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Jun Yoo, Hee, and Jeong Hoon Kim. "NCOG-56. THE NATURAL COURSE OF ATYPICAL MENINGIOMA AFTER GROSS TOTAL RESECTION WITHOUT ADJUVANT TREATMENT." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.594.
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Abstract Atypical meningioma represent more aggressive clinical behaviors than WHO grade I meningiomas. In this study, We research natural course of atypical meningioma after gross total resection without adjuvant treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with histopathologically diagnosed atypical meningiomas between June 1990 and December 2015 at Asan Medical Center, Korea. Patients treated with Simpson grade I, II resection were included. Patients variably underwent adjuvant radiation therapy according to each surgeon’s preferences. RESULTS: In this study, 117 patients were enrolled and the average follow-up was 43 months (range 3~228 months). In Simpson grade I tumor resection group, recurrence was confirmed in 10 out of 63 patients without adjuvant treatment, and 1 out of 13 patients with adjuvant radiation treatment. There were 12 recurrence cases in Simpson grade II tumor resection and no adjuvant treatment group, of the total 32 cases. There was 4 recurrence case of total 8 cases of Simpson grade II tumor resection with adjuvant radiation treatment group. In groups with no adjuvant treatment, Simpson grade I resection group had a better prognosis on 5-year PFS (82.9% vs 54.9%, p=0.005) compared to Simpson grade II resection group. DISCUSSION: The results of this study show that there is a significant difference in 5-year PFS between the Simpson grade I and II groups without adjuvant treatment, commonly referred to as the gross total resection group. Although this study report adjuvant RT is not superior to observation, more intensive post-operative imaging surveillance protocols would be considered in Simpson grade II resection group without adjuvant treatment. CONCLUSION: The natural course of atypical meningioma after gross total resection without adjuvant treatment signified Simpson grade I and II resection show significant different prognosis.
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Key, Marcus M. "The halloporid trepostome bryozoans from the Ordovician Simpson Group of Oklahoma." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 2 (March 1991): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000020436.
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The Bromide Formation of the Middle Ordovician Simpson Group of Oklahoma contains one of the oldest diverse bryozoan faunas in North America. The early divergence of many trepostome clades is revealed in these rocks. Three trepostome bryozoan species belonging to family Halloporidae are described from this fauna. Discriminant analysis is used to define the following halloporid species: Diplotrypa schindeli n. sp., Tarphophragma karklinsi n. sp., and Tarphophragma macrostoma (Loeblich). Preliminary cladistic analysis indicates that the family Halloporidae was already a distinct lineage by the Middle Ordovician. This suggests that by this time, many of the major trepostome clades were already established.
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Darmawan, I. Putu Ayub, and Sutriyono Sutriyono. "STRATEGI BERSAING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGIA DI UNGARAN." Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/j.jk.2016.v3.i2.p164-177.
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<p><em>This </em><em>study aimed</em><em> to design a competitive strategy to improve the competitiveness of STT Simpson. This study </em><em>was</em><em> a research and development</em><em>. The data were </em><em>collected</em><em> through observation, FGD (Focus Group Discussion) and interviews. Competitive strategies of STT Simpson </em><em>are</em><em> 1) Differentiation strategy: STT Simpson can offer theological education class in the evening to optimize the facilities owned for the churches in Ungaran and its surrounding; 2) Cost advantage strategy: STT Simpson has an advantage in some types of costs but STT Simpson still have to adjust the tuition course to prevent the gap with another STT and keep maintaining its competitiveness; 3) Focus strategy: STT Simpson perform its marketing by focusing on youth of the church around GKII; and 4) Marketing communication strategy with various forms of marketing communications utilizing the technologies esvolving by offering characteristics possessed.</em><em></em></p>
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Alvernia, Jorge E., Nguyen D. Dang, and Marc P. Sindou. "Convexity meningiomas: study of recurrence factors with special emphasis on the cleavage plane in a series of 100 consecutive patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 3 (September 2011): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.4.jns101922.
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Object Convexity meningiomas are expected to have a low recurrence rate given their classically “easy resectability.” Nonetheless, recurrence can occur. Factors playing a role in their recurrence are analyzed here, including the extent of resection and tumor histological type, among others, with a special emphasis on the cleavage plane. Methods The authors reviewed 100 cases of convexity meningiomas surgically treated between 1987 and 2001 with a median follow-up of 86 months (range 2–16 years). Preoperative and postoperative functional status, Simpson resection grade, histological type, and intraoperative surgical plane with pial vessel invasion were studied and correlated with the recurrence rate. Results The average tumor size was 3.6 ± 0.4 cm. The pre- and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale scores were 92.6 ± 4.6 and 97.9 ± 2.2, respectively. Ninety-five lesions were benign (WHO Grade I) and 5 were atypical (WHO Grade II). Ninety-one and 9 tumors were subjected to Simpson Grade 1 and 3 resections (three Grade 3a and six Grade 3b), respectively. Surgical deaths did not occur. After a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, 4 meningiomas recurred; 2 (2.2%) after Simpson Grade 1 resections and 2 after Simpson Grade 3 (3a and 3b) resections (22.2%; p = 0.0034). When just the subgroup of Simpson Grade 1/WHO Grade I was studied, the recurrence rate decreased to 1.2% (1 of 86 cases). The recurrence of WHO Grade I tumors was higher in the subpial group than in the extrapial group (p = 0.025). No difference in recurrence according to the cleavage plane was seen in the WHO Grade II subgroup (p = 0.361). As for the subpial group, no difference in recurrence was noted between the WHO Grade I and II subgroups (p = 0.608). Importantly, however, the extrapial subgroup of WHO Grade II lesions had a higher recurrence rate compared with its counterpart in the WHO Grade I subgroup (p = 0.005). Conclusions Pial and vascular invasion affect the recurrence rate in convexity meningioma surgery. The recurrence rate of WHO Grade I tumors was higher among those with a subpial plane of dissection than among those with an extrapial one. Histological type did not determine the degree of pial invasion in WHO Grade I and II lesions.
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Key, Marcus M. "A new family of trepostome bryozoans from the Ordovician Simpson Group of Oklahoma." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 5 (September 1990): 700–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600001893x.
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A new family, Bimuroporidae, is proposed for a clade of Ordovician trepostome bryozoans. The family is united by several characteristics, including a zooidal ontogenetic progression from mesozooid to autozooid and an integrate wall structure. Discriminant and cladistic analyses of colonies from the Ordovician Simpson Group outcropping in the Arbuckle Mountains and Criner Hills of south-central Oklahoma permit the recognition of eight species belonging to this family. Four species assigned to the new genus Bimuropora are described: B. dubia (Loeblich), B. pollaphragmata n. sp., B. conferta (Coryell), and B. winchelli (Ulrich), as well as four species assigned to the genus Champlainopora Ross: C. chazyensis (Ross), C. ramusculus n. sp., C. pachymura (Loeblich), and C. arbucklensis n. sp.
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Laporte, Léao F. "George Gaylord Simpson and the Paleocene Mammals of the Fort Union Group, Montana." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15, no. 1 (March 14, 1995): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011217.
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Khalil, Md Ibrahim, Md Mohsin Ali Farazi, Md Fazlul Haque, Abdus Salam, and Md Sayedur Rahman Sheikh. "Surgical Outcome Following Meningioma Operation: Our Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v10i1.49163.
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Background: Meningiomas are the commonest predominantly non malignant brain tumour in adult. Various epidemiological and risk factors are associated with and influencing surgical outcome in the treatment of meningiomas.
Objective: The aim of the study is assess surgical oucome by using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) for the cranial meningiomas.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study conducted in Neurosurgery Department of Shaheed Shiek Abu Naser Specialized Hospital and others private Medical Colleges in Khulna from Jan 2018 –July2019. Total 21 patients with meningioma underwent surgery are included in the study .The parameters analyzed included age, gender, location of tumor on imaging, histopathological type, and grade of tumor according to the 2007 WHO classification. The surgical outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the end of the 1st week of convalescence and after 6 weeks following surgery. Favorable and unfavorable outcomes were defined as GOS 4- 5 and GOS 1–3, respectively.
Results: Meningiomas are more common in the age group of 40-49 with a female preponderance(61.90%).Headache was the most common symptom and convexity meningiomas were the most common accounting for about 42.85%. Simpson grade I aceieved 10 (47.61%). Simpson II 5(23.80%), Simpson III 2(9.52%), Simpson IV 3(14.28%) and Simpson V 1(0.5%) respectively. Regarding Histopathologcal examination most of the tumours were WHO grade 1(85.71%). Surgical outcome assess by Glasgow Outcome Scale and majority of patients of this study GOS were between 4-5 which was good( 90.47%).
Conclusion: The outcome for patients with meningioma is good and is improving. However there remains a significant mortality related to disease process.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2020; 10(1): 57-61
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Tanhidy, Jamin. "Praktik Metode Penginjilan Pada Mata Kuliah Metode Penginjilan STT Simpson Ungaran." Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 1, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v1i1.55.
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Jamin Tanhidy, A Practise of Evangelis Method in Evangelis Method lecture of STT Simpson Students. Evangelism is the Great Commission of our Lord Jesus Christ (Mat. 28:18-20), so that STT Simpson emphasize on the fulfillment of the Great Commission. This study describes the achieve-ments of the implementation of Evangelism practices and what are the factors inhibiting the adoption of Evangelis practices method on students participating in courses Evangelis method even academic year 2014-2015. This method of research used in this research is qualitative research. The data in this study were obtained through focus group discussions, interviews open, and report student practice. The results obtained is 1) The achievement of student practice only reached the stage of submission of the Gospel, 2) Factors difficulty implementing Evangelis practices are internal factors: 55.55%, and external factors: 44.44%. Jamin Tanhidy, Praktik Metode Penginjilan Pada Mata Kuliah Metode Penginjilan Maha-siswa STT Simpson Ungaran. Penginjilan merupakan Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus (Mat. 28:18-20), sehingga STT Simpson menekankan pada pemenuhan Amanat Agung tersebut. Penelitian ini mengu-raikan tentang capaian pelaksanaan praktik PI dan apa saja yang menjadi faktor penghambat pelaksanaan praktik Metode PI pada mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah Metode PI semester Genap tahun ajaran 2014-2015. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam pene-litian ini diperoleh melalui FGD, wawancara terbuka, dan laporan praktik mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah 1) Capaian praktik mahasiswa hanya sampai pada tahap penyampaian Injil, 2) Fak-tor kesulitan melaksanakan praktik PI adalah faktor internal: 55,55%, dan faktor eksternal: 44,44%.
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Ramachandran, Kumar, Bryan Tapp, Tayler Rigsby, and Erin Lewallen. "Imaging of Fault and Fracture Controls in the Arbuckle-Simpson Aquifer, Southern Oklahoma, USA, through Electrical Resistivity Sounding and Tomography Methods." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/184836.
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Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in southern Oklahoma, USA, is a major source of water for industrial and municipal use. It is also a major source for spring-fed streams in the area. As part of an ongoing study to map and characterize the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) study and electrical resistivity sounding studies were conducted in Johnston County, Oklahoma, USA, to map the subsurface of a small area of the carbonate aquifer. The main aim of the study was to obtain constraints on the location of near surface faults and fractures and how they control groundwater flow in the study area. The interpreted resistivity section along an N-S profile indicates that the water table in the region is deepening to the south and probably bounded in the north by a south dipping fault. Inverse modeling of 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data acquired at two adjacent locations within the study area indicate shallow, fractured Arbuckle group rocks saturated with water adjacent to dry rocks. From electrical resistivity mapping results, it is inferred that the Mill Creek block in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer is an isolated system, interacting with the northern segment of a silicate-based aquifer through dissolution faults and fractures.
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Solomon, Reed. "– CA0 and order types of countable ordered groups." Journal of Symbolic Logic 66, no. 1 (March 2001): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694917.
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Reverse mathematics uses subsystems of second order arithmetic to determine which set existence axioms are required to prove particular theorems. Surprisingly, almost every theorem studied is either provable in RCA0 or equivalent over RCA0 to one of four other subsystems: WKL0, ACA0, ATR0 or – CA0. Of these subsystems, – CA0 has the fewest known equivalences. This article presents a new equivalence of – C0 which comes from ordered group theory.One of the fundamental problems about ordered groups is to classify all possible orders for various classes of orderable groups. In general, this problem is extremely difficult to solve. Mal'tsev [1949] solved a related problem by showing that the order type of a countable ordered group is ℤαℚε where ℤ is the order type of the integers, ℚ is the order type of the rationals, α is a countable ordinal, and ε is either 0 or 1. The goal of this article is to prove that this theorem is equivalent over RCA0 to – CA0.In Section 2, we give the basic definitions and notation for RCA0, ACA0 and CA0 as well as for ordered groups. For more information on reverse mathematics, see Friedman, Simpson, and Smith [1983] or Simpson [1999] and for ordered groups, see Kokorin and Kopytov [1974] or Fuchs [1963]. Our notation will follow these sources. In Section 3, we show that – CA0 suffices to prove Mal'tsev's Theorem and the reversal is done over RCA0 in Section 4.
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Tischler, Max, Christopher R. Dickman, and Glenda M. Wardle. "Avian functional group responses to rainfall across four vegetation types in the Simpson Desert, central Australia." Austral Ecology 38, no. 7 (July 15, 2013): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12065.
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Agustina, Nur Indah, and Budi Waluyo. "Keragaman Karakter Morfo-Agronomi dan Keanekaragaman Galur- galur Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.)." Jurnal Agro 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/1608.
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The objective of this research was to study the variability of morpho-agronomic characters, genetic distance, and genetic diversity of 39 chili pepper lines. The experiment was conducted from January until June 2017, in Agro Techno Park of Universitas Brawijaya, at Jatikerto, Malang Regency. This research was conducted by using randomized block design (RBD) with treatment of 39 chili pepper genotypes repeated two times. Observation was made on agronomic characters. The variability was analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) with the approach of the Pearson correlation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) with the Pearson correlation coefficient of similarity and agglomeration method unweighted pair-group average was performed for lines grouping. Genetic diversity was obtained using Shannon index (H’) and Simpson index (D). The agronomic characters variability of chili pepper lines based on principal component analysis (PCA) was divided into 9 principal components with cumulative variability value 82,59%. Genetic distance was divided into four main groups at coefficient of 91% -100%. Mantel test of genetic distance based on 24 qualitative and 18 quantitative characters showed a significant positive correlation coefficient (r = 0,173 and P <0,0001). Diversity index based Shannon index (H’) included category 1-3 showed that the level of diversity was medium, and based on Simpson index 0,39 showed a low level diversity. The percentage proportion of the abundance in four groups showed a variation. Group A had the highest abundance and group D was the lowest.
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Stewart, Alan E. "Gulf Coast Residents Underestimate Hurricane Destructive Potential." Weather, Climate, and Society 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011wcas1077.1.
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Abstract Most people do not realize that hurricane destructiveness increases nonlinearly with increases in storm intensity. Three studies were conducted to examine people’s perceptions of hurricane destructive potential and their likelihood of evacuation. In the first study, undergraduate students (n = 349) provided damage ratings of hurricanes in each Saffir–Simpson category. A majority (84%) of students produced only linearly increasing damage profiles by hurricanes. In the second study, a simple random sample of Gulf Coast residents (n = 402) who participated in a telephone survey when a tropical storm was affecting the U.S. east coast revealed that a majority (77%) thought hurricane damages increased linearly with hurricane category and hence underestimated the damage major hurricanes could produce. In the third study, a simple random sample (n = 396) of Gulf Coast residents participated in an experiment over the telephone during an active phase of the 2008 hurricane season. One-half of the sample received information about the nonlinearly increasing damage potential of hurricanes; the other half received the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale category alone. The group in which hurricane damages were framed nonlinearly reported significantly greater self-reported likelihood of evacuation than residents who received the Saffir–Simpson hurricane category information. Studies 1 and 2 suggest that the public needs to learn more about the nonlinear relationship between hurricane intensity and the corresponding damages that may result. Study 3 suggests that framing possible storm damages in the nonlinearly increasing multiples of damages produced relative to a minimal hurricane may increase compliance with evacuation orders.
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Yang, Huaxia, Xiaoguang Li, Xinyu Liu, Yadong Wang, Jianchao Xue, Ziqi Jia, Xiaoying Yang, et al. "Comprehensive T-cell receptor repertoire of Chinese lung cancer patients related with age." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e21076-e21076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e21076.
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e21076 Background: Cancer is most commonly diagnosed disease worldwide and also a leading cause of death. Cancer is more common in older people, but it can also be found in younger people. As the importance of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire gains appreciation, particularly given their potential utility for cancer immunotherapeutic prognostication, the characteristics of TCR repertoire are needed. We detected the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) by TCR sequence to describe the correlation between diversity and clonality in human’s immune system and age. Methods: The TCRβ repertoire of 47 stage Ia lung cancer patients were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood or tissue, and used to amplified and sequenced the CDR3 region of rearranged TCRβ genes. Finally, we got the relative frequencies of patients T cell clones. Shannon index was calculated on the clonal abundance of all productive TCR sequences. Simpson index also was calculated to measure the clonality of TCR repertoire. MOI was a measure of the similarity in the T cell repertoire between tissue and blood taking into account the specific rearrangements and their respective frequencies. Results: In tissue, the Simpson index ranged from 0.00075 to 0.11466 (mean = 0.01343); Shannon index ranged from 2.91 to 8.95 (mean = 6.26). The age ranged from 27 to 78 (median = 63). Patients were divided into two groups based on median age. The older showed higher Shannon index (p = 0.005) but lower Simpson index (p = 0.0072) than younger patients in tissue. Further, the higher Shannon index was found in younger group in blood(p = 0.0411). Interestingly, the MOI of the older group was significantly higher than that of the younger group (p = 0.0181), suggesting that the older group had a relatively better TME immune response. Then, the usage of V and J gene segments were analyzed. Through statistical analysis and the frequencies of V and J gene usage, we identified that more V and J gene usage were different in older and younger patients. The TRBJ1-1 and TRBJ1-2 were more common in younger patients and TRBJ2-1 and TRBJ2-2 were more common in older patients. There was also more V gene usage different in both groups. Conclusions: Given that the use of certain TRBV regions is predominant in tumor tissues, our results suggested that there may be differences in immune responses of TME to tumors in younger and older patients.
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Miller, Kenneth R., and Jules S. Jacob. "Surface structure of the photosystem II complex." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085289.
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The Photosystem II (PS-II) complex is organized around a photosynthetic reaction center (RC) embedded in the photosynthetic membrane. PS-II traps the energy of sunlight and uses it drive highenergy electron transport across the photosynthetic membrane. PS-II is closely associated with a group of proteins known as the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which are bound to the inner surface of the photosynthetic membrane. This complex splits water to yield electrons that are passed to the RC, releasing molecular oxygen. We have used freeze-etch electron microscopy to study 2-dimensional crystals of the PS-II complex obtained from a photosynthetic mutant of barley (viridiszb63) kindly provided by Dr. David Simpson of the Carlsberg Institute of Copenhagen (Simpson & von Wettstein, 1980). The photosynthetic membranes of these mutant plants lack photosystem I, and consequently contain extensive crystalline membrane regions enriched in PS-II. These plants are an excellent source of PS-II sheetlike crystals, obtainable without the use of detergents or chemical modification: Figure 1, prepared by quick-freezing, deep-etching, and rotary shadowing, illustrates the appearance of these sheetlike crystals.
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Curran, Cynthia. "Private Women, Public Needs: Middle-Class Widows in Victorian England." Albion 25, no. 2 (1993): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051453.
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I do find this life so hard to bear. It is so dead & [Aunt] M so dictatorial yet I see nothing better could happen. Oh! for a home of my own….[A] wet day and oh! so dreary. [Aunt] Maria & I have fought like two tigers. How I hate it all, this dreary weary life. Oh! for a nice change or money to leave here. [Thursday, May 15, and Tuesday, May 20, 1879].So read a typical entry from the diary of the widowed Mrs. L.M. Simpson, born in 1839. The continuing refrains of a lack of money, a sense of not belonging and an unwilling dependence reverberate throughout her diary. She celebrated (if that is not too cheerful a term for such a morose notation) her fortieth birthday while writing in this journal, and noted the passing of her former wedding anniversary and the birthdays of each of her deceased parents. The most important entries dealt with persons who are no longer with her and happy events that took place long ago. This lamentation from Mrs. Simpson provides a startling contrast with the picture presented by a large group of historians.
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Jiang, Shao Yan, Wen Xing Wang, and Xiang Xin Xue. "Diversity in Microbial Carbon Metabolism of the Oil Shale at the Western Open Group in Fushun Basin." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.140.
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The oil shale in the Western Fushun Basin as research object was investigated by Biolog-ECO to explore the functional diversity in microbial carbon metabolism of the oil shale. The process of Biolog-ECO was that, first determining the microbial community level physiological patterns during the 7 consecutive days by ECO microplate, then analyzing the differences in microbial metabolism of different types of carbon. The results showed that there were significant differences of the rate and extent in different types of carbon metabolism. The metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and amines carbon were significantly better than other carbon sources in all microbial communities, while the metabolism of acid metabolite was poor. Through continuous multi-point measuring the diversity index of Shannon-wiener, Simpson and McIntosh, overall, the microbial diversity was good, but with the time passing, the functional diversity of the carbon metabolism decreased.
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Khanna, Sahil, Ken Blount, Courtney Jones, Bill Shannon, and Sharina Carter. "Successful Response to Microbiota-Based Drug RBX2660 in Patients with Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection is Associated with More Pronounced Alterations in Microbiome Profile." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.963.
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Abstract Background Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (rCDI) are associated with decreased diversity and altered intestinal microbiome compared with healthy patients. RBX2660, a standardized microbiota-based drug, is designed to restore microbiome diversity and composition in patients’. The effect of RBX2660 on rCDI patient microbiomes was evaluated by comparing pre- and post-treatment samples from PUNCH CD 2—a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Methods rCDIsubjects were randomized to receive blinded treatments of 2 doses of RBX2660 (Group A), 2 doses of placebo (Group B), or 1 dose each of RBX2660 and placebo (Group C), by enema 7 days apart. Subjects submitted stool samples at baseline, day 7, 30, and 60 after treatment. Stool samples from responders to RBX2660 treatment per protocol defined as the absence of CDI for 8 weeks after treatment were compared with non-responders. Relative taxonomic abundances at the class level were determined using 16s rRNA sequencing analysis for 94 stool samples from 45 patients in Groups A and C. Relative abundance data were grouped longitudinally using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. Analyses were performed based on the Dirichlet-Multinomial distribution to compare group mean relative taxonomic abundances; Simpson and Shannon diversity indices were compared among groups longitudinally. Results Baseline patient microbiomes were similar across response groups. RBX2660 treatment shifted the relative microbiome densities with taxa-specific increase in Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and decrease in Gamma-proteobacteria abundance. A larger shift from baseline microbiome was seen in responders to RBX2600 compared with non-responders (Figure 1). Microbiome changes in responders were durable to 60 days. RBX2660 treatment increased Shannon and Simpson diversity at 7 days post-treatment in responders but not in non-responders (P < 0.05). Conclusion RBX2660 treatment shifts patient intestinal microbiomes with greater alterations seen in those with a successful clinical outcome. Funded by Rebiotix Inc., Roseville, MN. Disclosures S. Khanna, Rebiotix, Inc.: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee; K. Blount, Rebiotix, Inc.: Employee, Salary; C. Jones, Rebiotix, Inc.: Employee, Salary; B. Shannon, Rebiotix, Inc.: Research Contractor, Consulting fee; S. Carter, Rebiotix, Inc.: Research Contractor, Consulting fee
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Zhu, Dan, Yong Ma, Sujuan Ding, Hongmei Jiang, and Jun Fang. "Effects of Melatonin on Intestinal Microbiota and Oxidative Stress in Colitis Mice." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2607679.
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This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and intestinal bacteria community in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to two treatments: mice with colitis induced by 5% DSS (DSS group) and mice with colitis induced by 5% DSS that also received melatonin treatment (MEL group). The DSS group showed significantly less antioxidant capability than the MEL group, but the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of diversity index (Shannon and Simpson), bacterial culture abundance (Chao1 and ACE), and coverage (Good’s coverage estimator). Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phylum in the DSS group (58.93%), followed by Firmicutes with 31.46% and Proteobacteria with 7.97%. In contrast, Firmicutes were the most abundant in the MEL group (49.48%), followed by Bacteroidetes with 41.63% and Proteobacteria with 7.50%. The results support the use of melatonin for prevention of intestinal bowel disease due to its modulatory effect on antioxidant capability and microbiota in mice with colitis. Melatonin was demonstrated to improve the oxidative stress resistance of mice with colitis and regulate the intestinal microbial flora, thus improving intestinal health.
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Hong, Zhu, and Meiyu Piao. "Effect of Quercetin Monoglycosides on Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Colitis." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8343052.
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The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to an intricate association of environmental, microbial, and host-related factors. This study examined the potential effects of dietary addition of two preparations from onion, one comprising quercetin aglycone alone (Q: 0.15% polyphenols, quercetin aglycone:quercetin monoglycosides, 98:2) and another comprising quercetin aglycone with monoglycosides (Q+MQ: 0.15% total polyphenols, quercetin aglycone:quercetin monoglycosides, 69:31), on dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced colitis in mice. The results revealed a significant decrease in the body weight gain of the mice with DSS-induced colitis, which was counteracted by the dietary Q or Q+MQ supplementation. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress indicated by myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum nitrate (NO) concentrations was higher in mice with DSS-induced colitis than in the control group mice, but dietary Q or Q+MQ supplementation counteracted this trend. The colitis mice demonstrated reduced Chao1, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and Shannon indices and an increased Simpson index, but the colitis mice receiving dietary Q or Q+MQ exhibited higher Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices and a reduced Simpson index. In conclusion, this research showed that even at a low dose, dietary Q or Q+MQ supplementation counteracts DSS-induced colitis in mice, indicating that Q or Q+MQ may be used as an adjuvant therapy for IBD patients.
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Sun, Haiyang, Xia Zhao, Yanxia Zhou, Jun Wang, Rui Ma, Xi Ren, Huaizhi Wang, and Lingyun Zou. "Characterization of Oral Microbiome and Exploration of Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4712498.
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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly malignant and lacks an effective therapeutic schedule, hence that early diagnosis is of great importance to achieve a good prognosis. Oral bacteria have been proved to be associated with pancreatic cancer, but the specific mechanism has not been comprehensively illustrated. In our study, thirty-seven saliva samples in total were collected with ten from PC patients, seventeen from benign pancreatic disease (BPD) patients, and ten from healthy controls (HC). The oral bacterial community of HC, PC, and BPD groups was profiled by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic methods. As shown by Simpson, Inverse Simpson, Shannon and Heip, oral microbiome diversity of HC, BPD and PC groups is in increasing order with the BPD and PC groups significantly higher than the HC group. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) suggested that grouping by PC, BPD and HC was statistically significant. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified high concentrations of Fusobacterium periodonticum and low concentrations of Neisseria mucosa as specific risk factors for PC. Furthermore, predicted functions showed changes such as RNA processing and modification as well as the pathway of NOD-like receptor signaling occurred in both PC and HC groups. Conclusively, our findings have confirmed the destruction of oral bacterial community balance among patients with PC and BPD and indicated the potential of Fusobacterium periodonticum and Neisseria mucosa as diagnostic biomarkers of PC.
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Avalyan, A. A., M. Yu Kirillova, V. N. Shitov, Ye V. Oshchepkova, M. A. Saidova, M. B. Stenina, and I. Ye Chazova. "Markers of early cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy depending on blood pressure level." Systemic Hypertension 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2075-082x_14.3.21-27.
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Objective. To study the possibility of the 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging in early detection of cardiotoxicity in patients with triple negative breast cancer and arterial hypertension (AH) during anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Materials and methods. 70 women (mean age 48.6±13.3 years) with triple negative breast cancer were enrolled. All patients underwent chemotherapy, including anthracycline, taxan, platinum-based agent. Echocardiography, including 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging, was performed on Vivid-E 9 ultrasound machine before and after 8 weeks of chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (the biplane Simpson`s method) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (mean normal GLS of -22.1±1.8 for women) were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - with AH (n=18) and group 2 - with normal blood pressure (n=52). Results. Before chemotherapy in group 1 GLS was lower than normal value (-19.1±2.8% vs -22.1±1.8%; p0.05). After chemotherapy in all patients GLS decrease was observed from -20.0±2.8% to -18.5±2.9% (p
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Mariniello, Giuseppe, Francesco Maiuri, Enrico de Divitiis, Giulio Bonavolontà, Fausto Tranfa, Adriana Iuliano, and Diego Strianese. "Lateral Orbitotomy for Removal of Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas Invading the Orbit." Operative Neurosurgery 66, suppl_2 (June 1, 2010): ons287—ons292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000369924.87437.0b.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE This study defines the indications, results, and limits of lateral orbitotomy coupled with resection of the sphenoid wing for removing lateral sphenoid wing meningiomas with intraorbital extension. METHODS Eighteen patients with lateral sphenoid wing meningiomas and tumor extension into the lateral or superolateral compartments of the orbital cavity were treated by microsurgical lateral orbitotomy and resection of the sphenoid wing without craniotomy. The approach consisted of a linear skin incision along the upper eyelid crease extending to 2 cm from the canthal angle and resection of the lateral orbital rim, lateral orbital wall, and infiltrated sphenoid wing. RESULTS A complete resection (Simpson I), including the infiltrated bone, dura, and periorbita, was obtained in 13 patients (72%); in the other 5 cases (28%), the tumor mass and most infiltrated dura were removed, but the entity of dural resection up to the normal tissue could not be exactly defined (Simpson II). Follow-up ranged from 5 to 17 years (mean 9.7 years). CONCLUSION A select group of lateral sphenoid wing meningiomas with tumor extension in the lateral or superolateral compartments of the orbital cavity may be successfully approached and removed through a lateral orbitotomy with resection of the sphenoid wing and without craniotomy. Cases with tumor extension to the anterior clinoid process and superior orbital fissure and those with extension medial to the axis of the optic nerve require a transcranial approach.
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Monroy-Velázquez, Luz Verónica, Rosa E. Rodríguez-Martínez, Paul Blanchon, and Fernando Alvarez. "The use of artificial substrate units to improve inventories of cryptic crustacean species on Caribbean coral reefs." PeerJ 8 (November 23, 2020): e10389. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10389.
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Motile cryptofauna inhabiting coral reefs are complex assemblages that utilize the space available among dead coral stands and the surrounding coral rubble substrate. They comprise a group of organisms largely overlooked in biodiversity estimates because they are hard to collect and identify, and their collection causes disturbance that is unsustainable in light of widespread reef degradation. Artificial substrate units (ASUs) provide a better sampling alternative and have the potential to enhance biodiversity estimates. The present study examines the effectiveness of ASUs made with defaunated coral rubble to estimate the diversity of motile cryptic crustaceans in the back-reef zone of the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Mexico. Species richness, Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon–Wiener index and the composition of assemblages were compared between ASUs and samples from the surrounding coral rubble substrate. A combined total of 2,740 specimens of 178 different species, belonging to five orders of Crustacea (Amphipoda, Cumacea, Isopoda, Tanaidacea and Decapoda) were collected. Species richness was higher in the surrounding coral rubble and Shannon–Wiener and Simpson indexes were higher in ASUs. Species composition differed between methods, with only 71 species being shared among sampling methods. Decapoda was more speciose in ASUs and Peracarids in the surrounding coral rubble. Combining the use of ASUs with surrounding rubble provided a better inventory of motile cryptic crustacean biodiversity, as 65% of the species were represented by one or two specimens.
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van de Kamp, Peter C. "Provenance, shallow to deep diagenesis, and chemical mass balance in supermature arenites and pelites, Ordovician Simpson Group, Oklahoma and Kansas, U.S.A." Sedimentary Geology 386 (May 2019): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.03.018.
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Champagne, Pierre-Olivier, Emile Lemoine, and Michel W. Bojanowski. "Surgical management of giant sphenoid wing meningiomas encasing major cerebral arteries." Neurosurgical Focus 44, no. 4 (April 2018): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.focus17718.
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OBJECTIVESphenoid wing meningiomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable surgical risks and prognosis. Those that have grown to a very large size, encasing the major cerebral arteries, are associated with a high risk of stroke. In reviewing the authors’ series of giant sphenoid wing meningiomas, the goal was to evaluate how the extent of the tumor’s invasion of surrounding structures affected the ability to safely remove the tumor and restore function.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of a series of giant sphenoid wing meningiomas operated on between 1996 and 2016. Inclusion criteria were meningiomas with a globoid component ≥ 6 cm, encasing at least 1 major intradural cerebral artery. Extent of resection was measured according to Simpson grade.RESULTSThis series included 12 patients, with a mean age of 59 years. Visual symptoms were the most common clinical presentation. There was complete or partial encasement of all 3 major cerebral arteries except for 3 cases in which only the anterior cerebral artery was not involved. The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus was invaded in 8 cases (67%) and the optic canal in 6 (50%). Complete resection was achieved in 2 cases (Simpson grades 2 and 3). In the remaining 10 cases of partial resection (Simpson grade 4), radical removal (> 90%) was achieved in 7 cases (70%). In the immediate postoperative period, there were no deaths. Four of 9 patients with visual deficits improved, while the 5 others remained unchanged. Two patients experienced transient neurological deficits. Other than an asymptomatic lacuna of the internal capsule, there were no ischemic lesions following surgery. Tumor recurrence occurred in 5 patients, between 24 and 168 months (mean 61 months) following surgery.CONCLUSIONSAlthough these giant lesions encasing major cerebral arteries are particularly treacherous for surgery, this series demonstrates that it is possible to safely achieve radical removal and at times even gross-total resection. However, the risk of recurrence remains high and larger studies are needed to see if and how improvement can be achieved, whether in surgical technique or technological advances, and by determining the timing and modality of adjuvant radiation therapy.
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Samii, Madjid, Gustavo A. Carvalho, Marcos Tatagiba, Cordula Matthies, and Peter Vorkapic. "Meningiomas of the tentorial notch: surgical anatomy and management." Journal of Neurosurgery 84, no. 3 (March 1996): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.84.3.0375.
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✓ Twenty-five meningiomas located at the tentorial notch were surgically treated between 1978 and 1993 at the Neurosurgical Department of Nordstadt Hospital in Hannover, Germany. Nineteen meningiomas were classified as originating from the lateral tentorial incisura (Group I) and six were from the posteromedial tentorial incisura (Group II). Clinically, the most common symptom was trigeminal neuralgia, followed by headache. Neuroradiologically, 64% of the meningiomas were larger than 30 × 30 mm. Further evaluation revealed signs of brainstem compression in 88% of the patients. Radical surgical removal (Simpson I and II) was achieved in 88% of the cases. There was no mortality. Follow up revealed that 80% of patients were able to return to their premorbid activity. Surgical approaches to the tentorial notch included the suboccipital retrosigmoidal or the combined subtemporal—presigmoidal approach for Group I tentorial notch meningiomas; and the supracerebellar—infratentorial or the suboccipital—transtentorial approaches for Group II meningiomas. Because the best surgical approach to the tentorial incisura is still a matter of debate, the anatomy of the tentorial incisura, the clinical presentation of the patients, diagnostic indications, surgical findings, and follow up are discussed, with reference to the literature.
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Toën, Bertrand. "Descente fidèlement plate pour les n-champs d’Artin." Compositio Mathematica 147, no. 5 (July 25, 2011): 1382–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x10005245.
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AbstractWe prove two flat descent results in the setting of Artin n-stacks. First of all, a stack for the etale topology which is an Artin n-stack (in the sense of Simpson and Toën–Vezzosi) is also a stack for the flat (fppf) topology. Moreover, an n-stack, for the fppf topology, which admits a flat (fppf) n-atlas is an Artin n-stack (i.e. possesses a smooth n-atlas). We deduce from these two results a comparison between etale and fppf cohomologies (with coefficients in non-smooth group schemes and also non-abelian). This work is written in the setting of the derived stacks of Toën and Vezzosi, and all of these results are therefore also valid for derived Artin n-stacks.
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Versteirt, V., S. Boyer, D. Damiens, E. M. De Clercq, W. Dekoninck, E. Ducheyne, P. Grootaert, et al. "Nationwide inventory of mosquito biodiversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in Belgium, Europe." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 2 (September 13, 2012): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000521.
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AbstractTo advance our restricted knowledge on mosquito biodiversity and distribution in Belgium, a national inventory started in 2007 (MODIRISK) based on a random selection of 936 collection points in three main environmental types: urban, rural and natural areas. Additionally, 64 sites were selected because of the risk of importing a vector or pathogen in these sites. Each site was sampled once between May and October 2007 and once in 2008 using Mosquito Magnet Liberty Plus traps. Diversity in pre-defined habitat types was calculated using three indices. The association between species and environmental types was assessed using a correspondence analysis. Twenty-three mosquito species belonging to traditionally recognized genera were found, including 21 indigenous and two exotic species. Highest species diversity (Simpson 0.765) and species richness (20 species) was observed in natural areas, although urban sites scored also well (Simpson 0.476, 16 species). Four clusters could be distinguished based on the correspondence analysis. The first one is related to human modified landscapes (such as urban, rural and industrial sites). A second is composed of species not associated with a specific habitat type, including the now widely distributed Anopheles plumbeus. A third group includes species commonly found in restored natural or bird migration areas, and a fourth cluster is composed of forest species. Outcomes of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed sampling scheme and support the choice of the trap type. Obtained results of this first country-wide inventory of the Culicidae in Belgium may serve as a basis for risk assessment of emerging mosquito-borne diseases.
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Sughrue, Michael E., Tene Cage, Gopal Shangari, Andrew T. Parsa, and Michael W. McDermott. "Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Patients Presenting With Meningiomas Arising Predominantly From the Floor of the Middle Fossa." Neurosurgery 67, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000370938.46353.77.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Little is known regarding meningiomas that primarily arise from the floor of the middle fossa as opposed to the sphenoid wing, the cavernous sinus, the anterior petrous ridge, or the lateral convexity dura. OBJECTIVE Given the relative paucity of literature addressing this disease entity, we review the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) experience with these tumors. METHODS Between 1991 and 2006, 1228 patients were seen by neurosurgeons at UCSF for meningiomas of which 17 (1.1%) patients met our criteria for a “middle fossa floor” meningioma, of which 15 underwent first-time surgery and were included in this series. The most common presenting symptoms were headache (9 patients), seizures (6 patients), trigeminal nerve dysfunction (5 patients), hearing loss (5 patients), gait disturbance (5 patients), and cognitive decline (3 patients). All patients underwent surgical resection via frontotemporal craniotomy, with or without orbitozygomatic osteotomy. RESULTS We were able to achieve a Simpson grade 1 or 2 resection in 10 of 15 patients (67%). The operative morbidity was clustered in 5 patients, as 10 of 15 patients (67%) experienced no operative morbidity. There were 4 known clinical recurrences in this group at 5 years median follow-up. All patients had either higher grade tumors, or received a Simpson grade 3 or higher resection. CONCLUSION We present the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of a series of patients presenting with meningiomas primarily arising from the concave floor of the middle cranial fossa. Given the relatively uncommon nature of these lesions, more investigation into the clinical behavior of this entity is warranted.
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Victor, C., S. Berta, T. Ivan, O. Silvia, C. Sandra, M. Estanislao, M. Luis Miguel, and J. Moreno. "Awkward movements: Extrapyramidal symptoms in a group of patients treated with aripiprazole long acting injectable." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S552—S553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2038.
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IntroductionExtrapyramidal symptoms are well known as side effects in therapy with antipsychotics. Explore this side effects is mandatory because they normally are a cause of treatment discontinuation or assess a change in medication. Some studies notice how long acting injectable antipsychotic cause less extrapyramidal symptoms than oral treatment, others does not find differences.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to analyze the extrapyramidal symptoms presented on a group of patients treated with aripiprazole long acting injectable (ALAI) follow-up in a mental health care center.MethodsDescriptive study of a group of patients treated with ALAI. To assess the possible extrapyramidal symptoms due to treatment we have used the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS). The follow up was 3 months after initiation of treatment.ResultsSix patients were included in the study, 2 women (33.3%) and 4 men (66.7%). The mean age of the sample was 37 years old. The different diagnoses of the group were 4 patients with psychotic disorder (66.7%; 2 schizophrenia, 1 schizoaffective disorder and 1 delusional chronic disorder) and the other 2 had an affective disorder (33.3%; both bipolar disorder). The average score for the SAS was 1.2 meaning normal results and therefore no significant extrapyramidal symptoms.ConclusionsIn our sample the average of the results obtained by applying the SAS is considered within normal limits. In our case as to extrapyramidal effects ALAI treatment has been well tolerated. A larger sample would be needed to obtain more reliable results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kukharenko, Svetlana S., Maria N. Yadrikhinskaya, Olga A. Shatskaya, Elena N. Drozdova, Aleksandra L. Kudryashova, Marina V. Shestakova, and Ivan I. Dedov. "Isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: opinions change." Problems of Endocrinology 62, no. 6 (January 12, 2017): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201662610-19.
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Aim — to compare the features of diastolic dysfunction (DD) with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) with arterial hypertension (AH) and in patients with essential hypertension (EH) without diabetes.Material and methods. The study involved 87 patients with DD with preserved LV EF: 53 patients with DM2 with AH and 34 patients EH without diabetes. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed by ultrasonic imaging system iE33 xMATRIX («Philips», USA). DD was determined in a complex: type on the basis of the ratio parameters of pulsed-wave (E/A) and tissue (e/a) Doppler; and severity on the Е/e values and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Myocardial contractile function was assessed by traditional LVEF by Simpson and more exactly, in details on the basis of the longitudinal, radial and circular deformation of the LV myocardium by speckle-tracking echocardiography (using the program Q-lab 3.0 Advanced Ultrasound Quantification software).Results. The groups were comparable in clinical characteristics. The average level of HbA1c in patients with DM2 was 8.2±1.7%. The average LV EF by Simpson in the EH group was 59.9±8.1, in DM2 — 58.3±6.7 (p=0.228). There were more severe disorders of LV Diastolic function in DM2 patients: the values of E/e (p=0.000) and PCWP (p=0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic patients (14,1±5,5 and 15,3±4,7 mm Hg) than in EH (9.7±2.3 and 11.9±1.3 mm Hg). Although that the LV EF (by traditional echocardiographic method of Simpson) was preserved in both groups , the LV global longitudinal strain (12.4±3.0) was significantly lower in DM2 (p=0.005), than patients with EH (16.6±2.0) by speckle-tracking echocardiography.Conclusion. Severity of LV DD are harder in Patients with diabetes and hypertension, than in patients with EH with the similarity of clinical manifestations and data of traditional echocardiographic methods. There were found initial disorders of LV longitudinal myocardial fibers contraction by speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with DM and preserved LV EF. The combination of impairment of systolic and diastolic function in diabetes is inseparable. Early development of combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction in DM2 is associated with a poor prognosis: a higher risk of early development of atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and progressive heart failure.
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Tupinambá, Daiva Domenech, Maurício Egídio Cantão, Ohana Yonara Assis Costa, Jessica Carvalho Bergmann, Ricardo Henrique Kruger, Cynthia Maria Kyaw, Cristine Chaves Barreto, and Betania Ferraz Quirino. "Archaeal Community Changes Associated with Cultivation of Amazon Forest Soil with Oil Palm." Archaea 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3762159.
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This study compared soil archaeal communities of the Amazon forest with that of an adjacent area under oil palm cultivation by 16S ribosomal RNA gene pyrosequencing. Species richness and diversity were greater in native forest soil than in the oil palm-cultivated area, and 130 OTUs (13.7%) were shared between these areas. Among the classified sequences, Thaumarchaeota were predominant in the native forest, whereas Euryarchaeota were predominant in the oil palm-cultivated area. Archaeal species diversity was 1.7 times higher in the native forest soil, according to the Simpson diversity index, and the Chao1 index showed that richness was five times higher in the native forest soil. A phylogenetic tree ofunclassified Thaumarchaeotasequences showed that most of the OTUs belong to Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group. Several archaeal genera involved in nutrient cycling (e.g., methanogens and ammonia oxidizers) were identified in both areas, but significant differences were found in the relative abundances ofCandidatusNitrososphaera andunclassified Soil Crenarchaeotic Group(prevalent in the native forest) andCandidatusNitrosotalea andunclassified Terrestrial Group(prevalent in the oil palm-cultivated area). More studies are needed to culture some of these Archaea in the laboratory so that their metabolism and physiology can be studied.
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Bui, Thong Ngoc Minh, Khiem Trong Hoang, and Huy Duc Hoang. "The functional feeding groups’ structure of aquatic insects in upstreams of Da Nhim river, Lam Dong province." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1138.
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Study on the functional feeding group (FFG) structure of aquatic insects in upstreams of Da Nhim river to understand the ecological functional groups in the watershed. The study investigated two headwater streams (A and B) of upper Da Nhim river in the dry and rainy seasons 2013). Quantitative sampling, diversity indices, grouping the FFGs and analysing correlation between the FFGs conducted in each season. Results showed that: (1) Shannon - Weiner indices (H') were 3.0-4.4, and Simpson indices (λ) were 0.06-0.13; (2) The FFG structure included five groups: collector - garthering (cg) (46 %), scrapper (sc) (31 %), collector - filtering (cf) (12 %), predator (p) (8 %) and shredder (sh) (3 %); (3) The correlations were possitive and stability in seasons. Shredder (sh) implied the intact riparian vegetation; and the occurrence of predators in both two seasons, implied the nutrient balance in the stream ecosystem. The FFG structures should be documented in the continuing lower reaches of the Da Nhim river to fulfill data in the whole system of Dong Nai river
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Iacob, G., and M. Craciun. "Atypical meningioma." Romanian Neurosurgery 19, no. 3 (November 9, 2012): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10282-012-0010-5.
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Abstract Objective: Atypical meningioma are an intermediate group of meningiomas, exhibiting less favourable biological behavior than classic benign tumours, but a relatively more favourable biological behavior than definitive malignant meningiomas. Subject of controversy, atypia in meningioma still generate discordance between accurate criteria defining malignancy and biological behavior, prediction of recurrence. Methods: This retrospective study intend to evaluate diagnosis on clinical and pathological data, treatment trends and early outcomes for 6 cases with atypical meningiomas occuring in 63 patients operated for benign meningioma in the last 5 years in our clinic between 2006-2011. All patients were explored CT, MRI, preoperative selective angiography and in all cases the WHO 2000 classification criteria were used to define atypical meningioma Results: Between 2006-2011 we operated 6 atypical meningioma of 63 benign meningiomas (9,52%). Tumor sites in the patients were: parasagittal (3 cases), convexity (2 cases), spheno-cavernous (1 case). All patients were operated and dural graft was done to all cases. The extent of surgical resection was Simpson’s grade 1 in 2 cases and Simpson’s grade 2 in four cases, to which radiation was administered after the first surgery with a dose ranging from 52-62 Gy. Regrowth (enlargement of tumour after subtotal resection) was noticed in 2 irradiated cases: one case after 2 years after the first operation, the patient was again operated - pathological diagnosis was malignant meningioma; in another case after 3 years, at operation it was the atypical meningioma. No chemotherapy was used in our cases. Conclusions: Atypical meningiomas are rare tumors, grow more rapidely, the diagnosis age ≥ 60 years, several histological criteria can define accurate identification to understand the biology of this group of tumors. Heterogenous contrast enhancement with marked peritumoral edema in neuroimaging are important; cerebral edema has prognostic value and should encourage fundamental and farmacologic research using anti VEGF and somatostatine analogs treatments. Surgery (Simpson grade 1) referring both tumor and dural implant area should be done de novo but also for recurrencies. Radiotherapy still are controversial without proven benefit and chemotherapy without statistic argues to improve quality of life.
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Islam, Md Anwarul, Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman, and Gazi Mosharof Hossain. "Floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Sitakunda Ecopark, Chittagong, Bangladesh." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 1 (September 25, 2016): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v5i1.29741.
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The present study dealt with the exploration and documentation of the floristic composition and phyto-diversity of Sitakunda Eco-park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 412 vascular plant species under 315 genera belonging to 94 plant families have been recorded from the study area during February, 2013 to April, 2015. Out of these recorded taxa, 330 were dicotyledons, 62 were monocotyledons, 5 were gymnosperms and 15 were pteridophytes. Among those, the maximum 144 species belonged to herbs followed by 138, 75 and 55 species as trees, shrubs and climbers, respectively. The species composition among the plant families varied in plant groups. In dicotyledonous group, Euphorbiaceae appeared to be the largest family with 35 species, whereas Poaceae showed the largest family containing 30 species among monocotyledonous group. The highest values of both Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices have been observed as 3.82 and 0.98, respectively to site D during monsoon season, whereas the lowest values 3.19 and 0.95, respectively of these indices were recorded in site A during summer season.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 29-45, 2016 (June)
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Duan, Miao, Jialin Yu, Jinxing Feng, Yu He, Sa Xiao, Danping Zhu, and Zhihui Zou. "16S ribosomal RNA-based gut microbiome composition analysis in infants with breast milk jaundice." Open Life Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2018-0025.
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AbstractBackgroundThis case-control study investigated an association between breast milk jaundice (BMJ) and infants’ gut microbiome. The study included determination of the diversity of the gut microbiome and identification of bacterial genera associated with BMJ.MethodsThe study population consisted of 12 infants with BMJ and 22 breastfed infants without jaundice (control). DNA collected from feces was analyzed by PCR amplification and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, and then sequenced with a MiSeq system. Relative quantification bioinformatics was employed to analyze the DNA sequencing data. An Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform was used to analyze 16S rRNA variable (V) regions V3 and V4 in stool samples.ResultsIn the control group, the proportion ofEscherichia/Shigella(genus level) in the gut microbiome (64.67%) was significantly higher than that of the BMJ group. However, the prevalence ofBifidobacteriumorEnterococcusin the gut microbiome of the two groups was similar. The Simpson index indicated that the diversity of the bacterial population in the BMJ infants was significantly narrower than in the normal infants.ConclusionThe prevalence ofEscherichia/Shigellain the gut of breastfed infants is important for lowering BMJ development.
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Javelle, Emilie, Aurélie Mayet, Matthieu Million, Anthony Levasseur, Rodrigue S. Allodji, Catherine Marimoutou, Chrystel Lavagna, et al. "Gut Microbiota in Military International Travelers with Doxycycline Malaria Prophylaxis: Towards the Risk of a Simpson Paradox in the Human Microbiome Field." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081063.
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Dysbiosis, developed upon antibiotic administration, results in loss of diversity and shifts in the abundance of gut microbes. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic widely used for malaria prophylaxis in travelers. We prospectively studied changes in the fecal microbiota of 15 French soldiers after a 4-month mission to Mali with doxycycline malaria prophylaxis, compared to changes in the microbiota of 28 soldiers deployed to Iraq and Lebanon without doxycycline. Stool samples were collected with clinical data before and after missions, and 16S rRNA sequenced on MiSeq targeting the V3-V4 region. Doxycycline exposure resulted in increased alpha-biodiversity and no significant beta-dissimilarities. It led to expansion in Bacteroides, with a reduction in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as in the group deployed without doxycycline. Doxycycline did not alter the community structure and was specifically associated with a reduction in Escherichia and expression of Rothia. Differences in the microbiota existed at baseline between military units but not within the studied groups. This group-effect highlighted the risk of a Simpson paradox in microbiome studies.
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Bauer, Jeffrey A. "Conodonts from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician), south-central Oklahoma." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 2 (March 1994): 358–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022940.
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Forty-seven samples of the Bromide Formation (Simpson Group) of south-central Oklahoma produced a collection of 10,216 conodonts assigned to 46 species. The conodont fauna is dominated by species ofPhragmodusandPlectodinaand indicates a latest Whiterockian to early Mohawkian (Black Riveran) or late Llandeilian to early Caradocian age. Five new species are named includingAnsella crassa, Bryantodina aequalis, Plectodina edentula, Walliserodus declivis, andPharagmodus ambiguus.The latter species is distinct fromPhragmodus flexuosusMoskalenko, a species to which it has been assigned in past reports.Analysis of conodont distribution with respect to the shallow-water Bromide lithofacies distinguishes shallow to deeper water conodont associations. Samples from shallower water facies containAnsella crassan. sp.,Cahabagnathus sweeti(Bergström),Curtognathusspp.,Eoplacognathus elongatus(Bergström),Erismodus typusBranson and Mehl,Oneotodus?ovatus(Stauffer),Phragmodus ambiguusn. sp.,Phragmodus flexuosus, andStaufferella falcata(Stauffer). Samples from deeper water facies contain forms such asAnsella nevadensis(Ethington and Schumacher) andBaltoniodus gerdae(Bergström).
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Carrière, P., D. Bonhomme, and T. Lempérière. "Amisulpride has a superior benefit/risk profile to haloperidol in schizophrenia: results of a multicentre, double-blind study (the Amisulpride Study Group*." European Psychiatry 15, no. 5 (August 2000): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00401-6.
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SummaryIn a multicentre, double-blind, flexible-dose study, 199 patients with paranoid schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorders received haloperidol (10–30 mg/d) or amisulpride (400–1200 mg/d) for four months. More patients in the haloperidol group withdrew prematurely (44% vs 26%; P = 0.0077) due to a higher incidence of adverse events. Amisulpride was at least as effective as haloperidol in reducing the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total score (–27.3 vs –21.9) (non-inferiority test; P < 0.001). The PANSS positive score improved to a similar extent in both groups whilst improvement in the PANSS negative score was significantly greater with amisulpride (–10.5 vs –7.2; P = 0.01). The percentage of responders on the Clinical Global Impression scale was also significantly greater with amisulpride (71% vs 47%; P < 0.001). Both the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) and the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) improved to a significantly greater extent under amisulpride. Haloperidol was associated with a greater incidence in extrapyramidal symptoms and with a greater increase in the Simpson-Angus score than was seen with amisulpride (0.32 vs 0.02; P < 0.001). In conclusion, amisulpride is globally superior to haloperidol in the treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia and significantly improves patients’ quality of life and social adjustment.
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Hollings, Pete, Philip Fralick, and Brian Cousens. "Early history of the Midcontinent Rift inferred from geochemistry and sedimentology of the Mesoproterozoic Osler Group, northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 389–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-084.
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The Mesoproterozoic 1108–1105 Ma Osler Group, a 3 km thick succession of basaltic flows and sedimentary units on the north shore of Lake Superior, is among the oldest expressions of the Midcontinent Rift. Basal sediments of the Simpson Island Formation (new name) deposited by braided fluvial systems record westward transport of debris eroded from local Archean and Proterozoic rock units. Strata deposited by this fluvial system are intercalated with, and overlain by, ocean-island basalt (OIB)-like basalts, which become increasingly contaminated up section (εNd(1100Ma) = +0.3 to –5.3). The light rare-earth element (LREE) enriched (La/Smn = 1.5–3.9) and heavy REE (HREE) fractionated (Gd/Ybn = 1.5–3.7) subaerial flows are divisible into two units that correlate with other sections of the Osler Group to the east, but simple correlations with more distant sequences are difficult. The volcanic rock dominated portion of the succession is overlain by a thin (25 m thick) conglomerate–sandstone assemblage representing southeast progradation of an alluvial fan in a semi-arid climatic setting. Clast lithologies and geochemistry indicate no extra-rift detritus was delivered from the hinterland of the fan. Various lines of evidence in both volcanic and sedimentary rocks support a scenario where early, pre-1108 Ma, subsidence along a north–south axis from the western arm of the rift to the Nipigon Embayment was replaced by subsidence along the east–west rift axis between 1108 and 1105 Ma.
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Gatterbauer, Brigitte, Sinan Gevsek, Romana Höftberger, Carola Lütgendorf-Caucig, Adolf Ertl, Ammar Mallouhi, Klaus Kitz, Engelbert Knosp, and Josa M. Frischer. "Multimodal treatment of parasagittal meningiomas: a single-center experience." Journal of Neurosurgery 127, no. 6 (December 2017): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.9.jns161859.
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OBJECTIVETreatment of parasagittal meningiomas is still considered a challenge in modern microsurgery. The use of microsurgical resection, radiosurgery, or a microsurgery-radiosurgery combination treatment strategy is often debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of parasagittal meningioma and provide evidence that a multimodal approach reduces complication rates and achieves good tumor control rates.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed long-term follow-up data on 117 patients who had been treated for parasagittal meningiomas at their institution between 1993 and 2013. Treatment included microsurgery, Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS), and radiotherapy.RESULTSThe median tumor volume prior to the first microsurgical resection was largest in the microsurgery-radiosurgery combination treatment group. Invasion of the superior sagittal sinus was significantly associated with a Simpson Grade IV resection and subsequent radiosurgery treatment. The Simpson resection grade did not influence time to progression or recurrence in benign meningioma cases. Complete sinus occlusion was followed by microsurgical resection of the occluded sinus, by tumor resection without resection of the sinus, or by GKRS. Histopathology revealed WHO Grade I tumors in most patients. However, a high percentage (33%) of atypical or malignant meningiomas were diagnosed after the last microsurgical resection. The time to recurrence or progression after microsurgery was significantly longer in patients with WHO Grade I meningiomas than in those with Grade II or III meningiomas. At follow-up, tumor control rates after GKRS were 91% for presumed meningioma, 85% for benign meningioma, 71% for atypical meningioma, and 38% for malignant meningioma.CONCLUSIONSA multimodal treatment approach to parasagittal meningiomas reduces the rate of complications. Thus, microsurgery, radiotherapy, and radiosurgery are complementary treatment options. Gamma Knife radiosurgery is safe and effective in patients with meningiomas invading the superior sagittal sinus. The procedure can be part of a multimodal treatment plan or administered as a single treatment in well-selected patients.
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WOOD, RODGER LL, CLAIRE WILLIAMS, and RUTH LEWIS. "Role of alexithymia in suicide ideation after traumatic brain injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, no. 6 (September 28, 2010): 1108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710001013.
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AbstractA high frequency of suicide ideation (SI) has been reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Simpson & Tate, 2002; Teasdale & Engberg, 2001). This study examined the frequency of SI following TBI, and its relationship to alexithymia, and depression, plus two components of depression—hopelessness and worthlessness. One hundred and five TBI patients and 74 demographically matched controls completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Ratings of SI, hopelessness, and worthlessness were extracted from the BDI-II. Results confirm a high frequency of SI (33%) and alexithymia (61%) after TBI compared with healthy controls (1.4% and 6.5%, respectively). A high frequency of alexithymia was also found in a sub-group of moderate-severely depressed TBI patients (70.68%) compared with two non-TBI depressed samples (53.92% and 44.8%). A significant association was found between SI and alexithymia in the TBI group, with the SI group reporting significantly higher TAS-20 total scores. However, logistic regression analysis found that worthlessness was the strongest predictor of SI after TBI. The results of this study suggest that increased attention should be directed toward emotional change after TBI, as alexithymia may mediate the development of worthlessness and, in turn, increase the risk of SI. (JINS, 2010, 16, 1108–1114.)
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Balan, Dhanya, and P. M. Sureshan. "Influence of seasonal and edaphic factors on the diversity of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and general observations on their ecology from Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 7 (July 26, 2017): 10386. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3000.9.7.10386-10395.
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Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) are a diverse group of invertebrate communities, which play significant, but often poorly acknowledged or understood roles in the delivery of soil ecosystem services. In the present paper we analyze the impact of seasonal and edaphic factors on the species diversity of scolopendromorph centipedes based on the field studies conducted in three selected sites. The study sites included a protected forest ecosystem, an undisturbed isolated hillock and a residential plot at Kozhikode District, Kerala, India. The study was performed from April 2011 to November 2012. Overall 486 individuals belonging to 18 species under the families Cryptopidae and Scolopendridae were collected. The range of Shannon-Wiener diversity was 0.89–2.58 and Simpson diversity was 1.91–13.69. Species diversity is also influenced by variations in seasons and various physico–chemical properties of soil in the study area. General observations on parental care, moulting, hibernation and ectoparasitism were also included.
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Saragih, Rawina, Darmawan Saptadi, Chindy Ulima Zanetta, and Budi Waluyo. "Keanekaragaman genotipe-genotipe potensial dan penentuan keragaman karakter argo-morfologi ercis (Pisum sativum L.)." Jurnal Agro 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/3230.
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Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman kacang komersial yang penting di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ercis lokal merupakan sumber populasi untuk meningkatkan kapasitas genetik hasil panen polong dan biji melalui seleksi galur murni. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari jarak dan keanekaragaman genetik, serta keragaman karakter 37 genotipe potensial ercis hasil seleksi galur murni varietas lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2018 di Desa Pendem, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 37 genotipe sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali, sehingga terdapat 111 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada masing-masing tanaman yakni karakter agronomi dan morfologi. Pengelompokan genetik didasarkan pada agglomerative hierarchical clustering dengan similiritas koefisien kolerasi Pearson dan metode aglomerasi unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA). Keanekaragaman genetik didasarkan pada indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) dan indeks Shimpson (D). Keragaman karakter agronomi dan morfologi 37 genotipe ercis menggunakan principal component analysis (PCA) dengan pendekatan tipe korelasi Pearson. Berdasarkan analisis klaster 37 genotipe ercis terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan 61 karakter agro-morfologi dengan koefisien kemiripan 89-99%. Diversitas genetik ercis dikategorikan sedang dengan nilai indeks Shanon-Wiener 1,5 dan nilai indeks Simpson 0,26 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat kelompok genetik yang mendominansi. Tiga puluh tujuh genotipe ercis memiliki keragaman yang luas. Keragaman kumulatif berdasarkan 61 karakter agro-morfologi yang diamati mencapai 87,83% yang melibatkan 44 karakter pada 16 komponen utama pertama.Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the important commercial legumes in the world, including in Indonesia. The aims of the research were to study genetic distance, diversity, and characters variability of 37 genotypes of pea. The experiment was conducted on March to June 2018 in Pendem, Junrejo, Batu City. The experimental design used a randomized block design with 37 genotypes as treatments and replicated three times. Observations was made on agronomic and morphological characters. Genetic grouping according to agglomerative hierarchical clustering with Pearson correlation coefficient similarity and unweighted pair group average agglomeration method (UPGMA). Genetic diversity based on Shannon-Wiener (H') index and Shimpson (D) index. Variability of agronomic and morphological characters in 37 genotypes was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) with Pearson correlation approach. The results showed that cluster analysis of 37 genotypes was divided into six groups in 61 agro-morphological characters with similarity coefficients of 89-99%. Genetic diversity was medium categorized with Shanon-Wiener index value of 1.5 and Simpson index value of 0.26. It was indicated that no dominating on genotypes group. Thirty seven genotypes of pea showed high variability. Cumulative variability on 61 observed agro-morphological characters reached 87.83% which involved 44 characters in 16 first principal components.
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McCreadie, R. G., R. Padmavati, R. Thara, and T. N. Srinivasan. "Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia: 18-month follow-up." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 2 (August 2002): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.2.135.
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BackgroundSpontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism have been reported in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia but there has been no previous study of the natural history of these conditions.AimsTo determine the prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in a group of never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia on two occasions separated by an 18-month interval.MethodDyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale using Schooler and Kane criteria for its presence; parkinsonism by the Simpson and Angus scale; and mental state by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia.ResultsThirty-seven patients were examined on two occasions. Nine (24%) had dyskinesia on both occasions, 12 (33%) on one occasion and 16 (43%) on neither occasion. Twenty-one (57%) had dyskinesia on at least one occasion. Thirteen patients (35%) had parkinsonism on at least one occasion.ConclusionsSpontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism fluctuate over time. The former was found on at least one occasion in the majority of patients. It is an integral part ofthe schizophrenic disease process.
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Brraich, Onkar, and Sunil Saini. "Phytoplankton Abundance and Species Diversity in Ranjit Sagar Wetland, Punjab (India)." Current World Environment 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.1.25.
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Species diversity, dominance and abundance of the phytoplankton community of the Ranjit Sager Wetland were studied during June, 2012 to May, 2014 on monthly basis. The main aim was to provide information about overall phytoplankton diversity of this wetland. Phytoplankton samples were collected using phytoplankton net and preserved in 5% formaldehyde solution on the spot, then brought to the laboratory for further analysis. Algae belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were recorded. The Bacillariophyceae was the most dominant group followed by the Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. A total of 26 genera were recorded, 12 were belonged to Bacillariophyceae, 11 to Chlorophyceae and 3 to Cyanophyceae. The different types of indices such as Margalef’s index, Simpson index, Shannon-Weaver index and species evenness index were employed to analysis the data. Phytoplankton converts light energy to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis so they act as primary producers and food for variety of aquatic organisms. Phytoplankton are also act as efficient bio-indicators to measure quality of water.
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Almedom, Astier, Ursula Blumenthal, and Lenore Manderson. "Public Health Engineering: Hygiene Evaluation Procedures." Practicing Anthropology 18, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.3.r34g7w5lv9g25205.
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Water and sanitation projects were among the first to which rapid appraisal methods were applied, primarily to monitor or evaluate projects where improved health status had not ensued as expected, following the provision of improved facilities. Qualitative research methods were used to identify perceived social, cultural, and behavioral barriers to full or appropriate use of these facilities. (See, for example, the World Health Organization's Minimum Evaluation Procedure (MEP) for Water Supply and Sanitation Projects [Geneva: WHO, 1983] and M. Simpson-Herbert, Methods for Gathering Socio-Cultural Data for Water Supply and Sanitation Projects [Washington, DC: UNDP/World Bank, Technology Advisory Group, 1983].) Water and sanitation-related hygiene practices are complex, however, and the relationship between the provision of infrastructure, health education, and behavior change have remained perplexing. It continues to be a major concern, too, since morbidity and mortality worldwide is associated in many ways with poor sanitation, lack of potable water, and detrimental hygiene practices.
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LIMA, Francisco José Santos, Luiz Henrique Medeiros da COSTA, and Ademir Oliveira da SILVA. "SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE ION UO22+ COORDINATED IN THE URANYL ACETATE UO2(H3CCOO)2.2H2O." Periódico Tchê Química 12, no. 24 (August 20, 2014): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v11.n22.2014.33_periodico_22_pgs_33_46.pdf.
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The cation complex uranyl UO22+, is an molecular ion very stable. It possesses a linear geometry O=U=O, with connections U-O short of the order of 1,75 Å. Studies returned for to the fictionalization of this ion, for the insert of appropriate ligands it has been enough discussed in the literature. In this work we studied the transitions in the area of the uv-visible of the ion uranyl coordinated to the against-cation acetate, derived chemist of the acetic acid, in the compound UO2(H3CCOO)2.2H2O, known as uranyl acetate. For that your transitions were observed, calculated and compared by force of the oscillator by the Gaussian and Simpson methods. Optical parameters of connection such an as effect nephelauxetic (1 - ), covalence factor b1/2, and Sinha parameter, they were also appraised. Our purpose is allow information of this chemical system, for subsequent researches involving this ion in complex systems obtained in general by our group and groups of researches.
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Gantuya, Boldbaatar, Hashem B. El-Serag, Takashi Matsumoto, Nadim J. Ajami, Khasag Oyuntsetseg, Dashdorj Azzaya, Tomohisa Uchida, and Yoshio Yamaoka. "Gastric Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive Gastritis Among High Incidence of Gastric Cancer Area." Cancers 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040504.
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related chronic gastritis is a well-known major etiological factor for gastric cancer development. However, H. pylori-negative gastritis (HpN) is not well described. We aimed to examine gastric mucosal microbiota in HpN compared to H. pylori-positive gastritis (HpP) and H. pylori-negative non-gastritis group (control). Here, we studied 11 subjects with HpN, 40 with HpP and 24 controls. We performed endoscopy with six gastric biopsies. Comparison groups were defined based on strict histological criteria for the disease and H. pylori diagnosis. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile the gastric microbiota according to comparison groups. These results demonstrate that the HpP group had significantly lower bacterial richness by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) counts, and Shannon and Simpson indices as compared to HpN or controls. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed the enrichment of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at phylum level in the HpN group. In the age-adjusted multivariate analysis, Streptococcus sp. and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were at a significantly increased risk for HpN (odds ratio 18.9 and 12.3, respectively) based on abundance. Treponema sp. was uniquely found in HpN based on occurrence. In this paper, we conclude that Streptococcus sp., Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Treponema sp. are candidate pathogenic bacterial species for HpN. These results if confirmed may have important clinical implications.