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1
Walker, Dan. St. Mary's Parish records, 1858-1900 & St. Mary's cemetery, Windham Township, Norfolk County. Delhi [Ont.]: NorSim Rsch & Pub., 1997.
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2
Ladouceur, Denise. Tombstone inscriptions in Wyevale Community Cemetery, Lot 12, Con. IV, Tiny Twp., Wyevale, Ontario (Simcoe County), 1894-2004. Midland, ON: D. Ladouceur, 2005.
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3
Ladouceur, Denise. Midland 125 cemetery project: Tombstone inscriptions in St. Mark's Anglican Cemetery, Yonge Street, Midland, Ontario (Simcoe County), 1909-2004. [Midland, Ont.?]: D. and J. Ladouceur, 2004.
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4
Ladouceur, Denise. Midland 125 cemetery project: Tombstone inscriptions in St. Margaret's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Yonge Street, Midland, Ontario (Simcoe County), 1892-2004. Midland, Ont: D. Ladouceur, 2004.
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5
Ladouceur, Denise. Tombstone inscriptions in Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd, 8166 Highway 93, Wyebridge, Ontario (Simcoe County), 1866-2004. Midland, Ont: D. Ladouceur, 2005.
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6
Ladouceur, Denise. Tombstone inscriptions in St. John's Roman Catholic Cemetery: Part of Lot 10, Concession 10, (Highway 12), Waubaushene, Township of Tay, Simcoe County, Ontario, 1887-2004. [Midland, Ont.?]: D. & J. Ladouceur, 2004.
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7
Wetering, Ernst. Rembrandt. The Painter Thinking. Edited by Wardy Poelstra. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462981522.
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Even during the artist's lifetime, contemporary art lovers considered Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) to be an exceptional artist. In this revelatory sequel to the acclaimed Rembrandt: The Painter at Work, renowned Rembrandt authority Ernst van de Wetering investigates the painter's considerations that determined the striking changes in his development from an early age onwards. This gorgeously illustrated book explores how Rembrandt achieved mastery by systematic exploration of the 'foundations of the art of painting'. According to written sources from the seventeenth century, which were largely misinterpreted until now, these 'foundations' were considered essential at that time. From his first endeavours in painting, Rembrandt embarked on a journey past these foundations, thus becoming the 'pittore famoso', whom Count Cosimo the Medici visited at the end of his life. Rembrandt never stopped searching for solutions to the pictorial problems that confronted him; this led over time to radical changes that cannot simply be attributed to stylistic evolution or natural development. In a quest as rigorous and novel as the artist's, Van de Wetering reveals how Rembrandt became the revolutionary painter that would continue to fascinate the art world. This ground breaking exploration reconstructs Rembrandt's theories and methods, shedding new light both on the artist's exceptional accomplishments and on the theory and practice of painting in the Dutch Golden Age. Everyone who is interested in the art of painting should read this phenomenal book, because it was written with incredible knowledge and experience on the subject. It shows in a clear and simple way how Rembrandt worked and the things he had to take into account. At the same time it offers a fantastic sample of Rembrandt's life's work, thanks to the well-chosen selection of illustrations. David Rijser, NRC Handelsblad
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Traviglia, Arianna, Lucio Milano, Cristina Tonghini, and Riccardo Giovanelli. Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-517-9.
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It is a well-known fact that organized crime has developed into an international network that, spanning from the simple ‘grave diggers’ up to powerful and wealthy white-collar professionals, makes use of money laundering, fraud and forgery. This criminal chain, ultimately, damages and dissipates our cultural identity and, in some cases, even fosters terrorism or civil unrest through the illicit trafficking of cultural property.The forms of ‘possession’ of Cultural Heritage are often blurred; depending on the national legislation of reference, the ownership and trade of historical and artistic assets of value may be legitimate or not. Criminals have always exploited these ambiguities and managed to place on the Art and Antiquities market items resulting from destruction or looting of museums, monuments and archaeological areas. Thus, over the years, even the most renowned museum institutions have - more or less consciously - hosted in their showcases cultural objects of illicit origin. Looting, thefts, illicit trade, and clandestine exports are phenomena that affect especially those countries rich in historical and artistic assets. That includes Italy, which has seen its cultural heritage plundered over the centuries ending up in public and private collections worldwide.This edited volume features ten papers authored by international experts and professionals actively involved in Cultural Heritage protection. Drawing from the experience of the Conference Stolen Heritage (Venice, December 2019), held in the framework of the NETCHER project, the book focuses on illicit trafficking in Cultural Property under a multidisciplinary perspective.The articles look at this serious issue and at connected crimes delving into a variety of fields. The essays especially expand on European legislation regulating import, export, trade and restitution of cultural objects; conflict antiquities and cultural heritage at risk in the Near and Middle East; looting activities and illicit excavations in Italy; the use of technologies to counter looting practices.The volume closes with two papers specifically dedicated to the thorny ethical issues arising from the publication of unprovenanced archaeological objects, and the relevance of accurate communication and openness about such topics.
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Vesco, Silvia. Spontanea maestria. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-426-4.
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The appearance of Dr Vesco’s translation and study of Hokusai’s Ryakuga haya oshie, together with a full reproduction of the original book, is a matter of great excitement in the field of Japanese Studies. Hokusai has been known in Europe and North America for some 150 years. In his own country, he came to public attention about 1800, with youthful work produced under the name of Shunrô. He lived to the advanced age of 88, and when he died in 1849, he was one of the best-known artists in Japan. He was soon to be the best-known Japanese artist in the West, a status that he probably still holds. ‘Under the Great Wave off Kanagawa’ – often referred to simply as ‘Hokusai’s Great Wave’ (from the Thirty-six View of Mt Fuji) – is said to be the most immediately-recognisable piece of graphic design worldwide. Hokusai was a townsman living in a socially stratified society. He was not a member of the elite, though other famous artists were. He did neither depict elite topics, nor work for elite clients. Rather, Hokusai associated with the ‘Floating World’ (ukiyo) that is Edo’s leisure-time distractions. He also made views of his city, its surroundings, and the wider Japanese countryside, but he was not a great traveller, other than in his mind. Rather unrecognised is what Dr Vesco now brings to our attention. Hokusai saw his role as promoting the practice of art. Of course, he had his students, but as we see here, Hokusai also published out-reach volumes, aimed at introducing the joys of picture-making to amateurs who were not being formally instructed. The lessons were easy to follow, and also fun, as he reduced people animals and plants to basic shapes and formulae. Starting with the auspicious subject of Tang lions (kara shishi), Hokusai leads us through a range of topics, down to the demotic, such as clothes washing. Readers today will certainly find a smile crossing their face as they look through the pictures. Thanks to Dr Vesco’s careful translations, we can also understand the advice and commentaries supplied in Hokusai’s accompanying texts. An additional feature of Dr Vesco’s work will be of assistance to more specialist readers, as she has transcribed the original Japanese. This was no simple task, as it is written in abbreviated calligraphy (kuzushiji). At all levels, readers, art enthusiasts and those who love to create pictures will now have access to Hokusai’s most important study aid. We can delve into it, copy from, and chuckle at, just as people did when the volumes first appeared. Western readers might ponder something else: Ryakuga haya oshie appeared in 1812, as European countries were tearing themselves apart.
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Revised by-laws of the corporation of the County of Simcoe: Containing the principal by-laws of the corporation (in force) up to December, 1877, with their amendments, those considered obsolete or not generally required for reference, not being included in this revise. Barrie [Ont.]: Northern Advance, 1993.
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11
Barbara, Berrigan, and Ontario Genealogical Society. Kingston Branch., eds. Horne Cemetery and Point Alexandria United Church Cemetery, Wolfe Island and Eves Family Plot, Simcoe Island: Wolfe Island Township, Frontenac County. Kingston, Ont: Kingston Branch, Ontario Genealogical Society, 2007.
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12
Bauman, Thomas. From Pillar to Post. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038365.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on the decline of the Pekin Theater after Robert T. Motts's death. Motts had died intestate. Chicago's Municipal Court assigned the settling of his estate to Judge Charles S. Cutting. The case seemed simple enough at first. Only one lawyer, Edward E. Wilson, represented all those who initially presented themselves as next of kin. But almost immediately another black lawyer, J. Gray Lucas, presented a suit on behalf of further claimants to the Motts fortune. This chapter first discusses the court hearings over Motts's estate that involved delving into his family history to rule on the contested claims of consanguinity. It then describes the problems faced by the Pekin, which it says were also being experienced by black-owned theaters and road shows around the country in 1912, even as the Pekin still possessed one unique and indelible asset—its name, and the “race sentiment” it continued to evoke. It also considers the Pekin's revival of Captain Rufus, along with the theater's dark days for most of 1916.
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Johnson, Andre E. No Future in This Country. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496830708.001.0001.
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No Future in This Country: The Prophetic Pessimism of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner is a rhetorical history of the public career of Bishop Turner during a critical point in American history—from 1896-1915—the “nadir of race relations.” It was during this period in history that African Americans lost many of the gains during Reconstruction. During this period, America adopted the “separate but equal doctrine,” lynching of African Americans went unabated, the convict leasing systems were on the rise, and the Jim Crow era had begun. In response to this, many African American leaders produced racial uplift narratives that focused on respectability politics. No Future argues that Turner opposed racial uplift and respectability politics as a panacea for what ailed African Americans. His answer was simple—emigration to Africa. While Turner did not see any bright and glorious future for African Americans during this time, he never gave up hope that African Americans would someday use their own agency to carve out a better future for subsequent generations. No Future argues that Turner does this within the African American Prophetic tradition by focusing in on Turner’s use of prophetic pessimism. In short, while many African American leaders were celebrating how far they had come from slavery, Turner reminded them and the nation that they had not come that far—indeed, in many instances, with conditions continuing to worsen, many felt they were still trapped, if not by slavery itself, then surely the lingering effects of slavery.
14
Lippiatt, G. E. M. Duke of Narbonne and Count of Toulouse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805137.003.0007.
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Simon’s dynamism failed just as his crusade reached its zenith in the acquisition of the county of Toulouse. Though Simon’s introduction of French feudal patterns and antiheretical policies stood in stark contrast to the government of his Raymondine predecessors, their dynastic eminence offered more incentive to maintain iconographic continuity and cultivate ties with traditionally favoured abbeys. As in the viscounties, cultivation of local nobles, appointment of French followers to key posts, preservation of urban liberties, and patronage of Cistercians and bishops all undergirded Simon’s regime. But even with this broad base of support, Simon was finally undone by the southern resurgence that focused on the fatal exception to his characteristic urban lenience: Toulouse. His inability to accommodate the independence of his ostensible capital allowed it to serve as a rallying point for the disaffected aristocracy of the region, and it was before its walls that Simon met his bloody end.
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Kuiper, Gerhardus J. A. J. M., and Hugo ten Cate. Coagulation monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0266.
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Haemostasis is a dynamic process to stop bleeding after vessel wall damage. Platelets form a platelet plug via activation, adherence, and aggregation processes. The coagulation proteins are activated one-by-one, cascading towards fibrin polymerization, a process controlled by thrombin generation. Fibrinolysis is the process responsible for fibrin mesh degradation, which is also controlled by thrombin. Besides procoagulant proteins, anticoagulant proteins maintain a balance in the haemostatic system. Measuring platelet count and function can be done as part of the monitoring of haemostasis, while coagulation times are measured to assess the coagulation proteins. Degradation products of fibrin and lysis times give information about fibrinolysis. Point-of-care monitoring provides simple, rapid bedside testing for platelets and for whole blood using viscoelasticity properties. In trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) platelet counts and coagulation times are still common practice to evaluate haemostasis, but point-of-care measurements are being used more and more. Medication interfering with haemostasis is frequently used in intensive care unit patients. Each (group of) drug(s) has its own monitoring tests either based on classical or novel techniques.
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Trevor C, Hartley. Part IV Procedural and Systemic Issues, 21 Concurrent Proceedings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729006.003.0021.
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This chapter examines the way Brussels 2012 and Lugano 2007 deal with the situation in which the same claim is litigated before two courts in different countries. Since parallel proceedings are undesirable, it is generally accepted that some mechanism should be used to avoid them. The mechanism adopted by both Brussels and Lugano — Hague does not deal with the matter — is the doctrine of <i>lis pendens</i>. Under this, the court first seised hears the case and all other courts must give it up. It has the merit of being simple and objective, but it makes no attempt to ascertain which court would be more appropriate to hear the case. This latter question introduces an element of subjectivity, which can lead to uncertainty and lengthy litigation as to where litigation will take place. The chapter first discusses <i>lis pendens</i> (and similar procedures in the case of related actions). It then goes on to consider the effect of Brussels and Lugano on the common-law remedies of <i>forum non conveniens</i> and antisuit injunctions.
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Kelly, Christine. Juvenile Justice in Victorian Scotland. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427340.001.0001.
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This book explores the history of juvenile justice and the day industrial school movement in 19th-century Scotland. How did Scotland’s criminal justice system respond to marginalised street children who found themselves on the wrong side of the law, often for simple vagrancy or other minor offences? The book examines the historical criminalisation of Scotland’s Victorian children, as well as revealing the history and early success of the Scottish day industrial school movement - a philanthropic response to juvenile offending hailed as 'magic' in Charles Dickens’s Household Words. With case studies ranging from police courts to the High Court of Justiciary, the book offers a lively account of the way children experienced Scotland’s early juvenile justice system.
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Seligman, Adam B., and Robert P. Weller. How Things Count as the Same. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888718.001.0001.
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How do human beings craft enduring social groups and long-lasting relationships? Given the myriad differences that divide one individual from another, why do we recognize anyone as somehow sharing a common fate with us? How do we live in harmony with groups that may not share that sense of common fate? Such relationships lie at the heart of the problems of pluralism that increasingly face so many nations today. This book answers a seemingly simple question, which forms the core of how we constitute ourselves as groups and as individuals: What counts as the same? Note that “counting as” the same differs from “being” the same. Counting as the same is thus not an empirical question about how much or how little one person shares with another or one event shares with a previous event. Nevertheless, as humans we construct sameness all the time. In the process, of course, we also construct difference. Creating sameness and difference, however, leaves us with the perennial problem of how to live with difference instead of seeing it as a threat. In this book we suggest that there are multiple ways in which we can count things as the same and that each of them fosters different kinds of group dynamics and different sets of benefits and risks for the creation of plural societies. While there might be many ways to understand how people construct sameness, three seem especially important and form the focus of our analysis: we call them memory, mimesis, and metaphor.
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Knopp, Lothar, ed. Effektives Rechtsschutzgebot - deutsche Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit quo vadis? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298337.
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The stipulation of effective legal protection anchored in Germany’s Basic Law seems to have mutated into a pure chimera, especially in the country’s administrative courts. In stipulating appropriately long court procedures, the Basic Law often confronts legal protection seekers with excessively long proceedings, sometimes without the prospect of a timely judicial decision. This publication is dedicated to this subject, while at the same time showing the causes of and legal remedies for excessively long procedures. The focus of the examination lies on Brandenburg. In addition to addressing the theoretical foundations of effective legal protection in this regard, the study lists practical examples that unambiguously substantiate any violation of the stipulation for effective legal protection. In addition to presenting case developments from the administrative courts, the author not only discusses an example of a criminal justice case, but also makes a comparison between the situation in Germany in this respect and Polish law. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Lothar Knopp, Ass. iur. Louisa Linke, Ass. iur. Simone Herzberg/ Direktor am ZfRV Wolfgang Schröder, Mgr. Diana Stypula, LL.M.
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Clark, Nicola. ‘Yll name or fame’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784814.003.0005.
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This book has already shown that ‘family’ was not a simple thing for women. Which family, natal or marital, were they supposed to promote first and foremost, and what if they had to choose one above the other, or if interests clashed? The question of loyalties is one that is rarely formally considered, but it was brought sharply into focus for women at court during Henry VIII’s reign. Yet again, this rests on the way in which we define ‘a Howard woman’, and the elasticity of kinship. This chapter explores this from the perspective of the royal court, shedding new light on some well-known episodes and bringing out some of the difficulties faced by female Howard courtiers across this period.
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Arceneaux, Craig. Decentralized Administration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190934163.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 explores the diversity of electoral practices, laws, and regulations across 50 U.S. states and thousands of localities. The chapter starts by laying out guidelines for assessing how federalism affects electoral integrity, both in cross-national perspective and in the U.S. case. The argument itself is rather simple: the impact of federalism varies because federalism itself can be designed in many different ways and because the impact of these arrangements is also affected by the broader institutional setting. Though simple, the consequences of the argument are more complex: federalism does indeed weigh upon electoral integrity, but its significance must be appreciated in the context of the country under consideration. The chapter offers a general survey on the relationship between federalism and electoral integrity and draws evidence from selected cases of federalism in the Americas—specifically from Canada, Mexico, and Brazil—for comparison with the United States.
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Salomon, Stefan, ed. Der Status im europäischen Asylrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298146.
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Despite the constitutionalisation of asylum law by EU law over the last two decades, proceedings based on national norms often still occur before asylum authorities and the courts of EU Member States. This book examines the divergences in and tensions between the constitutionalisation of asylum law by EU law on the one hand and how national asylum laws operate on the other. The national context in this book is primarily Austria’s asylum law. As asylum encapsulates various status categories that determine the rights and duties of a person in most areas of life, this book analyses asylum law from the perspective of an individual’s legal status. The contributions it contains examine, among other issues, the case law of the European Court of Justice on persecution on the grounds of sexual orientation, exclusion from protection status, the uniform status of protection, the principle of the best interests of the child in EU law, as well as temporary residential status in light of the principle of human dignity. With contributions by Petra Sußner, Constantin Hruschka, Ronald Frühwirth, Florian Immervoll, Ulrike Brandl, Stefan Salomon, Florian Hasel, Kevin Hinterberger, Stephan Klammer, Lioba Kasper, Martina Berger, Simone Tanzer
23
Cullity, Garrett. Weighing Reasons. Edited by Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.19.
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What is involved in weighing normative reasons against each other? One attractive answer is the following Simple Picture: a fact is a reason for action when it counts in its favor; this relation comes in different strengths or weights; the weights of the reasons for and against an action can be summed; the reasons for performing the action are sufficient when no other action is more strongly supported, overall; the reasons are decisive when it is most strongly supported; one ought to perform the action there is most reason to perform; rational deliberation is weighing reasons correctly; and acting rationally is doing what one has sufficient reasons to do. This chapter examines the adequacy of this picture, concluding that while in some respects it needs modification or correction, in others the jury is out.
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Wodziński, Marcin. Leadership. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631260.003.0003.
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This chapter attempts to add yet another perspective to the already extensive scholarship on the tsadikim, which has been based so far mainly on elitist, rabbinical sources of a normative, rather than a descriptive, nature. It asks what simple pilgrims expected to achieve from their visits to a Hasidic court and how they expressed it. By analyzing a mass source of popular petitions brought to one Hasidic leader by thousands of his followers, the chapter arrives at the conclusion that the simple pilgrims expected from the tsadik mainly intervention in the matters of health, income, and family matters, most typically connected to fertility and business problems. It also shows inroads of a modernizing vision of the world in the way the image of the tsadik and his powers were constructed in the petitions.
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Farb, Benson, and Dan Margalit. Teichmuller Space. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147949.003.0011.
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This chapter deals with Teichmüller space Teich(S) of a surface S. It first defines Teichmüller space and a topology on Teich(S) before giving two heuristic counts of its dimension. It then describes explicit coordinates on Teich(Sɡ) coming from certain length and twist parameters for curves in a pair of pants decomposition of Sɡ; these are the Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates on Teich(Sɡ). The chapter also considers the Teichmüller space of the torus and concludes by proving the 9g – 9 theorem, which states that a hyperbolic structure on Sɡ is completely determined by the lengths assigned to 9g – 9 isotopy classes of simple closed curves in Sɡ.
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Waha, La Toya, ed. United by Violence, Divided by Cause? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905738.
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Political violence is everywhere. But how does it emerge and what can be done about it? This book addresses the diversity of violence in South Asia, South East Asia and Western Europe. It examines the various forms of ideological backgrounds, structural conditions, relations and aims of non-state actors who are involved in violence in these regions and certain countries. Thereby, this book presents a similar diversity of theoretical and disciplinary approaches towards explaining the same phenomenon: violence. The rationale behind this collection of approaches and case studies is to identify communalities on the one hand, and to counter simple, unidimensional explanations of why non-state actors resort to violence on the other. Finally, it provides policy recommendations on how to counter violence. With contributions by Greg Barton, D. SubaChandran, Aurel Croissant, Rohan Gunaratna, Kevin McDonald, Subrata K. Mitra, Khuram Iqbal, Serina Rahman, La Toya Waha and Christian Echle
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Bauer, Nancy. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0004.
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In January of 1947, Simone de Beauvoir flew from Paris to New York to begin her first tour of the United States. It was to be a momentous four months. Under the auspices of the French government, Beauvoir gave two dozen lectures at colleges and universities across the country on the topic “the ethical problems of the post-war writer.” Her friendship with the novelist Richard Wright and his wife, Ellen, who took her under their wing during her whirlwind first weeks in New York, sensitized her to the pervasiveness of racism that she would witness in America, which she chronicled with startling (and, still, underappreciated) insight in ...
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Lessons from Malawi’s Fresh Presidential Elections of 23 June 2020. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and the Electoral Commissions Forum of SADC countries, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.59.
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On 3 February 2020, the High Court of Malawi sitting on constitutional matters nullified the presidential election that was held on 21 May 2019. That decision was upheld by the Supreme Court of Appeal on 8 May 2020. Various reforms were ordered by the courts and legislated by Parliament, most notably a change in the electoral system, from a simple majoritarian, or first-past-the-post (FPTP), system to a two-round system where the winner must receive over 50 per cent of the votes. A fresh presidential election was held on 23 June 2020 under the supervision of a new commission, and Malawi made history in Africa on 27 June when the opposition candidate was announced victorious in the fresh presidential election. The repeat election was held in a largely peaceful environment, and the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) did not receive any complaints following the announcement of the result. Given the remarkable events that took place in Malawi, the Executive Committee of the Electoral Commissions Forum of SADC countries (ECF-SADC) recommended that the MEC should be given the opportunity to share its experience regarding the fresh presidential election of 23 June 2020 with other member commissions. The ECF-SADC in collaboration with the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) organized a webinar on 31 August 2020 to strengthen peer review among electoral management bodies (EMBs) in the region of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The webinar provided a platform for peer-learning concerning both the conduct of the fresh presidential election in Malawi and emerging regional trends in electoral justice.
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Lippiatt, G. E. M. Simon V of Montfort and Baronial Government, 1195-1218. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805137.001.0001.
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Dissenter from the Fourth Crusade, disseised earl of Leicester, leader of the Albigensian Crusade, prince of southern France: Simon of Montfort led a remarkable career of ascent from mid-level French baron to semi-independent count before his violent death before the walls of Toulouse in 1218. Through the vehicle of the crusade, Simon cultivated autonomous power in the liminal space between competing royal lordships in southern France in order to build his own principality. This first English biographical study of his life examines the ways in which Simon succeeded and failed in developing this independence in France, England, the Midi, and on campaign to Jerusalem. Simon’s familial, social, and intellectual connexions shaped his conceptions of political order, which he then implemented in his conquests. By analysing contemporary narrative, scholastic, and documentary evidence—including a wealth of archival material—this book argues that Simon’s career demonstrates the vitality of baronial independence in the High Middle Ages, despite the emergence of centralised royal bureaucracies. More importantly, Simon’s experience shows that barons themselves adopted methods of government that reflected a concern for accountability, public order, and contemporary reform ideals. This study therefore marks an important entry in the debate about baronial responsibility in medieval political development, as well as providing the most complete modern account of the life of this important but oft-overlooked crusader.
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Berg, Andrew, and Rafael Portillo. Introduction to Part II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0007.
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Part II of the book reflects on the authors’ efforts to use simple dynamic general equilibrium models to analyse monetary policy issues facing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This overview explains the genesis of this research agenda, both in terms of the approach and the choice of topics. Experience in the operational aspects of the IMF’s work suggested that better policy analysis—including with respect to the response to supply shocks, exchange rate management, and the modernization of policy regimes—would benefit from greater use of these models, suitably adjusted to incorporate structural features of low-income countries. Compared to Part III, the analysis in Part II is on qualitative insights from more structural micro-founded models, which are meant to provide general guidance and ultimately undergird the more country-specific and operational applications.
31
Sadock, Jerrold. The Subjectivity of the Notion of Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.7.
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It is argued that no quantitative measures, nor any simple structural distinctions, can accurately separate languages that we would impressionistically count as polysynthetic from those that we would not. Rather, our intuitions are influenced by the type of morphology a language presents, by the phonological and lexical facts associated with its morphology, and by the degree to which its morphology does the work of syntax. Disregarding such features, it can be argued that biblical Hebrew is more synthetic than the Inuit language Kalaallisut, a conclusion that I, and perhaps most typologists would reject. I conclude that a thorough description of the morphology of language and its relation to the other components of grammar is superior to any method of placing that language on a scale of syntheticity.
32
Trevor C, Hartley. Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729006.001.0001.
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This book offers comprehensive coverage and analysis of the relationship between the three instruments governing civil jurisdiction and judgments in Europe: the Brussels Regulation, the Lugano Convention, and the Hague Choice of Court Convention. The text provides a practical explanation of how the instruments operate, focusing on real-life litigation problems, and including extensive reference to the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The work is specifically designed for ease of navigation and is split into four parts. Part I offers an introduction to the features and scope of each of the instruments. Part II goes on to examine the issue of jurisdiction whilst Part III tackles recognition and enforcement. Finally, Part IV addresses procedural and systematic problems. A detailed table of contents and extensive cross-referencing throughout make it simple to home in on the relevant sections.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision, 3 Basel and International Bank Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0003.
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This chapter begins by discussing the Basel committee and the Basel Accord. It details how the Basel committee, an organization with no powers, constitution, or even legal existence, became the dominant power in bank regulation. The Basel Capital Accord of 1988 set out a simple weighting system for different types of assets and standardized the rules as to what should count as capital. While the 1988 Accord was applied initially only to internationally active banks in the G10 countries, it quickly became acknowledged as a benchmark measure of a bank's solvency and is believed to have been adopted in some form by more than 100 countries. The remainder of the chapter covers policy responses to the recent financial crisis, Basel 2.5, Basel 3 framework document, and other initiatives.
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Taylor-Gooby, Peter, Benjamin Leruth, and Heejung Chung. Liberalism, Social Investment, Protectionism, and Chauvinism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790266.003.0010.
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This concluding chapter summarizes the country chapters, examining pressures on state welfare and the new directions which policy has taken. We then analyse differences and similarities in national policies and discuss the implications for theories of the welfare state. The dominant direction in policy is neo-liberal, leading to austerity and a transfer of responsibility from state to individual, although social investment is also important. Left attempts at fightback against austerity have had little success, but protectionism and chauvinist responses to immigration are emerging as influential. At the national level, we do not anticipate a simple convergence on neo-liberalism or a divergence based on regime type, but expect policy directions to be driven much more by national politics. A crucial issue is how far different countries successfully pursue social investment and neo-Keynesian strategies successfully to integrate the more vulnerable and more dissatisfied groups or instead retreat to protectionism.
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Pontes Filho, Raimundo Pereira. Desafios à segurança pública no Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-169-1.
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The problems and themes dealt with in the course of this work constitute repeated challenges to public security in Brazil. There are several others, no doubt, but here is a simple sample of the main ones. The urgent need to review the concept and the model put into practice, predominantly, as a public security paradigm in Brazilian society is evident. It is a demanding task, it requires considerable effort, however, it is essential to the perspectives of life in society in the country, under penalty of making the social reality increasingly dramatic and violent. In this sense, without pretending to point out or constitute any conclusive character, this work aims to collaborate to understand, subsidize, encourage the search for new multidisciplinary solutions with a view to overcoming the serious scenarios of violence and crime in force in the country. It is important to recognize the existence of good practices, including with an interactive focus between disciplines that study or deal with the problem, although they are still far from the answers demanded by the problems arising from public insecurity. In short, “Challenges to public security” is a work that proposes dialogue, questioning and the effort to jointly build possible alternatives and solutions aimed at different socio-cultural contexts impacted adversely by the damages imposed by violence and the culture of crime in Brazil.
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Sime, Stuart. 29. Multi-track. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.3375.
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The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. 29. Multi-Track. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.3375.
Full textAbstract:
The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Sime, Stuart. 29. Multi-track. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.3375.
Full textAbstract:
The multi-track deals with a vast range of cases, from simple contractual disputes involving little more than £25,000, to complex commercial cases involving difficult issues of fact and law with values of several million pounds, to cases where perhaps no money is at stake but which raise points of real public importance. Cases on the multi-track will generally be dealt with either in the Royal Courts of Justice or other civil trial centre. This chapter discusses agreed directions; case management conferences; fixing the date for trial; pre-trial checklists; listing hearings; pre-trial review; directions given at other hearings; and variation of case management timetable.
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Tao, Tian. Chinese Intellectuals’ Discourse of International Law in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670055.003.0016.
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This chapter focuses on the history of the period from the 1860s to the fall of the empire in 1911–12. The chapter details through minute analysis of books, journals, and the press, the extent to which the wider Chinese community distanced itself from any belief that Confucian values could be matched by Western international law that could have a simple ethical foundation. All that counted in international relations was military power, and the industrial strength which grounded it. Confucian ideals of world order, above all Kang Youwei’s, were too idealist. The other great intellectual of the turn of the century, Liang Qichao, believed that international law was a product of power.
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Kalyvas, Stathis. Modern Greece. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199948772.001.0001.
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Just a few years ago, Greece appeared to be a politically secure nation with a healthy economy. Today, Greece can be found at the center of the economic maelstrom in Europe. Beginning in late 2008, the Greek economy entered a nosedive that would transform it into the European country with the most serious and intractable fiscal problems. Both the deficit and the unemployment rate skyrocketed. Quickly thereafter, Greece edged toward a pre-revolutionary condition, as massive anti-austerity protests punctuated by violence and vandalism spread throughout Greek cities. Greece was certainly not the only country hit hard by the recession, but nevertheless the entire world turned its focus toward it for a simple reason: the possibility of a Greek exit from the European Monetary Union, and its potential to unravel the entire Union, with other weaker members heading for the exits as well. The fate of Greece is inextricably tied up with the global politics surrounding austerity as well. Is austerity rough but necessary medicine, or is it an intellectually bankrupt approach to fiscal policy that causes ruin? Through it all, Greece has staggered from crisis to crisis, and the European central bank’s periodic attempts to prop up its economy fall short in the face of popular recalcitrance and negative economic growth. Though the catalysts for Greece’s current economic crises can be found in the conditions and events of the past few years, one can only understand the factors that helped to transform these crises into a terrible political and social catastrophe by tracing Greece’s development as an independent country over the past two centuries. In Greece: What Everyone Needs to Know, Stathis Kalyvas, an eminent scholar of conflict, Europe, and Greece, begins by elucidating the crisis’s impact on contemporary Greek society. He then shifts his focus to modern Greek history, tracing the nation’s development from the early nineteenth century to the present. Key episodes include the independence movement of the early nineteenth century, the aftermath of World War I (in which Turkey and Greece engaged in a massive mutual ethnic cleansing), the German occupation of World War II, the brutal civil war that followed, the postwar conflict with Turkey over Cyprus, the military coup of 1967, and-finally-democracy and entry into the European Union. The final part of the book will cover the recent crisis in detail. Written by one of the most brilliant political scientists in the academy, Greece is the go-to resource for understanding both the present turmoil and the deeper past that has brought the country to where it is now.
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Núñez, Rafael, and Tyler Marghetis. Cognitive Linguistics and the Concept(s) of Number. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.023.
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What is a ‘number,’ as studied within numerical cognition? The term is highly polysemous, and can refer to numerals, numerosity, and a diverse collection of mathematical objects, from natural numbers to infinitesimals. However, numerical cognition has focused primarily on prototypical counting numbers (PCNs) – numbers used regularly to count small collections of objects. Even these simple numbers are far more complex than apparent pre-conditions for numerical abilities like subitizing and approximate discrimination of large numerosity, which we share with other animals. We argue that the leap to number concepts proper relies, in part, on two embodied, domain-general cognitive mechanisms: conceptual metaphor and fictive motion. These mechanisms were first investigated within cognitive linguistics, a subdiscipline of cognitive science, but are now thought to subserve cognition more generally. We review the proposal that these mechanisms structure numerical cognition – including PCNs, but also the positive integers and arithmetic – and survey the supporting empirical evidence.
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Weightman, Gavin. The Great Inoculator. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300241440.001.0001.
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Smallpox was the scourge of the eighteenth century: it showed no mercy, almost wiping out whole societies. Young and old, poor and royalty were equally at risk — unless they had survived a previous attack. Daniel Sutton, a young surgeon from Suffolk, used this knowledge to pioneer a simple and effective inoculation method to counter the disease. His technique paved the way for Edward Jenner's discovery of vaccination — but, while Jenner is revered, Sutton has been vilified for not widely revealing his methods until later in life. This book reclaims Sutton's importance, showing how the clinician's practical and observational discoveries advanced understanding of the nature of disease. The book explores Sutton's personal and professional development, and the wider world of eighteenth-century health in which he practised inoculation. Sutton's brilliant and exacting mind had a significant impact on medicine — the effects of which can still be seen today.
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Wright, Almeda M. Fragmentation in Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664732.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 continues addressing the psychological and sociological dimensions of fragmented spirituality among African American youth. African American youth navigate multiple and competing systems structured to pull or push them into “fragmentation.” In a world where basic life skills for young African Americans have come to include “keep your hands where everyone can see them,” the prospect of individuation—based on a notions of autonomous selves and American meritocracy—seem almost fantastical. How does shifting from the assumption of an autonomous self toward an emphasis on relational and communal selves help counter fragmented spirituality? This chapter moves beyond binaries to consider the positive function of fragmentation and developmental characteristics that allow African Americans, and particularly youth, to navigate, interpret, and integrate multiple perspectives without necessitating resolution into a simple “self.”
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William H, Baker. 11 Class Action Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198753483.003.0012.
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This chapter outlines the practices relevant to class arbitration, a relatively recent phenomenon in the United States. Most of these arbitrations are exclusively between domestic parties and often arise out of arbitration clauses inserted in the fine print of consumer or employment contracts. In some cases, however, foreign companies have entered into what may have appeared to be simple, single-party arbitration clauses, only to find themselves embroiled in class action arbitrations. In fact, it behooves international arbitration practitioners to be aware of class action arbitration law and procedures in New York and in the United States generally. The chapter thus enumerates significant developments in class arbitration law in the U.S. in recent years, which have come about due to a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions.
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Swann, Julian. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0001.
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The introductory chapter defines the concept of political disgrace as it was understood under the Bourbon monarchy and sets out the principal themes of the book. Why was the rebellious French nobility of the early seventeenth century gradually persuaded to abandon a culture marked by rebellion and resistance to the crown and learn to submit to a simple royal command? It explores contemporary attitudes towards monarchy and its ideological and cultural foundations and the role of disgrace in the life of the court and wider noble society. It also discusses current historiographical debates, and argues that a study of political disgrace provides an ideal vehicle for demonstrating that Old Regime political culture far from being ossified was fluid and dynamic.
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Rosemblatt, Karin Alejandra. Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States, 1910-1950. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636405.001.0001.
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In this history of the social and human sciences in Mexico and the United States, Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt reveals intricate connections among the development of science, the concept of race, and policies toward indigenous peoples. Focusing on the anthropologists, sociologists, biologists, physicians, and other experts who collaborated across borders from the Mexican Revolution through World War II, Rosemblatt traces how intellectuals on both sides of the Rio Grande forged shared networks in which they discussed indigenous peoples and other ethnic minorities. In doing so, Rosemblatt argues, they refashioned race as a scientific category and consolidated their influence within their respective national policy circles. Postrevolutionary Mexican experts aimed to transform their country into a modern secular state with a dynamic economy, and central to this endeavor was learning how to “manage” racial difference and social welfare. The same concern animated U.S. New Deal policies toward Native Americans. The scientists’ border-crossing conceptions of modernity, race, evolution, and pluralism were not simple one-way impositions or appropriations, and they had significant effects. In the United States, the resulting approaches to the management of Native American affairs later shaped policies toward immigrants and black Americans, while in Mexico, officials rejected policy prescriptions they associated with U.S. intellectual imperialism and racial segregation.
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Cairney, Paul. The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.268.
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“Evidence-based policy making” (EBPM) has become a popular term to describe the need for more scientific and less ideological policy making. Some compare it to “evidence-based medicine,” which describes moves to produce evidence, using commonly-held scientific principles regarding a hierarchy of evidence, which can directly inform practice. Policy making is different: there is less agreement on what counts as good evidence, and more things to consider when responding to evidence.Our awareness of these differences between science and policy are not new. Current debates resemble a postwar policy science agenda, to produce more scientific and “rational” policy analysis, which faced major empirical and normative obstacles: the world is not that simple, and an overly technocratic approach to policy undermines much-needed political debate. To understand modern discussions of EBPM, key insights from previous discussions must be considered: policy making is both “rational” and “irrational”; it takes place in complex policy environments or systems, whose properties should be understood in some depth; and it can and should not be driven by “the evidence” alone.
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Protocol to estimate mortality from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to viral hepatitis B and C. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123768.
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One of the goals to be achieved by 2030 of the Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016-2021 is to reduce mortality from hepatitis viruses B (HBV) and C (HCV). To measure and monitor it, countries need to implement a systematic process to generate national estimates of mortality from viral hepatitis, which many lack. This document is aimed at the institutions and/or ministries in charge of monitoring progress in each country. The main objective of this protocol is to present simple methods to estimate the proportion of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who have HBV and HCV infection, and then calculate the national mortality due to these sequelae attributable to viral hepatitis, preferably within a surveillance system. In addition, a general framework is provided on how the surveillance system should function, how to collect the data, and ethical considerations. The surveillance system will be based on sentinel centers where information will be collected from patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These data will be used to estimate the fraction of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to HBV and HCV. On the other hand, data will be collected on the number of deaths nationwide from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With this information, mortality from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to HBV and HCV will be estimated.
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William A, Schabas. Part 3 General Principles of Criminal Law: Principes Généraux Du Droit Pénal, Art.24 Non-retroactivity ratione personae /Non-rétroactivité ratione personae. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0029.
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This chapter comments on Article 24 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Preceded by two provisions that entrench two Latin maxims described collectively as the principle of legality, article 24 completes the treatment of the subject in Part 3 of the Rome Statute. Article 24 promises the accused that if there is a change in the law applicable to a given case prior to a final judgment, ‘the law more favourable shall apply’. However, this rule giving the defendant the benefit of the ‘more favourable’ provision is not without difficulties. It is not always a simple manner to determine which rule is in fact more favourable. Moreover, there may be an important element of subjectivity, in that individuals may differ in their assessment.
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Dean, Austin. China and the End of Global Silver, 1873-1937. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752407.001.0001.
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In the late nineteenth century, as much of the world adopted some variant of the gold standard, China remained the most populous country still using silver. Yet China had no unified national currency; there was not one monetary standard but many. Silver coins circulated alongside chunks of silver and every transaction became an “encounter of wits.” This book focuses on how officials, policy makers, bankers, merchants, academics, and journalists in China and around the world answered a simple question: how should China change its monetary system? Far from a narrow, technical issue, Chinese monetary reform is a dramatic story full of political revolutions, economic depressions, chance, and contingency. As different governments in China attempted to create a unified monetary standard in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States, England, and Japan tried to shape the direction of Chinese monetary reform for their own benefit. This book argues convincingly that the silver era in world history ended owing to the interaction of imperial competition in East Asia and the state-building projects of different governments in China. When the Nationalist government of China went off the silver standard in 1935, it marked a key moment not just in Chinese history but in world history.