Journal articles: 'Simple exercise'

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Morgan, A. D. "Simple exercise testing." Respiratory Medicine 83, no. 5 (January 1989): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0954-6111(89)80069-1.

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Qin, Yuan, Weiyi Xia, Wei Huang, Jing Zhang, Yi Zhao, and Min Fang. "The Beneficial Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on the Management of Obesity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2321679.

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This paper systematically reviewed the clinical update of traditional Chinese exercises in the treatment of simple obesity in recent years and discussed their specific advantages in this aspect. This review focused on several typical traditional Chinese exercises, namely, Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing, Wu Qin Xi, Shaolin Neigong, and Liu Zi Jue, which all showed clinical beneficial effect on the treatment of simple obesity with their own characteristics. To optimize the clinical therapeutic effect of these traditional Chinese exercises, we need to seek the most appropriate exercise or the combo exercise based on the characteristics of different obese population, to improve the efficiency of weight loss, reduce sports injury, and consolidate the therapeutic effect. In the future, we need to further evaluate the efficacy of sitting exercise, lying exercise, and static training in the treatment of simple obesity, subdivide the treatment population, and explore the working mechanism of these traditional Chinese exercises.

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SAKIZLIAN, Monica-Cristina. "TAE BO BEYOND A SIMPLE AEROBICS CLASS." UNIVERSITY ARENA 4, no. 2/2019 (December 6, 2019): 91–93. https://doi.org/10.62229/uaiv_2_19-19.

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For practicing Tae Bo will not be sufficient to perform a number of training sessions a week, in which to sweat or burn many calories. This discipline requires, more than any other, equal participation of our psyche during training. To achieve assimilation proper technique should always think about what we do to that Tae Bo is not a contact sport but a fight - with an imaginary opponent, a battle with ourselves, to be a dispute at a highest level of technical. Tae Bo is an exercise program that combines the best of several different disciplines. A combination of martial arts, boxing, aerobics and dance exercises posted on a trained musical background, here's the secret world of this new trend in exercise. The exercise is relatively easy and convenient for anyone who wants to do maintenance but the move may be designed workouts for weight loss or development and driving qualities.

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Putra, Edy Nuswantara, Yuswo Supatmo, Erna Setiawati, and Marijo. "Effectiveness of Foot Exercises together with the Hydrotherapy program on Blood Sugar Levels in Elderly People without Diabetes." Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v11i1.999.

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Background: The elderly human population is susceptible to health problems due to decreased organ function. The risk of diabetes in old age also reduces quality of life. Preventing the risk of developing diabetes mellitus requires simple and simple exercise programs such as foot exercises and hydrotherapy. The effect of light leg exercise and hydrotherapy on carbohydrate metabolism is unknown. Objectives: To find out the impact of hydrotherapy alone or in combination with foot exercise on elderly's blood sugar levels. Methods: Parallel three-group pre and post-test designs for an experimental investigation. 21 elderly in RW 04 Karangwetan, Ungaran served as research participants, divided into control group (n=7), combination of foot exercises and hydrotherapy intervention group (n=7), and foot exercise intervention group (n=7). The intervention took place three times per week for five weeks. We used POCT to assess blood sugar levels. Results: There is no significant decrease in blood sugar levels from control group (p>0.05). There is significant decrease in blood sugar levels from foot exercise and hydrotherapy intervention group (p<0.05) and foot exercise intervention group (p<0.05). The difference in blood sugar levels showed significant results between foot exercise and hydrotherapy intervention group and control group (p=0.000) and between foot exercise intervention group and control group (p=0.004). There is no significant differences in blood sugar levels between foot exercise and hydrotherapy intervention group and foot exercise intervention group (p=0.112). Conclusion: Simple exercise activities such as foot exercises together with hydrotherapy have been proven to reduce blood sugar levels in healthy elderly populations without diabetes

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Formenti, Damiano, Luca Cavaggioni, Marco Duca, Athos Trecroci, Mattia Rapelli, Giampietro Alberti, John Komar, and Pierpaolo Iodice. "Acute Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults: Aerobic Versus Balance." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0005.

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Background: Recent evidence has suggested that chronic physical activities including balance exercises have positive effects on cognition, but their acute effects are still unknown. In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that an acute bout of balance exercise would enhance cognitive performance compared with aerobic activity. Methods: A total of 20 healthy middle-aged adults completed 2 acute 30-minute balance and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions on 2 counterbalanced separate occasions. To assess cognitive functions, performance tasks in executive control, perceptual speed, and simple reaction time were tested before and immediately after each exercise session. Results: Although there were no significant interactions (time × exercise condition, P > .05), the main effects of time were significant in executive control (P < .05), perceptual speed (P < .05), and simple reaction time (P < .001), showing improvements after both exercises. Conclusions: These findings highlight that both types of exercise (aerobic, more metabolic and less cognitively demanding; balance, more cognitively and less metabolically demanding) were able to positively affect simple reaction time performance, perceptual speed, and executive control independently of physiological adjustments occurring during aerobic or balance exercise.

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DAVIES, A. J. "A Simple Friction Modelling Exercise." Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 6, no. 1 (1987): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/teamat/6.1.23.

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Russell, Brian. "A simple seismic imaging exercise." Leading Edge 17, no. 7 (July 1998): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1438059.

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Aspöck, Christoph, and Walter Koller. "A simple hand hygiene exercise." American Journal of Infection Control 27, no. 4 (August 1999): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(99)70059-3.

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Brozina, Alenka, Damir Raljevic, Tatjana Zekic Varljen, Aleksandra Sustar, Igor Klaric, Vesna Pehar Pejcinovic, Viktor Ivanic, Koraljka Knezevic, Marko Boban, and Viktor Persic. "Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiology: more than simple exercise testing." Cardiologia Croatica 9, no. 5-6 (May 22, 2014): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.15836/ccar.2014.249.

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Hartzell, Sean M., and Thomas S. Klinger. "Using Crayfish Burrows to Illustrate Simple Ecological Field Techniques." American Biology Teacher 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.4.270.

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Ecological field techniques such as transect surveys are long-used, integral means of immersing students in field exercises to illustrate ecological measures. Many species of crayfish create conspicuous burrows within or near aquatic habitats. Such burrows can easily be identified and measured by students during an ecological field exercise. In this article, we describe a field activity we developed as part of a college-level course in which students utilized transects and calipers to collect counts and measurements of crayfish burrows in order to evaluate their distribution and size among different substratum types along a small stream. This field exercise could be incorporated, with or without modification, into an applicable high school or introductory/intermediate college biology course as a means of illustrating ecological concepts, sampling technique, and/or behavioral biology.

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Brezina, Timothy. "Teaching Inequality: A Simple Counterfactual Exercise." Teaching Sociology 24, no. 2 (April 1996): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1318814.

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Takahashi, Atsushi, Hiromichi Imaizumi, Manabu Hayashi, Ken Okai, Kazumichi Abe, Keiji Usami, Nobuo Tanji, and Hiromasa Ohira. "Simple Resistance Exercise for 24 Weeks Decreases Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Sports Medicine International Open 01, no. 01 (January 2017): E2—E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-117875.

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Abstract Exercise therapy is effective and recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on the efficacy of hepatic fat reduction. However, the efficacies of exercise therapy are based on short-term intervention. Moreover, no reports have examined whether significant reductions in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are achieved with exercise therapy in patients with NAFLD. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of simple resistance exercise for 24 weeks in NAFLD. 59 patients with NAFLD were assigned to a resistance exercise group (n=28) or a control group (n=31). The resistance exercise group performed 2 exercises (push-ups and squats) 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days for a trial periods of 24 weeks. Patients in the control group proceeded with regular physical activities under a restricted diet throughout the study. The effects of exercise were compared between groups after 24 weeks.Mean ALT level, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index and hepatic steatosis grade were all decreased in the resistance exercise group. Changes in ALT levels correlated negatively with changes in muscle:body weight ratio in the exercise group.These data demonstrate that 24 weeks of simple resistance exercise comprising squats and push-ups represents an effective treatment for NAFLD.

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Sim, Kok Swee, Shun Wei Wong, Alex Low, Andi Prademon Yunus, and Chee Peng Lim. "Real-Time Digital Assistance for Exercise: Exercise Tracking System with MediaPipe Angle Directive Rules." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2024): 2380. https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.4.2993.

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This paper focuses on developing an exercise tracking system capable of recognizing simple exercises, such as push-ups, pull-ups, and sit-ups, with high accuracy, leveraging human pose estimation techniques to enhance prediction performance. Exercise tracking can help users to perform workouts correctly and improve overall physical and mental health. The system utilizes the HSiPu2 dataset for training and evaluation, employing MediaPipe as the human pose estimation input and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model for exercise recognition. Initially, a baseline MLP with three layers was implemented, followed by an improved expand-shrink MLP architecture designed to enhance model performance. The results demonstrate that the expand-shrink MLP model has achieved a 16% higher accuracy than the baseline, showcasing its effectiveness in accurately recognizing simple exercises based on pose estimation data. This advancement highlights the potential of the model to support a broader range of exercise types, offering a robust solution for monitoring workouts. The system provides meaningful feedback to users by ensuring accurate exercise recognition and promoting safe and effective physical activity. Future research can explore integrating this system with real-time feedback mechanisms, enabling users to receive immediate corrections during workouts. Expanding the dataset to include diverse exercise routines, including complex and dynamic movements, could enhance the system’s applicability. These developments would pave the way for more comprehensive and practical exercise-tracking solutions, supporting individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle and improving the accessibility of fitness technologies.

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Basoglu, Umut Davut. "Exercise Addiction: A Comparison Between the Individuals Who Exercise for Physical Recreation and Who Receive Personal Exercise Training." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 12 (September 28, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12.3604.

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In the study, we aim to investigate the exercise addiction levels of the individuals who join sports centers for recreational activity and the ones who also receive personal exercise training. The universe of this study is the individuals who are members of The Club sports center located in Istanbul province, the European side of Esenyurt. The sample is composed of 120 members who are selected by the simple random sampling. The participants are all the members of the sports center who have regularly exercised for at least one year and continue to sports center at least two days a week. Participants have received enlightened approvals for voluntary participation either.In order to measure exercise addiction level, we used "Exercise Addiction Scale-21" developed by Hausenblas and Downs (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Yeltep and İkizler (2007).Frequency test is used to reveal the features of the participants. The data were not normally distributed. So Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U Tests were used for cross-group comparisons. Findings were accepted as statistically significant at p <0.05 level.Results show that exercise addiction levels of individuals who have received special training and those who spend more time on monthly and weekly exercise are higher than the rest.As a conclusion, the increase in the number of days and the number of hours of exercises seems to be an antecedent, of exercise addiction. We also find out that the exercise addiction levels of individuals who receive personal exercise training are higher.

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Jalal Al-Mosawi, Aamir. "The preventive and predictive value of simple exercises (Stair-climbing, squat, and push-up): An educational article and expert opinion." Journal of Obesity and Fitness Management 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-5070/004.

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Cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart diseases continue to be the leading cause of mortality in Iraq and many other countries in the world. As early as the 1980s, the relationship between increased physical fitness and reduction of morbidity and mortality from chronic disease, particularly cardiovascular diseases has been increasingly recognized. Therefore, the need for simple preventive exercises and predictive exercise tests has been increasingly demanded. The aim of this educational mini-review is to highlight the preventive and predictive values of simple exercises (Stair-climbing, squat, and push-up), and also to present the relevant expert opinion.

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Tephilla, Epsibha, Tharion Elizabeth, Jeyapaul Shalini, and Abraham Vinod. "Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly: Prevalence and its management by simple isometric limb tensing exercises." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 12, no. 11 (November 2023): 2661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1009_23.

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Objective: Orthostatic hypotension (OH), an important cause of falls in the elderly, is grossly underdiagnosed. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of OH among the elderly attending a secondary care hospital. Furthermore, we assessed and compared the effectiveness of simple arm and leg tensing exercises, performed just prior to standing, to mitigate the orthostatic fall in blood pressure (BP) in elderly OH patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study screened elderly patients (≥65 years) for OH and recruited them into a randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2020/08/027182) of two parallel groups performing either arm tensing or leg tensing exercises just before standing up. We performed an interim analysis of the ongoing trial using paired t-test for within-group comparisons. Patients identified to have OH based on systolic or diastolic fall in BP were analyzed separately. Chi-square analysis compared the improvement in OH status between the two groups. Results: Nineteen out of 186 screened elderly patients were diagnosed with OH (10.21%, 95% CI: 7.99–12.43). Arm exercise significantly reduced the orthostatic-induced fall in systolic and diastolic BP, while leg exercise effectively reduced only the systolic fall in BP among patients with OH. The proportion of patients with OH after arm exercise (20%) was significantly lower than after leg exercise (77.8%) (P = 0.023, Fischer's exact test). Conclusion: We found a 10.21% prevalence of OH in our elderly population. Furthermore, we found that simple isometric arm tensing exercise ameliorates the fall in BP on standing up in OH patients.

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León, Julia, Aurelio Ureña, Manuel Jorge Bolaños, Alfonso Bilbao, and Antonio Oña. "A Combination of Physical and Cognitive Exercise Improves Reaction Time in Persons 61–84 Years Old." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 23, no. 1 (January 2015): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2012-0313.

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We have compared the effects of different 12-week exercise programs on simple and choice reaction and movement times in persons 61 to 84 years old. One hundred thirty-eight volunteers were randomized to either a control group, a two-day exercise group (two 60-min sessions a week of aerobic exercises), or a two-day physical plus cognitive exercise group (two 60-min sessions a week of aerobic and cognitive exercises). At follow-up, the aerobic and cognitive exercise program was found to have resulted in significant positive effects. Improvements were found in the two-day physical plus cognitive exercise group in all of the reaction parameters, particularly improvement in choice reaction time, which is used in most daily activities. Our results suggest that to improve reaction time values, it is advisable to include cognitive features into a physical exercise routine.

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Marques, Claudia Mirian de Godoy, Patricia Veronica Lawford, Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques, and Thomas Cochrane. "Moderate Exercise and Immune Response in Rats: A Model for Cancer Prevention / Exercício Moderado e Resposta Imune em Ratos: Um Modelo para a Prevenção do Câncer." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 5448–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n1-367.

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Exercise is believed to cause changes in population and/or activity of immunocompetent cells. Study of this relationship is difficult in humans because of the multifactorial nature of human physiology and concomitant problems in controlling extraneous variables. We have investigated the effects of 4 weeks of moderate exercise training on percentage of NK cells and Lymphocyte activity in Wistar male rats under tightly controlled laboratory conditions. The animals were randomized into two groups: exercise and control. Exercised rats ran at a treadmill speed of 20 m/min (moderate exercise intensity), for 20 minutes, 6 days/week. Laboratory and handling conditions were matched, and food was controlled for both groups. Twenty-four hours after the exercise training program, lymphocyte response did not change significantly (p0.05). Exercised rats demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of circulating NK cell population (p0.05). Exercise training demonstrated a significantly lower body weight for the exercised rats (p0.05). With this simple model, this study supports the concept that regular moderate exercise leads to beneficial changes in the immunological response that may prevent cancer.

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Trigiano, R. N., B. H. Ownley, A. N. Trigiano, J. Coley, K. D. Gwinn, and J. K. Moulton. "Two Simple and Inexpensive Laboratory Exercises for Teaching Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and DNA Fingerprinting." HortTechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.1.177.

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One of the most frequently used tools in plant biotechnology, which includes genomics and proteomics, is gel electrophoresis. Our experience with middle and high school students as well as teachers and undergraduate students is that they have very little, if any, hands-on experience with this technique. These exercises were developed to demonstrate the principles of electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting in middle and high school and university laboratories with minimal expense and equipment. The experiments have been tested by middle and high school students, as well as by teachers, and undergraduate and graduate students. The first exercise, electrophoresis of common food dyes, is primarily designed for secondary and undergraduate students, but can be used as an inexpensive means for introducing the main concepts of electrophoresis to anyone who has little or no experience, including graduate students. Popular brands of food dyes (red, blue, yellow, and green) purchased at local markets are mixed into a 60% glycerol/water solution and are separated on 1% agarose gels using 100 V for 35 min. Mixed colors are separated into primary colors (e.g., green into blue and yellow) and some apparently single dyes often have extra “surprise” components. A simple exercise illustrating forensic use of gel electrophoresis with dyes is also included. Over 100 students and teachers have completed this experiment successfully. The second laboratory exercise requires more extensive equipment and a more advanced set of skills; however, the exercise has been completed successfully by middle school-level through graduate-level students and by teachers. In this exercise, the internally transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal subunit for a fungus, plant, and insect are amplified and separated electrophoretically on agarose gels. A simple crime is solved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA fingerprinting. The experiment protocol provides students with hands-on activities that include assembling master mixes for PCR, practice using pipettes, and performing the various steps involved in PCR amplification. Instructions for both exercises are formatted in easy-to-follow procedure boxes, and a downloadable presentation is available on the web. The cost of the expendables is about $1 per student, making these exercises relatively inexpensive to conduct, assuming that hardware and DNA are available.

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Jay, Kenneth, Emil Sundstrup, and Lars L. Andersen. "Reliability of a Simple Physical Therapist Screening Tool to Assess Errors during Resistance Exercises for Musculoskeletal Pain." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/961748.

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The main objective was to investigate the intra- and intertester reliability of a simple screening tool assessing errors in exercise execution by visual observation. 38 participants with no previous resistance exercise experience practiced for two weeks four typical upper limb exercises using elastic tubing. At 2-week follow-up, the participants were invited for a test-retest assessment on errors in technical execution. The assessment was based on ordinal deviation of joint position from neutral of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in a single plane by visual observation. Moderate intratester reliability weighted kappa (wΚ) score ranging from 0.50 (0.21–0.71) to 0.57 (0.24–0.82) for observer 1 and a fair to moderate intratester reliability wΚscore ranging from 0.27 (0.09–0.43) to 0.52 (0.15–0.86) for observer 2 across the four exercises was observed. For intertester reliability moderate to substantial mean wΚscores were found between the two observers, slightly improving from round one to round two ranging from 0.40 (0.20–0.59) to 0.68 (0.45–0.91) in round one to 0.52 (0.20–0.80) to 0.69 (0.39–0.86) in round two. The exercise error assessment demonstrated fair to substantial intratester and intertester reliability, which is congruent with previously published studies. Hence the simplicity of defining a neutral joint position for each of the involved joints in the exercise and categorizing the deviation in “some deviation” and “substantial deviation” to either side in a single plane is a viable and inexpensive solution when assessing for errors during exercise.

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Strate, Lance. "Exercising perception." Explorations in Media Ecology 18, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eme.18.1-2.109_1.

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This article details two classroom exercises in perception. The Witness-Detective Exercise is relatively elaborate, and involves perception, memory and interaction. The second exercise is relatively simple, and involves listening to a word list and memory. Both exercises is demonstrate both the selective nature of perception and the fact that we can perceive and remember things that were not actually present or presented to us. The article concludes with a set of generalizations regarding the process of perception.

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Ikudome, Sachi, Shiro Mori, Satoshi Unenaka, Masashi Kawanishi, Takahiro Kitamura, and Hiroki Nakamoto. "Effect of Long-Term Body-Mass-Based Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function in Elderly People." Journal of Applied Gerontology 36, no. 12 (January 18, 2016): 1519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464815625834.

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The study examined the effect of a body-mass-based home exercise program on cognitive functioning among 170 male and female elderly people (52-81 years). This program comprised five kinds of resistance exercises that elderly people can perform at home without supervision or specialized equipment using only their body mass for resistance. Various cognitive tasks were used to assess cognitive functioning, including a simple reaction task, Go/No-Go reaction task, Stroop task, serial subtraction task, and coincident timing task. These tasks were performed before and after a 3-month body-mass-based home exercise program. Although there were no significant improvements in the simple reaction and coincident timing tasks, significant improvement was shown in the Go/No-Go reaction task and serial subtraction task. This study shows that even simple resistance exercise, using only body mass for resistance, may be an effective method for preventing age-related cognitive decline of inhibitory control and working memory among elderly people.

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López-García, Ana, and Marta Encarnación Sánchez-Ruíz. "Feasible Intervention through Simple Exercise for Risk of Falls in Dementia Patients: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 11854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911854.

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Physical exercise can help older people maintain capacities such as muscle strength, balance, postural control, bone mass, and functionality in ADL that usually decline with age. Dementia patients can attend day care centers where they participate in activities such as cognitive training, music and art therapy, and physical exercise sessions. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of simple lower limb strength and single leg stance training, feasible in the facilities of day care centers, to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly with dementia. Twenty patients with dementia were divided into intervention and control groups. They participated in mobility, strength, coordination, and balance exercise sessions for 45–50 min on weekdays for 5 weeks. In addition, the intervention group patients performed simple lower limb strength (sit-to-stands) and single leg stance exercises in every session. Risk of falls was assessed with the Tinetti test and the SPPB. Comparisons of post- and pre-intervention scores for the Tinetti test and SPPB were statistically increased (0.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.03; 1.5 ± 1.3 points, p = 0.02) in intervention patients. Simple lower limb strength and single leg stance exercises feasible to be done in day care facilities are effective tools for reducing the risk of falls in the elderly with dementia.

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Miri, Sahar, Stephanie Sandanasamy, Nilufer Yildirim, Philip McFarlane, Badri Jaafari, and Tara Alizadeh. "Effects of various oral exercises on swallowing function in the elderly: A systematic review." Journal of Nursing Reports in Clinical Practice 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2024): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jnrcp.2405.1093.

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Oral exercises as a rehabilitation strategy can be performed by the elderly at any time and place without any complications or financial burden. Therefore, an oral exercise that is easy to perform and follow in daily life, can effectively improve the oral health of the elderly. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of oral exercises on swallowing function in the elderly. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database from the earliest to April 1, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the quality of randomized control trials and quasi-experimental studies. A total of 728 elderly people participated in fourteen studies. Based on the results of the present systematic review, ten interventions including “lingual resistance exercise with Iowa oral performance instrument”, “exercise for swallowing”, “oral exercise”, “expiratory muscle strength training”, “swallow resistance exercise”, “swallowing exercises”, “oral neuromuscular training”, “simple oral exercise (SOE)”, “tongue strengthening exercise”, “SOE and chewing gum exercise with SOE” improved swallowing function in the elderly. However, the other four interventions including “swallowing exercises”, “resistance training”, “effortful swallowing exercise”, and “oral exercises” did not affect improving swallowing function in the elderly. Health managers and policymakers can improve the swallowing performance of the elderly by implementing training protocols related to oral exercise in addition to routine interventions.

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Ibáñez, Alfredo, and Fernando Zapatero. "Monte Carlo Valuation of American Options through Computation of the Optimal Exercise Frontier." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39, no. 2 (June 2004): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000003069.

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AbstractThis paper introduces a Monte Carlo simulation method for pricing multidimensional American options based on the computation of the optimal exercise frontier. We consider Bermudan options that can be exercised at a finite number of times and compute the optimal exercise frontier recursively. We show that for every date of possible exercise, any single point of the optimal exercise frontier is a fixed point of a simple algorithm. Once the frontier is computed, we use plain vanilla Monte Carlo simulation to price the option and obtain a low-biased estimator. We illustrate the method with applications to several types of options.

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Kwok, Ron Chi-Wai, Alvin Chung Man Leung, Stanley Sai-chuen Hui, and Clara Choi-Ki Wong. "Virtual trainer system: a tool to increase exercise participation and work productivity." Internet Research 31, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 892–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-04-2020-0236.

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PurposeDue to lack of motivation, individuals often fail to perform regular exercise. In view of this, we developed a virtual trainer system (VTS) to encourage users to perform simple exercise routines regularly.Design/methodology/approachA design science approach is adopted to develop a VTS to motivate users to exercise. Study findings are based on a field experiment with 91 participants recruited from a university in Hong Kong.FindingsOutcome-oriented reminders foster stronger perceived risks of health and perceived value of exercises, whereas virtual trainer attractiveness has insignificant effect. Perceived value of exercises is positively related to exercise participation, which has a positive relationship with work productivity.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings answer question of how to motivate people to continue exercising.Practical implicationsFindings provide insights for fitness companies to design online exercise training for users.Social implicationsVTS can promote regular exercise and healthy life.Originality/valueThis research shows that interactive virtual agents can motivate users to exercise regularly. It contributes to the burgeoning research on the use of IT artifacts for improving exercise participation and provides practical insights into VTS designs.

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Dian, Dian, Henie Hikmah Mediani, and Minnatillah Minnatillah. "Brain Games and Gymnastics on Increasing Concentration Power of Early Childhood." Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 6, no. 6 (September 2, 2022): 5615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.2487.

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This study aims to see the extent to which the level of concentration ability of early childhood after games and brain exercises are carried out in a period of 3 months. Brain games and exercises with simple body movements accompanied by songs to make students more excited. Brain exercise has many benefits, especially to balance the left and right brain, through brain exercise activities can foster enthusiasm and children's learning. This study describes brain exercise activities carried out at the Al-Kautsar Quran Kindergarten in Bandung. The method used is a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation, while the data analysis technique is data triangulation technique. The results of research at Al-Kautsar Quran Kindergarten show that brain exercise activities have been carried out well, seen from semester and daily planning and evaluations carried out for each brain exercise activity. The implementation of this brain exercise provides many benefits for children to be more focused, improve memory and be more enthusiastic

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Mercer, A. "The Exercise of Power or Simple Incompetence?" Journal of the Operational Research Society 44, no. 11 (November 1993): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2583880.

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Mercer, A. "The Exercise of Power or Simple Incompetence?" Journal of the Operational Research Society 44, no. 11 (November 1993): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1993.191.

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Paxton, John. "A Short, Simple Learning Curve Classroom Exercise." Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education 1, no. 2 (September 2003): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4609.2003.00024.x.

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Connole, P. W., and G. Obeid. "A simple appliance for continuous jaw exercise." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46, no. 6 (June 1988): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(88)90430-2.

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Kim, Tae-Ho. "Impact of Combined Exercise Program on Simple NAFLD Scores in Adults." Korean Journal of Sports Science 30, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2021.12.30.6.959.

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Maria da Silva, Neildja, Monalisa Silva de França, Dellis Kariny Freitas Holanda de Almeida, Evelin Suyany Guedes de Lima, Vinícius Hugley Brito dos Santos, João Victor de Araújo Souza, Ana Rodriguez Larrad, Débora de Almeida Aloise, and Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima. "Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Groups of Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Low Schooling: A Pilot Study." Journal of Aging Research 2021 (June 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8829332.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the physical and hemodynamic functions of community-dwelling older adults with low schooling levels in relation to simple multicomponent group exercises. Twenty-one older people were randomly assigned to two groups: G1 (n = 11) and G2 (n = 10); sixteen of whom completed the sixteen sessions over a six-week period, three times a week. During eight sessions, G1 performed adapted dual-task multicomponent exercises (strengthening, balance, and cognition) and G2 simple multicomponent exercises (strengthening and balance), and both groups engaged in eight additional sessions of simple multicomponent exercises. The dual-task multicomponent exercises exhibited similar effects to those of their simple multicomponent counterparts. The older adults from both groups improved mobility, frailty, static postural control, balance, and hemodynamic stability. The adapted program was beneficial to the community-dwelling older people with low schooling in the group intervention.

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Şerare, Serdar, Ömer Şenel, Ahmet Karadağ, İdris Buğra Çerik, Meryem Otu, and Mahir Arslan. "Acute Effects of Aerobic Endurance Training with Different Glycogen Levels on Some Biochemical Parameters in Football Players." Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2025): 88–111. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1569168.

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This study aims to determine the acute effects of aerobic endurance exercises performed at different body glycogen levels on biochemical parameters related to energy metabolism. The study included 14 male amateur football players with an average age of 20.38 ± 2 years. Aerobic endurance exercises were performed under conditions of low liver glycogen after a 10-12 hour fasted (FST) state and under a postprandial (PPD) state, as well as under conditions of full and low body glycogen (partially reduced by the first exercise). These exercises consisted of two 60-minute sessions on a cycle ergometer with a 60-minute rest interval in between. Blood samples were collected from participants before and after all exercises. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 28.0 software, utilizing the paired simple t-test, Wilcoxon test, one-way ANOVA, Friedman analysis, and post-hoc tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. In PPD with low glycogen, glucose levels decreased during exercise, whereas in FST with low glycogen, insulin levels decreased in both exercises. Cortisol levels increased in the FST low glycogen exercise. Triglycerides also increased in the FST low glycogen exercise. Albumin levels increased in the FST, and the PPD and low glycogen exercise; similarly, levels increased in the PPD low glycogen exercise (p < 0.05). In conclusion, glucose levels were maintained during the FST and PPD low glycogen exercises, while the highest triglyceride breakdown occurred during the FST low glycogen exercise.

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Runge, Steven W., Brent J. F. Hill, and William M. Moran. "A Simple Classroom Teaching Technique To Help Students Understand Michaelis-Menten Kinetics." CBE—Life Sciences Education 5, no. 4 (December 2006): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.06-04-0160.

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A new, simple classroom technique helps cell biology students understand principles of Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics. A student mimics the enzyme and the student's hand represents the enzyme's active site. The catalytic event is the transfer of marbles (substrate molecules) by hand from one plastic container to another. As predicted, increases in marble concentration increase the number of marbles transferred per unit time (initial rate, V0) until the turnover number becomes rate limiting and V0 approaches the maximum velocity (Vmax), as described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. With this demonstration, students visualize an important concept: the turnover number is constant and independent of marble concentration. A student assessment of this exercise showed that it helped students visualize the turnover number and Vmax but not Km, the marble concentration at which V0 is one-half Vmax. To address the concept of Km, we use supplemental laboratory and lecture exercises. This exercise with plastic containers and marbles is equally suited to demonstrate the kinetics of carrier-mediated membrane transport. We conclude that this exercise helps students visualize the turnover number and Vmax and gives students important insights into the kinetic parameters used to characterize the catalytic activity of enzymes and membrane transporters.

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An, Xiao Qian. "Intervention on the Children Simple Obesity by Sports." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.742.

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Positions and roles of sports in treatment of children simple obesity are expatriated .Basic contents of exercise prescription are discussed from items,intensity and time of sports.In order toprevent and to cure the obesity effectively,people should keep on physical exercise regularly.

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Kim, Beom Jin, Yong-Ki Ma, and Hi Jun Choe. "A Simple Numerical Method for Pricing an American Put Option." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/128025.

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We present a simple numerical method to find the optimal exercise boundary in an American put option. We formulate an intermediate function with the fixed free boundary that has Lipschitz character near optimal exercise boundary. Employing it, we can easily determine the optimal exercise boundary by solving a quadratic equation in time-recursive way. We also present several numerical results which illustrate a comparison to other methods.

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Norling, Amani M., Thomas W. Buford, and Ronald M. Lazar. "Exercise: primus inter pares of Life’s Simple 7." Aging 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 12297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203041.

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Bates, Denis E. B. "A Simple Class Exercise on Plate Tectonic Motion." Journal of Geological Education 38, no. 2 (March 1990): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-38.2.112.

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Tamboll, H. P., C. Foster, J. L. Escobar, S. J. Nerad, F. A. Reed, S. C. Port, and D. H. Schmidt. "104 SIMPLE APPROACH TO EVALUATING EQUIVOCAL EXERCISE TESTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 22, no. 2 (April 1990): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199004000-00104.

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Waddell, G. "Simple low back pain: rest or active exercise?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.52.5.317.

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Violante, Benedetto, Vito Brusasco, and Gianfranco Buccheri. "Exercise Testing in Radiologically-limited, Simple Pulmonary Silicosis." Chest 90, no. 3 (September 1986): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.90.3.411.

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Storey, RL, MR Gouda, and AM Smith. "A simple exercise to encourage precise suture placement." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 5 (May 2012): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2012.94.5.370.

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Neumann, LM. "A simple exercise for teaching mirror vision skills." Journal of Dental Education 52, no. 3 (March 1988): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1988.52.3.tb02186.x.

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WEN, Jun. "TRAVEL THERAPY: SIMPLE EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENTS." Tourism and hospitality management 31, no. 1 (2025): 163–65. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.31.1.15.

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Hayat, Majid, Rafia Siddique, Aliya Basharat, Iqra Waheed, Syeda Umme Rubab, Haya Naqvi, Hamna Nadeem, et al. "Comparison of Treatment Outcome of the Effectiveness of Isometric Exercises as Compared to General Exercises with Cervical Spine Mobilization in The Management of Chronic Non Specific Neck Pain." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 4, no. 6 (December 23, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0380.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the “effectiveness of isometric exercises as compared to general exercises along with cervical spinal mobilization to reduce pain, disability and to increase range of motion in chronic non-specific neck pain”For this randomized controlled experiment total 32 patients (16 in each group) with chronic non-specific neck pain were recruited from physiotherapy Ward Mayo Hospital Lahore, Department of Physiotherapy King Edward Medical University Lahore between October, 2019 and March, 2020. Simple randomization method was used to assign participants into isometric exercise group and general exercise with cervical spine mobilization group. The isometric exercise group performed exercises for neck muscle groups with a rubber band and general exercises with cervical mobilization group performed active range of movement exercises for all neck movements. Patients in both groups received 4 supervised treatment sessions per week for 6 weeks. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck disability index Questionnaire and goniometer were used to assess pain, disability and neck range of movements at baseline and after 6 weeks.Both interventions showed statistically significant improvements in pain, function and range of movement p = 0.001for isometric exercise group, p = 0.05 for general exercises group and p= <0.001 for range of movement. However, mean improvements in post intervention VAS score and Neck disability index Questionnaire score was better in isometric exercises group as compared to general exercise group. In conclusion, both interventions are effective in the treatment of chronic non- specific neck pain however; isometric exercises are clinically more effective than general exercises with cervical spine mobilization.

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Lepley, Lindsey K., Steven M. Davi, Emily R. Hunt, Julie P. Burland, McKenzie S. White, Grace Y. McCormick, and Timothy A. Butterfield. "Morphology and Anabolic Response of Skeletal Muscles Subjected to Eccentrically or Concentrically Biased Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-174-19.

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Context Long-term eccentric exercise is known to promote muscle growth better than concentric exercise, but its acute effect on muscle is not well understood because of misinterpreted modeling and in situ and in vitro stretch protocols. Knowing if the initial bout of eccentric exercise promotes muscle growth and limits damage is critical to understanding the effect of this mode of exercise. Objective To directly evaluate the immediate effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on untrained muscle when fiber strains were physiological and exercise doses were comparable. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 40 skeletally mature male Long-Evans rats (age = 16 weeks, mass = 452.1 ± 35.2 g) were randomly assigned to an eccentric exercise (downhill walking, n = 16), concentric exercise (uphill walking, n = 16), or control (no exercise, n = 8) group. Intervention(s) Rats were exposed to a single 15-minute bout of eccentric or concentric exercise on a motorized treadmill and then were euthanized at 6 or 24 hours postexercise. We harvested the vastus lateralis muscle bilaterally. Main Outcome Measure(s) The percentage increase or decrease in protein abundance in exercised animals relative to that in unexercised control animals was evaluated as elevated phosphorylated p70S6k relative to total p70S6k. Fiber damage was quantified using immunoglobulin G permeability staining. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were performed. Results Rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 24 hours had higher percentage response protein synthesis rates than rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 6 hours (P = .02) or to concentric exercise and euthanized at 6 (P = .03) or 24 (P = .03) hours. We assessed 9446 fibers for damage and found only 1 fiber was infiltrated (in the concentric exercise group euthanized at 6 hours). Furthermore, no between-groups differences in immunoglobulin G fluorescent intensity were detected (P = .94). Conclusions Incorporating eccentric exercise is a simple, universally available therapeutic intervention for promoting muscle recovery. A single 15-minute dose of eccentric exercise to a novice muscle can better exert an anabolic effect than a comparable dose of concentric exercise, with very limited evidence of fiber damage.

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Brisswalter, J., R. Arcelin, M. Audiffren, and D. Delignières. "Influence of Physical Exercise on Simple Reaction Time: Effect of Physical Fitness." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3 (December 1997): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.1019.

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The influence of physical fitness and energy expenditure on a simple reaction time task performed during exercise was investigated. Two groups of 10 subjects were used, one was composed of trained middle-distance runners and one of students who had no regular physical training. The subjects performed a simple reaction time task while pedalling on a cycloergometer at different relative power output corresponding to 20, 40, 60, and 80% of their own maximal aerobic power and immediately after exercise. During exercise, the results showed a decrease in cognitive performance for both groups whereas no significant effect was found after exercise. A significant effect of physical fitness on simple reaction time was noted during exercise. The data are interpreted in terms of optimization of performance focusing particularly on the relations between energy cost of the physical task and attentional demand.

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Pogorelova, Lioubov, Stephanie Sheehan-Braine, Anthony John, and Nicholas Wasserman. "Problem-based Curriculum to Conceptually Develop the Multiplication Principle for Counting." Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College 15, no. 1 (June 25, 2024): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/jmetc.v15i1.11949.

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Counting exercises are difficult (e.g., Batanero et al., 1997; Hadar & Hadass, 1981). As a case in point, although multiplication is a relatively simple concept, students often use multiplication incorrectly on counting problems (Batanero et al., 1997). To address this issue, this paper develops a problem-based curriculum to help students learn about the multiplication principle (MP) for counting. In this paper, we outline the important mathematical issues and nuances associated with the MP in our proposed exercise set, and discuss how mathematics educators could implement this sequence of exercises to develop students’ conceptual understanding of the MP. We conclude by discussing how our exercise set aligns with a broader theory of learning – variation theory.

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Ahmed Qureshi, Absar, Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani, Premalatha Paulsamy, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, and Pranave Sethuraj. "Effectiveness of the quadriceps strengthening exercise on pain and functional ability of the women with Osteoarthritis (OA)." International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrcps.2021.08.09.001.

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A Quasi experimental design was adopted for this study to find out the effectiveness of quadriceps strengthening exercise program on pain and functional ability of women with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty women with OA were selected in which first 25 women were enrolled in the control group and second 25 women were allotted in the exercise group. Assessments were performed at baseline and at 8 weeks. The functional ability was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to assess the pain level .For the exercise group, quadriceps strengthening exercises were taught and asked the patients to follow the exercise schedule for 8 weeks. The study results show that the pain and functional abilty scores were improved in the exercise group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The study concluded that a simple quadriceps strengthening exercise programme can significantly improve self reported knee pain and functional ability among women with Knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Pain, Functional Ability, Exercise, Quadriceps strengthening, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)

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Journal articles on the topic 'Simple exercise'

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