Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulação computacional de líquidos'
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Prado, Carlos Eduardo Resende. "Termodinâmica de líquidos iônicos via simulação computacional." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6082.
Full textIn this work classical molecular dynamics was used to study the pure ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [BMIM]+[BF4]-, and some solutions based in it. The OPLS-AA force field and CHelpG derived charges were used to represent the interactions. The results obtained for the pure liquid agreed well with theoretical and experimental data available. The diffusion of ions in this liquid was investigated through the solvation of KCl salt. The result showed that the diffusion of K+ and Cl- are small when compared with the diffusion observed in aqueous solution. The results obtained for K+ and Cl- ions are also small compared to the diffusion regime observed for the ionic pair [BMIM]+[BF4]- in water. The solvation of an oligopeptídeo, formed by six alanines, aminoacids in this liquid was investigated at two temperatures, 300K and 400K. The effect of water molecules in the oligopeptide neighborhood was also investigated. The spc-model (Simple Point Charge) was used to represent the water molecules. Compared to the peptide behavior in water the results obtained in the ionic liquid showed that the peptide structure was constrained. It was also observed that the presence of water molecules near the oligopeptide increased its conformational mobility. The effect media polarization on the electronic structure of ionic liquid components was analyzed investigating the dipole momentum distribution for 1,4-dimethylimidazolio cation in both isolated and in condensed phase. The dipole distribution for chloride in condensed phase was also performed.
Neste trabalho foi utilizada dinâmica molecular clássica para estudar tanto o líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio puro quanto algumas soluções baseadas nele. Para representar as interações foi empregado o campo de forças OPLS-AA com cargas parciais derivadas da metologia CHelpG. Os resultados obtidos para o líquido puro concordam com os dados teóricos e experimentais disponíveis na literatura. A difusão de íons neste líquido iônico foi investigada por meio da dissolução de um par iônico sal KCl. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a difusão dos íons K+ e Cl- é muito pequena se comparada à difusão destas espécies em solução aquosa. A difusão dos íons do cloreto de potássio no líquido iônico também foi muito pequena se contrastada com o regime difusicional observado para as espécies [BMIM]+ e [BF4]- diluídas em água. A solvatação de um oligopeptídeo, formado por seis alaninas, neste líquido foi investigada em duas temperaturas, 300K e 400K. O efeito causado pela presença de moléculas de água na vizinhança do oligopeptídeo também foi analisado. As moléculas de água forma representadas como modelo spc ( Simple Point Charge). Comparado com o comportamento do oligopeptídeo em água, observou em líquido iônico uma maior rigidez estrutural do oligopeptídeo. Foi também observado que a presença de moléculas de água próximas à molécula biológica aumenta a mobilidade conformacional desta. O efeito de polarização sobre a estrutura eletrônica do líquido iônico foi analisado por meio do estudo da distribuição do momento de dipolo do cátion 1,4-dimetilimidazólio isolado e em fase condensada. A distribuição do momento de dipolo para o ânion cloreto em fase condensada também foi investigada.
Cavalcante, Ary de Oliveira. "Simulação computacional de espectros Raman de líquidos iônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-15062009-084821/.
Full textIn this work, theory, experiment and simulation are conjugated to investigate ionic liquids. The observed components in the low frequency part of the spectra (the region between 0 e 200 cm-1) results from the roto-translational dynamics and from inter molecular interactions. In this sense, the vibrational spectroscopies are inserted in the context of techniques suitable for the studies of liquid dynamics. At the experimental part of this work, the temperature dependence of the low frequency part of the Raman spectra of ionic liquids is discussed with the purpose of comprehend the main changes across the glass transition phenomena. Computer simulation of molecular dynamics is used with appropriated polarizable models to describe the time evolution of the polarizability, with the aim to simulate the Raman spectra. From the systematic comparison of the results obtained from distinct models and from the complementarities of the information derived form each theoretical model we scrutinize one general landscape for the study of polarizability relaxation in such complex ionic systems. The electronegativity equalization method (EEM) was used and parameter set for the cations 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium is proposed for the calculation of the dynamics of the atomic partial charges and the polarizability considering the interactions of the polarizable ions with its environment in the liquid
LOURENÇO, Tuanan da Costa. "Simulação computacional de líquidos de interesse em tecnologia limpa." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/876.
Full textSince the ancient times the Earth has gone through several temperature changes, and these changes are closely linked to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, since the industrial revolution there was an exponential increase in emissions of greenhouse gases, thereby generating a temperature rise higher than expected. Several studies have been conducted to develop methods to capture those gases. One of typical methods presently used are aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine, however this technology has some disadvantages as a high environmental impact and high energy cost, thus new methods have been proposed. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered a promising technology for capturing CO2, which is one of the objects of study of this work. The effects of CO2 on the transport properties of the ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis (trifluorsulfonil) imide ([C2mim] [Tf2N]) and the local environment of interaction of CO2 in LI was investigated. A fluidization was observed in the ionic liquid caused by the gas present between the cation and anion structures by providing a shielding effect on cation-anion interactions resulting in decreased interaction and increased mobility of species in the environment. The absorption of carbon dioxide by the monoethanolamine (MEA) is made through gas reaction with the amine grouping, and to facilitate exposure of this grouping can generate a better reaction kinetics. Thus, we studied in this work dilution of monoethanolamine in acetonitrile (ACN) in order to observe the decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds and increased exposure of the amine grouping. However, it was observed that dilution of monoethanolamine can enhance the intermolecular interactions and decrease the distances of the hydrogen bonds and therefore favor the gauche geometry of the molecule. Recent studies show that a larger population of MEA this geometry makes the basic system and consequently more favorable reaction with CO2.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Costa, Luciano Tavares da. "Simulação computacional de eletrólitos poliméricos baseados em poli (oxietileno) e líquidos iônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-19102007-074147/.
Full textMolecular dynamics simulations of polymer electrolytes based on poly (oxyethylene), POE, and ionic liquids derived from 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were performed. We used united atom models, i.e. hydrogen atoms of the PEO chain and 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations are not explicitly considered. All of the potential parameters for intramolecular terms can be found in previous MD simulations of POE-LiCLO4 and ionic liquids systems. A systematic investigation of ionic liquid concentration, temperature, and the 1-alkyl-chain length, [1,3-dimethylimidazolium]PF6, and [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium]PF6, effects on resulting equilibrium structure is provided. It is shown that the ionic liquid is dispersed in the polymeric matrix and conformational changes on PEO chains upon addition of the ionic liquid are identified. Long-range correlations are assigned to non-uniform distribution of ionic species within the simulation box. Experimental data were obtained from thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy from poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether, PEGdME, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Correlations with previous theoretical results were revealed and coordination of the IL by the polymer occurs mainly in the amorphous phase. It has been obtained ionic conductivity κ ~ 10-3 S.cm-1 for polymer electrolytes at high temperatures. Ionic mobility in PEO/[bmim]PF6 is higher than in PEO/[dmim]PF6 and the structural relaxation in PEO/[dmim]PF6 and PEO/[bmim]PF6 also indicated that the material containing the smaller cation [dmim]+ exhibits more significant slowing down on the dynamics of PEO chains. Clear indications of reduced strength in ion correlations are the distinct time evolution of van Hove correlation functions for anions and cations, and the higher κ/κNE ratio in comparison with, for instance, the PEO/LiClO4.
Sereno, Alberto Manuel Carneiro. "Simulação computacional de operações de extracção líquido-líquido." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Engenharia -- -Departamento de Engenharia Química, 1985. http://dited.bn.pt:80/6551.
Full textSereno, Alberto Manuel Carneiro. "Simulação computacional de operações de extracção líquido-líquido." Doctoral thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Engenharia -- -Departamento de Engenharia Química, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/11778.
Full textDani, Silvia. "Simulação computacional por dinâmica molecular de propriedades de equilíbrio e espectroscópicas de misturas líquidas CS2/C6H6." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4107.
Full textArruda, Sobrinho Aparecido de. "Estudos de propriedades termodinâmicas e estruturais dos líquidos etilenoglicol e glicerol utilizando simulação computacional." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6088.
Full textEthylene glycol and glycerol are molecular liquids with many internal degrees of freedom. Rotations along specific chemical bonds allow the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to several stable conformational possibilities. Due to the capability of these liquids to form one or more hydrogen bonding with appropriate solutes, they have been used to verify the influences of these bonds in the conformational and thermodynamics properties of molecules. The studies were performed using Molecular Dynamics methodology implemented in the TINKER package. A combination of the force fields OPLS-AA (Optimized Potential for Liquid Simulations-All Atoms) and AMBER was used to represent molecular interactions. Structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid ethylene glycol in the ensemble NpT at temperatures of 265 K, 300 K, 350 K and 465 K and 1.0 atm were calculated. The same study was performed for glycerol at temperatures of 300 K, 400 K and 555 K. Internal rotations along all axes defined by bonds C-O and C-C had been considered. The formation and behavior of hydrogen bonds was as a function of time were particularly considered.
As estruturas moleculares do etilenoglicol e do glicerol permitem enorme variedade de conformeros que, associados a propriedade destas moléculas de formarem em fase gasosa uma, duas e até três ligações de hidrogênio intramoleculares, as tornam interessantes candidatas para o estudo de seus líquidos puros, onde ligações de hidrogênio intermoleculares também são possíveis. Neste trabalho verificou-se as influências das ligações de hidrogênio sobre as propriedades conformacionais e termodinâmicas destas moléculas. A simulação computacional destes líquidos foi efetuada com a metodologia de Dinâmica Molecular para se obter informações estruturais e sobre a dinâmica de formação de ligações de hidrogênio. Ao líquido etilenoglicol também foi aplicado o método de Monte Carlo, que apresentou resultados termodinâmicos satisfatórios. O programa de simulação TINKER foi utilizado para se obter dinâmicas estendidas até o tempo de 1,3 ns, no ensemble NpT, ajustado na pressão de 1,0 atm e nas temperaturas de 265 K, 300 K, 350 K, 465 K para o etilenoglicol e 300 K, 400 K, e 555 K para o glicerol. Neste programa as interações são descritas utilizando um campo força clássico com parâmetros OPLS-AA e AMBER. Rotações internas ao longo dos eixos definidos pelas ligações C-O e C-C foram consideradas, obtendo-se a evolução temporal de conformações e de formação de ligações de hidrogênio para ambos os líquidos. Os resultados termodinâmicos e estruturais obtidos estão em bom acordo com os dados experimentais. Estatísticas de populações de conformeros e de formação de ligações de hidrogênio em função da temperatura foram obtidas; dados estruturais obtidos apresentam relação com cálculos ab initio para a fase gasosa encontrados na literatura. Foram investigadas grandezas como calor de vaporização, entalpia, distribuição radial de pares, calor específico, etc. O método e campo de força utilizados mostraram-se plenamente satisfatório para reproduzir os dados experimentais disponíveis. Informações estruturais sobre a dinâmica da formação de ligações de hidrogênio na fase líquida permitem a idealização do comportamento das moléculas nesta fase condensada. Em geral, os resultados obtidos são coerentes entre si e permitem avançar na compreensão do comportamento molecular na fase líquida.
Goncalves, Paulo Fernando Bruno. "Novos modelos para cálculo de energia livre de solvatação em simulações de dinâmica molecular." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2572.
Full textMarques, Leite dos Santos Vivianni. "Estruturas e propriedades de fluidos supercríticos e líquidos iônicos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9705.
Full textSimulações computacionais com o método de Monte Carlo foram realizadas para a água, para o metanol e mistura água-metanol, em condições ambiente e algumas próximas da crítica, utilizando os modelos de quatro (TIP4P) e cinco (TIP5P) sítios para a água e um modelo de três sítios para o metanol. As estruturas geradas nas simulações, foram então utilizadas para análise das ligações de hidrogênio e presença de padrões de small-world. O comportamento de small-world foi caracterizado para água supercrítica, ao passo que para a água em condições ambiente um cluster gigante é formado e observa-se a percolação no sistema. De forma análoga a mistura água-metanol percola no sistema em condições ambiente e apresenta padrão de small-world na condição supercrítica (500 bar e 400oC). No caso do metanol verificamos uma estrutura que o distancia do comportamento randômico, entretanto, a presença ou não de padrões de small-world ainda é inconclusiva. Simulações computacionais com o método de Monte Carlo também foram realizadas para sais contendo o cátion BMI+ (1-Butil-3-Metilimidazólio) e os ânions Cl- e BF4 -. Os sais deste cátion e ânions são líquidos à temperatura ambiente, sendo então denominados de líquidos iônicos. Verificou-se que a flexibilidade da cadeia n-butil é provavelmente a responsável pela desordem dos sais que os mantém no estado líquido. As simulações de líquidos, geralmente, necessitam de um grande número de moléculas, de modo que o cálculo das interações pode tornar-se impraticável. Sendo assim, foi testado um método alternativo baseado em redes neurais artificiais (RNAs). Esta técnica foi testada para a água e extendida para descrever as interações entre as espécies iônicas formadoras dos líquidos iônicos. Superfícies de energia potencial (SEPs) foram então preditas por estes modelos baseados em RNAs, com pequenos erros randômicos, tanto para água líquida, como para o par [BMI+][BF4 -]. Contudo, estes erros ainda são suficientemente grandes para produzir simulações de Monte Carlo da água líquida inconsistentes com os resultados obtidos usando o modelo TIP5P. É importante citar que as simulações de Monte Carlo realizadas usando RNAs são 2 a 12 vezes mais rápidas do que aquelas usando os potenciais analíticos
Peres, Jose Carlos Gonçalves. "Análise de microrreatores usando a fluidodinâmica computacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-16072018-152921/.
Full textMiniaturized reaction vessels are drawing attention of chemical industries because they promote better mass and heat transfer and also enhance process safety. To understand the relevance of each element of a microreactor on the velocity field of the equipment and the corresponding mixing processes, several microdevices were simulated using computational fluid dynamics: an assembly of two channels, a T-junction, 30 channels in a serpentine assembly and a full microreactor. The cross section of the devices is 100 - 300 µm wide and the length of the channels varies between 3000 and 25190 µm. Computational domains were discretized using hexahedral meshes and steady-state velocity fields were computed considering laminar flow for flow rates between 12,5 and 2000 µL min-1. Mixing was evaluated by injecting inert tracers and monitoring their distribution. Simulations were validated against experimental micro particle image velocimetry data. Velocities throughout the devices are relatively high despite the small dimensions of the cross sections and small flow rates. Experimental images of the flow elucidated the parabolic shape of the velocity profile and its distortion on curved segments caused by centrifugal forces, matching predictions of the computational model. Tracer maps indicated secondary flows play an important role in mixing stream perpendicular to the main flow direction. This study emphasizes the use of computational fluid dynamics as a tool for understating flow throughout microdevices and supporting their design.
Marmitt, Sandro. "Investigação mecanística de ciclios orgânicos para fixação de CO2 na presença de líquidos iônicos : uma abordagem teórico-computacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134192.
Full textThe constant emission of CO2 into the atmosphere due to anthropogenic sources has generated a growing concern regarding the greenhouse effect. Many methodologies to reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration have been proposed and an alternative is the insertion of CO2 into epoxides to form cyclic carbonates. Although there are a lot of studies in this area, the reaction mechanism by which they occur is still unclear. In this work the cycloaddition mechanism of CO2 into different epoxides catalyzed by alkyl-imidazolium halide ionic liquids, CnMIm X (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 e X = Cl, Br, I), is presented. Density Functional Theory in conjunction with the functional !B97X-D and 6-31G(d,p) and LanL2DZ (for I atoms) basis sets were employed. Two distinct routes were proposed for the mechanism: one composed of three steps and another composed by only two steps. Both routes showed that the first step regarding the epoxide ring opening is the determined one and they are energetically competitive with each other. This step depends on both cation and anion from the catalyst to proceed through a non-classical hydrogen bond in the transition state. It was found that the activation energy decreases with the chain length of the alkyl group from the imidazolium ring as well as with the nucleophilic character of the halide (Cl > Br > I). The epoxide ring substituent also exerts influence on the activation energy of this reaction, but there is no well defined behaviour. The most favourable site for nucleophilic attack is the non-substituted epoxide ring carbon as was shown by the reaction energy difference and through reactive Fukui index and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis. 14 exchange-correlation density functionals were investigated and compared to the well established second order perturbation theory (MP2) method and G4MP2 composite method. One found out that the activation energies strongly depends on the chosen method. Through classical molecular dynamics it was possible to study the system 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide together with styrene oxide and CO2 e the formation of two phases with the presence of an interface was observed. Additionally, it was shown that the probability of the reaction to occur in the ionic liquid bulk is bigger because the catalyst/substrate proportion is bigger in this region. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics was used to prove that the H4 and H5 hydrogen atoms from the imidazolium ring may interact with the oxygen atom from the epoxide and activate the C–O bond for the reaction to proceed.
Ceriani, Roberta 1976. "Simulação computacional de processos de desodorização e desacidificação de oleos vegetais." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254933.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Moreira, Ney Henrique. "Estudos computacionais de interfaces liquido/liquido." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248854.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Garrido, Filho Anizio Marques, and Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear. "Estudo de escoamentos bifásicos gás-líquido em dutos verticais e inclinados através de simulação computacional." Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, 2018. http://carpedien.ien.gov.br:8080/handle/ien/2203.
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No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo sobre os escoamentos bifásicos gáslíquido verticais e inclinados, através da simulação computacional utilizando um software proprietário de CFD desenvolvido pela empresa ANSYS, o CFX. Neste trabalho utilizouse a versão 17.0 do CFX devidamente licenciado para o Instituto de Engenharia - IEN. A primeira parte dedicou-se à simulação em 3 dimensões de uma experiência de escoamento por diferença de densidade, de um bolsão de ar de 100,0 mm de comprimento, em uma fase líquida Inicialmente Estagnada dentro de um tubo de acrílico com 24,0 mm de diâmetro e 2,0 m de comprimento. Na experiência este bolsão de ar é posicionado na parte inferior do tubo pela rápida rotação do tubo assumindo a posição vertical e em ângulos de inlinação de 2,5°, 5°, 7,5°, 10° e 15°. O presente trabalho visou comparar os resultados computacionais com os experimentais. Este estudo demandou um tempo considerável para desenvolvimento, por causa das condições de execução da experiência serem ainda pouco abordadas em termos de simulação computacional. Foram necessários vários ajustes e tentativas, até se alcançar resultados satisfatórios próximos da realidade física da experiência. Neste primeiro estudo o objetivo foi conseguir nas simulações o aspecto morfológico do bolsão de ar e sua velocidade de deslocamento através de uma fase líquida composta de água ou glicerina, o mais próximo possível dos resultados experimentais. Na segunda parte deste estudo, fez-se a simulação por meio do software, de um experimento em construção destinado a ensaiar escoamentos bifásicos ascendentes com circulação forçada, numa tubulação de acrílico de 52,5 mm de diâmetro e 8,0 m de comprimento. Utilizou-se como guia neste estudo, um mapa de escoamentos bifásicos verticais ascendentes ar-água, notadamente reconhecido e elaborado por Taitel et al em 1980. Determinados pontos neste mapa, correspondentes aos tipos de escoamentos bifásicos verticais foram selecionados, e os dados de velocidade superficial de cada fase usados como condição de contorno nas simulações computacionais. Foram realizadas ainda, simulações com esses mesmos dados para condições de inclinação do escoamento de 15°, 30° e 45°. Estas simulações foram executadas em modo transiente no tempo decorrido de 15 s. O resultados visuais obtidos foram em perfis de variação sobre um plano e em 3 dimensões por isovolumes, ambos representando a variação dos parâmetros fração volumétrica, velocidade física e superficial. Foram obtidos os gráficos de fração volumétrica e velocidades fisica e superficial das fases para este tempo e as inclinações estipuladas. Através desses gráficos constatou-se que as variações significativas nos escoamentos ocorrem na faixa de 0° a 15°, e que a partir de 15° até 45° estas são pouco expressivas.
In the present work, a study was carried out on two-phase gas-liquid flows, vertical and inclined, through computer simulation using proprietary CFD software developed by ANSYS, the CFX. In this work was used the version 17.0 of the CFX duly licensed to the Institute of Engineering - IEN. The first part was devoted to the 3-dimensional simulation of a density difference flow experiment of an air pocket of 100.0 mm in length in a liquid phase stagnated inside a 24.0 mm acrylic tube diameter and 2.0 m in length. In the experiment this air pocket is positioned at the bottom of the tube by the rapid rotation of the tube assuming the vertical position and at inlet angles of 2,5 °, 5 °, 7,5 °, 10 ° and 15°. The present work aimed to compare the computational results with the experimental results. This study required a considerable amount of time for development, because the conditions of the execution of the experiment are still little discussed in terms of computational simulation. It took several adjustments and attempts until satisfactory results were achieved close to the physical reality of experience. In this first study the objective was to obtain in the simulations the morphological aspect of the air pocket and its velocity of displacement through a liquid phase composed of water or glycerin, as close as possible to the experimental results. In the second part of this study, the simulation was carried out using software of an experiment under construction to test two-phase upward flow with forced circulation in an acrylic tubing of 52.5 mm in diameter and 8.0 m in length. A vertical two-phase, air-water vertical flow map, notably recognized and elaborated by Taitel et al. In 1980, was used as a guide. Certain points on this map, corresponding to the types of vertical flows of two phases were selected, and the velocity data surface of each phase used as boundary condition in computational simulations. Simulations with these same data were also performed for flow slope conditions of 15 °, 30 ° and 45 °. These simulations were performed in transient mode at the elapsed time of 15 s. The visual results obtained were in profiles of variation on a plane and in 3 dimensions by isovolumes, both representing the variation of the parameters volumetric fraction, physical and superficial velocity. The graphs of volumetric fraction and physical and superficial velocities of the phases for this time and the stipulated inclinations were obtained. Through these graphs it was found that the significant variations in the flows occur in the range of 0 ° to 15 °, and that from 15 ° to 45 ° these are little expressive.
Martins, Mateus José Fernandes. "Estudo da adsorção do líquido iônico [BMIM]+[BF4] - sobre ꝩ Al2O3 por cálculos ab initio." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4303.
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Líquidos iônicos são, por definição, sais compostos por um cátion orgânico e um ânion inorgânico, com baixo ponto de fusão. Uma importante aplicação dos líquidos iônicos é que eles podem substituir os solventes convencionais. Recentemente, foram usados também como solventes co-catalisadores para aglomerados metálicos catalisadores no processo de retirada de compostos aromáticos do petróleo. O líquido iônico prepara e estabiliza as nanopartículas de irídio que catalisam as reações de hidrogenação dos compostos aromáticos. Os líquidos iônicos possuem diversas aplicações, porém possuem um custo muito elevado. Por isso, a ideia de suportálos em compostos já utilizados para esse fim é interessante, pois suportados, a quantidade necessária nas reações será menor. Dentre vários tipos de suportes catalíticos existentes, um dos mais importantes industrialmente é o óxido de alumínio, também conhecido como alumina, que possui a fórmula molecular Al2O3. A alumina possui uma grande variedade de estruturas de transição, dentre as quais se destaca a forma ꝩ . A gama-alumina ( ꝩ-Al2O3) é um material de imensa importância industrial e é usada como suporte catalítico automotivo e industrial, por exemplo, na catálise do refinamento do petróleo. Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo de simulação da adsorção do líquido iônico [BMIM]+[BF4] sobre a superfície (100) de gamaalumina visando uma compreensão a nível atômico da interação entre as espécies citadas. Para esse melhor entendimento foram obtidos resultados geométricos e energéticos de várias conformações do líquido iônico sobre a superfície do óxido para depois serem realizados cálculos de pósprocessamento tais como, análise de Bader, análise da densidade de cargas e a obtenção das frequências vibracionais. Os resultados energéticos mostraram que a conformação do líquido iônico sobre a superfície altera significativamente a energia do sistema, inspirando uma busca global dos sítios superficiais. A análise de Bader forneceu a localização das cargas do sistema enquanto o estudo da densidade de cargas mostrou detalhes das interações presentes na adsorção. Com a obtenção das frequências vibracionais foi possível simular espectros vibracionais na região de IV.
Ionic liquids are, by definition, salts formed by an organic cation and an inorganic anion, with a low melting point. An important application of ionic liquids is that they can replace conventional solvents. Recently, they were also used as cocatalysts (in the form of solvents) for metallic clusters, in the process of removal of aromatics from petroleum. The ionic liquid prepares and stabilizes the iridium nanoparticles that catalyze the reactions of hydrogenation of aromatic compounds. Ionic liquids have several applications,however they have a very high cost. Therefore, the idea of supporting them in compounds already used for this purpose is interesting because when they are supported, the required amount in the reactions will be less. Among several types of catalyst supports existing, one of the most important industrially are aluminum oxide, also known as alumina, which has the molecular formula Al2O3. Alumina has a variety of transitional structures, among which stands out the form g. The gamma-alumina ( ꝩ-Al2O3) is a material of great industrial importance and is used as catalytic support automotive and industrial, for example in the petroleum refining catalysis. In this present work we present a simulation study of adsorption of the ionic liquid known like [BMIM]+ [BF4]-on the (100) surface of gama-alumina looking for an understanding at the atomic level about the interaction between the species cited. For a better understanding, the results have been obtained from geometries and the energies of several conformations of the ionic liquid on the surface oxide for after realize calculations postprocessing such as analysis of Bader, charge density analysis and obtaining the vibrational frequencies. The energetic results, showed that the conformation of the ionic liquid on the surface significantly changes the system power, suggesting a global search of surface sites. The Bader's analysis, provides the location of system load while the study of the charge density shows the details of the interactions present in the adsorption. With the vibrational frequencies was possible to simulate vibrational spectra in the IR region.
Borges, Eduardo Madeira. "Desenvolvimento e simulação computacional de bombas eletromagnéticas termoelétricas para o controle do escoamento em reatores nucleares espaciais refrigerados a metal líquido." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1991. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1833.
Full textFlatschart, Ricardo Becht. "Simulação numérica paralela do escoamento ao redor de risers." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3132/tde-23112016-101531/.
Full textIn this work the dy6namic response of a marine riser due to vortex shedding is numerically investigated. The riser is divided in two-dimensional sections along the riser length. The Discrete Vortex Method is employed for the assessment of the hydrodynamic forces acting on these two-dimensional sections. The hydrodynamic sections are solved independently, and the coupling among the sections is taken into account by the solution of the structure in the time domain by the Finite Element Method. The numerical results are compared with results obtained experimentally. Parallel processing is employed to improve the performance of the method. The simulations are carried out through a master-slave approach using MPI Message Passing Interface to exploit the parallelism. Scalability of the algorithm is shown and discussed. This work represents the development of a simulator that effectively allows the dynamic analysis of a riser with representative characteristics and dimensions of real field conditions, with a feasible computational cost for its use as an engineering tool. This is obtained by means of the parallel processing technique, together with an efficient CFD solution of the flow with de Discrete Vortex Method and the solution of the structure with the Finite Element Method.
Neto, Rubens Domecildes. "Simulação da movimentação de combustível em tanques de aeronaves." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1040.
Full textSilva, Júnior João Lameu da 1986. "Modelagem e simulação fluidodinâmica de sistemas gás-líquido-sólido em leitos de lama usando CFD : síntese de metanol." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266016.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Nesta pesquisa investigou-se numericamente as características fluidodinâmicas de colunas de bolhas em leito de lama operando sob diferentes regimes de escoamento e concentrações de sólido particulado empregando a técnica CFD. A síntese de metanol em duas etapas (carbonilação e hidrogenação catalítica) também foi estudada numericamente em um reator em leito de lama. Na análise fluidodinâmica, o papel das interações entre as diferentes fases, a turbulência induzida pelas bolhas e o balanço populacional destas foram estudados. As predições das simulações foram validadas com dados experimentais obtidos da literatura. Na análise fluidodinâmica e cinética, os fenômenos de transferência de massa e de calor entre fases e as taxas das reações químicas foram avaliadas e os resultados foram comparados a dados experimentais de composição da fase líquida e de conversão do gás de síntese obtidos da literatura. As interações disperso-contínuo (arrastes gás-líquido e sólido-líquido) mostraram ser fundamentais na modelagem correta de sistemas trifásicos. As interações entre as fases dispersas (arraste gás-sólido e interação sólido-sólido) apresentaram influências significativas sob certas condições operacionais. O modelo de balanço populacional não-homogêneo promoveu bons resultados para a condição operacional estudada. A turbulência induzida pelas bolhas também demonstrou ser essencial na modelagem correta do escoamento de sistemas gás-líquido-sólido. Os modelos fluidodinâmicos com expressões cinéticas do tipo Langmuir-Hinshelwood para a síntese de metanol representaram bem o sistema reativo estudado. Em síntese, os modelos CFD propostos e simulados foram capazes de predizer o comportamento do escoamento de colunas de bolhas em leito de lama nas condições estudadas
Abstract: In the present work, numerical simulations using CFD were performed to study the fluid dynamic characteristics of a slurry bubble column operating under different flow regimes and particulate solid concentrations. The two-step methanol synthesis (carbonylation and catalytic hydrogenolysis) was also numerically investigated in a slurry bubble column reactor. In the fluid dynamic analysis, the role of phase interactions, bubble induced turbulence and population balance for bubbles were evaluated. The simulations were validated with experimental data from literature. In the fluid dynamic with chemical reactions analysis, mass and heat transfer between phases and reaction rates were evaluated and the results were compared with experimental data of liquid compositions and syngas conversion. Dispersed-continuous interactions (gas-liquid and solid-liquid drag forces) showed to be fundamental to model correctly three-phase systems. Dispersed-dispersed interactions (gas-solid drag force and solid-solid interactions) exhibited expressive influences under certain operating conditions. The inhomogeneous population balance model promoted good results for the operating conditions studied. Bubble induced turbulence is also an essential feature in the modelling of gas-liquid-solid systems. The fluid dynamic model with Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type rate expressions for the methanol synthesis represented well the reaction system studied. The proposed CFD models were capable to predict flow behaviour of slurry systems in the investigated operating conditions
Doutorado
Engenharia Química
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Cavalcante, Ary de Oliveira. "Forma de linha do espectro Raman do ânion croconato em diversos ambientes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-09092014-161633/.
Full textRaman spectroscopy is used for attainment of dynamic information of liquids. The ability of the croconate anion as a probe of the interactions is tested in the study of the glass transition in the salt tetra-n-butilammonium croconate (CTBA), [n-(C4H9)4N]2C5O5.4H2O, a very viscous liquid with glass transition temperature, Tg, at ca. 298K. The time correlation functions were obtained by Fourier transforming the contour of the Raman bands of the croconate\'s modes, C5O5-2. Theoretical models for vibrational dephasing were adjusted to these vibrational time correlation functions by the Kubo\'s equation. In this study, it was possible to find spectroscopic signatures of the glass transition that are interpreted in the light of the dynamics of the croconate anion, and the interactions of this anion with the surrounding environment. The miscibility of the CTBA with acetonitrile allowed for studies of the anion dephasing in this solvent. In these studies, a contrast with the results obtained for the saturated aqueous solution of the simple salt Li2C5O5 was noticed. The value of the correlation time of the fluctuation of the vibrational frequency, τc, in the diluted acetonitrile solution (τc ≈ 0,5 ps) is higher than the respective value in pure CTBA despite the high viscosity of the latter. The slow relaxation and the homogeneous environment probed by oxocarbon in the diluted solution of CTBA in acetonitrile corroborate the physical picture in which the short-range interactions between the molecules of acetonitrile and the croconate are not essential for the vibrational dephasing in this system, since the τc value in the aqueous solution is mainly determined by the tight structure of water molecules around the C5O5-2 due to the hydrogen bonds.
Georg, Herbert de Castro. "Estudo teórico da estabilidade estrutural e solvatação hidrofílica da alfa-ciclodextrina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-15122016-105928/.
Full textTheoretical study of the structural stability and hydrophilic solvation of \'alpha\'-cyclodextrin
Watanabe, Andre Luiz. "Projeto e simulação computacional dos reguladores de empuxo e de razão de mistura de um motor-foguete a propelente líquido por meio da técnica de grafos de ligação." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2316.
Full textCoutinho, Kaline Rabelo. "Modelo discreto de solvente. Solvatocromismo no espectro de absorção molecular." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-22062012-154558/.
Full textA approach based on the sequential use of Monte Carlo simulation and Quantum Mechanics is proposed and use for the treatment of solvent effects with special attention to solvatochromic shifts. The basic Idea is to perform a classical Monte Carlo simulation to generate supermolecular structures of the system, then to treat these supermolecules (solute, solvent and all its interaction) by quantum mechanics. This is a totally discrete modelo f the solvent that avoids the use of a dielectric continuum. In this approach, the supermolecules are composed by the solute molecule surrounded by the first solvation Shell as determined by the distribution function. The solvent effects are calculated using ensemble average over uncorrelated supermolecular structures obtained by statistical analysis. As na application, the spectral shifts of the 1B2u(- *) trnsition of benzene in different solvents are investigated. Good agreement with the experimental results are obtained.
Taham, Thiago. "Estudo da desacidificação por via fisica de oleos vegetais utilizando sistemas-modelos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255177.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenahria de Alimentos
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Resumo: A etapa de desacidificação por via física deve ser delineada de forma a aproveitar a grande diferença na volatilidade dos compostos indesejáveis e do óleo neutro sob altas temperaturas e vácuo, sem causar danos importantes aos nutracêuticos, sem produção excessiva de ácidos graxos trans e sem perda elevada de óleo neutro. Aprimorar as condições operacionais desta importante etapa do refino de óleos vegetais é um assunto relevante atualmente. Neste sentido, o uso de ferramentas computacionais na análise dos efeitos das variáveis de processo e da variabilidade da matéria-prima na qualidade do produto final torna-se bastante interessante. No entanto, a modelagem matemática de sistemas químicos complexos, como os óleos vegetais, demanda o levantamento de uma grande variedade de propriedades físicas e métodos preditivos, cuja acurácia pode ser questionada. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho investigou experimentalmente o processo de desacidificação por via física em batelada de sistemas-modelos graxos de composição conhecida (triacilgliceróis + ácidos graxos + tocoferol), seguindo planejamentos fatoriais, e validou os resultados finais das respostas de interesse, acidez final, concentração de nutracêuticos e perda de óleo neutro, gerados por simulação computacional nas mesmas condições de processo. Os desvios médios encontrados foram satisfatórios e comprovaram a capacidade da ferramenta de simulação de prever os valores finais próximos dos reais
Abstract: The steam deacidification step must be designed in order to take into account the high difference in the volatility of undesirable compounds and the neutral oil under high temperatures and vacuum, without causing damage to nutraceutical compounds, excessive production of trans fatty acids and neutral oil loss. To improve the process conditions of this important stage of vegetable oils refining is a relevant topic nowadays. Thus, using computacional simulation in the effect analysis of the process variables and the variability of raw material in the final product quality becomes relevant. However, the mathematical modeling of complex chemical systems, such as edible oils, requires knowledge of a wide variety of physical properties and predictive methods, whose accuracy can be questioned. This work studied experimentally the steam deacidification process of fatty model-systems with known composition (triacylglycerol + fatty acids + tocopherol), following experimental designs, and tried to validate the results responses of interest (final acidity, neutral oil loss and nutraceutical content), generated by computational simulation under the same process conditions. The mean deviation was satisfactory and showed the computational simulation ability to predict final results close to the real ones
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
Bourscheidt, Lucas. "Estudo computacional de líquidos iônicos do tipo dialquilimidazólio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4502.
Full textLopes, Marco Aurélio. "Projeto e simulação de resfriadores de líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-12092007-150005/.
Full textIn the last decade, the world passed trough an important transformation. The raise in the number of companies and globalization obligated the industry to increase production and quality to be competitive. This scene turns clear the importance of researches in the industrial refrigeration area. The cooling systems allow reduction in the manufacture time cycle, and consequently, rise in productivity, more reliability and quality of the final product. In this work, an analysis of the design, dimensioning and simulation of liquid chillers used for industrial refrigeration is presented. The main aspects of the hydraulic and refrigeration systems and the dimensioning of the components used in the equipment are analyzed. After the analysis of the project, a mathematical model of the system for simulation in equilibrium state is developed. The results of the simulations are compared with the data obtained during the tests and the maximum differences was 3ºC in the evaporating temperature, 2ºC in condensing temperature and 20% of cooling capacity. Additionally, the results show that the equipment hasn?t achieved the design capacity and changes were proposed in the compressor and air cooled condenser. The equipment has been tested and the data obtained has been compared with the simulation. It?s suggested to change the compressor for another model with higher capacity, to increase the heat exchange area and to reduce the number of fins in the air cooled condenser. Finally, the development of this work resulted in a simulation program of liquid coolers, very useful tool for analysis and optimization.
Silva, Carlos Soares Costa da. "Simulação de sistemas de motores foguetes a propelentes líquidos." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1995. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1659.
Full textAlvarez, Catalina Maria Rua. "Simulação computacional adaptativa de escoamentos bifásicos viscoelásticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45132/tde-07082013-112937/.
Full textNumerical simulation of incompressible multiphase flows has continuously of advanced and is an extremely important area in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) because its several applications in industry, in medicine, and in biology, just to mention a few of them. We present mathematical models and numerical methods having in sight the computational simulation of two-phase Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids (non-Newtonian fluids), in the transient and stationary flow regimes. The main ingredients required are the One-fluid Model and the Immersed Boundary Method on dynamic, adaptive meshes, in concert with Chorin-Temam Projection and the Uzawa methods. These methodologies are built from simple linear partial differential equations which, most naturally, are solved on adaptive grids employing mutilevel-multigrid methods. On certain occasions, however, for transient flows modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations (e.g. in problems where we have high density jumps), one has convergence problems within the scope of these methods. Also, in the case of stationary flows, solving the discrete Stokes equations by those methods represents no straight forward task. It turns out that zeros in the diagonal of the resulting linear systems coming from the discrete equations prevent the usual relaxation methods from being used. Those difficulties, mentioned above, motivated us to search for, to propose, and to develop alternatives to the multilevel-multigrid methodology. In the present work, we propose methods to explicitly obtain the matrices that represent the linear systems arising from the discretization of those simple linear partial differential equations which form the basis of the Projection and Uzawa methods. Possessing these matrix representations is on our advantage to perform a characterization of those linear systems in terms of their spectral, definition, and symmetry properties. Very little is known about those for adaptive mesh discretizations. We highlight also that we gain access to the use of external numerical libraries, such as PETSc, with their preconditioners and numerical methods, both in serial and parallel versions, to solve linear systems. Infrastructure for our developments was offered by the code named ``AMR2D\'\' - an in-house CFD code, nurtured through the years by IME-USP and FEMEC-UFU CFD research groups. We were able to extend that code by adding a viscoelastic and a stationary Stokes solver modules, and improving remarkably the patchwise-based algorithm for computing ghost values. Those improvements proved to be essential to allow for the implementation of a patchwise Bi-Conjugate Gradient Method which ``powers\'\' Uzawa Method.
Souza, Fábio Marques Simões de. "Simulação computacional do sistema olfativo de vertebrados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-14092002-092930/.
Full textThis work describes a biologically plausible simulation of the olfactory system of vertebrates. The constructed model was capable of reproducing satisfactorily important characterisitics observed in the vertebrate olfactory system, including the reception of different concentrations and odor types at the epithelium and the propagation of this information to the olfactory bulb. Also, it made possible the observation of the different response patterns, both in the epithelium as in the olfactory bulb, associated with different odors used in the simulations.
Rimes, Ighor Opiliar Mendes. "Uma Simulação computacional do passeio aleatório simples." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9258.
Full textIn 1828 it was observed a phenomenon under a microscope in which visualized tiny pollen grains dipped into a liquid at rest that move up at random drawing a disorderly movement. The point was to understand this movement. After about 80 years, Einstein (1905) developed a mathematical formulation to explain this phenomenon, called as Brown motion, increasingly theory developed in many areas, including recently on computational modeling. The goal is to score the basic assumptions inherent in the simple random walk considering experiments with and without boundary value problem for better understanding the use of algorithms applied to computational problems. The tools needed for applying simulation models of simple random walk in the first three dimensions of space were spelled out. The interest was directed as much to the simple random walk as to possible applications for the issue of the ruin of the player and the spread of viruses in computers network. Random walk algorithms simple one-dimensional without and with boundary value problem on the platform R were developed. At the same way, they were implemented for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, enabling future applications to the problem of the spread of viruses in computers network and as motivation to study the heat equation, although it requires a greater foundation in concepts of Physics and Probability to continue such application
Santos, Tiago Mateus dos. "Simulação computacional do processo de micro injecção." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2472.
Full textComo resultado do crescente consumo de micro componentes e sistemas com micro componentes incorporados, a micro injecção de materiais termoplásticos tem vindo a ganhar importância no seio tecnológico e industrial. Com a elaboração desta dissertação pretende-se desenvolver o conhecimento sobre os micro processos de fabricação, nomeadamente os micro processos de transformação de materiais plásticos, destacando-se o processo de micro injecção. Na fase experimental, recorrendo ao software Molflow Plastics Insight®, procedeu-se à elaboração de simulações computacionais do processo de micro injecção. Através da análise e discussão destas simulações retiram-se conclusões reveladoras das características deste processo. O tipo de análise mais adequado também é alvo de estudo na fase experimental. É utilizado o método de Taguchi como ferramenta de elaboração e análise de planos de experiências. Nesta dissertação são visíveis as vantagens trazidas por uma relação de simbiose entre o método de Taguchi e a análise computacional. ABSTRACT: As result to the growing consumption of micro components and micro embedded component systems, the micro injection of thermoplastic materials has been gaining importance within the technological and Industrial industries. The development of this dissertation, aims to develop the knowledge on micro manufacturing processes, including microprocessing procedures of plastic materials, especially the process of micro injection. The Molflow Plastics Insight® software used during the experimental phase, led to the development of computational simulations of the micro injection processes. Over analysis and discussion of these simulations derived revealing conclusions on the characteristics of this process. The most appropriate type of analysis is also target for study in the experimental phase. The Taguchi method is used as a tool in the elaboration and analysis of experience plans. In this dissertation, the benefits that are brought by a symbiosis relationship between the Taguchi method and the computational analysis are extremely visible.
Böes, Elvis Sidnei. "Estudo computacional de líquidos iônicos do tipo imidazólio com substituintes insaturados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55483.
Full textThe methods of computational quantum chemistry have been used to study the molecular structures and the interaction energies of cations and anions which are components of some functionalized ionic liquids derived from imidazolium. The objective of this study is comparing and relating the effects of the presence of functionalization of the side chains of the imidazolium with the properties of these ionic liquids. This functionalization can occur by the presence of unsaturated side chains, aromatic groups, ether, alcohols, thiols, amines, nitriles among other groups in the side chains. In this thesis are reported the studies of the complexes formed of tetrafluorborate anions and imidazolium cations with side chains methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, vinyl, propargyl, allyl, crotyl and methallyl, thus observing the effects of the presence of unsaturated side chains compared to saturated ones on the structures, charge distributions, interaction energies and physicochemical properties of these systems. It was observed in these systems strong effects of polarization and anion-cation charge transfer. It was found several relations between ionic volumes, interation energies of the ions and the transport properties of the respective ionic liquids.
Santos, Fernanda Olegario dos. "Simulação de escoamentos transientes em dutos de transporte de líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-17092010-145833/.
Full textThe transportation of petrochemical products through pipelines is the most common option, both in industrial applications involving long distances as well as in distribution networks in which a product must be delivered to a number of processes or customers. Due to safety and environmental reasons, the operation of such pipelines must include an on-line Leak Detection System (LDS) which promptly detects and assesses the occurrence of a leak, particularly if the transported product is toxic or inflammable. Analysis of hydraulic transients has been particularly useful for leak detection purposes. System observation for such analysis can reveal a substantial amount of information concerning physical properties and the integrity of the system, since pressure waves are affected by different features and phenomena, including leaks. This work presents the construction and validation of a numerical model suited to the simulation of a new leak detection technique, based on active acoustic inspection of the pipeline, which is capable of detecting pre-existing leaks. Numerical results were compared to the ones obtained from experimental tests conducted at the pilot pipeline of the Industrial Multiphase Flow Laboratory at University of São Paulo in the campus of São Carlos - SP and experimental data from literature. Results confirm that the numerical model captures the correct physics of the propagation phenomena. Particularly, a good agreement was found between experimental and numerical attenuation parameter, which validates our model as an on-line predictor to be used in a LDS system.
Brandão, Heloisa de Lima. "Simulação numérica da biodegradação de efluentes líquidos multicomponentes em rios /." Florianópolis, SC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77786.
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Tavares, Sílvia Garcia. "Simulação computacional para projeto de iluminação em arquitetura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8927.
Full textThis work presents computer simulation use in architectural lighting projects. Simulation tools have many possibilities of use in lighting projects and in this research these possibilities are tested in ECOTECT v5.20 e Lumen Designer 2006. Some simulations were developed to the Santander Cultural building, in Porto Alegre (RS). The aim of this work is to provide computer simulation tools understanding and spread it out amongst architects, providing comprehension of its facilities and difficulties. The literature revision was based on possible existing relationship between architecture, lighting and energy efficiency, lighting fundamentals and visual comfort, computer simulation use in architecture and some softwares presentation. The methodology is based on simulation lighting tests and aplied to office spaces, façades and the atrium of Santader Cultural building. Each of these spaces have a different way of use and lighting need, permiting to evaluate the possibilities of lighting simulation in different contexts. Evaluation results show the existence of lighting simulation softwares for many purposes, and also show that each of them can better adapted to specific cases (quantitative and qualitative lighting evaluation, and academic researches). To conclude, is presented the potencial use of simulation tools when adapted to specific cases where they will be applied and whenever the objective comprehension is presented, it becomes easier to understand the answers regarding simulations.
Ferreira, Paulo José Gonçalves. "Nanotubos de carbono: simulação computacional, DFT e DFTB." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5456.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Neste trabalho e apresentado um conjunto de resultados obtidos via simulação computacional para o módulo de Young de nanotubos de carbono do tipo armchair. Os casos tratados são os CNTs de coordenadas quirais (6; 6) perfeitos; com defeitos estruturais de vacâncias; com defeitos do tipo Stone-Wales; e por fim o caso no qual o tubo (6; 6) perfeito e interno a outro de coordenadas (11; 11), também perfeito, em con figura ção de parede dupla. O objetivo final e fornecer uma comparação, em relacão a precisão e ao custo computacional, entre a utilização de dois diferentes pacotes capazes de simular o comportamento dos nanotubos: o programa SIESTA, baseado na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), e o programa DFTB+, baserado na aproximação Tight-Binding com DFT. Ao longo do trabalho são trazidas também algumas explicações sobre o interesse nos nanotubos de carbono, a m de validar seu estudo, e a caracterização dos diferentes tipos conhecidos. E também efetuada uma descrição geral das simulações computacionais e das teorias nas quais se baseiam os programas utilizados.
This work presents a set of results, obtained by computer simulation, for the Young modulus of (6; 6) armchair type carbon nanotubes. Cases covered are the (6; 6) perfect nanotube; with vacancy structural defects; with Stone-Wales defects; and nally a multiwall case with (6; 6) and (11; 11) perfect tubes. The ultimate goal is to provide a comparison, regarding accuracy and computational cost, between the use of two di erent packages capable of simulating the behavior of these nanotubes: the SIESTA code, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), and the DFTB+ code, based on Density Functional Tight-Binding scheme (DFTB). Throughout the work are brought some explanations about the interest in carbon nanotubes, in order to validate the study, and the characterization of di erent types known. It is also given an overview of computer simulations and theories in which are based the programs used.
Moreira, Maria de Lourdes, and Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear. "Simulação computacional de escoamentos viscosos compressíveis/quase incompressíveis." Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, 1998. http://carpedien.ien.gov.br:8080/handle/ien/1953.
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É apresentada uma nova formulação, usando a técnica de elementos finitos, para escoamentos viscosos compressíveis e/ou quase-incompressíveis. A formulação combina as seguintes variáveis dependentes conservativas e não-conservativas: velocidade mássica (densidade*velocidade), energia interna e pressão. A principal característica do método é a derivação de uma equação discretizada para a pressão, onde as contribuições para a pressão provenientes dos balanços de massa, quantidade de movimento e energia são tomadas implicitamente na discretização temporal. Exemplos numéricos abrangendo uma larga faixa de número de Mach demonstram a robustez e versatilidade do novo método.
A new finite element formulation designed for both compressible and nearly incompressible viscous flows is presented. The formulation combines conservative and non-conservative dependent variables, namely, the mass-velocity (density*velocity), internal energy and pressure. The central feature of the method is the derivation of a discretised equation for pressure, where pressure contributions arising from the mass, momentum and energy balances are taken implicitly in the time discretisation. Numerical examples, covering a wide range of Mach number, demonstrate the robustness and versatility of the new method.
Melo, Thiago Luiz Chaves de. "Simulação computacional de propriedades dinâmicas de heteroestruturas semicondutoras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-27112018-141021/.
Full textIn this work we developed computational routines in Python for the calculation of the dynamic properties (spectrum of photocurrent and absorption) of semiconductor heterostructures based on Quantum Dynamics Theory. In a first stage of the development of the project the formulation based on the time evolution of the solutions of the time dependent Schrödinger equation was applied to systems with known analytical solutions or results already reported in the literature. Due to the excellent agreement between our data and those already known, in the next stage the transition energies observed in photoluminescence spectra for InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells, grown by MBE, were calculated taking into account the effects of stress and segregation of indium atoms. In the continuity of the project, special attention was given to the development of strategies to calculate absorption and photocurrent spectra for solid state devices. The set of results presented in this work demonstrates that the methodology developed is accurate and can be used with low computational cost for the modeling of more complex semiconductor heterostructures, which are used for the development of optoelectronic devices.
Marques, Márcio Alexandre. "Simulação computacional de parâmetros importantes dos sistemas radiológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-11062008-102226/.
Full textThis research is part of a work that aims the development of a computer simulation method which allows to evaluate the radiographic image quality in a faster and complete way, so that it doesn\'t present the problems found in the available methods used nowadays. The method developed in this work takes into consideration and simulates the important parameters of the radiologic systems such as: the focal spot size, the intensity distribution focal spot, the geometric conditions exposure, the field heterogeneity, the X-ray angular distribution, the antiscatter grid (Bucky), as well as the Compton effect. This developed computer simulation method achieves the image quality control of an object at any position of the radiation field. The simulation was done implementing the algorithms developed in C language and the results were displayed in a graphic way to facilitate the users comprehension.
Junior, Fernando Jaques Ruiz Simôes. "Simulação computacional de emissões eletromagnéticas em plasmas espaciais." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2008. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2008/04.22.20.20.
Full textIt is by now well known that electron beams play an important role in generating radio emissions such as commonly observed by spacecraft upstream of the Earth's bow shock and type II and III radio bursts. Electron beams streaming back from Earth's bow shock into the solar wind have been proposed as a possible source for the electron plasma waves observed by spacecraft in the electron foreshock. Recent researche suggest that multiple electron beams could be injected over a period of time. They tend to lose their individual identity to form just a single beam. In Earth's Bow Shock, particle observations have shown that high energy particles have some degree of gyrophase organization. Namely, the velocity distribution of the particle populations in the plane perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field depends on the gyrophase angle. In the first part of this work we solve numerically the nongyrotropic parallel dispersion relation using plasma parameters based on observational data that show a component of phase-bunched electrons upstream from the Earth's bow shock. The importance of nongyrotropic electron distribution in the upstream of the Earth's bow shock is not fully understood. To anticipate the nongyrotropic behavior, we solve numerically the gyrotropic parallel dispersion equation that shows the potential regions of strong coupling when the electron nongyrotropy is introduced. We find that the nongyrotropy can lead to a coupling between modes even when the temperature anisotropy is equal to 1. For a given nongyrotropic angle, the growth rate presents a dependence on the ratio between electron cyclotron and electron plasma frequencies as well as on the temperature anisotropy, known as an important player on determining the growth rates and the regions were instabilities occur. In the second part of this thesis we use an electromagnetic PIC code (KEMPO 1D, modified) to simulate two beams which are injected into a plasma at different times. The first beam disturbs the background plasma and generates Langmuir waves by electron beam-plasma interaction. Subsequently, another beam is inserted in the system and interacts with the first one and with the Langmuir waves to produce electromagnetic radiation. The initial conditions for the background plasma and the electron beams are based on the solar wind and electron foreshock observations. In our model we consider that the first and the second beams (for simple and multiples injections) are, at t=0, fully injected into the system, i.e., the beam occupies all the system; this is necessary to avoid grid effects at the boundaries and gives the possibility of using a simpler model. The results of our simulation show that the first beam can produce electrostatic harmonics of plasma frequency while the second beam modifier the harmonics emission that are produced by the first one. The second beam interacts very fast with the Langmuir waves due to the strong electric field and the phase coupling with the first beam. An increasing of electromagnetic and kinetic energies is also observed.
PAIVA, Cibele Nogueira. "A relevância do fator humano na simulação computacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2010. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1443.
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A simulação computacional a eventos discretos tem sido bastante utilizada para análises de sistemas complexos de manufatura. Contudo, tem se observado que o elemento humano não tem sido corretamente representado, pois este pode apresentar variações naturais em seu desempenho, o que pode gerar diferenças significativas entre os resultados previstos pelos modelos de simulação e os resultados obtidos no sistema real. Baseado neste contexto, o primeiro objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar como inserir fatores humanos em um modelo de simulação a eventos discretos. Posteriormente, o segundo objetivo foi analisar se a incorporação de fatores humanos em um modelo de simulação altera a qualidade dos resultados previstos pelo modelo sem a incorporação desses fatores. Para atingir aos objetivos apresentados, um estudo de simulação foi conduzido em uma linha de montagem com elevado número de atividades manuais, onde se propôs incorporar ao modelo de simulação dois fatores humanos que poderiam influenciar o desempenho do trabalhador: o trabalho em turnos e o ritmo circadiano. O método de pesquisa utilizado para a condução desta pesquisa foi a modelagem e simulação, composto por três fases: concepção, implementação e análise. De posse dos dados coletados na cronoanálise, realizada em quatro períodos durante cada turno de trabalho, estes foram adicionados ao modelo, o que resultou na alteração do tempo padrão considerado pela equipe da engenharia. Assim, foi possível avaliar a variabilidade ocorrida devido ao ritmo circadiano e também devido à mudança de turnos, através dos totais produzidos resultantes nos sete modelos de simulação (cenários) desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos testes de hipóteses mostraram que a consideração dos dois fatores é significativa quando comparados com o modelo da engenharia, que considerou os tempos de processamento coletados dentro do laboratório. Além disso, foi possível verificar a diferença ocorrida no total produzido quando considerados períodos diferentes durante os turnos de trabalho e também entre turnos. Conclui-se que a consideração do fator humano é significativa para construção de um modelo de simulação já que o desempenho do trabalhador é influenciado pela sua capacidade, formação, educação, ambiente físico e organizacional juntamente com suas características fisiológicas e psicológicas.
Luchini, Bruno. "Simulação computacional em escala microestrutural de compósitos cerâmicos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8812.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
The study of ceramic composites assisted by computer simulation is well spread nowadays. It is an interest of the ceramic industry the development of materials models trustfully enough to reduce cost with prototypes and virtually explore an infinitude of materials compositions and thermomechanical loads. The mismatch of thermal and mechanical properties among the composite’s phases may induce decohesions or cracks after temperature variation. The computer modeling of this behavior could auxiliate the planning of the systems’ composition, as it becomes possible to evaluate the influence of the concentration of an specific constituent on the global behavior. The present dissertation aims to analyze the role of the geometrical feature, such as inclusion radius and volume fraction, in the composite behavior submitted to temperature variation. It was also analyzed the application of coesive elements to simulate the cracking phenomena in ceramic systems. The main results of this dissertation were not only the thermomechanical properties influence on the global behavior of ceramic systems, but also the construction of finite element models that might be usefull to others reseachers on the investigation of the thermomechancial behavior of distincts ceramic systems.
O estudo de compósitos cerâmicos assistido por simulação computacional encontra-se em plena expansão. É de grande interesse da indústria cerâmica o desenvolvimento de modelos confiáveis de materiais o suficiente para reduzir os custos com protótipos e explorar virtualmente uma infinidade de possibilidades de composições e solicitações termomecânicas. A diferença entre as propriedades termomecânicas dos constituintes de compósitos pode induzir o surgimento de defeitos quando estes são submetidos a variações de temperatura. A modelagem computacional adequada destes sistemas nestas condições pode auxiliar no planejamento da composição do sistema, uma vez que é possível avaliar a influência da concentração de determinado constituinte no comportamento global do compósito. O presente trabalho objetiva analisar desde a influência do raio e fração volumétrica de inclusões até o efeito das diferenças de propriedades termomecânicas entre as fases no comportamento de compósitos cerâmicos submetidos a variações de temperatura. Analisar também, a aplicação de elementos coesivos na simulação da fissuração de sistemas cerâmicos. Como resultados principais, apresenta-se não só a compreensão dos efeitos de determinadas propriedades termomecânicas, mas também a construção de modelos em elementos finitos que podem ser utilizados por terceiros na investigação do comportamento termomecânico de sistemas cerâmicos.
Fernandes, Rafael Gomes. "Modelos mentais em mecânica introdutória : uma simulação computacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6280.
Full textBRITO, Silvan Gomes de. "Otimização do mapeamento genético vegetal via simulação computacional." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6513.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Genetic mapping based on the planning and establishment of the linear distance between marks associated with genes responsible for controlling qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The construction of genetic maps is considered the most impact applications of the technology of molecular markers in genetic analysis of species, potentially in plant breeding. A genetic map of linkage may be low, medium and high resolution in accordance with the greater or lesser number of genes or ordered markers. A factor of considerable importance to obtain consistent data that result in more accurate maps is the sample size or population, level of saturation in the linkage groups and marker type to be used. Thus, the aim of this work was to estimate the optimum size of population and saturation of the genomes were generated with saturation levels of 5, 10 and 20 cM, containing 210, 110, and marks 60, respectively, and F2 populations double-haploid populations. Each genome was composed of 10 linkage groups, with a size of 100 cM each. For each level of saturation of the genome populations were generated at 100, 200, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 individuals, with 100 replicates, each codominant and dominant markers used when the type F2 populations were dominant and only double-haploid populations. These populations were mapped using LODmín 3 and a maximum frequency of recombination of 30%. From the maps obtained were extracted information regarding the number of linkage groups and marks for group, size of linkage group, distance between adjacent marks, variance of the distances between adjacent marks, marks inversion obtained by Spearman correlation and degree of agreement of distances on maps with the original genome, obtained by the stress. Populations of the same size tend to produce maps with greater accuracy in higher levels of genome saturation. The optimum size of F2 populations for genetic mapping must be of at least 200 individuals when codominant markers are of type and 300 when the markers are the dominant type, regardless of the saturation level of the genome. While double-haploid populations in the optimal size was 200, 500 and 1000 individuals when the saturation levels of the genome were 5, 10 and 20 cM, respectively.
O mapeamento genético baseia-se no ordenamento linear e estabelecimento da distância entre marcas associadas a genes responsáveis pelo controle de características qualitativas e quantitativas. A construção de mapas genéticos é considerada uma das aplicações de maior impacto da tecnologia de marcadores moleculares na análise genética de espécies, e potencialmente, no melhoramento de plantas. Um mapa genético de ligação pode ter baixa, média e alta resolução, de acordo com menor ou maior número de genes ou marcadores ordenados. Um fator de fundamental importância para se obter dados consistentes que resultem em mapas mais acurados é o tamanho da amostra ou da população, o nível de saturação nos grupos de ligação e tipo de marcador a ser utilizado. Desse modo, objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar o tamanho ideal de população e saturação do genoma para a obtenção de mapas de ligação confiáveis por meio de simulação de dados em computador. Foram gerados três genomas com níveis de saturação de 5, 10 e 20 cM, contendo 210, 110 e 60 marcas, respectivamente, para populações F2 e populações duplo-haplóide. Cada genoma foi composto por 10 grupos de ligação, com um tamanho de 100 cM cada. Para cada nível de saturação do genoma foram geradas populações com 100, 200, 300, 500, 800 e 1000 indivíduos, com 100 repetições cada, sendo utilizado marcadores codominantes e dominantes quando as populações eram do tipo F2 e apenas dominante para populações duplo-haplóide. Estas populações foram mapeadas utilizando um LODmín de 3 e frequência máxima de recombinação de 30%. Dos mapas obtidos foram extraídas informações referentes ao número de grupos de ligação e de marcas por grupo, tamanho de grupo de ligação, distância entre marcas adjacentes, variância das distâncias entre marcas adjacentes, inversão de marcas obtida pela correlação de Spearman e grau de concordância das distâncias nos mapas com o genoma original obtida pelo estresse. Populações de mesmo tamanho tendem a produzir mapas com maior acurácia em níveis de saturação do genoma mais elevados. O tamanho ideal de populações F2 para mapeamento genético é de no mínimo 200 indivíduos quando os marcadores forem do tipo codominante e de 300 quando os marcadores forem do tipo dominante, independente do nível de saturação do genoma. Enquanto que em populações duplo-haplóide o tamanho ideal é de 200, 500 e 1000 indivíduos quando os níveis de saturação do genoma forem de 5, 10 e 20 cM, respectivamente.
Rodolpho, Augusto Cesar. "Contribuição a simulação computacional do processo de LPCVD." [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259953.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Este trabalho foi dedicado ao estudo e simulação do processo de LPCVD-Deposição Químka à partir da Fase Vapor sob Baixa Pressão. A deposição de silício por decomposição pirolítka de silana foi tomada como reação básica devido à sua importância e simplicidade, sem contudo perder-se a generalidade do tratamento adotado. Inkialmente é apresentado o processo de CVD à pressão atmosférica, como entendido pela teoria da camada limite. A seguir é discutido o processo de LPCVD. A textura do filme depositado e os micromecanismos de reação são analisados, o que leva à uma equação para a taxa de reação. Através de equações apropriadas são identificados os fatores principais que influenciam a uniformidade axial (de lâmina para lâmina) e radial (em uma lâmina) do filme depositado. Assumindo as restrições: (i) não há gradiente radial de temperatura, (ii) o crescimento é limitado por cinética de superfície e (iii) o transporte é realizado por fluxo laminar na região entre as paredes do reator e as lâminas e por difusão gasosa na região entre-lâminas, é sugerido um modelo para simulação de LPCVD, que considera: (a) a região vazia de entrada, (b) a expansão molar do gás e (c) a depleção de reagentes ao longo da direção principal do fluxo. O modelo desenvolvido apresentou resultados satisfatórios, tempo de computação bastante reduzido e um tratamento matemático mais simples que aqueles encontrados na literatura, modelos estes que utilizaram as mesmas restrições e considerações (i}-(iii) e (a)-(c). Finalmente as tendências em CVD são apresentadas e discutidas. Tendências estas que apontam para sistemas do tipo lâmina única, de paredes frias, com monitoração in situ e intenso controle computadorizado
Abstract: This work deals with the study and simulation of LPCVD-Low Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition- a basic process for thin film deposition. The reaction of silicon deposition by silane pyrolisis is adopted for its simplicity and importance without sacrifieing the quality of treatment. To begin with, we present the atmospheric presure CVD technique in the light of the boudary layer theory. Later we discuss the LPCVD process. The texture of the film deposited and the micromechanisms of the said reaction are analysed, as a function of the inputs. Using the derived equations, we identify the main factors that influence the axial homogeneity (wafer to wafer) as well as the radial homogeneity (within the wafer) df the deposited filmo Assuming the restrictions: i) there is no radtial temperature gradient, ii) the growth is limited by surface kinetics, and iii) transport is due to a laminar flow in the annular region and gaseous diffusion in the space intra-wafers, an interesting model is sugested to the simulation of the batch type, hot wall, LPCVD reactor, taking into account: (a) the empty inlet tube, (b) the molar expansion of the gas, and (c) the depletion of reactants along the main flow direction. The developed method of simulation provides satislactory results with reduced computer processing time and a rather simpler mathematical evaluation when compared with proposed models in literature, using the same restrictions and conditions. Finally, the future trends in CVD processing are in brief presented. They point to single wafer, cold wall, photo- and plasma assisted systems with in situ measurements and intense computerized control
Mestrado
Vieira, Camila de Oliveira. "Simulação computacional de escoamentos de fluidos magnéticos em cavidades." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/34166.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF).
Neste trabalho estudamos escoamentos de fluidos magnéticos em uma cavidade com paredes móveis. Propomos uma formulação vorticidade-função de corrente para resolver o escoamento e a equação de evolução da magnetização. As equações que regem o escoamento foram discretizadas utilizando o método de diferenças finitas. Identificamos os principais parâmetros físicos adimensionais do problema como o número de Reynolds, coeficiente de pressão magnético, tempo de relaxação magnética, magnetização de saturação e a intensidade adimensional do campo aplicado. O campo magnético é gerado por um fio condutor pelo qual passa uma corrente elétrica permanente. O fluido é considerado fracamente magnetizável e o campo magnético é localmente constante. Desta forma, o limite magnetostático das equações de Maxwell é satisfeito fracamente. Com esta geometria bem conhecida estudamos os efeitos de cada um dos termos da equação da magnetização no escoamento. Vimos que o termo convectivo da equação da magnetização transporta fluido magnético no escoamento causando mudanças na magnetização local do fluido no regime permanente. O termo da vorticidade intensifica os desvios angulares da magnetização e verificou-se que o termo precessional é um termo restaurador da magnetização. A fim de obter escoamentos com distribuições de velocidades e vorticidade mais intensas em toda a cavidade, estudamos várias configurações de paredes móveis na cavidade e observamos mudanças cada vez mais significativas no regime permanente quanto mais paredes se moviam. Observou-se que para altos valores do coeficiente de pressão magnética, os escoamentos na ausência do termo precessional, ou seja, para fluidos magnéticos simétricos, o regime das equações governantes não são mais permanentes estacionários, e sim periódicos. Além disso, o aumento do coeficiente de pressão magnética nos leva a regimes aperiódicos. Finalmente, simulações preliminares com campo homogêneo foram realizadas na tentativa de isolarmos os efeitos do termo de precessão na equação da magnetização e do termo de torque magnético no rotacional da equação de Navier-Stokes.
In this work we studied flows of magnetic fluids in a lid driven cavity. We proposed a vorticity-streamfunction formulation to solve the flow and an evolution equation for the magnetization. The equations governing the flow are solved using a finite differences scheme. We identified the main dimensionless physical parameters of the problem as the Reynolds number, magnetic pressure coefficient, magnetic relaxation time, saturation magnetization and the dimensionless intensity of the applied field. The magnetic field is generated by a conductive wire through which a permanent electric current passes. The fluid is considered weakly magnetizable and the magnetic field is locally constant. In this way, the magnetostatic limit of Maxwell's equations is satisfied weakly. With this well-known geometry we study the effects of each of the terms of the magnetization equation in the flow. We have seen that the convective term of the magnetization equation carries magnetic fluid in the flow causing changes in the local magnetization of the fluid in the steady state. The vorticity term intensifies the angular deviations of magnetization and it has been found that the precessional term is a magnetization restoring term. In order to obtain flows with more intense distributions of velocities and vorticity throughout the cavity, we studied several configurations of moving walls in the cavity and observed more and more significant changes in the permanent regime as more walls moved. It was observed that for high values of the magnetic pressure coefficient, flows in the absence of the precessional term, that is, for symmetrical magnetic fluids, the steady state regime of the flow is not stationary, but periodic. In addition, the increase in the magnetic pressure coefficient leads us to aperiodic regimes. Finally, preliminary simulations with homogeneous field were performed in an attempt to isolate the effects of the precession term on the magnetization equation and the magnetic torque term in the rotational of the Navier-Stokes equation.
Aurich, Mauren. "Simulação computacional do comportamento do concreto nas primeiras idades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-22052009-122353/.
Full textThe study of the early age properties of concrete is becoming more important, because the thermal effects and the shrinkage, even in the first hours, could generate cracks, increasing the permeability of the structure and being able to induce problems of durability and functionality. The detailed study of the stresses development during the construction process can be decisive to keep low the cracking levels. In this work a computational model, based on the finite element method was implemented, to simulate the early age concrete behavior, having as a special feature, the evaluation of the cracking risk. The finite element analysis encloses the computational modeling of the following phenomena: chemical, thermal, diffusion and mechanical which occur at the first days after the concrete cast. In the chemical analysis, the heat generated by the exothermic reactions of cement hydration is evaluated. In the thermal analysis the program still considers the heat flow due to differences in temperatures between the body and the environment. Considering the thermal and geometric properties of the body, the nodal temperatures are determined. The following analysis is the humidity diffusion. Using the similarity between the equations that describe the phenomena of heat transfer and humidity diffusion, the same thermal analysis procedures are used to evaluate the pore relative humiditys nodal values. In the last analysis, mechanical, the stress states due to temperature and humidity variations, evaluated in the previous steps, and also due to shrinkage and creep are calculated. When the stress state in a determined sample point reaches the rupture surface, the point is considered cracked. The program evaluates cracking through a smeared fixed crack model. The developed software results were compared with experimental values found in the literature, demonstrating an excellent agreement for all the implemented analysis.
Gavira, Muriel de Oliveira. "Simulação computacional como uma ferramenta de aquisição de conhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18140/tde-20052003-004345/.
Full textIn the last years, the computer simulation has become a vital tool in the development of several self-learning techniques, as well in the acquisition of knowledge in the engineering teaching and in the managerial training. The simulation used in the early years of the Operational Research boarded the potential problems by obtaining the best possible results for each part of the model. However, as the complexity of such problems increased, the need for more systemic and generalist approaches has also increased. Initially, the simulation was performed by general programming languages as FORTRAN. But, as the complexity of the observations and the capability of the computer resources increased, Simulation Languages (like GPSS) and Dynamic System Simulation Software (dynamo, STELLA etc) were developed. This methodology (System Dynamics) uses concepts of the systemic thought to solve problems and to analyze systems. In that context, the main objectives of this work are to identify and to analyze the potential aspects of the simulation based on System Dynamics when applied in the engineering teaching and in the managerial training.
Senhorini, Kathy Camila Cardozo Osinski. "Simulação computacional de sistemas de registro de imagens mamográficas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-30062016-140609/.
Full textThe present research has as main objective the development of a computational method for verification of the best combination screen-film for mammographic examinations through the study of its sensitometric characteristics. The software interface was developed in Delphi for windows and display the image to be gotten for each type of combination screen-film, using images of Phantoms and real breasts. Because several factors influence the final mammographic image, such as magnification, characteristic of the films and screens and conditions of the processing, the method can provide an ample evaluation of the quality of the systems of mammographic image of a simple, fast and automatic form, through procedures of computational simulation. The simulation investigates the influence of a register system on the quality of the image, making it possible to know the final image previously to be gotten with different equipment and register systems. Three films (Kodak Min R 2000, Fuji UM MA-HC and Fuji ADM) and two screens (Kodak Min R 2000 and Fuji AD Mammo Fine) was avaliable and the screen Min R 2000 with film Min R 2000 was the best result with less exposure.