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1

Zohdi, Tarek I. An introduction to modeling and simulation of particulate flows. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2007.

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2

Randall, Clive William. The application of contact mechanics to the numerical simulation of particulate material. Aston University. Department of Civil Engineering, 1989.

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3

Davidson, Moreira, and Vilhena Marco, eds. Air pollution and turbulence: Modeling and applications. Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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4

Flanagan, Thomas Bernard. Signal controlled roundabouts: An investigation into the efficiency of signal controlled roundabouts utilizing simulation techniques with particular reference to junctions with three approaches. University of Bradford, 1987.

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5

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA's actions to resolve concerns with the fine particulate monitoring program : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. The Office, 1999.

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6

Lu, Hui-Zhong. Simulation des écoulements externes visqueux incompressibles par une méthode de couplage: Différences finies/méthode particulaire. 1996.

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7

Lenhard, Johannes. Computer Simulation. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.42.

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This article interprets computer simulation modeling as a new type of mathematical modeling that comprises a number of interdependent components, among them experimentation, visualization, and adaptability. Furthermore, it is argued, simulation modeling can be characterized as a particular style of reasoning, namely a combinatorial style, that assembles and balances elements from different other styles. Two examples are discussed that exemplify the transformative force of this style: what counts as “understanding phenomena” and what counts as a “solution.” Both are seminal pieces of traditiona
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8

Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Some tricks of the trade. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0005.

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This chapter concentrates on practical tips and tricks for improving the efficiency of computer simulation programs. This includes the effect of using truncated and shifted potentials, and the use of table look-up and neural networks for calculating potentials. Approaches for speeding up simulations, such as the Verlet neighbour list, linked-lists and multiple timestep methods are described. The chapter then proceeds to discuss the general structure of common simulation programs; in particular the choice of the starting configuration and the initial velocities of the particles. The chapter als
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9

Birks, Daniel. Computer Simulations. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.36.

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In recent years, the field of social simulation has been dominated by the individual, or agent-based, computational model (ABM). ABMs provide unique means to explore complex social systems by allowing researchers to construct explicit models of the individual actors and interactions that make them up - people, peer groups, companies, nations, trade, reproduction, victimization, and so on, This chapter aims to provide the reader with a primer in the social simulation method and in particular the application of ABM in the field of environmental criminology. It begins by discussing the rationale
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10

An Introduction to Modeling and Simulation of Particulate Flows (Computational Science and Engineering). SIAM, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2007.

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11

Computational Fluid And Particle Dynamics In The Human Respiratory System. Springer, 2012.

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12

Moreira, Davidson, and Marco Vilhena. Air Pollution and Turbulence: Modeling and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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13

Moreira, Davidson, and Marco Vilhena. Air Pollution and Turbulence. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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14

Air Pollution and Turbulence: Modeling and Applications. CRC Press LLC, 2009.

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15

Friedlander, Jennifer. An Uncertain Indeterminacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190676124.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the controversy surrounding Yale University senior Aliza Shvartz, who made international headlines when reports circulated that her senior-year art project documented a year in which she frequently tried to impregnate herself while taking herbs to induce a miscarriage. At the heart of the uproar lies a fundamental uncertainty as to the reality of the documented event. In particular, claims that the piece was a “hoax” imply that she performed a mere dissimulation rather than, as Shvartz herself suggests, a true simulation. This case also serves as an opportunity to asses
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16

Clegg, G. Teacher and pupil perceptions of the microcomputer in the primary school with particular reference to simulation and adventure game programs. 1988.

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17

Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist, and Johan Hellsvik. Implementation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0007.

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In this chapter, we will present the technical aspects of atomistic spin dynamics, in particular how the method can be implemented in an actual computer software. This involves calculation of effective field and creation of neighbour lists for setting up the geometry of the system of interest as well as choosing a suitable integrator scheme for the SLL (or SLLG) equation. We also give examples of extraction and processing of relevant observables that are common output from simulations. Atomistic spin dynamics simulations could be a computationally heavy tool but it is also very well adapted fo
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18

Phan-Thien, Nhan, and Sangtae Kim. Microstructures in Elastic Media. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090864.001.0001.

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This monograph describes various methods for solving deformation problems of particulate solids, taking the reader from analytical to computational methods. The book is the first to present the topic of linear elasticity in mathematical terms that will be familiar to anyone with a grounding in fluid mechanics. It incorporates the latest advances in computational algorithms for elliptic partial differential equations, and provides the groundwork for simulations on high performance parallel computers. Numerous exercises complement the theoretical discussions, and a related set of self-documented
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19

Millstein, Roberta. Probability in Biology. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.27.

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I examine the concept of “fitness” in the philosophy of evolutionary biology to show how discussions of probability in biology can go wrong, and right. Many of the critiques of the propensity interpretation of fitness have focused on the mathematical aspects of fitness; re-focusing on several aspects of the propensity interpretation of probability more generally can help to address these concerns. I conclude with some general lessons for thinking about probability in biology. The propensity interpretation of fitness, properly understood, solves the explanatory circularity problem and the misma
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20

Kanduč, M., A. Schlaich, E. Schneck, and R. R. Netz. Interactions between biological membranes: theoretical concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0012.

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In this chapter we review the various types of generic (non-specific) forces acting between lipid membranes in an aqueous environment and discuss the underlying mechanisms, with particular focus on the competing roles of enthalpic and entropic contributions. The interaction free energy (or interaction potential) is typically the result of a subtle interplay of several, often antagonistic contributions with comparable magnitude. First, we will briefly introduce the underlying physics of various kinds of surface–surface interactions, starting with theories of van der Waals and undulation interac
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21

Campbell, John, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss. QCD to All Orders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0005.

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This chapter centres around the treatment of QCD emissions to all orders. After introductory remarks about the analytic properties of the radiation pattern, some of the most striking phenomenological consequences of non-trivial quantum effects, in particular, the angular ordering property of QCD, are highlighted. Next, analytic resummation techniques are considered, expanding on the treatment of transverse momentum resummation from Chapter 2, and introducing the idea of threshold resummation. BFKL resummation, which resums large logarithms emerging in the high-energy limit, is also introduced.
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22

Kubek, Maria M., and Zhong Li, eds. Autonomous Systems 2018. VDI Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186862105.

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To meet the expectations raised by the terms Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet and Internet of Things, real innovations are necessary, which can be brought about by information processing systems working autonomously. Owing to their growing complexity and their embedding in ever-changing environments, their design becomes increasingly critical. Thus, the many topics addressed in this book range from data integration on hardware level to methods for security and safety of data and to stochastic methods, data interferences as well as machine learning and search in decentralised systems. Their va
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23

Gallagher, Shaun. The Practice of Thinking. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.003.0010.

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This chapter addresses what is sometimes called the ‘scaling-up’ problem. The challenge is to show how enactivism can explain higher-order cognition that may involve memory, imagination, reflection, and abstract thinking. The chapter is framed around three interventions. First, it develops an enactivist account of affordance-based imagining, with reference to concepts of simulation and pretend play. Second, reflective thinking is conceived as a skillful practice, a concept introduced with reference to the recent McDowell–Dreyfus debate. Finally, this enactivist conception of thinking as practi
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24

Humphreys, Paul. Computational Economics. Edited by Don Ross and Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0013.

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Computational economics is a relatively new research technique in economics, but it is inexorably taking its place alongside the more traditional methods of general theory, abstract modeling, data analysis, and the more recent experimental economics. Perhaps because of its relative newness, the term computational economics currently has no determinate meaning. In contemporary use, it refers to a heterogeneous cluster of techniques implemented on concrete digital computers ranging from the numerical solution of the Black-Scholes partial differential equation for pricing options through automate
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25

Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. The Evolutionary Dynamics of Decision Rule Selection. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.003.0008.

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This chapter extends the survival-of-the-fittest evolutionary environment to consider the possibility that new political parties, when they first come into existence, do not pick decision rules at random but instead choose rules that have a track record of past success. This is done by adding replicator-mutator dynamics to the model, according to which the probability that each rule is selected by a new party is an evolving but noisy function of that rule's past performance. Estimating characteristic outputs when this type of positive feedback enters the dynamic model creates new methodologica
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26

Bennett, D. Scott. Teaching the Scientific Study of International Processes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.314.

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The Scientific Study of International Processes (SSIP) is an approach aimed at teaching of international politics scientifically. Teaching scientifically means teaching students how to use evidence to support or disprove some particular logical argument or hypothesis that reaches some level of generalization about relationships between concepts. Closely related to simply asking what evidence there is, is teaching students to address the breadth, depth, and quality of that evidence. The scientific approach may also draw attention to the logic of arguments and policies. Are policies, positions,
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27

Baillo, Amparo, Antonio Cuevas, and Ricardo Fraiman. Classification methods for functional data. Edited by Frédéric Ferraty and Yves Romain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199568444.013.10.

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This article reviews the literature concerning supervised and unsupervised classification of functional data. It first explains the meaning of unsupervised classification vs. supervised classification before discussing the supervised classification problem in the infinite-dimensional case, showing that its formal statement generally coincides with that of discriminant analysis in the classical multivariate case. It then considers the optimal classifier and plug-in rules, empirical risk and empirical minimization rules, linear discrimination rules, the k nearest neighbor (k-NN) method, and kern
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28

Wing, Ian Sue, and Edward J. Balistreri. Computable General Equilibrium Models for Policy Evaluation and Economic Consequence Analysis. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.7.

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This chapter reviews recent applications of computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling in the analysis and evaluation of policies that affect interactions among multiple markets. At the core of this research is a particular approach to the data and structural representations of the economy, elaborated through the device of a canonical static multiregional model. This template is adapted and extended to shed light on the structural and methodological foundations of simulating dynamic economies, incorporating “bottom-up” representations of discrete production activities, and modeling contempo
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29

Clark, James S., Dave Bell, Michael Dietze, et al. Assessing the probability of rare climate events. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.16.

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This article focuses on the use of Bayesian methods in assessing the probability of rare climate events, and more specifically the potential collapse of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Atlantic Ocean. It first provides an overview of climate models and their use to perform climate simulations, drawing attention to uncertainty in climate simulators and the role of data in climate prediction, before describing an experiment that simulates the evolution of the MOC through the twenty-first century. MOC collapse is predicted by the GENIE-1 (Grid Enabled Integrated Earth system m
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30

Stamenova, M., and S. Sanvito. Atomistic spin-dynamics. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.7.

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This article reviews recent advances towards the development of a truly atomistic time-dependent theory for spin-dynamics. The focus is on the s-d tight-binding model [where conduction electrons (s) are exchange-coupled to a number of classical spins (d)], including electrostatic corrections at the Hartree level, as the underlying electronic structure theory. In particular, the article considers one-dimensional (1D) magnetic atomic wires and their electronic structure, described by means of the s-d model. The discussion begins with an overview of the model spin Hamiltonian, followed by molecul
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31

Primiero, Giuseppe. On the Foundations of Computing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835646.001.0001.

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This book is a technical, historical, and conceptual investigation into the three main methodological approaches to the computational sciences: mathematical, engineering, and experimental. Part I explores the background behind the formal understanding of computing, originating at the end of the nineteenth century, and it invesitagtes the formal origins and conceptual development of the notions of computation, algorithm, and program.Part II overviews the construction of physical devices to performautomated tasks and it considers associated technical and conceptual issues. It starts with the des
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32

Bradford, University of, ed. Computer simulation studies of dense suspension rheology: Comutational studies of model sheared fluids; elucidation, interpretation and description of the observed rheological behaviour of simple colloidal suspensions in the granulo-viscous domain by non-equilibrium particulate dynamics. 1989.

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33

Sprenger, Jan, and Stephan Hartmann. Bayesian Philosophy of Science. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672110.001.0001.

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“Bayesian Philosophy of Science” addresses classical topics in philosophy of science, using a single key concept—degrees of beliefs—in order to explain and to elucidate manifold aspects of scientific reasoning. The basic idea is that the value of convincing evidence, good explanations, intertheoretic reduction, and so on, can all be captured by the effect it has on our degrees of belief. This idea is elaborated as a cycle of variations about the theme of representing rational degrees of belief by means of subjective probabilities, and changing them by a particular rule (Bayesian Conditionaliza
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34

Dill-Shackleford, Karen E., and Cynthia Vinney. Finding Truth in Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190643607.001.0001.

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Being a fan of a popular film, television, or book franchise is something most of us enjoy. But, we may not be familiar with the scientific study of fictional narrative or of fandom. In this book, two media psychologists reveal the sometimes-paradoxical idea that fiction helps us find truth in our real lives. Whether you consider yourself a fan or whether you find yourself thinking of a particular fictional scene for inspiration, you are not alone. Perfectly sane people regularly admit that their favorite stories are important to them. Although journalists sometimes assume that the interest in
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35

Grush, Rick, and Lisa Damm. Cognition and the Brain. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0012.

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The article explores the relationship between cognition and the brain. Some researches indicate that emotions provide information, anticipate future responses, influence reasoning strategy, index value, and direct attention toward particular objects but few psychologists have attempted to incorporate these results into an integrative general theory of cognition and emotion. Antonio Damasio claims that emotions are primarily representations of somatic states, including visceral and musculoskeletal, at the psychological level. The relationship between the event type and the associated emotional
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36

Tibaldi, Stefano, and Franco Molteni. Atmospheric Blocking in Observation and Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.611.

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The atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitudes of both hemispheres is usually dominated by westerly winds and by planetary-scale and shorter-scale synoptic waves, moving mostly from west to east. A remarkable and frequent exception to this “usual” behavior is atmospheric blocking. Blocking occurs when the usual zonal flow is hindered by the establishment of a large-amplitude, quasi-stationary, high-pressure meridional circulation structure which “blocks” the flow of the westerlies and the progression of the atmospheric waves and disturbances embedded in them. Such blocking structures can hav
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37

Liu, Xiaodong, and Libin Yan. Elevation-Dependent Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.593.

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As a unique and high gigantic plateau, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is sensitive and vulnerable to global climate change, and its climate change tendencies and the corresponding impact on regional ecosystems and water resources can provide an early alarm for global and mid-latitude climate changes. Growing evidence suggests that the TP has experienced more significant warming than its surrounding areas during past decades, especially at elevations higher than 4 km. Greater warming at higher elevations than at lower elevations has been reported in several major mountainous regions on earth, and thi
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