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Journal articles on the topic 'Simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

EGUAGIE, M. O., and J. F. BAMIDELE. "GROWTH RESPONSE, YIELD AND MINERAL NUTRIENT RELATIONS OF Capsicum frutescens L. EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 5, no. 2 (2022): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v5i2.246.

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Studies on the effect of simulated acid raid rain (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and control pH 5.6) on the growth, yield and mineral nutrient relations of Capsicum frutescens (chilli pepper) was carried out. Simulated acid rain (SAR) prepared by adding sulphuric acid and nitric acid in the ratio 3:1 to distilled water to get the desired pH, was sprayed to the plants. The experimental result indicated that under the stress of simulated acid rain, growth parameters which include plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of the test plant and stem girth decreased with decreasing pH values. Le

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A., A. J. Mofunanya, and Soonen L. "Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 21, no. 4 (2017): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31863.

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<strong>Aims:</strong> To determine the physiological and morphological responses of <em>Amaranthus hybridus </em>leaf area, shoot height, stem girth, leaf number, petiole length, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of leaf, shoot and root, relative growth rate (RGR) and chlorophyll (chl.) content to simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain. <strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, between February and April, 2016. <strong>Methodology: </strong>Thirty five poly bags were used. Simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain (SNAR a

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I. S, ADAMU, UKAOMA A. A, DURU, C. M, ABDULLAHI Z. A, UMAR A. M, and ADAMU M. "GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF Capsicum annum L. EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN." BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041) 6, no. 03 (2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.44.

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Rain is inherently acidic, human anthropogenic activities including pollution from homes, companies, power plants, and car vehicles, which result in the release of molecules like Carbon dioxide, Nitric dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide, are making it more and more acidic. The screen house experiment was undertaken to assess how acid rain affects plants. In the lab, to create acid rain concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) were mixed in a 2:1 ratio. The desired pH level was measured using a Duplex pH meter. The plant was simulated with acid rain (pH 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, an

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Helander, M. L., T. N. Sieber, O. Petrini, and S. Neuvonen. "Endophytic fungi in Scots pine needles: spatial variation and consequences of simulated acid rain." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 8 (1994): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-135.

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Within- and among-tree variation in assemblages of endophytic fungi in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles were studied in a subarctic area where background pollution values are low; the effects of tree density and prolonged simulated acid rain on the occurrence of endophytic fungi were investigated. The needle endophyte most frequently isolated was Cenangium ferruginosum, accounting for 64% of all fungal individuals, followed by Cyclaneusma minus (12% of all individuals). Old needles were colonized more frequently by endophytes than young ones. In young needles the colonization by endophyte

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Mofunanya, A., and L. Soonen. "Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 21, no. 4 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/31863.

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Vieno, M., M. Komulainen, and S. Neuvonen. "Seed bank composition in a subarctic pine–birch forest in Finnish Lapland: natural variation and the effect of simulated acid rain." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 3 (1993): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-042.

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The seed bank composition and seedling densities were determined for a subarctic pine–birch forest. Samples (12 × 12 cm) were taken from plots that had received sulphuric acid and (or) nitric acid irrigation of pH 3 for 5 years and from irrigated control plots. The average seedling density per plot calculated from seedbank samples was 912/m2, varying from 191 to 5240. All the main aboveground taxa were present in the emerging seedlings with Betula sp. and Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum being dominant. Other common seed-bank species included Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and

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Hern, J. A., G. K. Rutherford, and G. W. vanLoon. "Chemical and pedogenetic effects of simulated acid precipitation on two eastern Canadian forest soils. I. Nonmetals." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (1985): 839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-136.

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An experiment involving the addition of simulated acid rain to two Canadian Shield orthic humo-ferric podzolic forest soils was carried out in the field and in the laboratory. Soils were subjected to treatments of pH 5.7, 3.5, and 2.0 water containing added nitric and sulphuric acids in a 1:2 molar ratio. Pore-water concentrations of H+, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and Cl− were monitored at depths of 15–60 cm for up to 2 years. Some of the laboratory columns were dismantled after 1 year and total soil N, S, soil pH, and S adsorption characteristics were measu

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Mofunanya, A., and K. Egah. "Effect of Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rains on the Nutrient Content of Amaranthus hybridus L." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 11, no. 4 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2017/31862.

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Piervittori, R., L. Usai, F. Alessio, and M. Maffei. "The Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Surface Morphology and n-alkane Composition of Pseudevernia Furfuracea." Lichenologist 29, no. 2 (1997): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0067.

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AbstractThe effects of simulated sulphuric acid rain were investigated, under controlled laboratory conditions, on the surface structure and n-alkane composition of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea. Thalli were collected from Larix decidua bark in a wood in a Piedmont alpine valley and treated with three concentrations of H2SO4. The response to simulated acid rain was a clear change in the quantitative alkane composition, with a decreasing trend observed for C28 and C30 with increasing sulphuric acid concentration. From a morphological point of view, a progressive reduction of the surface am

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Shabnum Masood, Er. Ajay Kumar Duggal, Er. Shabina Masoodi, Er. Irtiza Khurshid, and Er. Gulam –Mohi-ud-din Rather. "Improvement in bituminous surface course using waste plastic in acid-rain susceptible area’s." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 3 (2021): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.3.0479.

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Acid rain as an important environmental issue has negative impact on bitumen performance, thereby shortening the service life of bituminous pavements. Rapid industrial and economic developments causes negative changes in the environment, including acid rain. Acid rain consisting of sulphuric acid and nitric acid has adverse effects on bituminous pavements. Both these acids react with the bitumen and adversely effect’s the properties of the bitumen leading to degradation of pavements at early stage of life. Early degradation of such pavements can be reduced to some extent by using waste plastic

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Shabnum, Masood, Ajay Kumar Duggal Er., Shabina Masoodi Er., Irtiza Khurshid Er., and Gulam –Mohi-ud-din Rather Er. "Improvement in bituminous surface course using waste plastic in acid-rain susceptible area's." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 3 (2021): 405–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5561716.

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Acid rain as an important environmental issue has negative impact on bitumen performance, thereby shortening the service life of bituminous pavements. Rapid industrial and economic developments causes negative changes in the environment, including acid rain. Acid rain consisting of sulphuric acid and nitric acid has adverse effects on bituminous pavements. Both these acids react with the bitumen and adversely effect’s the properties of the bitumen leading to degradation of pavements at early stage of life. Early degradation of such pavements can be reduced to some extent by using waste p

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Helander, M. L., H. Ranta, and S. Neuvonen. "Responses of phyllosphere microfungi to simulated sulphuric and nitric acid deposition." Mycological Research 97, no. 5 (1993): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81175-1.

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Anthony, P. U. "ACID RAIN-AN INVISIBLE THREAT." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 1 (2002): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.1.11.

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Acid Rain is defined as precipitation (rain) that has a pH lower than 5.6, which is the pH expected in distilled water exposed to the atmosphere. (pH is a measure ot the acidity or alkalinity of a water sample.) The pH Of precipitation undoubtedly is affected by a variety of natural sources of acidic and alkaline materials (e.g. volcanic gases, gases from decompoSng Organic matter and soil dust). However it has recently become apparent that rain and snow in certain regions of the earth are consistently more acidic than expected. The European Atmosphere Chemistry Net Work first recognized that

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Smolakova, Michaela, and Adriana Estokova. "Evaluation of concrete deterioration under simulated acid rain environment." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 1 (2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2019-0005.

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Abstract Acid rain is identified as one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and it is mainly a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Deterioration of concrete structures exposed to aggressive acid rain attack is a key durability issue that affects the performance and maintenance costs of vital civil infrastructures. The motivation for understanding the acid rain corrosion process is high because of the early age deterioration of many concrete structures exposed to acid rain. The main objective of this study was to investigate the durability of concrete specimens with different

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Zhang, Yuyang, Tao Yu, Wenbao Ma, Buddhi Dayananda, Kenji Iwasaki, and Junqing Li. "Morphological, Physiological and Photophysiological Responses of Critically Endangered Acer catalpifolium to Acid Stress." Plants 10, no. 9 (2021): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091958.

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Acid rain deposition (AR) has long-lasting implications for the community stability and biodiversity conservation in southwest China. Acer catalpifolium is a critically endangered species in the rain zone of Western China where AR occurs frequently. To understand the effects of AR on the morphology and physiology of A. catalpifolium, we conducted an acid stress simulation experiment for 1.5 years. The morphological, physiological, and photosynthetic responses of A. catalpifolium to the acidity, composition, and deposition pattern of acid stress was observed. The results showed that simulated a

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Zhang, Ying-zi, Ying-fang Fan, and Hong-nan Li. "Influence of Simulated Acid Rain Corrosion on the Uniaxial Tensile Mechanical Properties of Concrete." International Journal of Corrosion 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/172394.

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An experimental study on the uniaxial tensile property of concrete exposed to the acid rain environment was carried out. Acid rain with pH level of 1.0 was deposed by the mixture of sulfate and nitric acid solution in the laboratory. Dumbbell-shaped concrete specimens were immersed in the simulated acid rain completely. After being exposed to the deposed mixture for a certain period, uniaxial tensile test was performed on the concrete specimens. The results indicate that elastic modulus, tensile strength, and peak strain have a slight increase at the initial corrosion stage, and with the exten

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Brown, Daniel A., Mark T. Windham, Robert L. Anderson, and Robert N. Trigiano. "Influence of simulated acid rain on the flowering dogwood (Cornusflorida) leaf surface." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (1994): 1058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-138.

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Acidic rainfall has the potential to influence anthracnose incidence and severity in flowering dogwood (Cornusflorida L.) of the eastern United States. One-year-old, nursery-grown flowering dogwood seedlings were exposed to 1 cm of simulated rain 10 times over a 42-day period in 1990. Simulated rains were composed of a mixture of salts typical of ambient rainfall in the eastern United States and pH was adjusted to 5.5, 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5 with sulfuric and nitric acids. Samples were cut from the leaf tip, margin, and midvein of rain-treated trees and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Cu

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SUN, Bing, Mengxi LI, Die HU, Xiao PAN, and Yongjun FEI. "Effects of exogenous NO on antioxidant system of Taxus plants under simulated acid rain stress." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 2 (2021): 12052. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212052.

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Taxus is a famous medicinal and landscape tree species. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the resistance of Taxus plants to acid rain stress and to identify Taxus species with strong acid rain resistance by principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. In this study, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as the exogenous NO donor. The effects of different SNP solution concentrations on the antioxidant systems of three Taxus species subjected to simulated acid rain stress (pH = 3.0) were compared. In order to achieve this goal, we deter

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Wang, Jiao, Qingpeng Yang, Weidong Zhang, et al. "Response of Soil Respiration to Simulated Acid Rain with Different Ratios of SO42− to NO3− in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. and Michelia macclurei Dandy Plantations." Forests 13, no. 11 (2022): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111915.

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Acid rain is one of the most serious environmental issues in Southern China. The composition of acid rain has gradually changed from sulfuric acid rain (SAR) to nitric acid rain (NAR) due to the rapid development of industry, and controls on SO2 emissions. However, a comprehensive understanding of how changes in the type of acid rain affect soil respiration (Rs) in forest ecosystems is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the influence of simulated acid rain with different SO42−/NO3− ratios, namely, SAR (4:1), MAR (mixed acid rain, 1:1), and NAR (1:4), on Rs in Cunninghamia lanceolata

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Zhou, Meijia, Haibo Hu, Jinlong Wang, Ziyi Zhu, and Yuanyuan Feng. "Nitric Acid Rain Increased Bacterial Community Diversity in North Subtropical Forest Soil." Forests 13, no. 9 (2022): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091349.

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Nitric acid rain (NAR) seriously affects the biogeochemical cycles of forest communities’ ecosystems. However, the effects of NAR on the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community remain unclear. In this study, a typical subtropical forest of Quercus acutissima was selected and simulated spraying of NAR at pH 2.5 (AR2.5), 3.5 (AR3.5), and 4.5 (AR4.5) was implemented to investigate the response of the forest soil bacterial communities to NAR. The results showed that the total number of OTUs of soil bacteria in AR2.5 and AR3.5 treatments was 1.11 and 1.23 times that in the control

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Yan, Daoliang, Tiantian Zhang, Yushuang Chen, Jiejie Jiao, and Bingsong Zheng. "Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Ilex chinensis Response to Different Types of Simulated Acid Rain." Forests 16, no. 3 (2025): 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16030485.

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Acid rain has many negative effects on the ecological environment and poses serious abiotic stress onto plants, resulting in substantial ecological and economic impairments annually. Ilex chinensis, a well-known medicinal plant, is sensitive to acid rain, but its response mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we simulated sulfuric acid rain (SAR), mixed acid rain (MIX), and nitric acid rain (NAR) at different pH values to investigate their effects on growth condition, photosynthesis, antioxidants, and nitrogen metabolites. We also explored the metabolic pathways and key genes involved in the

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Fan, Ying Fang, Zhi Qiang Hu, and Jiang Lin Liu. "Application of Ultrasonic Wave Technology to Evaluate the Corrosion Depth of Concrete in Acid Rain Environment." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.128.

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Deterioration of concrete exposed to acid rain environment will take a significant effect on the load carrying capacity and durability of the concrete structures. To evaluate the corrosion depth of concrete in acid rain environment, an experimental study was performed with ultrasonic wave technology in the laboratory. In the experiment, sulfate and nitric acid solutions are mixed to simulate the 3 pH levels (pH 3.5, pH 2.5 and pH 1.5) acid rain environments respectively. After being exposed to the simulated acid rain solutions for certain periods, a series of tests (including ultrasonic nondes

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Zhou, Meijia, Jinlong Wang, Haibo Hu, et al. "Simulated Nitric Acid Rain Aggravated the C and P Limits of Forest Soil Microorganisms." Forests 14, no. 5 (2023): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051044.

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With the comprehensive emissions of fossil fuel combustion and transportation waste gas, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the environmental atmosphere increase significantly, leading to nitric acid rain (NAR) pollution. However, the effects of NAR on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial metabolism are unclear. In this study, the Quercus acutissima Carruth. forest in the Yangtze River Delta of China was selected as the experimental subject, and was exposed to the simulated spraying of NAR with pH values of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 to study the response of the forest soil enzyme acti

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Luo, Gan, Fangqun Yu, and Jonathan M. Moch. "Further improvement of wet process treatments in GEOS-Chem v12.6.0: impact on global distributions of aerosols and aerosol precursors." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 6 (2020): 2879–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2879-2020.

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Abstract. Wet processes, including aqueous-phase chemistry, wet scavenging, and wet surface uptake during dry deposition, are important for global modeling of aerosols and aerosol precursors. In this study, we improve the treatments of these wet processes in the Goddard Earth Observing System with chemistry (GEOS-Chem) v12.6.0, including pH calculations for cloud, rain, and wet surfaces, the fraction of cloud available for aqueous-phase chemistry, rainout efficiencies for various types of clouds, empirical washout by rain and snow, and wet surface uptake during dry deposition. We compare simul

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Fan, Ying Fang, Da Wei Wang, and Shi Yi Zhang. "Experimental Study on Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam Exposed to Acid Deposition in the Laboratory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1494.

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In this study, the flexural behavior of the reinforced concrete beams attacked by acid rain environment is investigated. The objective is to discover the deterioration mechanism of the concrete beams servicing in the acid rain environment. An artificial rainfall device was designed. Eleven reinforced concrete beams, 120mm×200mm in cross-section were prepared in the laboratory. Three accelerating corrosion methods, which inclusive of immersion method, dry-wet cycle method, and artificial rainfall method, were applied to simulate the action of the real acid rain respectively. The acid solutions

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Schuurkes, J. A. A. R., M. A. Elbers, J. J. F. Gudden, and J. G. M. Roelofs. "Effects of simulated ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid rain on acidification, water quality and flora of small-scale soft water systems." Aquatic Botany 28, no. 3-4 (1987): 199–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(87)90001-5.

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Mocioiu, Ana-Maria, Diana-Irinel Băilă, Cosmin Iulian Codrea, and Oana Cătălina Mocioiu. "A Simple Method to Obtain Protective Film against Acid Rain." Inorganics 10, no. 4 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10040044.

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Acid rain is a major problem for animals, plants, buildings, and also for the top glass of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and greenhouses. Air pollutants such as NOx, NH3, and H2S can mix with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain. It was discovered that atmospheric water vapor adsorbed on the surface of glass can also lead to corrosion of the glass surface. The purpose of this work is to obtain a protective film for glasses used in different domains such as solar cells, windows, stained glass windows from historical buildings, etc. Thin film deposited on glass must be protective against a

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Fenn, Mark E., Mark A. Poth, Andrzej Bytnerowicz, and George H. Riechers. "Throughfall chemistry of ponderosa pine exposed to wet and dry acidic deposition, drought, ozone, and nitric acid." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 1 (1995): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-011.

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Throughfall chemistry was studied in ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.) seedlings exposed to wet and dry acidic deposition, ozone (O3), drought, and nitric acid (HNO3) in open-top chambers in the Sierra Nevada of California from 1988 to 1990. Seven acid rain events (pH 3.5, 4.4, and 5.3) occurred during each growing season. Acidity of the simulated rain treatments had little effect on net throughfall fluxes except for greater net SO42− content in throughfall of the pH 3.5 treatment. Electrical conductivity and NO3− and NH4+ content of throughfall were significantly higher in the NF150 treat

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Narongdej, Poom, Riley Gomez, Daniel Tseng, Ehsan Barjasteh, and Sara Moghtadernejad. "Characterization of Mechanical Properties and Surface Wettability of Epoxy Resin/Benzoxazine Composites in a Simulated Acid Rain Environment." Coatings 14, no. 10 (2024): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14101279.

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Despite the robustness of thermosetting coatings in various applications, prolonged exposure to acidic environments can cause gradual deterioration, leading to structural or functional damage. This study investigates composite materials comprised of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (CER) and benzoxazine (BZ) at three different weight ratios: 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. These composites were exposed to nitric acid, simulating acid rain, for durations ranging from 1 to 5 h. The specimens were characterized for weight change, mechanical properties (flexural strength and short beam strength), and surface p

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Du, Jingjing, Mingxiang Qv, Yuyan Zhang, Minghui Cui, and Hongzhong Zhang. "Simulated sulfuric and nitric acid rain inhibits leaf breakdown in streams: A microcosm study with artificial reconstituted fresh water." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 196 (June 2020): 110535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110535.

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Hutchinson, Thomas C., and Martha G. Scott. "The response of the feather moss, Pleurozium schreberi, to 5 years of simulated acid precipitation in the Canadian boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 1 (1988): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-012.

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Permanent plots dominated by the feather moss, Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt., were established at a Canadian boreal forest site to study the effects of simulated acid precipitation on percent cover, growth, and photosynthesis of vegetation. For a 5-year period, beginning in 1981, plots of P. schreberi received twice-monthly sprayings of simulated rain, adjusted to pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, or 2.5 with a 2:1 molar mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Unsprayed plots were also monitored. Almost complete elimination of the moss had occurred in the plots sprayed with pH 2.5 by the end of the 2n

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Chen, Juan, Wen-Hua Wang, Ting-Wu Liu, Fei-Hua Wu, and Hai-Lei Zheng. "Photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of Liquidambar formosana and Schima superba seedlings to sulfuric-rich and nitric-rich simulated acid rain." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 64 (March 2013): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.12.012.

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Huang, Jie, Hanyue Wang, Yuduan Zhong, et al. "Growth and physiological response of an endangered tree, Horsfieldia hainanensis merr., to simulated sulfuric and nitric acid rain in southern China." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 144 (November 2019): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.029.

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Skiba, U., T. J. Peirson-Smith, and M. S. Cresser. "Effects of simulated precipitation acidified with sulphuric and/or nitric acid on the throughfall chemistry of Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis and heather Calluna vulgaris." Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical 11, no. 4 (1986): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-148x(86)90044-3.

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Nilima, Gajbhiye. "The Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Glycine max." July 27, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1087159.

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Acid rain occurs when sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (Nox) gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. The result is a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Soil has a greater buffering capacity than aquatic systems. However excessive amount of acids introduced by acid rains may disturb the entire soil chemistry. Acidity and harmful action of toxic elements damage vegetation while susceptible microbial species are eliminated. In present study, the effects of simulated sulphuric acid and nitric acid rains were inve

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Upendra, Verma, and Sahu Vaishali. "Modification of Rain Water Harvesting Pit to Neutralize Acidic pH of Rain Water." June 29, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4835703.

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Acidification of rain water in urban cities is playing major environmental issues. Acid rain is generally caused by the formation of sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These sulphur and nitrogen emission are resulted from different sources like industries, vehicles etc. Rain water is a major source for ground water recharge in urban and rural India, Government of India has already provided water policies in 1987 and 2002 for conservation of water with different technology of harvesting. Roof top rain water harvesting is a good practice to collect rain water and inject it directly in the

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Ye, Xia, Cong Chen, Enlong Liu, Baofeng Di, and Yanyang Yu. "Mechanical behavior and constitutive model for loess samples under simulated acid rain conditions." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08199-9.

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AbstractAcid rain is mainly composed of sulfuric acid and nitric acid aqueous solutions, which can deteriorate the mechanical properties of soil and thus threaten the safety of soil engineerings. In this paper, the influence of sulfuric acid rain on mechanical properties of loess soil samples was studied. The diluted sulfuric acid solution has respectively pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 to simulate the acid rain condition, and the triaxial compressional tests and scanning electron microscope were carried out to investigate the deteriorated properties and evolution of the microstructure of the saturated l

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Ding, Yong, Lianhao Sun, Chong Li, et al. "Effects of short-term simulated acid rain and nitrogen deposition on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 12 (April 11, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1365954.

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Acid rain and nitrogen deposition are emerging as global scale environmental issues due to increasing industrial emissions and agricultural pollutants, which seriously impac t the sustainable development of global ecosystems. However, the specific effects both acid rain and nitrogen deposition interactions on forest soil ecosystems, particularly as relates to the soil nutrient content and enzyme activities, remain unclear. Therefore, we established a simulated sample plot of acid rain (SR, NR) and nitrogen deposition (N) and their interactions (SRN, NRN) in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolat

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Liu, Xin, Miaojing Meng, Yong Zhang, et al. "Effects of sulfuric, nitric, and mixed acid rain on the decomposition of fine root litter in Southern China." Ecological Processes 10, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-021-00334-0.

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Abstract Background China has been increasingly subject to significant acid rain, which has negative impacts on forest ecosystems. Recently, the concentrations of NO3− in acid rain have increased in conjunction with the rapid rise of nitrogen deposition, which makes it difficult to precisely quantify the impacts of acid rain on forest ecosystems. Methods For this study, mesocosm experiments employed a random block design, comprised of ten treatments involving 120 discrete plots (0.6 m × 2.0 m). The decomposition of fine roots and dynamics of nutrient loss were evaluated under the stress of thr

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Neftel, A., J. Beer, H. Oeschger, F. Zürcher, and R. C. Finkel. "Sulphate and nitrate concentrations in snow from South Greenland 1895–1978." April 18, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1038/314611a0.

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An understanding of the phenomenon of acid rain requires the identification of the sources of the species affecting the pH of rainwater, both natural and anthropogenic, and their temporal and spatial development. The scant data concerning the historical development of the acidity in precipitation are from urban regions or their vicinity, where local effects dominate and obscure the hemispherical pattern1. The Greenland ice sheet allows us to trace the evolution of the acid rain in a remote location that is free from local effects. Sulphuric and nitric acids are the two species that dominate th

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Buma, Langmi Fabrice, Titus Fondo Ambebe, and Zephania Nji Fogwe. "Growth and Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden are Adversely Affected by Simulated Acid Rain." Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, February 25, 2020, 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i130138.

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The study assessed the effects of different pH values of simulated acid rain on growth and leaf chlorophyll content of Eucalyptus grandis. The treatments comprised of two simulated acid rain solutions of pH 4.0 and 3.5, and unacidified water at pH 6.5. Place and Duration of Study was the National Forestry Development Agency, Humid Savannah Zone, Bamenda I Sub-Division, North West Region, Cameroon, between June and September 2019, respectively. The experiment was conducted under field conditions. Thirty 3-month-old seedlings were exposed to each pH level at 7-day intervals usi

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"Modeling and Simulation of Gas Liquid Absorption Column for So2 Removal Process." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 6S2 (2019): 528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f1155.0886s219.

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During coal combustion, sulphur in the coal is converted into sulphur dioxide (SO2).This sulphur dioxide (SO2) is responsible for the formation of acid rain which is one of the widespread forms of pollution all over the world that causes harmful effects to humans and environment. To minimize the adverse impacts of SO2, it must be removed from flue gas. For reduction of SO2, flue gas desulphurization (FGD) is most commonly used. The mathematical viewer is developed and simulated for a gas liquid absorption column to control the flow rate of H2O2.The model equation is developed by considering ma

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"Effects of Simulated Sulfuric and Nitric Acid Rain on Growth and Seed Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana." Journal of the Environmental Sciences 12, no. 6 (2003): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jes.2003.12.6.659.

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Wang, Yanhong, Changliang Shao, Yajing Qiu, et al. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protect a subtropical tree species exposed to simulated acid rain by accelerating photosynthetic ability, antioxidant enzymes and osmolyte accumulation." Journal of Plant Ecology, March 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtac036.

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Abstract Aims acid rain (AR), which occurs frequently in southern China, negatively affects the growth of subtropical tree species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mitigate the detrimental effects induced by AR. However, the mechanism by which AMF protects Zelkova serrata, an economically important tree species in southern China, from AR stress remains unclear. Methods we conducted a greenhouse experiment in which Z. serrata plants that were inoculated with AMF species Rhizophagus intraradices, Diversispora versiformis, either alone or as a mixed culture, or with a sterilized inoculum (nega

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Liu, Xin, Shilin Ma, Zhaohui Jia, et al. "Complex effects of different types of acid rain on root growth of Quercus acutissima and Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings." Ecological Processes 11, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-021-00351-z.

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Abstract Background Soil acidification caused by acid rain (AR) can damage plant roots, which in turn negatively impacts plant health. In response to changing AR types, research efforts to elucidate their specific impacts on plants have become intense. Methods For this study, we investigated the effects of simulated sulfuric, nitric, and mixed AR on the root systems of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. under different acidity levels. Results As the AR S/N ratio and pH decreased, the height growth rate (HGR), basal diameter growth rate (DGR), total root length (

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