ingots have been found. These materials indicate intense pyrometallurgical activities and the presence of metal production centres very close to the metal ore deposits. The microchemical studies of the slags have shown that they can be associated to a smelting process for lead and silver production. Furthermore, lead isotope analysis has been carried out for lead ores from Montevecchio and for the lead slags, litharge, lead pieces found there. The results for lead ores are in good agreement with literature and the scatter of data for slags, litharge and lead pieces suggest to rule out a lead isotope fractionation in ancient lead and silver production.

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Kapusta, Jaroslav, Kateřina Janíčková, Zdeněk Dolníček, and Karel Malý. "SULFIDICKÉ FÁZE VE STŘEDOVĚKÝCH STRUSKÁCH PO TAVBĚ Ag RUD V JIHLAVSKÉM A HAVLÍČKOBRODSKÉM RUDNÍM REVÍRU." Geologické výzkumy na Moravě a ve Slezsku 21, no. 1-2 (December 5, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/gvms2014-1-2-94.

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Sulphide phases were studied in glassy and crystalline slags after smelting of polymetallic ores from the Jihlava and the Havlíčkův Brod Ore Districts. Sulphides usually form droplets from μm to mm in diameter. They exhibit complex composition with prevalence of pyrrhotite and sphalerite. Rudashevskyite (Fe,Zn)S occurs as a result of isomorphic substitution of Fe by Zn. Cu was rarely identified as native metal but usually it represents an admixture in a Cu-Fe-S phase with stoichiometry close to bornite. Pb is mainly present as galena or lead monoxide. Native silver as well as Ba-analogon of apatite were also identifi ed. For evaluation of potential release of heavy metals due to the preferential dissolution of sulphides and metallic phases, leaching tests in aqueous solution of sodium acetate were carried out. Data from leaching tests were compared with limit values defined by USEPA (1994) for solid wastes. The limit values were not exceeded only in case of Cd and As. The limit for Pb was exceeded in all cases except for one sample. For assessing of Zn and Cu limits for acute toxicity defi ned for aquatic habitats (USEPA 2006) were used; the obtained concentrations in leachates were several orders of magnitude higher.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Silver smelting slag'

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