Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulateurs'
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Michel, Pauline. "Simulateurs de conduite et adéquation architecture / modèles : impact sur le « mal du simulateur »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST173.
Full text“Simulator sickness,” which is to some extent similar to motion sickness, is particularly problematic. Understanding the causes of simulator sickness and identifying ways to reduce its occurrence are important issues insofar as, on the one hand, the “at the door” filtering of the population studied on the simulator (people who are not susceptible) introduces bias in the results acquired and, on the other hand, a driver who suffers from simulator sickness is likely to behave differently in terms of their driving, which also introduces bias.The hypothesis we defend in this thesis concerns the relationship between the "controllability" of the system (the simulator) and simulator sickness.In driving simulation, the driver is an integral part of the loop: they initiate the movements and receive the system responses. Our hypothesis is that, in this context, a poor control of the simulated vehicle movement induces erratic movements, perceived by the driver as not corresponding to their expectations (because of their previous driving experience) and therefore unacceptable.To evaluate this hypothesis, we have redesigned the rider/simulator interfacing modalities of a pre- existing motorcycle simulator: hardware and software architecture, sensor/actuator structure of the steering column, and implemented vehicle model. In its current version, the simulator allows a higher degree of controllability by the driver for medium to high speeds
Delabie, Christophe. "Elaboration d'un simulateur de dispositifs planaires microondes : Application à la caractérisation de matériaux supraconducteurs." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10146.
Full textLouboutin, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse et commande d'un actionneur quasi-résonant : application à l'optimisation énergétique d'un robot hybride." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2055.
Full textDoré, Cyntia. "Étude de la transmissibilité d'attaches de simulateurs de vol." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1424.
Full textAzzi, Rachid. "Environnement de développement de simulateurs pédagogiques de procédés industriels." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0104.
Full textThe efficient operation of production systems shows off the constant personal Training problem. This training is essential because of the prohibitive costs needed to remedy major incidents. Furthermore, the long period of any new operator training, the economic constraints and the real risks when using the production system, make needful the design and the development of pedagogic simulators. Simulation as a training tool allows, via reasonable delays and costs, the improvement of operation procedures mastership, the incident detection and how to react according to security and production criteria. The goal of this report is to propose an environment of developping educational simulators. We have developed a specification tool allowing industrial plant description (structural, functional and behavioural) and a simulation tool for scenario running
Kaszczyc, Antoine. "Méthodes statiques pour la programmation fonctionnelle de simulateurs d'économies." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131045.
Full textThe first part of the phd concerns side effects in functional programs, and their simulation by monads. The proposed solutions have a general goal : they are useful no matter the subject of the program. However, they have been inspired by the context of programming economics simulators. Indeed this kind of program use intensively side effects and repetition of functions calls. The proposed solutions are more usefulfor program with these characteristics. Like many others, they are suited for a strict organization of the program. They are not meant to build a "quick and well done" program, rather a program whose critical parts have been made safe and does not need any more attention.The chapter 1 introduces functional programming, with execution schemes representing memory consumption.It introduce monads, and monads transformers, as mechanisms allowing to automatize the simulation of mutable aspect in an immutable context.Chapter 2 address handling of side effects : the simulation of a mutable variable by the State monad, the framing of its value by a predicate. The chapter starts by defining precisely what means the respect of apredicate, in particular by the well known solution of abstract type. Then, we observe that the predicateis more expressive when it concerns a functional type (A ! A) rather than simply A. The State monad gives a adequate structure to implant the predicate in the program, since it simulates a mutable variable byf unction composition. In an economics simulator, the abstract State monad with a predicate can expresssimilar but ibiquitous mechanisms, as pseudo-random generation, or handling of bank accounts. These aretwo concepts, simulation of side effects and respect of a predicate, that are resolved by the abstract State monad.Chapter 3 address another aspect of program safety : memory consumption. It is boundered by physical components of the computer. If the execution of the program necessits too much memory space, the program is simply stopped. The chapter presents the two type of memory error in functional programing :Stack_Overflow and Out_Of_Memory. The error Stack_Overflow is caused by recursive functions. The solution is tail-call optimization. However it is more difficult to apply in the presence of monads, which replace the standard application by application bind, on which the oprogrammer has less control. The emblematic example is the State monad, which creates composition of functions non-optimized by tail-call.Moreover, composition of functions has to be stored and can generate an error Out_Of_Memory.The chapter then introduces the existing solutions, and the best one defines a function of recursion specialized for each monad. However none of the solution resolve the case where the recursion is "not controlled",ie when the programmer just gives a function to be repeted. In this context, the existing solutions present arisk of Out_Of_Memory, because they store functions in suspension.We present our solution : "monadic concretes". The idea is to create a context inside of which all the informations are known, for example theauxiliary variable of State. It is then possible to perform recursive uncontrolled recursion without suspendingoperations. The context is responsible for waiting the informations.The chapter ends by presenting the context of Read Eval Print Loop (REPL). It consists in extracting(reading) the monadic value between every bind. This present a problem with existing solutions, since every tome they have to recompute the suspensions. Monadic concretes then shows themselves adequate,since they do not use suspensions.Chapter 4 gather a set of observations resulting from the writing of a small functional economis simulator.They concerns the monads library realized from the previous chapter, the problem of lift, the use of mutability in isolated and time critical places. The chapter ends by an attempt of comparing programing with mutability versus immutability. [....]
Pedrali, Mauro. "Vers un environnement multimédia pour l'analyse vidéo des causes d'erreurs humaines : application dans les simulateurs d'avions." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10056.
Full textThis research concerns the development of a methodological approach and of a software tool for video analyses of human error causes. We integrated this tool within a multimedia environment for accident incident investigations. Our approach relies on a cognitive model and on a classification of human errors. The classification allows to reconstruct the causal chains through which latent failures, combined with cognitive aspects, give rise to active failures. We implemented this approach in a tool composed of a data organizer and an analyzer. While the organizer supports the arrangement of data concerning errors, the analyzer helps in tracing the causal chain leading to errors as a fault tree. We integrated the tool within a multimedia environment whose architecture was conceived together with the tool. This environment relies on desktop for digital video editing and on a relational database, for the storage of the results. We have structured the database on three levels, each one in relation with a precise step of a video analysis. The expert stores the scenarios at level 1 (sorted data) ; the information coming from the organizer at level 2 (organizers and analyzers) that are supposed to be used on the same set of video recordings, but whose final results (in terms of data organization and analysis) are assumed to be stored separately. We tested the tool and the multimedia environment on a case study concerning the analysis of video sequences recorded in a full flight simulator. Though usability tests are necessary to completely validate david - from the point of view of its utilization and the accuracy of the results we can obtain, this study gave us a first feedback. The acknowledged advantage in this type of analysis shows the fundamental interest to discern the set of causes responsible of an active failure, and the reconstruction of the causal chain in the cognitive process
Arzur, Fabien. "Développement de simulateurs de cibles pour radars automobiles 77 GHz." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0082.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis concerns the development of an automotive radar target simulator for 77 GHz radar sensors. In order to continue offering safer vehicles, manufacturers develop more and more performant ADAS systems. We are witnessing a democratization of automotive radar sensors for adaptive cruise control and collision warning. The generalization of such systems on standard cars will require an increased use of test devices both at the manufacturers and in technical control centers. To test and calibrate radars, it is necessary to use Radar Target Simulators (RTS). These devices enable to simulate situations encountered by the radar. Furthermore, these scenarios are becoming increasingly complex with the arrival of autonomous vehicles. A target is defined by three parameters: distance, velocity and radar cross-section (RCS). In order to meet drastic requirements, ZF TRW Autocruise develops its own RTS for production test benches and R&D. RTS must adapt to all radars within a 76 – 81 GHz frequency band, with different modulations and a frequency bandwidth higher than 800 MHz. The system must present the advantages of being a low-cost system, with small dimensions and flexible to be integrated in different applications. The major blocking point is the design of a reconfigurable delay line, able to simulate distances between 1 m and 250 m with a resolution of 0.2 m on a large frequency band and also allowing control of RCS. A compromise will have to be found in order to meet the different specifications. The study showed the impossibility to cover the entire range of distances with one single technology. A hybrid architecture is necessary. A hybrid, tunable, wideband delay line is at study
Pauwels, Benoît. "Optimisation sans dérivées sous incertitudes appliquées à des simulateurs coûteux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30035/document.
Full textThe modeling of complex phenomena encountered in industrial issues can lead to the study of numerical simulation codes. These simulators may require extensive execution time (from hours to days), involve uncertain parameters and even be intrinsically stochastic. Importantly within the context of simulation-based optimization, the derivatives of the outputs with respect to the inputs may be inexistent, inaccessible or too costly to approximate reasonably. This thesis is organized in four chapters. The first chapter discusses the state of the art in derivative-free optimization and uncertainty modeling. The next three chapters introduce three independent---although connected---contributions to the field of derivative-free optimization in the presence of uncertainty. The second chapter addresses the emulation of costly stochastic simulation codes---stochastic in the sense simulations run with the same input parameters may lead to distinct outputs. Such was the matter of the CODESTOCH project carried out at the Summer mathematical research center on scientific computing and its applications (CEMRACS) during the summer of 2013, together with two Ph.D. students from Electricity of France (EDF) and the Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA). We designed four methods to build emulators for functions whose values are probability density functions. These methods were tested on two toy functions and applied to industrial simulation codes concerned with three complex phenomena: the spatial distribution of molecules in a hydrocarbon system (IFPEN), the life cycle of large electric transformers (EDF) and the repercussions of a hypothetical accidental in a nuclear plant (CEA). Emulation was a preliminary process towards optimization in the first two cases. In the third chapter we consider the influence of inaccurate objective function evaluations on direct search---a classical derivative-free optimization method. In real settings inaccuracy may never vanish, however users usually apply direct search algorithms disregarding inaccuracy. We raise three questions. What precision can we hope to achieve, given the inaccuracy? How fast can this precision be attained? What stopping criteria can guarantee this precision? We answer these three questions for directional direct search applied to objective functions whose evaluation inaccuracy stochastic or not is uniformly bounded. We also derive from our results an adaptive algorithm for dealing efficiently with several oracles having different levels of accuracy. The theory and algorithm are validated with numerical tests and two industrial applications: surface minimization in mechanical design and oil well placement in reservoir engineering. The fourth chapter considers optimization problems with imprecise parameters, whose imprecision is modeled with fuzzy sets theory. A number of methods have been published to solve linear programs involving fuzzy parameters, but only a few as for nonlinear programs. We propose an algorithm to address a large class of fuzzy optimization problems by iterative non-dominated sorting. The distributions of the fuzzy parameters are assumed only partially known. We also provide a criterion to assess the precision of the solutions and make comparisons with other methods found in the literature. We show that our algorithm guarantees solutions whose level of precision at least equals the precision on the available data
Yacef, Kalina. "Vers un assistant tutoriel intelligent pour la formation d'opérateurs de systèmes complexes et dynamiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05S017.
Full textJurvillier, Isabelle. "Etudes de fiabilité des systèmes complexes par simulations électroniques : réalisation d'un appareil configurable par ordinateur en fonction du modèle à étudier." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS035.
Full textVarlet, Eric. "Etude d'un simulateur pédagogique d'écho-endoscopie digestive : modélisation et réalisation." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10196.
Full textBenkhelil, Hassan. "Conception et réalisation d'un micro-simulateur de pluie pour les milieux rural et urbain." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0208.
Full textThe study of the phenomena of hydrous erosion, streaming and infiltration of the ground is essential for the comprehension of many environnemental problems. These phenomena can beat the origine of the fall of productivity of the grounds of water pollution of surface and underground of floods of the residential areas and setting in danger of the infrastructure researching aiming to bether apprehending them is largely simplified when the experimenter has the control of the factor rain
Vilain, Loïc. "Conception et évaluation d'un système de surveillance : application au serrage hydraulique." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-161.pdf.
Full textWohrer, Adrien. "Model and large-scale simulator of a biological retina, with contrast gain control." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4011.
Full textThe retina is a complex neural structure. The characteristics of retinal processing are reviewed extensively in Part I of this work: It is a very ordered structure, which proceeds to band-pass spatio-temporal enhancements of the incoming light, along different parallel output pathways with distinct spatio-temporal properties. The spike trains emitted by the retina have a complex statistical structure, such that precise spike timings may play a role in the code conveyed by the retina. Several mechanisms of gain control provide a constant adaptation of the retina to luminosity and contrast. The retina model that we have defined and implemented in Part II can account for a good part of this complexity. It can model spatio-temporal band-pass behavior with adjustable filtering scales, with the inclusion of plausible mechanisms of contrast gain control and spike generation. The gain control mechanism proposed in the model provides a good fit to experimental data, and it can induce interesting effects of local renormalization in the output retinal image. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis confirms that the gain control behaves well under simple sinusoidal stimulation. Finally, the simulator /Virtual Retina/ implements the model on a large-scale, so that it can emulate up to around 100,000 cells with a processing speed of about 1/100 real time. It is ready for use in various applications, while including a number of advanced retinal functionalities which are too often overlooked
BARDET, J. CHRISTOPHE. "Analyse et conception de simulateurs d'impulsions electromagnetiques a lignes de transmission." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0009.
Full textBardet, Jean-Christophe. "Analyse et conception de simulateurs d'impulsions électromagnétiques à lignes de transmission." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611519m.
Full textHétier, Mickaël. "Analyse et quantification des comportements des conducteurs automobiles lors des phases de pré-crash : Contribution au développement d'un modèle de détection des postures de conduite en temps réel." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/06d45dbc-30f5-4321-8a44-db264fe3d947.
Full textStandardisation of crash-tests implies that the occupants are protected and seated with a predetermined position. In addition, standardisation does not take into account individual characteristics, real position and anticipatory reactions during a crash. Thus, it is essential to study the incidences of human beings' morphologies before a crash. It is indeed very important to study the effects of real, standardised and atypical postures in relation with the active protection systems. In fact, during the phase called pre-crash, the driver anticipates and tries to avoid the crash with a swerving movement. During the crash, these kinematics and dynamical modifications increase the injuries severity of the car occupant. Thus, a new concept of automobile safety was developed by the C2S, a LAMIH's research team, and the INRETS-LBMC laboratory. This concept consists of deducing, in real time, the anthropometry, and the driver's reactions and postures, with basic sensors, in order to adapt driver's protection systems at the crash time. For example, this system will modify, in function of driver's characteristics, the volume of airbags, the seat adjustments, or the pretentionners' performances. This doctoral thesis contributed to create this new concept and to develop the methodology. This methodology will allow to detect, in real time, the driver's behaviour and position, from results obtained with driving simulator tests
Barthou, Adrien. "Confiance et reliance envers les systèmes en fonction de leur apparence physique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066441.
Full textAubert, Denis. "Etude, mise en œuvre et tests d'un simulateur de microprocesseur de traitement du signal." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4085.
Full textWibaux, Luc. "Une méthode de synthèse d'images échographiques : application à des simulateurs médicaux d'entraînement." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-502.pdf.
Full textToutefois les performances d'affichage en dépendent, l'intersection entre les rayons et les objets représentant une partie importante des calculs. Une première maquette logicielle nous a permis de montrer la validité de notre méthode. Nous avons ensuite conçu un simulateur pour les amniocentèses. Pour ce simulateur, nous proposons une solution pour que la déformation des organes soit visible. Cette déformation utilise les résultats des calculs du modèle mécanique et la modélisation des organes au repos. Le prototype du simulateur a été présenté à deux conférences médicales. Les spécialistes sont convaincus de l'utilité d'un tel simulateur dans leur formation. Cette thèse décrit une méthode temps-réel de synthèse d'images échographiques qui a été validé sur un cas concret. Elle peut s'appliquer à tout autre simulateur
Ahmed, Saifuddin. "Modélisation thermodynamique des mélanges électrolytiques multi-solvants pour les simulateurs de procédés." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS002/document.
Full textThe capabilities of the current thermodynamic models are limited in dealing with mixed-solvent electrolyte systems, due to the complex interactions within these systems. The objective of this work is to extend eGC-PPC-SAFT model to these systems. This is done in several steps. First, a modification in the temperature dependent water diameter was proposed. Second, a minimum number of ion-water parameters are determined on mean ioninc activity coefficients and densities of strong electrolyte systems, as well as vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) of mixed solvent electrolytes. In the third step, the model is used to study the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the mixed-solvent electrolyte system. This was done by looking at the partition coefficients of the individual species in the systems. In doing so, a parameterization strategy was developed for ion-solvent binaries that involve assessing the impact of the individual ePPC-SAFT contribution on the partitioning of individual species. A new method for dealing with the condition of electroneutrality in liquid-liquid ionic systems was proposed that involves a direct correction on the fugacity coefficient. In view of the importance of this property, a new mixing rule for the dielectric constant of mixed solvent is proposed to provide the best description of LLE of mixed solvent electrolyte. The final model is capable of describing, the activity coefficient, VLE, and LLE of mixed-solvent electrolyte systems
Famy, Carine. "Les termes d'échange entre blocs et fractures dans les simulateurs de réservoirs fracturés." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7573/1/famy.pdf.
Full textBen-El-Kezadri, Ryad. "Modélisation par Composants des Interfaces Réseaux dans les Simulateurs de Réseaux Sans Fil." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809515.
Full textAulignac, Diego d'. "Modélisation de l'interaction avec objets déformables en temps-réel pour des simulateurs médicaux." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0127.
Full textPegaz-fiornet, Sylvie. "Etude de modèles pour la migration des hydrocarbures dans les simulateurs de bassin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10049.
Full textHydrocarbon migration modeling in sedimentary basins aims to localize and to quantify hydrocarbon accumulations in geological formations in order to estimate their petroleum potential. In this thesis, we study “Darcy” migration models and also simplified migration models such as “ray-tracing” and “invasion percolation”; the purpose is to conduct a critical analysis and to offer improvements while providing a guide for a relevant use on case studies.We start by a review of migration mechanisms from the pore scale to the basin scale, then we present each model.In a following part, we propose two invasion percolation algorithms: the first one is suited to structured grids, the second one allows to take better account of unstructured grids.In a third part, we take an interest in the comparison between the different models and particularly between “Darcy” and “invasion percolation” approaches. First we devote our attention to numerical aspects supported by several use cases; then we realize a formal comparison by studying the asymptotic limit of the “Darcy” model large time solution. Afterwards, we present several applications including the study of a 3D real case in complex geometry.Finally, we conclude this work with two articles. The first one shows an evolution of “Darcy” models by using the method of local grid refinement with an illustration on a case study from northern Kuwait. The second one synthesizes the main results on “Darcy” and “invasion percolation” methods
Famy, Carine Quintard Michel. "Les termes d'échange entre blocs et fractures dans les simulateurs de réservoirs fracturés." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000466.
Full textLaporte, Matthieu. "Amélioration et exploitation d’un simulateur électro-optique du détecteur spatial d’ondes gravitationnelles LISA." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC013.
Full textThe first gravitational waves detection in 2015 opened a brand new window on astrophysics and cosmology. Developement and enhancement of new instruments, coupled with electromagnetic observations, will help with the understanding of quite unknow objects of the Universe, such as black holes. In this context, the LISA mission (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) will be the first space-based interferometric detector of gravitational waves. The effect of a gravitational wave is a weak periodic distortion of space-time but still observable with interferometric measurments. LISA will detect length variation in the range of picometer, for an arm length in the range of a million kilometer, which corresponds to a relative variation of 〖10〗^(-21). Such sensitivity levels require advanced noise reduction techniques which have to be tested both numerically and experimentally. The dominant noise on the measurement is the frequency noise of the laser. Besides laser stabilisation techniques, a data processing technique called time delay interferometry (TDI) will be needed. It allows to virtually reconstruct an equal arm interferometer, so that the frequency noise of the laser is canceled. This is the main noise reduction technique which is tested by the core experiment of this thesis work. The LISA On Table (LOT) is a simulator comprised of both an electronic and an optical part that can simulate realistic signals of LISA to test TDI. It enables simulated delayed signals, representative of the travel time of the light between satellites, to interfere. The experiment having its own instrumental noises, it is necessary to work on their comprehension and reduction. Moreover, the LOT can be used to test other key features of the mission, such as clock noise transfer, and instruments prototypes such as the phasemeter. the conducted studies made the LOT operational under vacuum, thus limiting the instrumental noises. With the experiment, TDI can be validated in a representative uneven arm length configuration of LISA. Doppler effect simulations are also tested
Chalfoun, Joe. "Prédiction des efforts musculaires dans le système main avant-bras : modélisation, simulation, optimisation et validation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0008.
Full textThe objective of the project SHARMES, started in 2000, is the realization of a simulation platform of the system: hand and forearm. The dynamic prediction of the muscle forces responsible for a given movement of the system is the aim of the work described within the framework of this project. After a brief presentation of SHARMES project given at the beginning of this manuscript, a bibliographical study on the research tasks in the field of the realization of a robot-like hand and design of a simulator are then developed. The aim of the simulator SHARMES is based on the highly realistic reproduction of the movement of the system. Indeed, we seek to estimate the muscle forces while preserving the real-time condition. After an anatomical study, the selected model comprises 45 muscles and 24 degrees of freedom. An optimization technique utilizing the Lagrange multiplier was used. The prediction of the tendon forces was carried out in real-time. The validation of these forces required the muscle forces computation. A first approach of quantitative validation was carried out between activations predicted by optimization and those obtained from EMG signals measured by surface electrodes. These first results checked the accuracy of the procedure used as well as the models developed
Ben, Rhouma Abdelkarim. "Caractérisation et modélisation des champs électromagnétiques rayonnés par les décharges de foudre en vue de l'élaboration d'un simulateur expérimental." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0012.
Full textCoutier, Thierry. "Élaboration d'un simulateur du fonctionnement d'un véhicule électrique : Application à l'augmentation de l'autonomie par la gestion des flux d'énergie." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0814.
Full textThis study has focused on improving electric vehicles autonomy by providing some driving assistance, helping the driver to better control the energy fluxes occuring on board. Two concepts were considered. The first one has taken optimal control theory as tool in order to find the optimal longitudinal trajectories. In the second one, the effects of a soft, gradually increasing with speed, limitation of the vehicle acceleration capabilities were studied. The first concept unfortunately requiring some path planning task, could not be yet implemented on actual vehicles. But the elaborated optimal control algorithm has been useful in showing that large consumption improvements can be achieved when the asymmetry of speed histograms grows, while classical driving cycles cinematic parameters are kept unchanged. This asymmetry is better quantified by the asymmetry coefficient. The behaviour of the histograms reflects the main temporal trend of the optimised trajectories : the creation of speed plateaux around the mean speed. The second concept was studied on a complete electric vehicle simulator, modelling a Volta. Some experiments were carried out to identify the physical parameters of the model, which has been validated by on road measurements. Discretization of the model has been carefully accomplished, so that the resulting backward simulator is both accurate and quick. It features a special algorithm, which modifies input driving cycles according to the working zone of the vehicle. Firstly, an assessment of the vehicle perforamnces among different representative driving cycles was made. Then, improvements, when progressive limitations of acceleration capabilities are applied, were evaluated. Results showed that while mean speed only slightly decreased, autonomy could significantly increase. Explanations were carefully investigated. According to the asymmetry coefficient, it appears that the modified driving cycles get closer to the optimised signals. Unlike the optimal control approach, the second concept does not require some path planning task and could be easily applied on an electric vehicle
Faure, Vérane. "Les simulateurs de conduite : évaluation de la validité psychologique sous l'angle de la charge mentale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS590/document.
Full textThe validity of driving simulators is an essential subject to support and highlight the works aiming to understand driving behaviours more thoroughly. While the subjective and behavioural dimensions of that validity have often been studied, they encounter a few limits. On the other hand, studies about simulators’ validity are fairly rare. This dimension compares the implication of mechanisms inherent in behaviours between real and virtual driving. Furthermore, very few studies have considered the various dimensions of validity at once, whereas it could contribute to the development of a metrology for virtual environments. This thesis is precisely about this, with confrontations between classical measurements of behavioural validity (speed, lateral control) and measurements of psychological validity, examined from the viewpoint of mental workload - using indicators such as eye blinking. The main objective was to ascertain whether the mental workload levels vary between road driving and simulated driving when the observed behaviours aren’t relevant to make a clear difference.To answer this question, this thesis has been organised around three experiences carried out on driving simulators and a comparison between actual road driving and low-cost simulated driving. Two of those experiences were conducted to finely analyse the effect of some factors inherent to open road driving (traffic, environment) on driving behaviours and mental workload. The third experience was made to compare the mental workload induced by real driving and low-cost simulator driving, by putting this psychological validity measurement against classical behavioural measurements. Lastly, the fourth experience focused on the effects of the driving wheel’s force-feedback on this same mental workload.The main results revealed a higher workload level on simulated driving than on real driving, while some behavioural measurements (speed) were not different. This increased workload with the simulator does not seem to stem from the wheel’s force-feedback, since the tested feedback methods did not have a repercussion on the workload levels. In the end, this work confirms that taking psychological validity - examined here from a mental workload viewpoint - does have an interest within an evaluation process to analyse in a finer fashion the mental state of users when faced with a virtual reality system. It creates prospects to improve the validity of driving simulators
Delbos, Benjamin. "Contributions au développement de simulateurs haptiques pour l'apprentissage du geste chirurgical de l'insertion d'aiguille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0136.
Full textIn the course of this PhD, the study focuses on simulation for learning the surgical gesture of needle insertion. Several topics related to the design of haptic simulators using force feedback via a haptic interface have been explored. Two scales of work can be distinguished. The first concerns the haptic reproduction of tool-tissue interaction, aimed at simulating the forces felt by the surgeon during clinical practice. Although this theme is not specific to a particular gesture, it applies to needle insertion, which is present in many surgical procedures. The main problem lies in modeling and implementing insertion forces in haptic simulation, in order to faithfully reproduce these forces through a haptic interface. At the same time, a force feedback interface has been designed for needle insertion simulation, optimizing its performance while reducing the cost of simulators, which is directly linked to the cost of the interface. The second theme concerns the reproduction of surgeon-patient interaction, specific to ventricular puncture, a common procedure in neurosurgery. The aim is to provide a realistic representation of the gesture to enhance learning via haptic simulation. The simulator developed combines haptic feedback, visual feedback and an anatomical mannequin. This multimodal approach, absent from the literature, aims to balance haptic and physical simulation, while ensuring the consistency of sensory feedback. Finally, a methodology has been established to diversify patient-specific simulation case studies, despite the constraints imposed by the presence of the physical mannequin, by exploring suitable simulation generation methods
Zertuche, Federico. "Utilisation de simulateurs multi-fidélité pour les études d'incertitudes dans les codes de caclul." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM069/document.
Full textA very important tool used by applied mathematicians and engineers to model the behavior of a system are computer simulations. They have become increasingly more precise but also more complicated. So much, that they are very slow to produce an output and thus difficult to sample so that many aspects of these simulations are not very well understood. For example, in many cases they depend on parameters whose value isA metamodel is a reconstruction of the simulation. It requires much less time to produce an output that is close to what the simulation would. By using it, some aspects of the original simulation can be studied. It is built with very few samples and its purpose is to replace the simulation.This thesis is concerned with the construction of a metamodel in a particular context called multi-fidelity. In multi-fidelity the metamodel is constructed using the data from the target simulation along other samples that are related. These approximate samples can come from a degraded version of the simulation; an old version that has been studied extensively or a another simulation in which a part of the description is simplified.By learning the difference between the samples it is possible to incorporate the information of the approximate data and this may lead to an enhanced metamodel. In this manuscript two approaches that do this are studied: one based on Gaussian process modeling and another based on a coarse to fine Wavelet decomposition. The fist method shows how by estimating the relationship between two data sets it is possible to incorporate data that would be useless otherwise. In the second method an adaptive procedure to add data systematically to enhance the metamodel is proposed.The object of this work is to better our comprehension of how to incorporate approximate data to enhance a metamodel. Working with a multi-fidelity metamodel helps us to understand in detail the data that nourish it. At the end a global picture of the elements that compose it is formed: the relationship and the differences between all the data sets become clearer
Mischler, Catherine. "Les concepts et les outils de la différentiation automatique appliqués aux simulateurs de procédés." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT039G.
Full textRatsiambahotra, Tahiry. "Contribution à la simulation de processeur : conception d'un générateur de librairie de simulateurs fonctionnels." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30160.
Full textInstruction-set simulators (ISS) are more and more used in design space exploration and functional software testing. Furthermore, cycle-accurate simulators are often made of a functional coupled to a timing simulator. Research about ISS generators is not new but most often addresses only simple instruction sets (i. E. RISC). This paper describes techniques to ease the description of complex Instruction-Set Architectures and to increase simulation speed. They are integrated in a tool which generates libraries containing functions to disassemble (useful for testing), decode and simulate many different architectures like RISC, CISC, VLIW and is able to deal with variable-length instructions. We successfully generated and used ARM/thumb, HCS 12X, Tricore, Sharc, PPC simulators and experiments have been made on the x86 architecture
Pinto, Maria. "Les interactions multisensorielles dans la perception du mouvement longitudinal : implications pour les simulateurs de conduite." Grenoble 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE39015.
Full textDriving simulators for research and development are common today. But recent results raise the problem of its validity while emphasising two inherent points with the driving simulator. First, it is actually observed that the lack of motion in fixed-based simulators induces behavioural differences in simulated as compared to real situations. Visual information on movement without congruent vestibular or proprioceptive information is thought to contribute to creating the type of conflict underlying simulator sickness, which is the second main point of this thesis. But different braking behaviour in real and simulated situations is also observed in motion-base simulators. Thus the subject of this thesis deals with the analysis of the interactions between the various sensory systems linked to perception of longitudinal movement, with the aim of improving braking performance on driving simulator, while limiting the risk of inducing simulator sickness. We tested the influence of the sound feedback and of the pitch of the visual scene on a fixed-base simulator, and measured the contribution of a movement with or without a small amplitude longitudinal translation on a motion-base simulator. These factors were tested on a braking-to-stop task and on a car-following situation. This behavioural approach was associated to a differential approach based on subject's perceptive style. The results showed an improvement of braking manoeuvres on the fixed-based simulator when visual and auditory deceleration cues were present. A minor influence of the motion-base was also observed. However, the small longitudinal motion had only a slight effect on braking behaviour
Gagnerot, Georges. "Etude des attaques et des contre-mesures associées sur composants embarqués." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/feffb1ab-ad89-4586-a86c-efb78fb12b3c/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4057.pdf.
Full textEmbedded cryptographic systems are more and more used nowadays, starting from our credit card, to our SIM that identifies us on the GSM networks, or to our smartphones for example that store personal or secret data. Those systems have to be resistant against different kind of attacks, physical and logical. Our work that we present thereafter first introduce cryptography with the different classic algorithms used. We proceed to present the state of the art on side channel attacks, those attacks are very dangerous since they do not always need the physical possession of the target device, and can be done remotely with the good material. They are based on the study of the emissions produced by a component while it is using the secret stored in its internal memory to retrieve the secret through statistic computations or simple observations like the time it takes to treat data. We then propose a survey on faults attacks that also threaten security product. The idea is to produce a non standard behavior by changing its environment, like sending photons or power discharge and then trying to recover the secrets. In a second part, we propose new attacks, associated counter-measures and new algorithm to secure computation while making them also quicker. We present after a simulator of side channel emissions and faults attacks that allows us to assess the security of embedded systems quicker and cheaper than standard methods
Thorel, Claire. "Maîtrise de la qualité microbiologique en réseau de distribution : impact de procédés alternatifs de désinfection sur des biofilms d'eaux thermales." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2255.
Full textThermal spas meet recurrent episodes of bacterial contamination of delivered waters. The aim of this work was to evaluate disinfectant efficiency of some "alternative" processes (peracetic acid, monochloramine, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium salts and association with acid or basic leachings) on biofilms from thermal waters in order to determine an efficient process for thermal spas distribution systems. All processes studied have an important biocidal effect but bacterial growth start again from the end of the process. The most consistent bacterial kills were obtained with hydrogen peroxide alone and basic leaching/quaternary ammonium salts association. Disinfection assays applied to biofilms containing Legionella sp. Showed that acid leaching/monochloramine association inhibit biofilm colonization by Legionella sp. P. Aeruginosa emergence was observed in some cases further to the use of several disinfection processes
Moreau, Richard Redarce Tanneguy Pham Minh Tu. "Le simulateur d'accouchement BirthSIM un outil complet pour la formation sans risque en obstétrique /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=moreau.
Full textAli, Asim. "Robustness in large scale distributed systems." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112097.
Full textDuring the last decade, computing and communication technologies observed exponential growth both in hardware and software. The direct result of this growth is the emergence of global scale distributed systems like, information diffusion systems, cellular networks, remote computing, etc. Integration of sensor devices with networks helped to develop smart systems that are more interactive, dynamic and adaptable to the running environment. Future applications are envisioned as completely decentralized self-managing massive distributed systems running in smart environments on top of Internet or grid infrastructure. Such large-scale systems are difficult to design, develop and maintain due to many constraints like heterogeneity of resources, diverse working environments, unreliable communications, etc. Wireless sensor networks and computational grids are two important examples of such large-scale systems. Most desirable properties of the protocols for these networks include scalability, self-management, and fault tolerance. These are the three main areas this thesis focuses on. In this thesis we contribute to this domain in three ways. First we propose and evaluate a scalable directory management protocol for general distributed systems where update latency time is independent of the system size. In our second contribution we design and implement a scalable distributed version of an existing wireless network simulator: WSNet. We run our parallel simulator, XS-WSNet, on Grid5000 and achieve extreme simulation scalability. Our third contribution is the development of a dependability benchmarking mechanism for testing WSN protocols against fault and adversarial environments. Our tool allows the user to simulate natural faulty environments for WSN, like harsh weather conditions as well as to simulate dynamic attacks to the wireless network
Bouache, Mourad. "Outils d’analyse et d’évaluation des performances." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1008.
Full textThe simulation is widely used in many fields of science and engineering. From the industry side, manufacturers use simulation to explore the design space and to observe, evaluate for commercial purposes, to compare their products with those of the competition. The world of research has also used simulation to explore a larger design space and quantify the proposed innovations. In computer science, computer architecture and processors has long been a major user of simulators. The quantitative assessment of future processors is difficult, if not impossible today, without simulation. Manufacturers spend several months or even years depending on the complexity of product development, design, simulation and analysis of various aspects such as energy consumption, performance, speed of operation before any implementation in silicon. The simulation thus saving time and costs essential to allow manufacturers to monitor production rate corresponding to the expectations of both the clients and the constraints imposed by the progress of the competition. A simulator is much slower and less accurate than the system it simulates. It still offers all the information you want, some of which are difficult to recover the simulated system itself. Given the high scalability of the products in the world of digital components, simulators need to be quickly adaptable. The objective of this thesis is to present, within the UNISIM simulation environment developed by the consortium of the same name, OoOSIM is a simulator designed by our research team DALI. The OoOSIM current version has a design methodology of simulated components to facilitate the duplication of units. This methodology, the vectorization of the modules, is our contribution. Our experiments, whose results are reported here, show that without the application of vectorization, the simulation of a multi-core processor becomes very time consuming to load when the number of cores increases, even modestly. They also show that vectorization can be simulated in reasonable CPU time with number of hearts far beyond that offer products today
Nouh, Aiman Bagdouri Mohammed el. "Contribution au développement d'un simulateur pour les véhicules électriques routiers." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://artur.univ-fcomte.fr/ST/GENELE/these/nouh.pdf.
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Picheny, Victor. "AMELIORATION DE LA PRECISION ET COMPENSATION DES INCERTITUDES DES METAMODELES POUR L'APPROXIMATION DE SIMULATEURS NUMERIQUES." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770844.
Full textVailleau, Benjamin. "Etude de la perception du mouvement propre 2D/3D dans les simulateurs de conduite dynamiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066741.
Full textFlandrin, Nicolas. "Génération de maillage hybride pour les simulateurs de réservoir pétrolier de nouvelle génération : extension 3D." Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0009.
Full textDuring the exploitation of an oil reservoir, it is important to predict the recovery of hydrocarbons and to optimize its production. A better comprehension of the physical phenomena requires to simulate 3D multiphase flows in increasingly complex geological structures. In this thesis, we are interested in this spatial discretization and we propose to extend in 3D the 2D hybrid model proposed by IFP in 1998 where the radial characteristics of the flows in the vicinity of wells are directly taken into account in the geometry. In these hybrid meshes, the wells and their drainage area are described by structured radial circular meshes and the reservoirs are represented by structured meshes that can be non uniform Cartesian or Corner Point Geometry grids. In order to generate a global conforming mesh, unstructured transition meshes based on power diagrams and satisfying finite volume properties are used to connect together the structured meshes. Two methods have been implemented to generate these transition meshes: a method using a Delaunay triangulation and another one using a frontal approach. In addition, some criteria are introduced to measure the quality or the transition meshes and optimization procedures are proposed to increase some of these criteria under finite volume properties constraints
Suard, Frédéric. "Méthodes à noyaux pour la détection de piétons." Phd thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0024.
Full textTecher, Franck. "Impact de la colère sur l'attention, le traitement de l'information et les performances en conduite simulée." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2014/document.
Full textAnger is an emotional state that may lead to an aggressive behavior, a reduction of risk perception and an increase of driving offences. Some of these effects may be imputable to an impaired perception or a distraction related to anger. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of anger on attention and its impacts on driving performances. The first study revealed that anger may improve the alerting network efficiency as measured with a computer task. A second experimentation aimed at observing the presence of such effect during a simulated driving task, using behavioral and electroencephalographic data. Results indicate that anger disrupted lateral control while reducing the attentional resources invested in sensorial processing of information. Finally, the third study, also on simulator, showed that anger may alter the reactivity during a car-following situation, while positively impacting pedestrian detection. These thesis results may confirm the importance to consider driver’s internal state when designing future vehicles or assistance systems
Lecocq, Pascal. "Simulation d'éclairage temps réel par des sources lumineuses mobiles et statiques : outils pour la simulation de conduite." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0122.
Full textPalomino, Bonaventure. "Conception d'un simulateur hybride pour l'aide à la décision en ordonnancement d'ateliers batch de l'agroalimentaire." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPTA19G.
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