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Journal articles on the topic 'Silymarin/ Silibinin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Jiang, Hui-Hui, Fa-Shun Yan, Liang Shen, and Hong-Fang Ji. "Silymarin versus Silibinin: Differential Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects against H2O2-induced Oxidative Stress in PC12 Cells." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 5 (2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100520.

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The present study assessed comparatively the antioxidant activities of silymarin and its major active component silibinin and their neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. It was found that despite newly prepared silymarin and silibinin solution possessing comparable superoxide anion (O2.–)-scavenging activities, with time the activity of silymarin lowered slightly, but that of silibinin decreased dramatically. Both silymarin and silibinin suppressed H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and the neuroprotectiv

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2

Rakelly de Oliveira, Dayanne, Saulo Relison Tintino, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais Braga, et al. "In VitroAntimicrobial and Modulatory Activity of the Natural Products Silymarin and Silibinin." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/292797.

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Silymarin is a standardized extract from the dried seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianumL. Gaertn.) clinically used as an antihepatotoxic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of silymarin and its major constituent (silibinin) against different microbial strains and their modulatory effect on drugs utilized in clinical practice. Silymarin demonstrated antimicrobial activity of little significance against the bacterial strains tested, with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 512 µg/mL. Meanwhile, silibinin showed significant

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Kang, Min Kyung, Soo Kyung Bae, Jin Wan Kim, and Myung Gull Lee. "Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Oltipraz and Silymarin in Rats." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j38c7w.

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ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between oltipraz and silymarin after intravenous and oral administration of both drugs to male Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: Oltipraz (single doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg for intravenous and oral administration, respectively), silymarin (single doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for intravenous and oral administration, respectively, and 14 days oral administration of 100 mg/kg), alone and together were administered to control rats. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of oltipraz did not significantly altered by silymarin. However, after int

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Duan, Wentao, Zexian Ou, Yuxing Huang, et al. "Silibinin Inhibits Cell Ferroptosis and Ferroptosis-Related Tissue Injuries." Antioxidants 12, no. 12 (2023): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122119.

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Ferroptosis is involved in various tissue injuries including neurodegeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and acute liver injury. Ferroptosis inhibitors exhibit promising clinical potential in the treatment of various diseases. As a traditional chemical, silymarin has been widely used in healthcare and clinical applications to treat liver injuries in which ferroptosis is involved. Silibinin is the main active ingredient of silymarin. However, the effect of silibinin on ferroptosis and ferroptosis-related diseases remains unclear. Here, we found that silibinin inhibited death in different ki

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Kadoglou, Nikolaos P. E., Chrystalla Panayiotou, Michail Vardas, et al. "A Comprehensive Review of the Cardiovascular Protective Properties of Silibinin/Silymarin: A New Kid on the Block." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (2022): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050538.

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Silibinin/silymarin has been used in herbal medicine for thousands of years and it is well-known for its hepato-protective properties. The present comprehensive literature review aimed to critically summarize the pharmacological properties of silymarin extract and its main ingredient silibinin in relation to classical cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes mellitus, etc.). We also assessed their potential protective and/or therapeutic application in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), based on experimental and clinical studies. Pre-clinical studies including in vitro tests or animal models ha

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Milić, Nataša, Nataša Milošević, Ljiljana Suvajdžić, Marija Žarkov, and Ludovico Abenavoli. "New Therapeutic Potentials of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 12 (2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801236.

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Silymarin is a bioflavonoid complex extract derived from dry seeds of Milk thistle [( Silybum marianum(L.) Gaernt. (Fam. Asteraceae/Compositaceae)] whose hepatoprotective effect has clinically been proved. Low toxicity, favorable pharmacokinetics, powerful antioxidant, detoxifying, preventive, protective and regenerative effects and side effects similar to placebo make silymarin extremely attractive and safe for therapeutic use. The medicinal properties of silymarin and its main component silibinin have been studied in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sepsis, burns, o

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AKBEL, Erten, İbrahim BULDUK, and Funda KARABAĞ. "Developing Rp-Hplc Method and Determination in Vitro Cytotoxicity of Silymarin Obtained From Silybum marinum Plant." MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 9, Special Issue (2024): 899–906. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13939065.

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The Asteraceae family's <em>Silybum marinum</em> plant, commonly known as thistle, yields silymarin in its seeds. A frequently employed hepato-protective treatment for conditions like cirrhosis, fatty liver due to alcohol and hazardous chemicals, and hepatitis is silymarin. Conventional milk thistle extract is derived from seeds containing a silymarin content of 4-6%. The extract has 20–35% fatty acids, including linoleic acid, and 65–80% silymarin (a flavonolignan complex). Silymarin constitutes a complex blend of polyphenolic compounds that also contains a flavonoid (taxifolin) a

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Shiri, Sabah, Naser Abbasi, Kamal Alizadeh, and Elahe Karimi. "Novel and green synthesis of a nanopolymer and its use as a drug delivery system of silibinin and silymarin extracts in the olfactory ensheathing cells of rats in normal and high-glucose conditions." RSC Advances 9, no. 67 (2019): 38912–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05608d.

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A schematic of a new synthesized nanopolymer (CGONP) and its use as a drug delivery system of silibinin and silymarin extract in the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) of rats in normal and high-glucose conditions.

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9

Verdura, Sara, Elisabet Cuyàs, Verónica Ruiz-Torres, et al. "Lung Cancer Management with Silibinin: A Historical and Translational Perspective." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (2021): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060559.

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The flavonolignan silibinin, the major bioactive component of the silymarin extract of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seeds, is gaining traction as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic. Here, we review the historical developments that have laid the groundwork for the evaluation of silibinin as a chemopreventive and therapeutic agent in human lung cancer, including translational insights into its mechanism of action to control the aggressive behavior of lung carcinoma subtypes prone to metastasis. First, we summarize the evidence from chemically induced primary lung tumors supporting a role for sil

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Ahmadi, Yasin, Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian, and Mojdeh Mohammadi. "Silibinin and Nano-silibinin in Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Behavioral and Biochemical Investigation." Current Drug Therapy 16, no. 5 (2021): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885517666211216161317.

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Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that brain tissue in MS is exposed to oxidative stress during the disease period. Silymarin, a plant-derived flavonoid, can be extracted from Silybum marianum. The current experiment aimed to explore the effects of silibinin and especially nano-silibinin on neurobehavioral activity and biochemical antioxidant parameters in the cuprizone model of demyelination in mice for the first time. Methods: Demyelination was induced in mice by oral consumption of

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Yang, Zongguo, Liping Zhuang, Yunfei Lu, Qingnian Xu, and Xiaorong Chen. "Effects and Tolerance of Silymarin (Milk Thistle) in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/941085.

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Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of silymarin on chronic hepatitis C virus- (HCV-) infected patients.Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of silymarin in chronic HCV-infected patients up to April 1, 2014 were systematically identified in PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases.Results.A total of 222 and 167 patients in five RCTs were randomly treated with silymarin (or intravenous silibinin) and placebo, respectively. Serum HCV RNA relatively decreased in patients treated with silymarin compared with those administered with placebo, b

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Khobzei, K. M., and V. M. Bilonoh. "Psoriasis and metabolically associated liver disease. Justification of hepatotropic therapy in complex therapy of patients with psoriasis." Ukrainian Journal of Dermatology, Venerology, Cosmetology, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/ujdvk2023-3-25.

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Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by an increased risk of several comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD). The effect of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance worsens the condition of the liver, and liver disorders negatively affect the course of psoriatic disease.In our research, we studied the effect of additional use of the standard hepatoprotector silymarin and the modern phytosomal complex silibinin in combination with soy phospholipids to local GCS therapy.

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Lim, Je-Oh, Na-Rae Shin, Yun-Soo Seo, et al. "Silibinin Attenuates Silica Dioxide Nanoparticles-Induced Inflammation by Suppressing TXNIP/MAPKs/AP-1 Signaling." Cells 9, no. 3 (2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030678.

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Silica dioxide nanoparticles (SiONPs) have been applied to several fields, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. However, SiONPs are a constituent of fine dust and can induce excessive inflammatory responses in the lungs via the airways. Silibinin, a major component of silymarin, has been known for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we explored the protective effects of silibinin against SiONPs-induced airway inflammation and explored its underlying mechanism of action, focusing on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (M

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14

Esselun, Carsten, Bastian Bruns, Stephanie Hagl, Rekha Grewal, and Gunter P. Eckert. "Differential Effects of Silibinin A on Mitochondrial Function in Neuronal PC12 and HepG2 Liver Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (November 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1652609.

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The Mediterranean plant Silybum marianum L., commonly known as milk thistle, has been used for centuries to treat liver disorders. The flavonolignan silibinin represents a natural antioxidant and the main bioactive ingredient of silymarin (silybin), a standard extract of its seeds. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the associated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in the development of chronic liver and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Silibinin A (SIL A) is one of two diastereomers found in silymarin and was used to evaluate the effects of silymarin on mi

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Priyanka Sudhakar Somkuwar, Isha Rajesh Singh, and Achal Dilip Rahate. "Milk thistle as liver cleanser." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (2024): 063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.20.2.0812.

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This present review is focused on medicinal importance of milk thistle.it is a gold medicinal herb in traditional folk medicine for treatment of liver diseases and other health benefits. Silymarin is active constituents of milk thistle mainly present seeds which contain three Flavonolignans viz. silychristin, silybinin, and silidianin. Milk thistle seed extract (silymarin) and its constituents (mainly silibinin) act as liver tonic, hepatoprotective, cirrhosis, treating liver poisoing and other health beneficial like in blood disease, mushroom poisoing, lactation etc. Milk thistle seed is very

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Koltai, Tomas, and Larry Fliegel. "Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 27 (January 2022): 2515690X2110688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x211068826.

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The flavonoid silymarin extracted from the seeds of Sylibum marianum is a mixture of 6 flavolignan isomers. The 3 more important isomers are silybin (or silibinin), silydianin, and silychristin. Silybin is functionally the most active of these compounds. This group of flavonoids has been extensively studied and they have been used as hepato-protective substances for the mushroom Amanita phalloides intoxication and mainly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatitis C progression is not, or slightly, modified by silymarin. Recently, it has also been

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Kim, Jung-Lye, Yun-Ho Kim, Min-Kyung Kang, Ju-Hyun Gong, Seoung-Jun Han, and Young-Hee Kang. "Antiosteoclastic Activity of Milk Thistle Extract after Ovariectomy to Suppress Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/919374.

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Bone integrity abnormality and imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts are known to result in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Silymarin-rich milk thistle extract (MTE) and its component silibinin enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts but reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity of osteoclasts. The osteoprotective effects of MTE were comparable to those of estrogenic isoflavone. Low-dose combination of MTE and isoflavone had a pharmacological synergy that may be useful for osteogenic activity. This study

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18

Jyoti, Thakur*. "An Overview on Pharmacological Activities of Silybum Marianum (Milk Thistle)." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 1820–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15385799.

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This review on S. marianum, a plant widely used in traditional European medicine, provides an account of its botany, the chemistry of silymarin, and its main constituent silybin, and other compounds; analytical methods for silymarin and its isomers; pharmacology of silymarin and silybin. For many years, milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been used as a herbal cure for a variety of illnesses. A complex blend of flavonolignans, including silibinin (silybin), silychristin, and silydianin, makes up the main active ingredient silymarin. In recent years, milk thistle leaves extract has been widely

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Fitzpatrick, Leo, Ella Mokrushin, George Talbott, and Tibebe Woldermariam. "In Vitro and Ex Vivo Effects of Silymarin Derivatives on Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion Using a Murine Colonic Strip Model." Planta Medica International Open 5, no. 02 (2018): e55-e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0733-3716.

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AbstractSilymarin has anti-inflammatory properties and documented anti-colitis activity. Our prior study determined that in vitro treatment with certain extracted fractions of silymarin inhibited stimulated proinflammatory cytokine secretion from cell lines relevant to colitis. In this study, colitis was induced in mice by giving dextran sulfate sodium drinking water for 6 days. The ex vivo effects of crude silymarin extract, two different silymarin fractions, as well as commercially derived silibinin and isosilibinin were examined by determining the secretion of MIP-2, TNF-α, and IL-17 in cel

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Katiyar, Santosh K., Anshu M. Roy, and Manjeshwar S. Baliga. "Silymarin induces apoptosis primarily through a p53-dependent pathway involving Bcl-2/Bax, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4, no. 2 (2005): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.207.4.2.

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Abstract Silymarin, a plant flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit skin carcinogenesis in mice. However, the mechanism responsible for the anti-skin carcinogenic effects of silymarin is not clearly understood. Here, we report that treatment of JB6 C141 cells (preneoplastic epidermal keratinocytes) and p53+/+ fibroblasts with silymarin and silibinin (a major constituent of silymarin) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in an identical manner. Silymarin-induced apoptosis was determined by fluorescence staining (8–64% apoptosis) and flow cytometry (1

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Gorhe, Ankita Arun, Abhijeet Kulkarni, Kandalkar Pallavi, and Jagtap Snehal. "Silymarin Loaded Novel Drug Delivery for Oral and Topical Administration." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3-s (2020): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4125.

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Silymarin is polyphenolic flavonoid obtained from the seeds of silybum marianum plant. It has various pharmacological properties such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, hypolipidemic properties. Silymarin has recently reported to be neuroprotective agent against neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer, Parkinson’s and cerebral ischemia. It contains eight active components, among which silibinin is the most active component. However, silymarin is BCS class II drug which having poor bioavailability due to extensive phase II metabolism, poor aqueous solubi

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Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Zahra Ahmadi, Reza Mohammadinejad, Tahereh Farkhondeh, and Saeed Samarghandian. "Nano-soldiers Ameliorate Silibinin Delivery: A Review Study." Current Drug Delivery 17, no. 1 (2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201816666191112113031.

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: Flavonoids are a large group of naturally occurring compounds, which are of interest due to their great pharmacological effects and health-promoting impacts. These properties have led to their extensive application in a variety of pathological conditions, particularly cancer. Flavonoids are used in large quantities in a human's daily diet and a high amount of flavonoids are found in the intestine after oral usage. However, flavonoid concentrations in tissue/plasma are low because of their low bioavailability, the leading to the low efficacy of flavonoids in different clinical disorders. For

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Qadir, Abdul, and PK Sahoo. "Silymarin: An account of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology." Journal of Phytopharmacology 10, no. 4 (2021): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2021.10408.

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Background: Silymarin exhibits inherent hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity caused by its control of free radicals (FR), which are produced by the hepatic metabolism of toxic chemicals such as C2H5OH, para-acetaminophen, or CCL4. 3464 types of research have been conducted on silymarin or its formulations. Out of these researches, 43 clinical studies on silymarin and 21 on the Milk thistle have been enrolled and conducted the clinical study. Thus, silymarin became a breakthrough in treating hepatotoxicity due to medicines. Aim and objective: Our aim is to review the phytochemistry and pha

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Zhang, Xiang, Zhenghao Jiang, Xiaoliang Jin, and Qiujun Zhou. "Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine combined with Silibinin on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review." Medicine 103, no. 5 (2024): e37052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037052.

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Background: The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with Silibinin in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still inconclusive. This meta-analysis intends to evaluation to explore the clinical efficacy and quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicine in combination with Silymarin in the treatment of NAFLD, aiming to aims to provide evidence-based data analysis for researchers and clinical practitioners involved in TCM research for NAFLD, with the hope of facilitating wider adoption and application Methods: In this meta-analysis, we s

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Arghidash, Faezeh, Fatemeh Gheybi, Hamid Gholamhosseinian, Prashant Kesharwani, and Amirhossein Sahebkar. "Radioprotective and radiosensitizing properties of silymarin/silibinin in response to ionizing radiation." Pathology - Research and Practice 270 (June 2025): 156002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2025.156002.

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Stoiljkovic, Zora, Slobodan Petrovic, and Biljana Ilic. "Examination of localization of silymarin and fatty oil in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. fruit." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 13, no. 2 (2007): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0702055s.

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Physical characteristics and localization of flavonoids and fatty oil in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. fruit of different origin were examined. Physical characteristics of the fruit were determined by its origin, and samples cultivated on plantations were, concerning their colour, shine, shape and size, very similar to those they originated from. By examination of the fruit size, we wanted to give our contribution to the choice of adequate equipment for picking, cleaning and packing of the fruit. Using a suitable mechanical procedure, the separation of the fruit into its inner part (endosperm)

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Orhan, Ilkay, Murat Kartal, Fatma Tosun, and Bilge Şener. "Screening of Various Phenolic Acids and Flavonoid Derivatives for their Anticholinesterase Potential." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 11-12 (2007): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-11-1210.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioural changes. The oldest, on which most currently available drug therapies are based, is known as the “cholinergic hypothesis” and suggests that AD begins as a deficiency in the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Therefore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors have gained a great popularity for the treatment of AD

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Deep, G., R. P. Singh, C. Agarwal, D. J. Kroll, and R. Agarwal. "Silymarin and silibinin cause G1 and G2–M cell cycle arrest via distinct circuitries in human prostate cancer PC3 cells: a comparison of flavanone silibinin with flavanolignan mixture silymarin." Oncogene 25, no. 7 (2005): 1053–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209146.

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D'Andrea, Vanesa, Leonardo M. Pérez, and Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi. "Inhibition of rat liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase by silymarin and the metabolite silibinin-glucuronide." Life Sciences 77, no. 6 (2005): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.01.011.

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Fernandes Veloso Borges, Flávio, Carolina Ribeiro e Silva, Wanessa Moreira Goes, et al. "Protective Effects of Silymarin and Silibinin against DNA Damage in Human Blood Cells." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6056948.

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Silymarin (SM), a standardized extract derived fromSilybum marianum(L.) Gaertn, is primarily composed of flavonolignans, with silibinin (SB) as its major active constituent. The present study aimed to evaluate the antigenotoxic activities of SM and SB using the alkaline comet assay in whole blood cells and to assess their effects on the expression of genes associated with carcinogenesis and chemopreventive processes. Different concentrations of SM or SB (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/ml) were used in combination with the DNA damage-inducing agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 800μM) to evaluate th

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Surai, Peter F., Anton Surai, and Katie Earle-Payne. "Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts." Antioxidants 13, no. 1 (2024): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010098.

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Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans and animals. However, when inflammation resolution is delayed or compromised as a result of its misregulation, the process proceeds from the acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading to the development of various chronic illnesses. It is proven that redox balance disturbances and oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB and leading to over-inflammation. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory properties of various nat

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Gioti, Katerina, Anastasia Papachristodoulou, Dimitra Benaki, et al. "Silymarin Enriched Extract (Silybum marianum) Additive Effect on Doxorubicin-Mediated Cytotoxicity in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells." Planta Medica 85, no. 11/12 (2019): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0954-6704.

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AbstractSilymarin-enriched extract (SEE) is obtained from Silybum marianum (Asteraceae). Doxorubicin (DXR) is a widely used chemotherapeutical yet with severe side effects. The goal of the present study was to assess the pharmacologic effect of SEE and its bioactive components silibinin and silychristine when administrated alone or in combination with DXR in the human prostate cancer cells (PC-3). PC-3 cells were treated with SEE, silibinin (silybins A and B), silychristine, alone, and in combination with DXR, and cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and aut

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Chang, Jen-Chih, Yu-Tse Wu, Wen-Chuan Lee, Lie-Chwen Lin, and Tung-Hu Tsai. "Herb–drug interaction of silymarin or silibinin on the pharmacokinetics of trazodone in rats." Chemico-Biological Interactions 182, no. 2-3 (2009): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.005.

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Romanucci, Valeria, Rita Pagano, Antonio Lembo, et al. "Phosphodiester Silybin Dimers Powerful Radical Scavengers: A Antiproliferative Activity on Different Cancer Cell Lines." Molecules 27, no. 5 (2022): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051702.

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Silibinin is the main biologically active component of silymarin extract and consists of a mixture 1:1 of two diastereoisomeric flavonolignans, namely silybin A (1a) and silybin B (1b), which we call here silybins. Despite the high interest in the activity of this flavonolignan, there are still few studies that give due attention to the role of its stereochemistry and, there is still today a strong need to investigate in this area. In this regard, here we report a study concerning the radical scavenger ability and the antiproliferative activity on different cell lines, both of silybins and pho

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Šimánek, V., N. Škottová, J. Bartek, et al. "Extract from Silybum marianum as a nutraceutical: a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy young men." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 3 (2013): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6585-cjfs.

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In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effect of an extract from Silybum marianum seeds (ESM, milk thistle extract) on lipid and liver parameters and the antioxidant capacity of serum was investigated in 29 healthy men aged 18&ndash;32 years. They received either 858 mg of ESM (531 mg silymarin complex calculated on pure silibinin), or placebo, daily for the period of 60&nbsp;days. No side effects were found. A routine biochemical analysis of the serum was performed as a measure of lipid and liver metabolism. Positive trend towards decreased serum cholesterol leve

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Yamasaki, Keishi, Hiroki Sato, Saori Minagoshi, et al. "The Binding of Silibinin, the Main Constituent of Silymarin, to Site I on Human Serum Albumin." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 40, no. 3 (2017): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b16-00790.

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Shen, Liang, Lu Liu, Xin-Yu Li, and Hong-Fang Ji. "Regulation of gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease mice by silibinin and silymarin and their pharmacological implications." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, no. 17 (2019): 7141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09950-5.

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Basiglio, Cecilia L., Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi, Aldo D. Mottino, and Marcelo G. Roma. "Differential effects of silymarin and its active component silibinin on plasma membrane stability and hepatocellular lysis." Chemico-Biological Interactions 179, no. 2-3 (2009): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.12.008.

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Deep, Gagan, Komal Raina, Rana P. Singh, Nicholas H. Oberlies, David J. Kroll, and Rajesh Agarwal. "Isosilibinin inhibits advanced human prostate cancer growth in athymic nude mice: Comparison with silymarin and silibinin." International Journal of Cancer 123, no. 12 (2008): 2750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23879.

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Horablaga, Adina, Alina Şibu (Ciobanu), Corina Iuliana Megyesi та ін. "Estimation of the Controlled Release of Antioxidants from β-Cyclodextrin/Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) or Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.), Asteraceae, Hydrophilic Extract Complexes through the Fast and Cheap Spectrophotometric Technique". Plants 12, № 12 (2023): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12122352.

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This is the first study on the modeling of the controlled release of the estimated antioxidants (flavonoids or flavonolignans) from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/hydrophilic vegetable extract complexes and the modeling of transdermal pharmaceutical formulations based on these complexes using an overall estimation by the spectrophotometric method. The Korsmeyer–Peppas model was chosen for evaluating the release mechanisms. β-CD/chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L., Asteraceae) ethanolic extract and β-CD/milk thistle (Silybum marianum L., Asteraceae) ethanolic extract complexes were obtained by the co-cr

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Pár, Alajos, Erzsébet Rőth, Attila Miseta, et al. "Effects of silymarin supplementation in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. A placebo-controlled double blind study." Orvosi Hetilap 150, no. 2 (2009): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2009.28517.

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Mivel az oxidatív stressz patogenetikai szerepet játszik krónikus C-hepatitisben, és az antivirális terápiára való tartós virológiai válasz korlátozott HCV1 genotípus fertőzésben, kettős vakvizsgálatban tanulmányoztuk a pegilált interferon + ribavirin kezelésben részesült betegekben az antioxidáns flavonoid silymarin szupportációjának hatását. Betegek és módszerek: 32 naiv krónikus C-hepatitises beteget pegilált interferon + ribavirin kezelés előtt random két csoportba osztottunk. A) csoport: 16 beteg placebót, B) csoport: 16 beteg naponta per os 2 × 166 mg silymarint kapott 3 hónapig, a beteg

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Ezhilarasan, Devaraj, and Thangavelu Lakshmi. "A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (May 11, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9233650.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines fat accumulation in the liver, and it is commonly associated with metabolic syndromes like diabetes and obesity. Progressive NAFLD leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH is currently a frequent cause of liver transplantation. Oxidative stress is often contributed to the progression of NAFLD, and hence, antioxidants such as silymarin, silybin, or silibinin, pentoxifylline, resveratrol, and vitamins A, C, and E are used in clinical trials against NAFLD. Silymarin induces

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Täger, Michael, Jörn Dietzmann, Ute Thiel, Klaus Hinrich Neumann, and Siegfried Ansorge. "Restoration of the cellular thiol status of peritoneal macrophages from CAPD patients by the flavonoids silibinin and silymarin." Free Radical Research 34, no. 2 (2001): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10715760100300131.

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Chevaliez, S., A. Ahmed-Belkacem, A. Soulier, et al. "744 IN VIVO AND IN VITRO RESISTANCE TO SILIBININ, A COMPONENT OF SILYMARIN AND POTENT INHIBITOR OF HCV REPLICATION." Journal of Hepatology 52 (April 2010): S289—S290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(10)60746-5.

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Binienda, Agata, Sylwia Ziolkowska, and Elzbieta Pluciennik. "The Anticancer Properties of Silibinin: Its Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Effect in Breast Cancer." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 15 (2020): 1787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520620666191220142741.

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Background: Silibinin (SB), the main component of Silymarin (SM), is a natural substance obtained from the seeds of the milk thistle. SM contains up to 70% of SB as two isoforms: A and B. It has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on hepatocytes and is known to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and curb angiogenesis. SB has demonstrated activity against many cancers, such as skin, liver, lung, bladder, and breast carcinomas. Methods: his review presents current knowledge of the use of SM in breast cancer, this being one of the most common types of cancer in women. It descri

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Rad, Z. Mahmoudi, H. Nourafcan, N. Mohebalipour, A. Assadi, and S. Jamshidi. "EFFECT OF SALICYLLC ACID FOLIAR APPLICATION ON PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILYBUM MARIANUM." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 1 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i1.1236.

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Silybum marianum (L.), is an important herbal medicine. Silymarin, the active component obtained from its edible seeds, is known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This research was aimed to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) at four concentrations of 1250, 2500, 5000 and 10000 μmol l-1 on the improvement of phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Significant increase was found in the content of silibinin, silybin A and silybin B in plants treated with increasing concentrations of salicylic acid. The antioxidant activity was im

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Bhatia, Neehar, Jifu Zhao, Douglas M. Wolf, and Rajesh Agarwal. "Inhibition of human carcinoma cell growth and DNA synthesis by silibinin, an active constituent of milk thistle: comparison with silymarin." Cancer Letters 147, no. 1-2 (1999): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00276-1.

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Yassin, Nour Y. S., Sameh F. AbouZid, Asmaa M. El-Kalaawy, Tarek M. Ali, Basem H. Elesawy та Osama M. Ahmed. "Tackling of Renal Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats by Silybum marianum Total Extract, Silymarin, and Silibinin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Nrf2, PPARγ, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (30 вересня 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7665169.

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The present work was designed to assess the efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally induced renal carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and their roles in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-administered rats were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg b.w.), Sm (150 mg/kg b.w.), and Sb (5 mg/kg b.w.) every other day either from the 1st week or from the 16th week of carcinogen administration to the end of 25th we

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Tyagi, A., K. Raina, R. P. Singh, et al. "Chemopreventive effects of silymarin and silibinin on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male ICR mice." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 6, no. 12 (2007): 3248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2006.

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Esselun, Carsten, Bastian Bruns, Stephanie Hagl, Rekha Grewal, and Gunter P. Eckert. "Impact of Silibinin A on Bioenergetics in PC12APPsw Cells and Mitochondrial Membrane Properties in Murine Brain Mitochondria." Antioxidants 10, no. 10 (2021): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101520.

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Age-related multifactorial diseases, such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD), still remain a challenge to today’s society. One mechanism associated with AD and aging in general is mitochondrial dysfunction (MD). Increasing MD is suggested to trigger other pathological processes commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Silibinin A (SIL) is the main bioactive compound of the Silymarin extract from the Mediterranean plant Silybum marianum (L.) (GAERTN/Compositae). It is readily available as a herbal drug and well established in the treatment of liver diseases as a poten

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