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Journal articles on the topic 'Simon Kuznets'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Snowden, Kenneth. "Simon Kuznets." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 4, no. 1 (March 1986): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900014221.

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Simon Kuznets murió el 11 de julio de 1985. Economista de gran amplitud de intereses, hizo contribuciones precursoras al estudio de los ciclos, al desarrollo de la contabilidad nacional y la medición y el análisis del crecimiento económico moderno. Por esto último recibió el premio Alfred Nobel de Ciencias Económicas en 1971. Este detalle nos proporciona una oportunidad para reflexionar sobre su vida y sus logros.

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2

Abramovitz, Moses. "Simon Kuznets 1901–1985." Journal of Economic History 46, no. 1 (March 1986): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700045642.

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3

Hamburg, Morris. "In Memoriam: Simon Kuznets, 1901-1985." American Statistician 41, no. 2 (May 1987): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1987.10475454.

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4

Kapuria-Foreman, Vibha, and Mark Perlman. "An Economic Historian's Economist: Remembering Simon Kuznets." Economic Journal 105, no. 433 (November 1995): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2235115.

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5

Rugina, Anghel N. "4. Nobel Laureate: Simon Kuznets (1901‐1985)." International Journal of Social Economics 30, no. 4 (April 2003): 453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290310764362.

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6

Ben-Porath, Yoram. "Simon Kuznets in Person and in Writing." Economic Development and Cultural Change 36, no. 3 (April 1988): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/451668.

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7

Dostaler, Gilles. "Simon Kuznets, mesurer et expliquer la richesse des nations." Alternatives Économiques 255, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.255.0082.

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8

Szostak, Rick. "Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics." Canadian Studies in Population 42, no. 3-4 (October 18, 2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6bk5v.

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9

Floud, R. "Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics." History of Political Economy 46, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2796412.

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10

Brooke, Geoffrey T. F. "Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics." History of Economics Review 65, no. 1 (September 2016): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10370196.2016.1281704.

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11

Street, James H. "The Contribution of Simon S. Kuznets to Institutionalist Development Theory." Journal of Economic Issues 22, no. 2 (June 1988): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1988.11504781.

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12

Papanek, Gustav F., and Old Rich Kyn. "Flattening the Kuznets Curve: The Consequences for Income Distribution of Development Strategy, Government Intervention, Income and the Rate of Growth." Pakistan Development Review 26, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v26i1pp.1-54.

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The relationship between growth and equity has been a disputed issue at least since Simon Kuznets [11] described it as U-shaped. Kuznets 's hypothesis that as per capita income rises income distribution would first become less equal and then more equal has been supported by a large array of empirical studies (e.g.: Bacha [4], Ahluwalia [3], Chenery et al. [7], Adelman and Morris [2], Cline [8], Paukert [23]. As a result, there are only a few propositions in economics which have wider acceptance. The Kuznets hypothesis, which applies to the secular process of development over several decades, has sometimes been cited as evidence that there is conflict between growth and equity. Alternative reasons were subsequently advanced for the conflict between these objectives. It was argued that there is also a trade-off between a high rate of growth and an equitable distribution of income, because the policies desirable for a high rate of growth involve strong incentives and rewards to the scarce factors in the hands of the rich.

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13

RAYMOND, LEIGH. "Economic Growth as Environmental Policy? Reconsidering the Environmental Kuznets Curve." Journal of Public Policy 24, no. 3 (December 2004): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x04000145.

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Some research has posited that while initially damaging to the environment, continued economic growth eventually leads to superior environmental quality. This relationship is often described as an ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve’ (EKC), after a similar hypothesis regarding income inequality made by economist Simon Kuznets. Following such findings, the EKC is sometimes offered as a rationale for encouraging economic growth as the best environmental policy option. This paper reconsiders the policy-relevance of the EKC idea, drawing on a wide range of international data collected in the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) project. Specifically, it tests the theoretical arguments advanced by Arrow and others (1995) that EKC relationships are unlikely to hold for environmental problems that are intergenerational in time or spread across national boundaries. The results of this research substantially confirm those arguments, providing more evidence that the EKC idea is an inadequate guide for environmental policy makers around the globe.

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14

Smoliak, Viktor. "EUROPEAN VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSURANCE COMPANIES INVESTMENT ACTIVITY." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 3(64) (June 7, 2017): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2017.3(64).880.

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UDC 368 Viktor Smoliak, PhD, Associate Professor. Kharkiv National Simon Kuznets University of Economics. European vector of development of the insurance companies investment activity. The article investigates Ukrainian insurance market problems and peculiarities of the insurance companies investment activity. The author defined the differences between Ukrainian insurance companies investment activity and European insurance companies investment activity. There are justified the main directions of development of Ukrainian insurance market in the article. Keywords: insurance, insurance company, investment activity, insurance market, development of insurance.

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15

Bourguignon, François. "La chute des inégalités françaises au XXe siècle: Explications alternatives." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 58, no. 3 (June 2003): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900004832.

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RésuméÁ partir d’une exploitation systématique des données administratives disponibles depuis la création de l’impôt sur le revenu, en 1914, Thomas Piketty offre une réflexion originale sur la distribution des revenus en France au XXe siècle et sur le rôle qu’a pu y jouer l’imposition des revenus. Son ouvrage, qui se situe dans la droite ligne du travail pionnier entrepris il y a une cinquantaine d’années par Simon Kuznets sur l’histoire de l’inégalité aux États-Unis, est discuté ici par François Bourguignon et Gilles Postel-Vinay.

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Postel-Vinay, Gilles. "La question des hauts revenus: Un programme ? Des programmes." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 58, no. 3 (June 2003): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900004844.

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RésuméÁ partir d’une exploitation systématique des données administratives disponibles depuis la création de l’impôt sur le revenu, en 1914, Thomas Piketty offre une réflexion originale sur la distribution des revenus en France au XXe siècle et sur le rôle qu’a pu y jouer l’imposition des revenus. Son ouvrage, qui se situe dans la droite ligne du travail pionnier entrepris il y a une cinquantaine d’années par Simon Kuznets sur l’histoire de l’inégalité aux États-Unis, est discuté ici par François Bourguignon et Gilles Postel-Vinay.

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17

Nissan, Edward. "A Measurement of Economic Growth for Selected Caribbean Nations." Review of Black Political Economy 18, no. 2 (September 1989): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02895233.

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This article explores economic growth performance of various Caribbean countries over a twenty-year period. Aspects of growth or decline of agricultural, industrial and service sectors are examined. In particular, the article seeks to provide an assessment of the impact of the agricultural sector on economic growth as measured by Simon Kuznets’ models and propositions in relation to agricultural product and labor contribution. General comparisons between the Caribbean countries and a sample of economies are provided. A central finding is that economic growth was minor during the period under consideration.

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18

Salas Arón, Emiliano. "¿Smith o Kuznets en Argentina? La matriz laboral durante la primera globalización (1870-1914)." Tiempo y economía 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1677.

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In the classic theory about the evolution of economies in the long term, Adam Smith and Simon Kuznets proposed two contrasting theories about the evolution of the labor market in a period of economic growth. Smith proposed a growth in the labor markets guided by the more dynamic and productive sectors through a process of specialization led by the insertion in international commerce. Kuznets, instead, theorizes that the growing modern economies generate changes and diversification on the labor markets towards secondary and tertiary sectors and on the skills stock of the labor force. With that in mind, this work presents an analysis of the labor structure in Argentina during the first globalization period (1870-1914) through a classification of workers and the economic active population divided by sectors and skills, using the occupational compilation of the national census of 1869, 1895 and 1914. The main results show that, despite the high growth of the economy during the first part of the studied period (1870-1895), Argentina did not show high changes in the labor structure at an inter-sectoral level. However, the growth of the economy, especially after 1890, involved a series of transformations on the labor markets that modified their composition and the intensity of skills by the labor force.

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19

Foster, John. "Joseph Schumpeter and Simon Kuznets: comparing their evolutionary economic approaches to business cycles and economic growth." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 25, no. 1 (May 30, 2014): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-014-0356-6.

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20

Huff, Gregg. "Financial transition in pre-World War II Japan and Southeast Asia." Financial History Review 14, no. 2 (October 2007): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565007000522.

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Self-sustaining, technologically based growth has always been accompanied by a process of financial transition which, as defined by Raymond Goldsmith, entails an increase in the financial superstructure to a status in the economy comparable to that in the leading countries of North America and Western Europe. The pattern of development along this transitional path may, of course, differ, as for example in the relative contribution of bank- or market-based financial systems. But all countries, Goldsmith observed, trace a similar transitional path in the increase in their superstructure of financial instruments and institutions relative to an infrastructure of output and wealth. Because of the close relationship between financial transition and modern economic growth as defined by Simon Kuznets, differences in speed at which countries traverse Goldsmith's transitional path are critical.

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21

Speich, Daniel. "The use of global abstractions: national income accounting in the period of imperial decline." Journal of Global History 6, no. 1 (February 23, 2011): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022811000027.

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AbstractThis article explores the history of a conceptual world economic order of nations created by statistically minded economists over the last seventy years. Drawing upon work by Colin Clark, Richard Stone, and Simon Kuznets from the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, it reconstructs the rise of new economic indicators referring to economic inequality. Two forms of intellectual practice can be identified that characterized a remarkable shift in knowledge production in Anglo-American economics in the period of French and British imperial decline. One was new methods of counting and comparing income, which produced a sensational new view of the world as a place of enormous poverty. The other was the belief that these issues could be solved by applying a limited set of policy recommendations to all economies in the world.

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22

Baranyai, Eszter. "Egyenlőtlenség és gazdaság: hogyan hatnak egymásra?" Köz-gazdaság 13, no. 4 (2018): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2018.04.15.

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A társadalmi egyenlőtlenség számos módon tud hatni egy ország gazdaságára, például az iskolázottságon, az egészségen, vagy a fogyasztási és megtakarítási szokásokon keresztül. Ezek a mechanizmusok sok – de nem minden – esetben az egyenlőtlenség káros hatásairamutatnak rá. A gazdaság is hatással van a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségre, a kapcsolat tehát komplex és nem egyirányú. Az összefüggés részletes adatokon alapuló megértésére elő-ször a későbbi Nobel-díjas Simon Kuznets tett kísérletet. Mindenesetre a nevéhez köthető görbét – miszerint a gazdaság növekedésével párhuzamosan először az egyenlőtlenség is növekedik, majd csak később mérséklődik – mára meghaladottnak tartják, az elmúlt évekkutatásai ugyanis többféle fejlődési pálya meglétére engednek következtetni. 2 A pénzügyi válság és az egyenlőtlenség elmúlt évtizedekben érzékelt változásai nemcsak magára az egyenlőtlenség kérdésére irányították rá a figyelmet, hanem a közgazdasági modellek ezzel kapcsolatos hiányosságaira is. A gazdaság és az egyenlőtlenség kapcsolatának vizsgálatán túl, így jelen cikk szót ejt a jövedelmi/ vagyoni eloszlás makroökonómiában betöltött szerepéről is.

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23

Joshi, Rohan. "Assessing the Impact of Income Inequality on Economic Growth." Indian Economic Journal 65, no. 1-4 (March 2017): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466217727811.

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The nature of the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, first formalised by Simon Kuznets in 1950, has come under much debate of late. At present, one understanding of this relationship is that given by what Oded Galor called the ‘modern perspective’, which, pointing the direction of causation from income inequality to economic growth asserts that the former imposes a significantly negative influence on the latter. To investigate the same in the context of India, subsequently, this study adopts the typical cross-country approach taken by other studies in this area and estimates the nature of the aforementioned relationship across a cross-section of Indian states. The results, however, disappointingly contrary to the ‘modern perspective’, show a strong significant positive impact of the existence of inequality on growth rates of Indian states, which, if anything, statistically asserts the existence of a trade-off between the two. JEL Classification: D63, O10, O40, O47

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24

Medema, Steven G. "Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics by Robert Fogel, Enid Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte." Enterprise & Society 16, no. 2 (2015): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ens.2015.0054.

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25

Pritchett, Lant. "Robert William Fogel, Enid M. Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte,Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics." Population and Development Review 40, no. 1 (March 2014): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2014.00658.x.

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26

Haines, Michael R. "Economic Development, the Family, and Income Distribution: Selected Essays. By Simon Kuznets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. viii, 463. $54.50." Journal of Economic History 50, no. 3 (September 1990): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700037797.

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27

Thompson, William R. "Long waves, technological innovation, and relative decline." International Organization 44, no. 2 (1990): 201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300035256.

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The popularity of Kondratieff long waves fluctuates according to the economic climate. Periods of slow growth help make long wave explanations more attractive. While their popularity may oscillate, the evidence associated with the existence of long waves continues to be disputed. A review of the pertinent theoretical literature suggests that one reason for the disagreements about the existence of long waves is that much of the available evidence does not correspond as closely as it might to the theoretical foci. A new data series, one based on leading sector production growth rates from 1760 to 1985, is developed to remedy this lack of correspondence. The appropriate analysis of this series requires that particular attention be paid to the rise and relative decline of the world economy's lead state. The empirical outcome provides a close match to the long wave chronology developed by Joseph Schumpeter, Simon Kuznets, and J. J. Van Duijn. While this approach falls short of bringing closure to many of the theoretical and empirical questions concerning long waves, it does establish a solid empirical foundation for further analyses. The article concludes with some observations on the long wave implications for the relative economic decline of Britain in the nineteenth century and the United States in the twentieth century.

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28

Shevchuk, Anna. "The Peculiarities of Teaching Foreign Languages by Means of Information and Communication Technologies." Educational Challenges 26, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2709-7986.2021.26.1.09.

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The paper investigates the peculiarities of teaching foreign languages by means of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In the course of a comprehensive study the most effective for the development of students’ linguistic and communicative competence, the following types of ICT were singled out and analysed: Internet-based project work, online correspondence by e-mail, chat, blogs, wikis and podcasts and training programs. The aim of the article is to identify the peculiarities of teaching foreign languages by means of ICT The theoretical, empirical and statistical methods have been used to reach the purpose. To check the effectiveness of applying ICT in teaching foreign languages empirical (diagnostic) methods such as testing, observation and discussion were used. The pedagogical experiment with the fourth-year students of Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics was conducted. The pedagogical experiment showed the effectiveness of developing foreign language activity by means of ICT. The statistical methods helped to evaluate the results of the research. Using ICT is really helpful to increase students’ language competencies and, respectively, it provides the development of foreign language communicative competence in general. Conclusion: ICT creates a new environment and opportunities for foreign language acquisition; they have become an important educational tool successfully used in foreign language teaching.

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29

Ahluwalia, Montek S. "Distribution des revenus et développement : quelques faits stylisés." Articles 53, no. 2 (June 23, 2009): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800721ar.

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Abstract In recent years, the relationship between income distribution and the process of development has come under increasing scrutinity. Much of the debate has focused on the hypothesis, originally advanced by Simon Kuznets, that the secular behavior of inequality follows an inverted U shaped pattern which inequality first increasing and then decreasing with development. This hypothesis has become so much a part of the conventional wisdom on this subject that it has generated considerable skepticism about the welfare implications of the development process. Indeed, on some interpretations, developing countries face the grim prospect not just of increasing relative inequality, but also of declining absolute incomes for the lower income groups. The object of the article is to re-examine the empirical basis for this hypothesis using a recent compilation of cross-country data made at the World Bank. The author uses multiple regression to estimate cross country relationships between inequality, as reflected in the income shares of various percentile groups, and selected explanatory variables reflecting different aspects of the development process. The results suggest that while there may be a secular time path for inequality which developing countries must traverse and which contains a phase of increasing inequality, there is at least no evidence that faster growing countries show higher inequality at the same level of development than slower growing countries.

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Easterlin, Richard A. "Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics.. By Robert William Fogel, Enid M. Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2013. Pp. xiii, 168. $32.00, hardcover." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 4 (November 15, 2013): 1191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205071300106x.

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31

Medema, Steven G. "Robert Fogel, Enid Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte. Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. xiii + 148 pp. ISBN 13-978-0-226-25661-0, $32.00 (cloth); 978-0-226-02072-3, $30.00 (ebook)." Enterprise & Society 16, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2014.21.

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32

Chernyak, O., and O. Komashko. "THE SIMON KUZNETS'S INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMETRICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Economics, no. 160 (2014): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2014/160-7/19.

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33

Godden, Chris. "In Praise of Clio: Recent Reflections on the Study of Economic History Francesco Boldizzoni, The Poverty of Clio. Resurrecting Economic History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011, 216 pages, ISBN 978-0-691-14400-9 J.W. Drukker, The Revolution That Bit Its Own Tail. How Economic History Changed Our Ideas on Economic Growth. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers, 2006, 308 pages, ISBN 90-5260-198-4 Robert William Fogel, Enid M. Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathan Grotte, Political Arithmetic. Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2013, 148 pages, ISBN 978-0-226-25661-0 John Lyons, Louis P. Cain, and Samuel H. Williamson (eds.) Reflections on the Cliometrics Revolution: Conversations with Economic Historians. London: Routledge, 2008, 491 pages, ISBN 0-415-70091-4 Robert Whaples and Randall E. Parker (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Modern Economic History. London: Routledge, 2013, 352 pages, ISBN 978-0-415-67704-2." OEconomia 2013, no. 04 (March 2014): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4074/s2113520713014059.

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"Simon Kuznets." Economic Development and Cultural Change 34, no. 1 (October 1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/edcc.34.1.1154061.

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"Book Reviews." Journal of Economic Literature 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 1150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.4.1106.r19.

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Barry R. Chiswick of George Washington University reviews, “Jewish Economies: Development and Migration in America and Beyond. Volume 1. The Economic Life of American Jewry” by Simon Kuznets and “Jewish Economies: Development and Migration in America and Beyond. Volume 2. Comparative Perspectives on Jewish Migration” by Simon Kuznets. The EconLit Abstract of the first reviewed work begins: “Three papers present Simon Kuznets's previously unpublished scholarship on Jewish economic history in the United States. Papers discuss economic structure and life of the Jews; economic structure of the U.S. Jewish population-recent trends; and economic growth of the U.S. Jewish population.” The EconLit Abstract of the second reviewed work begins: “Three previously published papers examine Jewish migration. Papers discuss immigration and the foreign born; Israel's economic development; and immigration of Russian Jews to the United States-background and structure. Index.”

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36

Syrquin, Moshe. "Simon Kuznets and Russia: An Uneasy Relation." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3868355.

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37

Mansor de Mattos, Fernando Augusto. "A Relevância da Obra de Simon Kuznets para o Debate sobre Distribuição de Renda desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra." Revista Economia Ensaios 36, no. 1 (December 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ree-v36n1a2021-50512.

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O objetivo do artigo é tomar como referência a obra de Simon Kuznets para descrever aspectos importantes do debate sobre desigualdade econômica e distribuição de renda nos países desenvolvidos desde 1945. A primeira seção, baseada em Kuznets (1955), expõe seu modelo com simulações dos efeitos de mudanças de estrutura produtiva e de emprego sobre o perfil distributivo. A segunda apresenta o debate sobre distribuição de renda após 1980, quando ocorre a “reversão” da Curva de Kuznets. Na terceira, destaca-se o “debate do 1% mais rico”, que incorpora aspectos políticos para compreender a recente expansão da desigualdade nas economias desenvolvidas no século XXI. As conclusões apontam a relevância e atualidade de sua obra para o debate sobre distribuição de renda e desigualdade econômica.

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38

Weyl, E. Glen. "Simon Kuznets: Cautious Empiricist of the Eastern European Jewish Diaspora." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1324422.

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39

"Political arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the empirical tradition in economics." Choice Reviews Online 51, no. 01 (August 20, 2013): 51–0396. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-0396.

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40

"Book Reviews." Journal of Economic Literature 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.51.3.883.r2.

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Explores the scientific work of Simon Kuznets and his impact on economics as a discipline. Discusses the rise of academic economists before World War I; the early history of the National Bureau for Economic Research; the emergence of national income accounting as a tool of economic policy; the use of national income accounting to study comparative economic growth; the scientific methods of Kuznets; further aspects of the legacy of Kuznets; and the quarter century since the death of Kuznets. Robert William Fogel is the recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Economics, Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of American Institutions in the Booth School of Business, Director of the Center for Population Economics, and a member of the Department of Economics and the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. The late Enid M. Fogel was Associate Dean of Students in the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago. Guglielmo is Assistant Professor of Economics at Bentley University. Grotte is Associate Director of the Center for Population Economics at the University of Chicago.

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41

"Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sustainable Development." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12S (December 26, 2019): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l1185.10812s19.

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Economies today are relying on coal and other finite sources for their energy needs which has not only resulted in exhaustion of finite resources but also has adversely affected the environment as burning of coal alone is responsible for emission of Green House Gases . As the economy grows the consumption of power also rises and in order to keep pace with the growing demand for power, economies are forced to increase the installed capacity. But in economies like US, China and India dependence on coal has been in rise for last few decades. Simon Kuznet rightly brought this to our notice and established the relationship between carbon emission and GDP which would be positively related initially but growth in GDP would enable the economies to find out some alternatives and reduce the emissions n long run. This paper critically analyses the existence of hypothesized relationship of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and CO2 emissions of U.S., India and China. In trying to prove the theoretical framework that economic growth (GDP) in terms of purchasing power parity and environmental deterioration are strongly related, the paper used the data of developed and developing countries mentioned above. The main aim of the paper is to check the applicability of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) on the economic growth of U.S., China and India. The researcher used regression for time series analysis in analyzing the data from 1999-2018. The paper is divided into three sections with the first section covering the introduction; the second section is theoretical framework. Data analysis and presentation of findings formed the third section. The researcher finally concluded the paper by giving some suggestions in lieu of the findings.

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Santos, Wesley Oliveira, Fábio Rodrigues Moura, Anderson Renê Santos Silva, Danilo Lima Matos, and Tácito Augusto Farias. "A teoria do U invertido: um teste da hipótese de Kuznets para a relação entre crescimento econômico e desigualdade de renda no Brasil." Revista de Economia 37, no. 2 (May 24, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/re.v37i2.27235.

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O presente artigo examina a relação entre crescimento econômico e desigualdade na distribuição de renda no Brasil, com o intuito de verificar, para o país, a aplicabilidade da hipótese do “U-invertido” formulada por Simon Kuznets (1955), a qual estabelece que a referida relação segue um padrão onde a desigualdade é crescente nos primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento até um ponto de inflexão, a partir do qual a mesma passa a cair ao longo da ocorrência do crescimento econômico. Mediante aplicação de um modelo econométrico auto regressivo de primeira ordem (AR1) a séries de tempo, foi possível comprovar empiricamente a teoria proposta por Kuznets, ou seja, que a relação entre desigualdade de renda e crescimento econômico para o Brasil no período 1976-2007 segue o formato de “U invertido”.

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Oreiro, Flavia Dias Rangel. "OS MICROFUNDAMENTOS DO CONSUMO: DE KEYNES ATÉ A VERSÃO MODERNA DA TEORIA DA RENDA PERMANENTE." Revista de Economia 29 (December 31, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/re.v29i0.1996.

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Este artigo pretende analisar a evolução recente das teorias de consumo, enfatizando os micro-fundamentos do consumo, desde Keynes (1936) até a versão moderna da teoria da renda permanente de Hall- Flavin (1978-1981), bem como inserir o comportamento do consumidor numa ótica intertemporal. Nesse contexto, são discutidas: a teoria de consumo de John Maynard Keynes (1936); os fatos estilizados de Simon Kuznets (1940); a contribuição de Irving Fisher à teoria de consumo ao propor o modelo intertemporal básico de comportamento do consumidor; a teoria da renda permanente de Milton Friedman (1957) e a teoria do ciclo da vida de Franco Modigliani (1963), as quais se baseiam no arcabouço teórico de Fisher para explicar o enigma do consumo; e finalmente, a chamada versão moderna da teoria da renda permanente de Hall - Flavin (1978-81), que aplica o método de expectativas racionais aos modelos ciclo-da vida/ renda permanente. Abstract The objective of the present article is to analyze the recent evolution of the theories of the consumption function, with a special emphasis over the micro foundations of the consumption decision, since Keynes (1936) until the modern version of the permanent income hypothesis of Hall and Flavin (1978-1981). In this setting we will discuss the following issues: the consumption function theory of John Maynard Keynes, the stylized facts of Kusnets, the Irving Fisher contribution to the consumption function theory by his proposal of an intertemporal framework to analyze consumer behavior; Milton Friedman´s theory of permanent income and Modigliani´s life-cycle hypothesis. All these theories are based upon Irving Fisher framework to explain the consumption enigma. Finally we will analyze the Hall-Flavin version of the permanent income hypothesis, which applies the rational expectations method to the models of aggregate consumption based on the life-cycle/permanent income hypothesis.

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Grantham, George. "Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview." Basic Income Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bis-2015-0019.

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