Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulation par ordinateur – Effets des vagues'
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Kim, Shinwoong. "Experimental study on wave bending moments of a zero-speed rigid containership model in regular, irregular, and equivalent design waves." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0001.
Full textThe present thesis aims to study the motions and the internal loads of a 9-segmented rigid containership model in extreme waves. The study is mainly experimental and is carried out on a zero-speed model in a 180-degree head sea and a -120 degree oblique sea. The study leads to results highlighting the importance of the consideration of nonlinear wave descriptions and corresponding nonlinear structural responses.In head sea conditions, three wave approaches are considered. Regular waves are used to ensure that the model behaves similar to the earlier campaign. A Monte Carlo approach with a number of full scale 2h30 irregular wave realizations is used to have reference data. Finally, irregular equivalent design waves (EDW) are studied to check, in particular, the feasibility of one irregular EDW approach called First Order Reliability Method.A numerical algorithm coupling with the HOS-NWT for the FORM EDW is developed and the validation compared to the Monte Carlo results is performed in terms of geometrical characteristics of the EDW and IW signals along with their statistics. The study targets mainly two quantities. The first is the wave crest in a wave-only scenario, and the second is the VBM of the segmented model. The use of the HOSNWT, a nonlinear wave generation solver, enables cross-validation with experimental measurement.In the oblique wave condition, the study is limited to regular waves with various wave steepness with the intent to provide reference data for future benchmark studies. The wave nonlinearity effect on the horizontal and vertical wave bending moments with varying steepness is shown
Descamps, Théo. "Numerical analysis and development of accurate models in a CFD solver dedicated to naval applications with waves." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0049.
Full textThe objective of the present thesis is to develop solvers and methodologies in order to improve the computational cost andthe accuracy with regard to the thematics of seakeeping and added resistance. First, a synthetic workflow of the algorithmof the in-house solver foamStar is proposed. From this analysis a modification is proposed in order to use the Multidimensional Universal Limiter for Explicit Solution (MULES) with a second-order backward time scheme. Then, successive studies are done in order to: verify the implementation of the backward scheme; define an efficient numerical set-up and adequate mesh structures for numerical wave simulations. The case studies are, Taylor-Green vortices, nonlinear regular wave propagating in a periodic domain, and finally, regular waves generated with relaxation zones considering numerical configurations close to what is used for naval applications. In the last part of this Thesis, a preliminary study is done simulating a containership with forward speed in head regular waves. The recommendations derived all along this thesis are also evaluated
Bonnefoy, Félicien. "Modélisation expérimentale et numérique des états de mer complexes." Nantes, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010065.
Full textThe study of directional waves belongs to the top priorities of the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides, recently equipped with a large-sized wave basin. To exploit these new capacities as well as possible, the objective of this PhD is to acquire competences relating to as much the generation of the directional waves and the data analysis as the fine comprehension of the nonlinear phenomena involved with waves. To help the comprehension and control of these nonlinear effects, two numerical time domain models are developed and validated, reproducing all the features of the physical basin (segmented wavemaker, sidewalls, absorbing beach, finite depth). Both based on a spectral method of resolution of the potential equations, the first one is developed at second order in wave steepness while the second accounts for the fully nonlinear equations through an High-Order Spectral approximation. Generation techniques using sidewalls reflection to increase the size of the usable zone in case of oblique waves are implemented in both numerical of physical basins. A second order frequency domain analytical solution of the generation problem for oblique waves is developed and leads to the correction of the wavemaker motion to suppress the spurious free waves due to non-linearities on the wavemaker. The problem of the deterministic reproduction of steep events is tackled. In 2D, an original third order technique is proposed to accurately estimate the nonlinear phase velocities required to build the wavemaker motion. In 3D, a linear approach is followed to deal with the directionality of the focusing waves
Josset, Christophe. "Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle d'une centrale houlomotrice par une méthode couplée Rankine/Kelvin en domaine temporel." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2095.
Full textLoiseau, Fabrice. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements à surface libre : caractérisation de la couche limite de fond engendrée par un écoulement de houle et de courant." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10144.
Full textTromeur, Eric. "Simulations numériques des effets aéro-optiques pour les écoulements turbulents compressibles." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132003.
Full textNumerical simulations of aero-optical effects via large-eddy simulation (LES) are carried out in turbulent compressible boundary layer and cavity flows. Within these configurations, blur image caused by phase distortion is the main aero-optical aberration undergone by wave front. This one is due to density variation in turbulent flow. This perturbation is consequently limiting performances of onboard optical system. First of all, LES of temporal turbulent boundary layers at Mach numbers equal to 2. 3 and 0. 9 are made in order to evaluate optical degradation in such flows. However, these simulations are coping with several drawbacks. In order to compensate these limits, spatial simulation is implemented through turbulent inflow conditions study which remains a critical question for LES. So, a new rescaling and recycling method applied to compressible flows is set up to carry out such simulation. The obtained outcome about aero-optical effects in turbulent boundary layer is then applied to complex configuration : the optical cavity. The cavity flows physics result from mixing layer and acoustic waves interaction. Therefore, the difficult point consists of estimating optical degradation linked with each of these two processes. Beside their predictive capability, these announcing works are funding for aero-optical effects analysis and allow us to confirm the role of LES for this type of study
Louin, Jean-Charles. "Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Full textHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Marieu, Vincent. "Modélisation de la dynamique des rides sédimentaires générées par les vagues." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13511.
Full textBrousset, Mathias. "Simulation et rendu de vagues déferlantes." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2296/document.
Full textPhysics based animation and photorealistic rendering of fluids are two research field that has been widely addressed by the computer graphics research community. Both have applications in the video-entertainment industry and used in simulations of natural disasters, which require high computing performance in order to provide interactive time results. This thesis first focuses on simulating breaking wave on modern computer architecturesm and then to render them in the case of oceanic environments. The first part of this thesis deals with physics-based animation of breaking waves, and describes a simple model to generate and control such waves. Current methods only enable to simulate the effects but not the causes of water waves. The implementation of our method takes advantage of GPGPU technologies because of its massively parallel nature, in order to achieve interactive performances. Besides, the method was designed to provide the graphist user-control of the physical phenomena, which enables to control in real time all the physical parameters of the generated waves, in order to achieve the desired result. The second part of this thesis deals with the optical properties of water in oceanic environments and describes a model that enables to realistically render an oceanic scene. Its second goal is to provide user-control of the oceanic constituants amount to tune the appearance of the oceanic participating media
Maurel, Philippe. "Analyse et modélisation des courants et de la turbulence sous les vagues de vent." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT007H.
Full textBost, Marion. "Altération par le gel des massifs rocheux : étude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération des contraintes dans les fissures." Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4575/01/th%C3%A8sepdf2.pdf.
Full textStone and rock falls bring about problems related to land management in mountainous areas. Yet, the temporal assessment of the risk of rupture in blocks requires a kinetic description of weathering phenomenon. In the case of limestone cliffs in mountainous areas, it can be estimated that the dominant weathering process lies in cracks propagation due to freezingthawing cycles. This freezing-thawing mechanism within a rock matrix was reproduced in laboratory experiments with notched specimens. Experimental results allowed us to establish a model for the stresses due to frost. This stress model, along a crack inner wall, exhibits a maximum, which spreads more and more deeply along with spending time, until a limit, which is intrinsic to the material. Actually, the generated stress results as a balance between the confining pressure induced by the ice front spreading deeply in the crack and the water leakage in the porosity network in the vicinity of the crack. It is thus strongly dependent on the crack geometry and on the porous network features of the rock. An analytical assessment of the stress intensity factor at the crack bottom, by using the model established for the stress, was carried out. It matches the possibility to initiate a rupture according to linear failure mechanics laws. Microscopic observations of the crack evolution throughout the freezingthawing cycles show a progressive and heterogeneous rupture of the limestone. The crack propagation was simulated numerically. This simulation gave encouraging results, as it brought up to light key-elements which could be used to establish a predictive model for the failure of a rock mass subject to freezing-thawing cycles
Letalleur, Nicolas. "Influence de la géométrie des aspérités dans un contact hydrodynamique lubrifie ultra mince : effets locaux et comportement moyen." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0113.
Full textWhen the two surfaces of a lubricated contact are very close one together, mixed lubrication model are usually considered. They included bath the possibility of a contact between some asperities and simultaneously used hydrodynamic models in the other part of the contact. In our worlc, w assumed the existence of an ultrathin liquid film (fractionated lubrication theory) on the whole contact so that a pure hydrodynamic approach can be used. So the model take into account the description of very thin film areas (plateau) where the gap is as small as 50 nanometer and of valleys where the gap is fare bigger. In this context, we first consider the influence of a small number of isolated plateau-valley asperities in a three dimensional thin flow. The influence of various parameters is studied as the compressibility, the aspect ratio of the asperity, the piezo-viscosity and the input flow which indeed control the occurrence of the cavitation. An application in the context of the cold rolling is given. In the second part of the thesis, we try to take into account the existence of a great number of asperities so that exact computation is prohibited. Only the global behavior of the flow can be obtained by way of averaged models. Assuming newtonian, iso-viscous and non cavitating flow, we gained the so called flow F1. Ctors which enables us to write the averaged equations. A lot of numerical results are presented to show the behavior of such flow factors for deterministic, fractal and randomly generated surfaces
Pernin, Nicolas. "Contribution à la modelisation et à la simulation numérique des effets d'échelle en mise en forme." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2034.
Full textThe modelling of metal forming processes in small dimensions requires to take account of phenomena called scale effects. After a bibliographical review of technologies related to microforming processes of thin and volumic parts, two main scale effects are highlighted: a tribological effect and a rheological effect. In order to take account of the rheological effects, three modelling are proposed. The first is a surface layer model which consists in modelling the behavior of material by distinguishing the core (internal part) from the skin (external part). This model translate the hardenable effect of grains on the surface than in core of the part. The second one is a strain gradient plasticity model: a term in Laplacian of the equivalent plastic strain is added in the hardening relation which appears in the plasticity criterion. At each integration point, the Laplacian of the equivalent plastic strain is given from derived from a polynomial, which is interpolated by using the values of the plastic multiplier at the close integration points. The last is a nonlocal damage model which is based on a Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman approach. The void volume fraction at each integration point is regularized by an integral equation on a certain neighborhood. The three modellings were implemented in the finite element code POLYFORM dedicated to numerical simulation of metal forming processes including larges strains. A quasi static implicit approach is used to solve the problem. A set of numerical tests validates the numerical integration of suggested modellings
Happy, Henri. "Helena : un logiciel convivial de simulation des composants à effets de Champs." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10062.
Full textDesmons, Florian. "Étude numérique du déferlement de vagues capillo-gravitaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0040.
Full textSurface wave breaking, occurring from the ocean to the coastal zone, is a complex and challenging two-phase flow phenomenon which plays an important role in numerous processes, including air–sea transfer of gas, momentum and energy. Recent modelling attempts are struggling with the lack of physical knowledge of the finest details of the breaking processes. Furthermore, no universal scaling laws for physical variables have been found so far. Hence, parameterising and characterising breaking dynamics becomes very difficult.A numerical momentum preserving method, based on literature, has been developed during the thesis in order reach the finest details of the breaking process for capillary-gravity waves. This method reduces the nonphysical sea-air exchange of momentum during the simulation which allows to perform highly accurate simulations of the breaking process. This method is verified on literature verification cases. And it is validated on laboratory experiments such as drop impact on deep pool and breaking plunging wave on the sloping beach. These verifications and validations confirm the use the method developed during the following study on breaking wave.The breaking of capillary-gravity waves was investigated with the variation of the wave depth. In the literature, most of the experimental and numerical results were performed for deep water wave. The study is focused on the influence of the depth on the breaking dynamics. The surface geometry, underwater vorticities and total energy are studied for more than 170 simulations of the breaking of a Stokes wave on a flat bottom. The numerous simulations results permit to create a breaking map for three different ratios of water depth over the wavelength. The plunging and spilling breaking types were subdivided following the observations done on the simulations. The studies performed during the thesis lead to a better understanding of the breaking wave of capillary-gravity waves for intermediate depth
Le, Merle Eva. "Étude des propriétés physiques des vagues océaniques à partir d'observations par radar aéroporté à ouverture réelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV084.
Full textUnderstanding and forecasting waves is very important for economic and societal issues because they have an impact on the navigation, oil industry and littoral activities. Moreover, waves are the principal actor in air sea exchange processes which have an important impact on climate. Wave observations with in situ measurements and remote sensing observations allow to improve the representation of wave physical processes in the models. However, improvement of instrumental concept and the improvement of the wave representation in the models still need to pursue the work in the understand of the radar measurement over oceans. The SWIM radar, onboard the CFOSAT mission, is a new concept dedicated to the measurement of wave spectra at the global scale. This system provides detailed information about waves (height, frequency, direction, spread…). In order to prepare the CFOSAT mission, the CNRS-LATMOS developed an airborne radar with the help of the French space agency (CNES). This radar named KuROS uses measurement geometry and principle similar to the ones of SWIM. The objective of the thesis is twofold: firstly, to characterize and understand the performances and the limits of the KuROS airborne radar and secondly, to identify the complementary information provided by the spectral measurements of waves at the regional scale in the study of wave physics and modelling. The first part of the thesis is about the comparison of the wave parameters measured by KuROS during two field campaigns with data from wave models. We show that conditions with wavelengths lower than 200 m and significant wave heights lower than 4 m are the most appropriated situations for the wave spectrum measurements with KuROS. A simulator has been developed in order to evaluate the measurement performances with respect to the sea surface state and the observation geometry. The results of the simulations, compared to the observations, allow us to confirm in which conditions wave spectral parameters are obtained with a good accuracy with KuROS and to specify the factors which impact the most the measurement accuracy in some sea state conditions
Mikhail, Adel. "Simulation des effets tunnel résonnant dans les nanostructures de semiconducteurs." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-451-1.pdf.
Full textLa probabilite de transmission quantique est calculee de facon auto-coherente en tenant compte du temps de duree de vie dans le puits a l'aide d'une nouvelle methode d'analyse basee sur les fonctions d'airy. La comparaison theorie experience est satisfaisante pour une large gamme de temperature. Enfin, le potentiel electrostatique bidimensionnel pour des nanostructures laterales est etudie a partir d'un modele hydrodynamique. Deux modifications cle sont introduites, a savoir, la modelisation d'un contact ohmique profond et l'introduction de l'effet de degenerescence. Un tel modele est capable de decrire les structures resonnantes de la caracteristique courant tension resultant des transferts resonnants dans les puits de potentiels induits par les grilles de commande
Sahraoui, Sohbi. "Effets dynamiques dans les essais de rupture aux grandes vitesses de chargements : Etude de quelques polymères." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10612.
Full textAraujo, Filho Moacyr Cunha de. "Circulations de Langmuir et turbulence sous une houle cisaillée par le vent." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT019H.
Full textBrosse, Alexandre. "Modélisation expérimentale et numérique des effets induits par la rectification : aApplication à la rectification haute productivité." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0017.
Full textGrinding is one of the most complex material removal processes where many domains of physics take place. During grinding, many phenomena can appear such as burns or cracks that can affect the integrity of the ground surface. They are linked to the amount of thermal and mechanical energy that enter the workpiece. In order to improve the grinding process and its productivity, ameliorations have to be made concerning measurements and predictions of these phenomena. In this work, the use of current measurement methods such as thermography for temperature or X-ray diffraction for residual stresses help to improve the models of grinding and explain the relation between the grinding parameters and the damage of the surface. Numerical simulation is the other way of understanding and predicts damage. The metallurgical transformations that can appear during grinding are taken into account and an inverse method is used for the modeling of thermo-mechanicals loads entering the workpiece
Wasier, Julie. "Etude expérimentale des effets d'une frontière sur la propagation des ondes acoustiques à travers une turbulence thermique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0046.
Full textAcoustic waves propagating through turbulent media are significantly affected by the random inhomogeneities (temperature, velocity. . . ) occurring along the propagation path. Outdoor experiments have established the influence of atmospheric turbulence on sound propagation near the ground. In particular, it was shown that turbulence affects the interference pattern due to the existence of direct and reflected waves and changes the sound pressure level. In addition, turbulence increases sound pressure levels in the shadow zone created by an upward refracting atmosphere. However, the uncertainties with regard to meteorological parameter, namely the velocity and temperature gradients, make it critical to assess their individual influences on sound pressure level. We therefore decided to make a laboratory experiment in which the turbulence could be perfectly controlled. Several investigations showed it was possible to simulate the influence of thermal turbulence on acoustical wave propagation in free space by using a heated grid in air. The existing installation was modified to take the effect of a boundary into account. Two types of boundary were considered : a plane boundary to study the interference pattern due to the existence of a direct and a reflected wave, a curved boundary to simulate an upward refracting atmosphere and study the sound scattering by turbulence into an acoustic shadow zone. For each case, mean sound pressure levels and sound pressure fluctuations were measured. It leads us to characterize the second and fourth order moments of the sound pressure and the probability density. In addition, a numerical model based on a wide-angle parabolic equation has been used to predict the acoustic field measured in our experiments. In this statistical model, developed at the LMFA, the turbulence is represented as a set of independent realizations generated by the superposition of random Fourier modes. In the case of a plane boundary, the experimental data were compared with numerical results and a new theoretical model developed by Ostashev et al. There is good agreement between theory and measurements over a wide range of propagation distances and for a large frequency range. In the case of a curved boundary, the experiment without turbulence validate the analogy between the propagation above a curved surface and the propagation in an upward refractive atmosphere. Sound pressure level measurements with turbulence clearly underline the sound scattering by turbulence into the acoustic shadow zone; and the fourth order moment data suggest that the scattered field in the acoustic shadow is dominated by contributions from a small region close to the limiting ray
Frackowiak, Bruno. "Approche expérimentale et simulation numérique des effets d'interactions entre gouttes en évaporation." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0003.
Full textHaberkorn, Marie. "Simulations des grandes échelles en canal plan turbulent : Effets de compressibilité et propagation acoustique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2004/HABERKORN_Marie_2004.pdf.
Full textSauvage, Renaud. "Étude des effets de compressibilité à grands nombres de mach par simulation numérique directe d'une couche cisaillée." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT053H.
Full textDarles, Emmanuelle. "Représentation et rendu de l’océan en synthèse d’images réalistes." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2ad0d72b-74d1-4984-ba70-1e253c8bd256/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4037.pdf.
Full textNowadays, computer generated images are very present in our everyday life. Realism of these images is increasing, surprising and it isn’t often easy to distinguish the reality of the virtuality, this reality made by all the complexity of the natural phenomena which surround us. Water is one of these phenomena among which the variety and the dynamic comportment produce complex representation. We are interested in this thesis in its most area shape, that of the oceans, which are a part integral of our landscapes. At first, we study the methods allowing the simulation and rendering of the ocean in the physical domain and in computer graphics. In the second chapter, we propose a new rendering method unified allowing a faster visualization of ocean surface and allowing to approximate scattering and sub-scattering exchanges of light, foam and glare effects. In the chapter 3, we are interested to breaking waves by proposing a new physical based adaptive approach allowing to reproduce this phenomenon and to reduce time of calculations imposed by the resolution of equations of the fluid mechanics in 3D. In the fourth chapter, we extend this model by proposing a hierarchical approach allowing a stronger acceleration of the process of resolution and to obtain a simulation close to interactivity
BARROS, ELISABETH. "Estimation de parametres dans les equations de saint-venant." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066465.
Full textHouma, Jaouad El. "Analyses des effets des mouvements d'air dans les galeries d'antipistonnement d'un tunnel bitube sur le comportement dynamique des trains." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10072.
Full textMochel, Loïc. "Etude des effets technologiques par des méthodes numériques innovantes sur des configurations de lanceur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066059/document.
Full textNowadays, access to space has become a great issue in scientific, technological and political framework. It is essential to ensure the success of the placing of orbiting satellites with a minimal flight cost. Launchers, as the Ariane 5 space launcher, are subject to pressure fluctuations which can lead to unsteady loads on the actuators of the Vulcain engine. These loads occur especially in the separated zone of the launcher base flow and act normally to the thrust axis. They are referred to as side loads. From the numerical simulation perspective, the launcher technological elements discretization process makes the generation of structured mesh particularly difficult. The present study lies within such a framework. In order to assess the influence of the technological effects on the side loads prediction for realistic launcher configurations, immersed boundaries are studied. The aim is to develop a numerical strategy able to increase the level of geometrical complexity of the geometry at stake while maintaining the accuracy of the results of previous studies on simplified configurations. This strategy fits into numerical simulations of ZDES type of separating/reattaching flows at high Reynolds number and compressible regime. The abilities of the methodology are first assessed on canonical numerical test cases. Then, the strategy is applied on simplified launcher configurations. Finally, the effect of this strategy on the side loads prediction is assessed
Février, Pierre. "Étude numérique des effets de concentration préférentielle et de corrélation spatiale entre vitesses de particules solides en turbulence homogène isotrope stationnaire." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT042H.
Full textDufour, Emmanuelle. "Effets de corrélation de charges dans les plasmas denses et chauds." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11049.
Full textSoares, Moser Carlos Anissem. "Calcul direct du son rayonné par une couche de mélange en développement spatial : étude des effets du nombre de Mach et de l'anisothermie." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2359.
Full textIn the present work has been developed a numerical methodology to accurately perform the direct computation of the sound radiated by spatially evolving two-dimensional compressible mixing layers. An improved representation of the flow noise mechanisms is provided by the use ofhigh-order-accurate compact finite difference schemes for the spatial discretization and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme for the time integration. A characteristic-based formulation is used to solve by direct numerical simulation (DNS) the fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations and a conceptual model based on the characteristic analysis is used to prescribe initial and boundary conditions along with buffer zone treatments. The main focus is the analysis of Mach number and thermal effects on the mechanisms of sound generation and propagation by harmonically excited isothermal and non-isothermal mixing layers, at Reynolds number 400 and Mach number ranging from 0. 200 to 0. 400. The low Mach numbers allow us to keep almost the same flow dynamics features (sound sources). However, considerable changes are observed in the acoustic field patterns. The superdirective character on sound radiation is recognized at the higher speed mixing layers. The reciprocal influence of Mach number and thermal effects on the flow noise mechanisms is identified in non-isothermal mixing layers
Cirba, Claude. "Simulation numérique du piégeage et du dépiégeage dans les oxydes de composants MOS." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20237.
Full textDumont, Eric. "Caractérisation, modélisation et simulation des effets visuels du brouillard pour l'usager de la route." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164237.
Full textDans la première partie, essentiellement bibliographique, on commence par constater la contradiction entre la complexité et la diversité des propriétés microphysiques et optiques du brouillard d'une part, et l'utilisation courante de la notion de “ distance de visibilité ” pour en décrire les effets perceptifs d'autre part. On montre ensuite que la caractérisation des effets visuels du brouillard passe par une analyse fréquentielle des perturbations induites par la diffusion de la lumière dans la distribution de luminance formant le signal visuel. En vue de maîtriser le recueil des images indispensables à cette analyse, on choisit de faire appel à la synthèse d'images en privilégiant la méthode du tracé de rayons.
Dans la deuxième partie, on commence par décrire la technique de tracé de photons de type Monte-Carlo développée pour simuler la diffusion multiple et anisotrope de la lumière au sein d'un milieu polydispersé tel que le brouillard. Le code ainsi mis au point est ensuite mis en œuvre afin d'étudier les propriétés de la fonction de transfert de modulation d'une couche de brouillard, assimilée à un filtre optique, ce qui nous conduit à définir un opérateur fréquentiel de contraste pour caractériser le halo généré autour du signal transmis par l'énergie lumineuse diffusée. En se basant sur la loi de Koschmieder, on propose finalement un modèle étendu des effets visuels du brouillard – extinction, halo et voiles (atmosphérique et rétro-diffusé) – permettant de prédire les dégradations engendrées par le brouillard dans l'environnement visuel de l'usager de la route en toutes conditions de circulation. On montre également que le modèle proposé est compatible avec une mise en œuvre interactive sur simulateur de conduite.
Le modèle photométrique des effets visuels du brouillard issu de ce travail a dores et déjà fait l'objet d'une validation expérimentale, en collaboration avec des psychologues de la conduite. Il a également été utilisé pour améliorer les outils de simulation de conduite dans le brouillard, en collaboration avec une société spécialisée dans la simulation temps-réel. Il est prévu de mettre en œuvre ces outils pour étudier les performances de l'infrastructure routière en termes de visibilité et de lisibilité par temps de brouillard.
Grandjean, Sylvie. "Réponse thermique à l'échelle locale dans les matériaux céramiques, effets des pores et des joints de grains." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0033.
Full textA heterogeneous material consists of a mixture of solid phases, pores and interfaces. Many models describe the equivalent thermal conductivity of porous or multiphase material. On the other hand, there is little information concerning the effect of the grain boundaries. We have therefor examined the relation between the porosity and the grain boundaries with conductivity and in particular we have evaluated the thermal resistance of the grain boundaries in alumina, tin oxide and magnesia. Values in the range 0. 7 to 2. 2 10-8 m2. K. W-1 were obtained for the three materials. In order to eliminate the contribution of the pores on resistance, a correction is made by the effective medium percolation theory. This choice was guided by a study in computer simulation of the effect of the porous structure on conductivity. The last part presents an experiment of local measurement of thermal conductivity applied to single crystal fibers as well as polycrystalline ceramics
Dufresne, Margarita. "Modélisation de la houle par éléments finis." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP0986.
Full textThe two-dimensional (horizontal plane) models of free surface wave propagation are deduced from the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics. They are based on the non Iinear non-dispersive wave approach described by Saint-Venant equations (hydrostatic pressure), and on the non-linear dispersive wave approach described by Serre and Boussinesq type equations (non-hydrostatic pressure). The Boussinesq and Serre equations are developed using perturbation method with definition of the domain of validity of various approximations. A considerable number of Serre and Boussinesq type models is due to the choice of the kind of horizontal velocity, for which we give unambiguous interpretation. Higher-order terms introduced by Madsen to improve frequency dispersion serve as a base of "product" of different Boussinesq-type modeis. A one-dimensional and a two-dimensional (in plane) finite elements model of Serre and Boussinesq-type equations with improved frequency dispersion are presented. The time discretisation is based on Lax-Wendrofftype non-diffusive scheme. The one-dimensional numerical models are validated comparing with theoretical solutions and results obtained experimentally for horizontal and uneven bottom with various boundary conditions. The two-dimensional (in plane) Serre-Boussinesq finite elements models, capable to predict the refraction, diffraction and reflection are validated with good agreements between numerical and experimental results. The irregular meshs for complex bathymetry are created using I-DEAS code. A new one-dimensional breaking wave propagation model based on the Boussinesq type equations is developed by introduction of turbulent dissipation. Satisfactory agreements between numerical results and experiences are obtained
Milliez, Maya. "Modélisation micro-météorologique en milieu urbain : dispersion des polluants et prise en compte des effets radiatifs." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENPC0629.
Full textGuio, François de. "Compréhension et maîtrise des effets de susceptibilité magnétique air/matière en imagerie par résonance magnétique : application à la caractérisation des produits alvéolés dans les procédés agroalimentaires." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S092.
Full textThe original idea of the present thesis is to use magnetic susceptibility effects as a mean to characterize food products containing air/water interfaces. While methods exist to correct these artefacts, we considered magnetic susceptibility as an interesting contrast agent as dependent of field inhomogeneities induced by the object itself. A dual approach was conducted by comparing simulated and experimental results. First step was to integrate intravoxel dephasing modeling in the MRI simulator. Validation was then quantitatively done on a single air-filled cylinder and on a network of small interacting air-filled cylinders. Signal loss in presence of air bubbles was studied in simulation. We could model the signal decay constant as a function of porosity and bubble radius. These results lead to a MRI method based on magnetic susceptibility effects to estimate bubble size in alveolar products. This was applied to bread dough at rest and during proving. Finally, an original method, based on spin echo and gradient echo sequences, was developed to quantify porosity in tomato tissues
Proust, Sébastien. "Ecoulements non-uniformes en lits composés : effets de variations de la largeur du lit majeur." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0083/these.pdf.
Full textFlooding rivers usually present transition reaches where the floodplain width can significantly vary. The present work focuses on both physical and numerical modeling of over bank flows in such configurations. A particular attention is paid to flows in the flood plain. These flows are characterized by turbulent exchanges due to the velocity gradient between flows in the main channel and the floodplain, and by severe mass transfer and associated momentum exchange between the subsections. New experiments are carried out in non-prismatic compound channel flumes: flows in abrupt contraction of the flood plain, enlarging flood plains, flow in the vicinity of groynes. In addition to conventional 1D and 2D simulations, a new modeling is presented: it is called “1D Per Subsection Method” and separates the dynamic equations in each bed. The simulations of both water depth and discharge rate in the floodplain are in good agreement with experimental data, for eight tested geometries
Proust, Sébastien Morel Robert J. Zech Yves. "Ecoulements non-uniformes en lits composés effets de variations de la largeur du lit majeur /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=proust.
Full textTurbatte, Jean-Christophe. "Étude par simulation numérique du dommage d'irradiation dans les alliages fer - cuivre." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10243.
Full textCoelho, Daniel. "Génération, géométrie et propriétés de transport de milieux granulaires." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2346.
Full textHubert, François-Xavier. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique des ouvrages en béton avec prise en compte des effets de la dessiccation." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/55376-2004-Hubert.pdf.
Full textFavier, Benjamin. "Modélisation et simulations en turbulence homogène anisotrope : effets de rotation et magnétohydrodynamique." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDL0020/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on incompressible homogeneous anisotropic turbulence, with a particuliar interest on the effect of a solid-body rotation and a uniform steady magnetic field. In addition to Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), we also propose a stochastic model of anisotropic turbulence (Kinematic Simulation or KS) based on a superposition of Fourier modes, in which linear dynamics (based on Rapid Distorsion Theory) is included. First, the effect of a solid body rotation is studied and we focus on two-time velocity correlations. Comparisons between KS and DNS are presented in the isotropic and rotating cases. We then apply these results to aeroacoutics and show how the rotation modifies the acoustic emission of homogeneous turbulence. Secondly, we focus on the effect of an imposed magnetic field and we describe the anisotropy of the flow in function of the magnetic Reynolds number. The quasi-static magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is very similar to the so-called 2D-3C turbulence due to anisotropic Joule dissipation and we show how the isotropy is restored as the magnetic Reynolds numbers increases. Finally, we consider the coupled effect of rotation and magnetic field. Energetic properties and anisotropy are studied and a dependance of the results on the Elsasser number is also proposed
Lachèze, Ludovic. "Etude et simulation physique des effets parasites dans les HEMTs AlGaN/GaN." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13975/document.
Full textIII-V nitrides have attracted intense interest recently for applications in high-temperature, high-power electronic devices operating at microwave frequencies. Great progress has been made in recent years to improve the characteristics of nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). However, it's necessary to study the mecanisms involved in the electron transport as the mechanic strain on the AlGaN layer, the fixed charge distribution and leakage currents. In this goal, from DC I-V measurements, pulsed I-V measurements and DCTS measurements, TCAD simulation are used to validate the assumption on the origin of the parasitic mechanisms on the electron transport. I-V measurement in temperature (from 100K to 200K) are used to identify the nature of mechanisms (Poole-Frenkel, band-to-band tunneling, thermionic,..). With this method, an accurate study of the gate current was done. To choose the different physical phenomena and which model to implement in the TCAD simulations, an analytical model was developed with a compraison with measurements. These mechanisms are validated by TCAD simulation. The comparaison between I-V measurements and simulation permit to localize (in the transistor) these parasitic mechanisms. In conclusion of this work, a high density of traps in a thin layer under the gate increase the probability of tunnelling current through the gate. When the gate bias increases, the high density of traps in AlGaN layer is using by electrons to leak by the gate. When the gate bias increases, the valence band in AlGaN layer is aligned with the conduction band in the channel. The very thin thickness of this layer (about 25nm) makes possible a band-to-band tunneling
Mrabet, Ahmed Amine. "Accélérations algorithmiques pour la simulation numérique d’impacts de vagues. Modèles de type "roofline" pour la caractérisation des performances, application à la CFD." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN010/document.
Full textDuring recent years computer processors have become increasingly complex (multiple levels of cache, vectorization, etc), meaning that the study of performance and optimization is also becoming more complex and difficult to understand. So a simple and easy-to-use model aimed at studying the performance of applications would be of great value. The Roofline model [17] promises to meet this criteria, but it is insufficient for robust and detailed characterization.In the first part of this thesis, several improved versions of the Roofline model, that are more robust and accurate, are developed by going through theRoofline version as a function of time and block, and finally a new Rooflinemodel is implemented in the Intel Vtune characterization suite. To validate thenew models, the LINPACK andtextitSTREAM benchmarks are used, as wellas, a mini-application developed during this thesis that solves the advectionequation and serves as a prototype for the evaluation of explicit hydrodynamicsimulation codes. This mini-application is also ported to the new Intel XeonPhi KNL and KNC co-processors.Simulation of wave impact using compressible and incompressible industrialcodes is the focus of the second part of this thesis. Several functionalities are added to the compressible FluxIC code, and a chaining of compressible andincompressible codes is carried out. Finally, a new numerical scheme called"incompressible liquid and quasi-compressible gas" is introduced, which allowsthe simulation of wave impact using an incompressible code with a compressiblecorrection in areas where gas compressibility is significant
Hajji, Lotfi. "Contribution à l'étude des effets inertiels sur le comportement de particules en suspension dans un écoulement gazeux turbulent." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10014.
Full textAncellin, Matthieu. "Sur la modélisation physique et numérique du changement de phase interfacial lors d'impacts de vagues." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN010/document.
Full textIn the context of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) transportation in floating tanks, such as in LNG carriers, the constraints imposed by the sloshing of the liquid cargo on the tank have to be estimated. Most experimental and numerical studies until now do not take into account the possibility of phase change between the LNG and its vapor during the impact of liquid on the wall. The goal of this thesis is to include this physical phenomenon into a CFD code for the simulation of a breaking wave impact on a wall.A state of the art of the different modelisations of phase change in fluid mechanics is thus presented. This work focus on the modeling of phase change between the liquid and the gas at a sharp interface, without any equilibrium hypothesis. An hyperbolic system of balance laws including non-equilibrium interfacial phase change is presented.Two approaches are used to solve numerically this system. The first one relies on a mixture model for the description of the finite volume cells containing the interface, whereas in the second approach the interface is reconstructed and evolves in a lagrangian way. Both methods are based on a Roe-type finite volume scheme.The challenge of the numerical simulation of interfacial phase change is the capacity of the code to deal with density ratio far from 1 and high latent heat, as the lead to high temperature and pressure variations at the interface. The thermal aspect is the limiting phenomenon in the frame of wave impact simulation with phase change. Only a thin boundary layer around the interface tends to return to thermodynamical equilibrium, thus limiting the quantitative effect of phase change
Abed, El Nabi Firas. "Effets de taille sur la transition fragile-ductile dans les nanopiliers de silicium : étude par simulation numérique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2253/document.
Full textFor technological interest, the understanding of the deformation mechanisms at the nano-scale is essential in order to prevent stress relaxation mechanisms that could lead to defects formation and/or to catastrophic failure. Furthermore, recent experimental findings showed in semiconductor nano-objects, a size dependent brittle to ductile transition: they are ductile below a few hundreds of nanometers, brittle above that scale. To investigate this behavior, we have used molecular dynamics as a tool to simulate deformation tests of nanowires and we have used silicon as a prototypical semiconductor material. First we analyzed a number of measurable quantities such as the elasticity coefficients and the elasticity limit with respect to various parameters and we found that the elasticity limit decreases when the length of the nanowire increases. An analysis of the atomic structure of the deformed systems allowed us to decompose the overall mechanical behavior of the nanowires into elementary mechanisms; we thus showed that the nucleation of a first dislocation was systematically at the origin of ductility and brittleness. After the initial dislocation nucleation, the competition between further dislocation nucleation events and cavities opening, determine the overall mechanical behavior of the nanowire. Finally, we tried to estimate quantitatively the degree of ductility and brittleness of the nanowires by analyzing the amount of energy released by those two elementary mechanisms during the plastic regime and we rationalized the role of the size of the deformed systems on the brittle to ductile transition
Costa-Cabral, Benedito José. "Étude de la structure des liquides moléculaires à l'aide de simulations du type Monte-Carlo : Applications à la modélisation des effets de solvant." Nancy 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN10864.
Full textBruyère, Arnaud. "Etudes in vitro du métabolisme et du transport intestinal humain avec modélisation in vitro/in vivo par approche physiologique." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P608.
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