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Journal articles on the topic 'Simulation templates'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Vincenzi, M., M. Sullivan, R. E. Firth, C. P. Gutiérrez, C. Frohmaier, M. Smith, C. Angus, and R. C. Nichol. "Spectrophotometric templates for core-collapse supernovae and their application in simulations of time-domain surveys." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 5802–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2448.

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ABSTRACT The design and analysis of time-domain sky surveys require the ability to simulate accurately realistic populations of core-collapse supernova (SN) events. We present a set of spectral time-series templates designed for this purpose, for both hydrogen-rich (Type II, IIn, and IIb) and stripped-envelope (Type Ib, Ic, and Ic-BL) core-collapse SNe. We use photometric and spectroscopic data for 67 core-collapse SNe from the literature, and for each generate a time-series spectral template. The techniques used to build the templates are fully data driven with no assumption of any parametric form or model for the light curves. The template-building code is open source, and can be applied to any transient for which well-sampled multiband photometry and multiple spectroscopic observations are available. We extend these spectral templates into the near-ultraviolet to λ ≃ 1600 Å using observer-frame ultraviolet photometry. We also provide a set of templates corrected for host galaxy dust extinction, and provide a set of luminosity functions that can be used with our spectral templates in simulations. We give an example of how these templates can be used by integrating them within the popular SN simulation package snana, and simulating core-collapse SNe in photometrically selected cosmological Type Ia SN samples, prone to contamination from core-collapse events.
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2

Van Segbroeck, Sven, Ann Nowé, and Tom Lenaerts. "Stochastic Simulation of the Chemoton." Artificial Life 15, no. 2 (April 2009): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2009.15.2.15203.

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Gánti's chemoton model is an illustrious example of a minimal cell model. It is composed of three stoichiometrically coupled autocatalytic subsystems: a metabolism, a template replication process, and a membrane enclosing the other two. Earlier studies on chemoton dynamics yield inconsistent results. Furthermore, they all appealed to deterministic simulations, which do not take into account the stochastic effects induced by small population sizes. We present, for the first time, results of a chemoton simulation in which these stochastic effects have been taken into account. We investigate the dynamics of the system and analyze in depth the mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior. Our results suggest that, in contrast to the most recent study by Munteanu and Solé, the stochastic chemoton reaches a unique stable division time after a short transient phase. We confirm the existence of an optimal template length and show that this is a consequence of the monomer concentration, which depends on the template length and the initiation threshold. Since longer templates imply shorter division times, these results motivate the selective pressure toward longer templates observed in nature.
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Chi, Zheru, Zhongkang Lu, Wan-chi Siu, and Peng-Fei Shi. "An Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Handwritten Numeral Templates Represented by Rational B-Spline Surfaces." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 3, no. 6 (December 20, 1999): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1999.p0462.

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To improve the reliability of a template-matching classifier for recognizing connected handwritten characters, we present an evolutionary algorithm to optimize handwritten numeral templates represented by rational Bspline surfaces of character pixel-boundary distance maps (PBDMs). Initial templates are extracted by training a feed-forward neural network. In simulation, 1,000 handwritten numeral templates (100 templates for each class) were extracted and optimized using 10,426 training samples (isolated numerals from NIST Special Database 3). A template-matching classifier using these 1,000 optimized templates rejected 90.7% of nonnumeral patterns (not included in the training set) while achieving a correct classification rate of 96.4% on independent isolated numerals.
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Gibbons, Stephen C., Joann Rullo, Richard D. Gilson, and Margaret Thomas. "Training templates utilizing advanced simulation." ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest 20, no. 1 (March 28, 1989): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/66488.66494.

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5

Feken, Cheryl. "Simulation Templates: Tool for Budgeting." Clinical Simulation in Nursing 8, no. 8 (October 2012): e395-e396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2012.07.028.

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6

HSU, CHENG-HSIUNG, and TING-HUI YANG. "ABUNDANCE OF MOSAIC PATTERNS FOR CNN WITH SPATIALLY VARIANT TEMPLATES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 12, no. 06 (June 2002): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127402005108.

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This work investigates the complexity of one-dimensional cellular neural network mosaic patterns with spatially variant templates on finite and infinite lattices. Various boundary conditions are considered for finite lattices and the exact number of mosaic patterns is computed precisely. The entropy of mosaic patterns with periodic templates can also be calculated for infinite lattices. Furthermore, we show the abundance of mosaic patterns with respect to template periods and, which differ greatly from cases with spatially invariant templates.
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7

Hanson, Eric J., and Thomas LoFaro. "Odd Ghrist Templates are Universal." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 10 (September 2016): 1650176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416501765.

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In a pair of papers, Robert Ghrist constructed two families of branched two-manifolds, or knot templates, that are universal. That is, each template contains an isotopic copy of every knot (and link) type as a periodic orbit of the corresponding semiflow. A common feature of these families is an even number of half-twists in one of the strips. We eliminate the requirement that the number of half-twists be even and call the enlarged family of templates Ghrist templates. We demonstrate that all Ghrist templates are universal, specifically those containing an odd number of half-twists. We then use this result to briefly examine the knot structure of a geometric model of a system of differential equations on [Formula: see text] known as the Newton–Leipnik equations.
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KOCAREV, Lj, Z. TASEV, D. DIMOVSKI, and L. O. CHUA. "KNOTTED PERIODIC ORBITS IN CHUA’S CIRCUIT." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 04, no. 03 (June 1994): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127494000435.

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Induced templates for two members of Chua’s attractors: spiral-type and double-scroll chaotic attractors are computed using the orbits of lower period. The template describes the topological properties of periodic orbits embedded in the attractor. It is identified by a set of integers which characterize the attractor. The templates are confirmed by investigating orbits of higher period.
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Matei, Radu, and Liviu Goraç. "Elementary linear filtering tasks using CNNs with minimum-size templates." Journal of Automatic Control 13, no. 1 (2003): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0301047m.

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In this paper we investigate the linear filtering capabilities of the standard cellular neural network in the general case of non-symmetric templates. We approached here systematically the CNNs with minimum-size templates (1x3), analyzing in detail their filtering capabilities in the one-dimensional case. Starting from a general form of the spatial transfer function, we emphasize some useful filtering functions that can be obtained. For each filter type, we derive the relations which give the template parameter values, in order to design a given CNN filter with specified characteristics-like central frequency, bandwidth, selectivity etc. Filters with symmetric templates are treated as a particular case. For each type of filtering the characteristics are shown and simulation results are presented as well. Some of these results are then extended to 2-D CNNs and several simulations of useful filtering tasks are presented on real images.
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CHEN, W., and S. P. BANKS. "BRANCHED MANIFOLDS, KNOTTED SURFACES AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 08 (August 2008): 2461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127408021828.

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The main result of this paper is a proof of existence of a nontrivial knot on any embedded template, that was left as an open question to prove in [Ghrist et al., 1997] without using the Bennequin's inequality [Ghrist et al., 1997]. This result in the branched two-manifold case, which we prove by a sequence of lemmas showing our simple template (or ones with twists) containing nontrivial knots is (are) contained in every template as a subtemplate, enables us to generalize it later in this paper to certain forms of three-templates in four-dimensional dynamical systems by simply using the technique of "spinning" the knots in the lower dimensional templates to obtain the spun knotted surfaces.
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TURYN, LARRY. "CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS: ASYMMETRIC SPACE-DEPENDENT TEMPLATES, MOSAIC PATTERNS, AND SPATIAL CHAOS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 08 (August 2004): 2655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404011041.

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We consider a Cellular Neural Network (CNN), with a bias term, on the integer lattice ℤ2in the plane ℝ2. Space-dependent, asymmetric couplings (templates) appropriate for CNN in the hexagonal lattice on ℝ2are studied. We characterize the mosaic patterns and study their spatial entropy. It appears that for this problem, asymmetry of the template has a more robust effect on the spatial entropy than does the sign of a parameter in the templates.
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Budiharto, Widodo, Djoko Purwanto, and Mauridhi Hery Purnomo. "EDGE DETECTION USING CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORK AND TEMPLATE OPTIMIZATION." CCIT Journal 4, no. 1 (September 6, 2010): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/ccit.v4i1.358.

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Result of edge detection using CNN could be not optimal, because the optimal result is based on template applied to the images. During the first years after the introduction of the CNN, many templates were designed by cut and try techniques. Today, several methods are available for generating CNN templates or algorithms. In this paper, we presented a method to make the optimal result of edge detection by using TEMPO (Template Optimization). Result shown that template optimization improves the image quality of the edges and noise are reduced. Simulation for edge detection uses CANDY Simulator, then we implementing the program and optimized template using MATLAB. Comparing to Canny and Sobel operators, image shapes result from CNN edge detector also show more realistic and effective to user.
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Everett, Ashlyn S., Ginna Blalock, and Drexell Hunter Boggs. "Improving patient safety: Utilization of standardized radiation oncology simulation templates." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.30_suppl.259.

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259 Background: Increasing patient volume and treatment complexity in the field of radiation oncology has resulted in increased number of errors possibly affecting patient safety. Effective methods of mitigating these errors include automation, computerization, simplification, and standardization. To improve quality of care and patient safety, our institution established consensus standardized treatment guidelines for each cancer site. However, physician orders for computed tomography (CT) simulation for radiation treatment planning continued to have extreme variability, with error rates of 31%. Therefore, a team was assembled to devise standardized orders to reduce error, improve patient safety, and improve quality of care in the CT simulation order process. Methods: For this study, we investigated 3 commonly treated sites at our institution: breast (14%), prostate (7%), and brain metastases treated with radiosurgery (14%). A standardized template CT simulation order was defined for each disease site using the consensus treatment guidelines. These orders were integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR) on March 5, 2018. To evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, CT simulation order data were queried for the two-month period before and after implementation of standardized template orders. Orders with variation from the treatment guidelines were counted to calculate error rates with and without standardized simulation orders. Results: In the two-months prior to implementation of the standardized order templates, 48 of 151 (31%) CT simulation orders for the three selected sites had variation from the consensus standardized orders. After implementation of the EMR standardized template, 17 of 129 simulation orders (13%) in the three selected sites had variations from the standard during this two-month period. Standardization of CT simulation orders using an EMR template reduced error rates from 31% to 13% (18% absolute reduction; 42% relative reduction). Conclusions: Simplification and standardization of CT simulation orders decreased error rates by 42%, thereby improving clinic efficiency and appropriate patient treatment.
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Sugawara, Taku, Naoki Higashiyama, Shuichi Kaneyama, Masato Takabatake, Naoko Watanabe, Fujio Uchida, Masatoshi Sumi, and Kazuo Mizoi. "Multistep pedicle screw insertion procedure with patient-specific lamina fit-and-lock templates for the thoracic spine." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 19, no. 2 (August 2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.4.spine121059.

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Object Pedicle screw fixation is a standard procedure of spinal instrumentation, but accurate screw placement is essential to avoid injury to the adjacent structures, such as the vessels, nerves, and viscera. The authors recently developed an intraoperative screw guiding method in which patient-specific laminar templates were used, and verified the accuracy of the multistep procedure in the thoracic spine. Methods Preoperative bone images of the CT scans were analyzed using 3D/multiplanar imaging software and the trajectories of the screws were planned. Plastic templates with screw guiding structures were created for each lamina by using 3D design and printing technology. Three types of templates were made for precise multistep guidance, and all templates were specially designed to fit and lock on the lamina during the procedure. Plastic vertebra models were also generated and preoperative screw insertion simulation was performed. Surgery was performed using this patient-specific screw guide template system, and the placement of screws was postoperatively evaluated using CT scanning. Results Ten patients with thoracic or cervicothoracic pathological entities were selected to verify this novel procedure. Fifty-eight pedicle screws were placed using the screw guide template system. Preoperatively, each template was found to fit exactly and to lock on the lamina of the vertebra models, and screw insertion simulation was successfully performed. Intraoperatively the templates also fit and locked on the patient lamina, and screw insertion was completed successfully. Postoperative CT scans confirmed that no screws violated the cortex of the pedicles, and the mean deviation of the screws from the planned trajectories was 0.87 ± 0.34 mm at the coronal midpoint section of the pedicles. Conclusions The multistep, patient-specific screw guide template system is useful for intraoperative pedicle screw navigation in the thoracic spine. This simple and economical method can improve the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion and reduce the operating time and radiation exposure of spinal fixation surgery.
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Wang, Da Wei, and Si Kun Li. "Application Specific Architecture Template Reuse for SoC Transaction Level Modeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.911.

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In the field of SoC hardware/software co-design, transaction level modeling is the bridge of SoC system level modeling and RTL level modeling. This paper considers a novel application specific template reuse approach for SoC transaction level modeling. Application specific architecture templates are built by integrating computation, communication and scheduling IP modules. These templates can support SoC modeling, mapping and simulation simultaneously. Experiments results from JPEG encoder applications in TL_Platform Creator show the approach can improve the quality and efficiency of SoC design greatly.
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Albores, Pavel, Peter Ball, and Jillian MacBryde. "Simulation process templates for e-business modelling." International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling 1, no. 3/4 (2005): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijspm.2005.007645.

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17

Lei, Kaizhuo, Xiaolong Liu, Ning Li, and Xuchao Fan. "An Optimized Symmetric WENO Method-Based Numerical Simulation of Intense Sound Field Generated by Underwater Plasma Sound Source." Journal of Sensors 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4873950.

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The intensive pulse sound wave can be generated by the underwater plasma sound source (UPSS) based on the discharge of the underwater high voltage. The distribution of the sound field is prominently nonlinear. In this paper, the sound field of the intensive UPSS is described by the integral two-dimensional axisymmetric unsteady Euler equations firstly. In order to solve the Euler equations numerically, an optimized fifth-order symmetric WENO (weighted essentially nonoscillatory) method based on the three templates is proposed which is called WENO-SYM3. Without increasing the number of candidate templates, a new symmetric template structure can be obtained by expanding the second template and shifting the third one backwards for one space. The method is validated through numerical examples and experiments, and the results show that WENO-SYM3 has a high distinguished accuracy; meanwhile, its nonphysical oscillations are not obvious. The experimental results are basically the same as the calculation results, and the maximum error is around 3%.
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MARTÍN, J. C., and J. USED. "SIMPLIFIED TREATMENT OF TEMPLATES BOUNDED BY A GENUS-1 TORUS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 11 (November 2009): 3803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409025122.

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We present a simplified treatment of templates used to summarize the topological properties of chaotic attractors bounded by a genus-1 torus. The reduction is based on determinism and flow continuity, which impose tight relations between torsions of each branch, rotations between pairs of branches and the order in which they join at the branch line. This way, the number of integer parameters necessary to characterize a template can be reduced. Apart from the purely theoretical interest, the new treatment simplifies the procedure for template determination starting from a time series, with a consequential save in computation time.
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Li, Ying Guang, Cheng Zhi Song, Wen Juan Song, and Lei Wang. "Aircraft Assembly Simulation Path Planning Based on Engineering Semantics." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.503.

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A technique of assembly simulation path planning based on engineering semantics is proposed. This method classifies the assembly paths and then describes them as templates based on engineering semantics. A fast assembly simulation path planning is realized by reusing the templates of the assembly path, which improves the efficiency of aircraft assembly simulation path planning.
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Keogh, Rebecca, and Joel Pearson. "Attention driven phantom vision: measuring the sensory strength of attentional templates and their relation to visual mental imagery and aphantasia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1817 (December 14, 2020): 20190688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0688.

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When we search for an object in an array or anticipate attending to a future object, we create an ‘attentional template' of the object. The definitions of attentional templates and visual imagery share many similarities as well as many of the same neural characteristics. However, the phenomenology of these attentional templates and their neural similarities to visual imagery and perception are rarely, if ever discussed. Here, we investigate the relationship between these two forms of non-retinal phantom vision through the use of the binocular rivalry technique, which allows us to measure the sensory strength of attentional templates in the absence of concurrent perceptual stimuli. We find that attentional templates correlate with both feature-based attention and visual imagery. Attentional templates, like imagery, were significantly disrupted by the presence of irrelevant visual stimuli, while feature-based attention was not. We also found that a special population who lack the ability to visualize (aphantasia), showed evidence of feature-based attention when measured using the binocular rivalry paradigm, but not attentional templates. Taken together, these data suggest functional similarities between attentional templates and visual imagery, advancing the theory of visual imagery as a general simulation tool used across cognition. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
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CAI, HUAN, and LEQUAN MIN. "A KIND OF TWO-INPUT CNN WITH APPLICATION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 12 (December 2005): 4007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740501443x.

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This paper presents a kind of two-input Cellular Neural Network (CNN). This kind of CNN has three templates: A-template, B-template and C-template. The B-template and C-template are in charge of coupling two input images to be processed by the CNN equation. It is expected the new CNN may be used to process simultaneously two images. As an application of the CNN, a background replacement (BR) CNN is introduced. The BR CNN can replace the light colored background of a RBG image by another color image. Two computer simulation examples show that the BR CNN image processing can display animated drawing effects, and animated cartoons.
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Ruwanpura, Janaka Y., Simaan M. AbouRizk, K. C. Er, and Siri Fernando. "Special purpose simulation templates for tunnel construction operations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-101.

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Simulation is a powerful tool for decision making. It provides an appealing approach to analyze and improve repetitive processes such as tunnelling. Notwithstanding this appeal, application of simulation to real-life construction projects has been minimal. This paper describes the design, development, and application of a special purpose simulation tool for actual tunnel construction operations performed by the City of Edmonton Public Works Department. The implementation of this tool in industry was successful and serves as a model for others to follow. The decision-making process adopted by the model developers and the construction industry personnel during the design, development, and implementation of the simulation are described. The cost-planning tool in the tunnel template is very useful in making decisions and evaluating the feasibility of tunnel construction projects. The real-life application of various alternatives compared to the conceptual estimates prepared for a proposed tunnel project to be constructed in Edmonton is presented in three stages. The basic costs, operational costs, support costs, productivity, duration, and resources utilization data are presented for different alternatives for the proposed tunnel project. Future modifications required by the engineering staff of the City of Edmonton, and the proposed research for modelling uncertainties in tunnel construction are identified. The successful application of the simulation for actual construction project highlights the interactive collaborative research work between academia and industry.Key words: simulation, tunnelling, construction, modelling, planning.
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Vojinovic, Oliver, Ivan Milentijevic, Dejan Genov, and Aleksandar Radulovic. "Presentation and simulation of computer architectures." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 17, no. 3 (2004): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0403325v.

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Understanding modern computer architectures requires a good knowledge of the dynamic behavior of processors. A new alternative platform for creating and delivering presentations that successfully combines positive issues of both general and special-purpose presentation tools for computer architectures is proposed in this paper. Proposed platform introduces the concept of dynamic usage of data providers during the presentation and creating slide templates instead of slide creation. Originally developed presentation/simulation tool SimArch that implements almost all key features from the new platform is described. SimArch is designed for teaching/research purposes and devoted to description and visualization of computer architectures. Crucial novelties in SimArch related to involving of slide templates, behavior cases and selection of examples are demonstrated on examples based on MIPS architecture subsets.
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HÄNGGI, MARTIN, SIMON MOSER, ERIC PFAFFHAUSER, and GEORGE S. MOSCHYTZ. "SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION OF CNN DYNAMICS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 09, no. 07 (July 1999): 1237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127499000882.

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A new simulator for Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) is presented. In contrast to other simulators, the CNN cells are visualized in a grid structure, the values of input and states being represented by colors. Input and initial images can easily be generated and changed even while the integration of the system is in progress, and an oscilloscope function allows the quantitative study of CNN transients, thus providing insight into the dynamics of the network. For those who are new to the world of CNNs, a series of predefined templates set and demonstrations are available, which makes the simulator a valuable educational tool. Advanced users and CNN expert can examine manually-entered and parametrized templates and carry out experiments in a very broad spectrum of CNN theory and applications, including quantitative behavior, robustness aspects, settling time, state limitations, different output functions and numerical integration methods. The simulator is written in Java and publicly available on WWW and will run on any Web browser of the newer generations.
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Fan, Hui, and Yin Hui Huang. "Research and Simulation of LTE Technology in Manufacturing Metal Part." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.52.

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Laminated templates electro-deposition (LTE) is a new manufacturing technique aimed at a highly precise and low-cost fabrication of metallic structures through a number of planar template-patterned depositing. The ability to control deposit surface non-uniformity in each planar depositing has been proved a key to this technique. Correspondingly a 3D simulation for electrical field has been modeled using finite-element method in line with the real experimental conditions. The mapped contour of simulating proved the variedly distributed electrical field and basically match with experimental results. Three groups of LTE test by direct current, pulse and double-pulse current are introduced and assessed in term of their effect to improve uniformity. By comparison, pulse application, especially double-pulse offered a better deposit quality with optimized parameters including pulse width, frequency, working time and off time. A bulk of 10-15layers copper parts, section size 20mm×20mm and 4-6mm thick were produced using the modified parameters.
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SHIH, CHIH-WEN, and CHIH-WEN WENG. "ON THE TEMPLATES CORRESPONDING TO CYCLE-SYMMETRIC CONNECTIVITY IN CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 12, no. 12 (December 2002): 2957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127402006278.

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In the architecture of cellular neural networks (CNN), connections among cells are built on linear coupling laws. These laws are characterized by the so-called templates which express the local interaction weights among cells. Recently, the complete stability for CNN has been extended from symmetric connections to cycle-symmetric connections. In this presentation, we investigate a class of two-dimensional space-invariant templates. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the class of templates to have cycle-symmetric connections. Complete stability for CNN with several interesting templates is thus concluded.
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Lv, Shengping, Rongheng Xian, Denghui Li, Binbin Zheng, and Hong Jin. "An FCM–GABPN Ensemble Approach for Material Feeding Prediction of Printed Circuit Board Template." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204455.

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Accurate prediction of material feeding before production for a printed circuit board (PCB) template can reduce the comprehensive cost caused by surplus and supplemental feeding. In this study, a novel hybrid approach combining fuzzy c-means (FCM), feature selection algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA) with back-propagation networks (BPN) was developed for the prediction of material feeding of a PCB template. In the proposed FCM–GABPN, input templates were firstly clustered by FCM, and seven feature selection mechanisms were utilized to select critical attributes related to scrap rate for each category of templates before they are fed into the GABPN. Then, templates belonging to different categories were trained with different GABPNs, in which the separately selected attributes were taken as their inputs and the initial parameter for BPNs were optimized by GA. After training, an ensemble predictor formed with all GABPNs can be taken to predict the scrap rate. Finally, another BPN was adopted to conduct nonlinear aggregation of the outputs from the component BPNs and determine the predicted feeding panel of the PCB template with a transformation. To validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach, the experiment and comparison with other approaches were conducted based on the actual records collected from a PCB template production company. The results indicated that the prediction accuracy of the proposed approach was better than those of the other methods. Besides, the proposed FCM–GABPN exhibited superiority to reduce the surplus and/or supplemental feeding in most of the case in simulation, as compared to other methods. Both contributed to the superiority of the proposed approach.
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Hongbo, Sun, and Mi Zhang. "A reflective memory based framework for crowd network simulations." International Journal of Crowd Science 2, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-01-2018-0004.

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Purpose As main mode of modern service industry and future economy society, the research on crowd network can greatly facilitate governances of economy society and make it more efficient, humane, sustainable and at the same time avoid disorders. However, because most results cannot be observed in real world, the research of crowd network cannot follow a traditional way. Simulation is the main means to put forward related research studies. Compared with other large-scale interactive simulations, simulation for crowd network has challenges of dynamic, diversification and massive participants. Fortunately, known as the most famous and widely accepted standard, high level architecture (HLA) has been widely used in large-scale simulations. But when it comes to crowd network, HLA has shortcomings like fixed federation, limited scale and agreement outside the software system. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework for crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem. Findings With reference to HLA, this paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework toward crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, system-level simulation (system federation) and application-level simulation (application federations), which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem. Originality/value Simulation syntax and semantic are all settled under this framework by templates, especially interface templates, as simulations are separated by two-level federations, physical and logical simulation environment are considered separately; the definition of simulation execution is flexible. When developing new simulations, recompile is not necessary, which can acquire much more reusability, because reflective memory is adopted as share memory within given simulation execution in this framework; population can be perceived by all federates, which greatly enhances the scalability of this kind of simulations; communication efficiency and capability has greatly improved by this share memory-based framework.
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Li, Sui Qin, Yan Zhi Liu, Ling Ling Lv, and Yuan Cheng Zhu. "Comparative Studies for the PAMAM/RE and HPAE/RE (RE=La, Nd, and Eu) Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.28.

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Dendrimer used as template which can better control the size, shape and dispersion of the rare metal nanoparticles. In this paper, we comparatively studied the nanocomposites of the polyamidoamine dendrimer PAMAM/RE and hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) HPAE/RE (RE=La, Nd, and Eu) based on the molecular dynamics simulation method. It was theoretically discussed the feasibilities of the PAMAM and HPAE as templates, the results show that the system energies decreases and tends to be stable after the compositions of the template molecules PAMAM and HPAE with the rare metal atoms (La, Nd, and Eu). Among them, changes of bond stretching, bond angle bending energy and van der Waals play a key role to the potential changes. The radiuses of gyrations of the composite systems are all smaller than the corresponding template molecules. The molecular dynamic information obtained by using of molecular simulation can not only make a reasonable explanation for the macroscopic experimental phenomena, but also greatly promote the development and application of the dendrimers.
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Wang, Jun, and Zhi Wei Sun. "Application and Design of the New Steel Fiber RPC Column-Template without Demolition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.288.

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Innovation of material and function represents the direction of contemporary architecture template development. Based on the study results of domestic and foreign building templates, a new type of template structure—Steel fiber RPC (reactive powder concrete) column-template without demolition is presented taking account of the characteristics of template materials and construction methods. Compared with the traditional template, the new one takes composite material and function innovation as a breakthrough. It improves efficiency of construction while the column-template forms the outer surface of the decorative grass-roots which expands the scale of the function of column template. This paper introduces the material selection and illustrates the calculation of the new template. Based on the existing design specification of template, new design recommendation of template thickness is proposed through theoretical analysis and simulation, which provides a theoretical basis of steel fiber RPC column template without demolition in engineering applications.
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Goddard, Nigel H., Michael Hucka, Fred Howell, Hugo Cornelis, Kavita Shankar, and David Beeman. "Towards NeuroML: Model Description Methods for Collaborative Modelling in Neuroscience." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1412 (August 29, 2001): 1209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0910.

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Biological nervous systems and the mechanisms underlying their operation exhibit astonishing complexity. Computational models of these systems have been correspondingly complex. As these models become ever more sophisticated, they become increasingly difficult to define, comprehend, manage and communicate. Consequently, for scientific understanding of biological nervous systems to progress, it is crucial for modellers to have software tools that support discussion, development and exchange of computational models. We describe methodologies that focus on these tasks, improving the ability of neuroscientists to engage in the modelling process. We report our findings on the requirements for these tools and discuss the use of declarative forms of model description—equivalent to object–oriented classes and database schema—which we call templates. We introduce NeuroML, a mark–up language for the neurosciences which is defined syntactically using templates, and its specific component intended as a common format for communication between modelling–related tools. Finally, we propose a template hierarchy for this modelling component of NeuroML, sufficient for describing models ranging in structural levels from neuron cell membranes to neural networks. These templates support both a framework for user–level interaction with models, and a high–performance framework for efficient simulation of the models.
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Biggemann, Jonas, Martin Stumpf, and Tobias Fey. "Porous Alumina Ceramics with Multimodal Pore Size Distributions." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123294.

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Pore networks with multimodal pore size distributions combining advantages from isotropic and anisotropic shaped pores of different sizes are highly attractive to optimize the physical properties of porous ceramics. Multimodal porous Al2O3 ceramics were manufactured using pyrolyzed cellulose fibers (l = 150 µm, d = 8 µm) and two types of isotropic phenolic resin spheres (d = 30 and 300 µm) as sacrificial templates. The sacrificial templates were homogeneously distributed in the Al2O3 matrix, compacted by uniaxial pressing and extracted by a burnout and sintering process up to 1700 °C in air. The amount of sacrificial templates was varied up to a volume content of 67 Vol% to form pore networks with porosities of 0–60 Vol%. The mechanical and thermal properties were measured by 4-point-bending and laser flash analysis (LFA) resulting in bending strengths of 173 MPa to 14 MPa and heat conductivities of 22.5 Wm−1K−1 to 4.6 Wm−1K−1. Based on µCT-measurements, the representative volume-of-interest (VOI) of the samples digital twin was determined for further analysis. The interconnectivity, tortuosity, permeability, the local and global stress distribution as well as strut and cell size distribution were evaluated on the digital twin’s VOI. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the samples pore network can be tailored by changing the fiber to sphere ratio and the overall sacrificial template volume. The presence pore formers significantly influenced the mechanical and thermal properties, resulting in higher strengths for samples containing fibrous templates and lower heat conductivities for samples containing spherical templates.
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LIU, JINZHU, and LEQUAN MIN. "ROBUST DESIGNS FOR GRAY-SCALE GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY DETECTION CNN TEMPLATES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 08 (August 2007): 2827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407018816.

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The cellular neural/nonlinear network (CNN) is a powerful tool for image and video signal processing, as well as robotic and biological visions. Practically, an engineer always hopes to design a CNN that has both universality and robustness. Based on research on the designs for the global connectivity detection (GCD) CNN [Chua, 1997] used in binary pattern, this paper establishes a theorem on robust designs for gray-scale global connectivity detection (GGCD) CNN templates. The theorem provides template parameter inequalities for determining parameter intervals for implementing the GCD functions. As a first example, two gray-scale labyrinth patterns with Gaussian noise are constructed. Using the GGCD, CNN designed by the theorem detects the connectivity of the two labyrinth patterns with gray-scales. In the other three examples, using GGCD CNNs simulate the spreads of an infectious diseases at nonuniform speeds.
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Xie, Qing, Jianping Xu, Yuanda Yuan, and Cong Niu. "Quantitative Analysis for the Reconstruction of Porous Media Using Multiple-Point Statistics." Geofluids 2020 (October 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8844968.

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The pore structure reconstruction of the porous media is of great importance to the research of mechanisms of fluid flow in porous media. To capture the large-scale patterns in the pore space, the multiple-point statistical technique is generally adopted for porous media reconstruction. Commonly, two different schemes, i.e., the single-grid scheme and the multiple-grid scheme, can be applied for simulation realization. The selection between this two schemes and a proper data template size have thus become a new research issue, and the performance of the characteristic reproduction of the training image using this two schemes must be quantified. In this paper, a series of multiple-point statistics simulation basing on a 2D micro-CT sandstone image are proceeded using both single- and multiple-grid schemes, and different data templates are adapted for porous media reconstruction. Further, to quantify the impact of the computational schemes and setting of the data template to the simulation realizations, a number of measurements considering the pore diameter, porosity, connectivity, and permeability are implemented to fully analyze the results obtained. Results show that by using the single-point statistical method, a large template is necessary to reproduce large-scale structures. The multiple-grid template method may bring great benefits to simulation efficiency over the simple data template method, as well as the recovery of the pore long-range geometric features and seepage characteristics. With the extension of the template for the multiple-grid scheme, the simulation results show lack of variations to some extent.
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Rahimov, Chingiz R., Ismayil M. Farzaliyev, HamidReza Fathi, Mahammad M. Davudov, Anar Aliyev, and Emin Hasanov. "The Application of Virtual Planning and Navigation Devices for Mandible Reconstruction and Immediate Dental Implantation." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1566159.

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Routine reconstruction of subtotal defects of the mandible and orthopedic rehabilitation supported by dental implants is achieved by means of detailed planning and lasts over a year. This article shows the outcomes of single-stage surgical treatment and immediate orthopedic rehabilitation performed with the help of preoperative virtual computer simulation. 3D investigation of pathological and donor sites, virtual simulation of tumor resection, positioning of the dental implants into fibula, virtual flap bending and transfer, virtual bending of fixing reconstruction plates, and fabrication of navigation templates and bridge prosthesis supported by dental implants were done preoperatively. The surgery included tumor resection, insertion of dental implants into fibula, elevation of fibula osteocutaneous free flap, rigid fixation within recipient site, and immediate loading by bridge orthopedic device. On 10-month follow-up, functional and esthetic results were asses as reasonable. Radiography showed dental implants to be integrated and positioned appropriately. We found that successful rehabilitation of the patients with extensive defects of the jaws could be achieved by ablative tumor resection, dental implants insertion prior to flap elevation guided by navigation templates, further osteotomy, modeling of the flap based on navigation template, flap transfer, and rigid fixation within recipient site by prebended plates, with application of prefabricated prosthesis.
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Wu, Hongjie, Qiang Lü, Lijun Quan, Peide Qian, and Xiaoyan Xia. "patGPCR: A Multitemplate Approach for Improving 3D Structure Prediction of Transmembrane Helices of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/486125.

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The structures of the seven transmembrane helices of G-protein-coupled receptors are critically involved in many aspects of these receptors, such as receptor stability, ligand docking, and molecular function. Most of the previous multitemplate approaches have built a “super” template with very little merging of aligned fragments from different templates. Here, we present a parallelized multitemplate approach, patGPCR, to predict the 3D structures of transmembrane helices of G-protein-coupled receptors. patGPCR, which employs a bundle-packing related energy function that extends on the RosettaMem energy, parallelizes eight pipelines for transmembrane helix refinement and exchanges the optimized helix structures from multiple templates. We have investigated the performance of patGPCR on a test set containing eight determined G-protein-coupled receptors. The results indicate that patGPCR improves the TM RMSD of the predicted models by 33.64% on average against a single-template method. Compared with other homology approaches, the best models for five of the eight targets built by patGPCR had a lower TM RMSD than that obtained from SWISS-MODEL; patGPCR also showed lower average TM RMSD than single-template and multiple-template MODELLER.
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ITOH, MAKOTO, and LEON O. CHUA. "IMAGE PROCESSING AND SELF-ORGANIZING CNN." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 09 (September 2005): 2939–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405013794.

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CNN templates for image processing and pattern formation are derived from neural field equations, advection equations and reaction–diffusion equations by discretizing spatial integrals and derivatives. Many useful CNN templates are derived by this approach. Furthermore, self-organization is investigated from the viewpoint of divergence of vector fields.
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Shih, Chih-Wen. "Pattern Formation and Spatial Chaos for Cellular Neural Networks with Asymmetric Templates." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 10 (October 1998): 1907–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498001601.

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The cellular neural networks with two kinds of two-parametered asymmetric templates are considered. The parameter space is partitioned into finitely many disjoint regions. In each region, the basic mosaic patterns are characterized. The feasible mosaic patterns correponding to the parameters in each region can then be determined. To exhibit the spatial complexity of the system, we estimate the entropy of mosaic patterns for parameters in the regime of spatial chaos. In light of this characterization, the effect from the symmetry of the template on pattern formation properties can be seen in detail. We also discuss the existence of some fundamental class of feasible local defect patterns. It is shown that the feasible local k-defect patterns of vertical type cannot exist if the connection weights are anti-symmetric in the vertical direction. Same conclusion also holds for the ones of horizontal type and horizontal direction.
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BAN, JUNG-CHAO, and CHIH-HUNG CHANG. "ON THE MONOTONICITY OF ENTROPY FOR MULTILAYER CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 11 (November 2009): 3657–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409025043.

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This work investigates the monotonicity of topological entropy for one-dimensional multilayer cellular neural networks. The interacting radius and number of layers are treated as parameters. Fix either one of them; the set of topological entropies grows as a strictly nested sequence with respect to one another. Apart from the comparison of the set of topological entropies, maximal and minimal templates are indicators of a dynamical system. Our results demonstrate that maximal and minimal templates of larger interacting radius (respectively number of layers) dominate those of smaller one. To be precise, the strict monotonicity of topological entropy is demonstrated through the comparison of the maximal and minimal templates as the parameters are varied.
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Cheng, Hsu-Tang, Chao-I. Wu, Ching-Shiow Tseng, Hung-Chi Chen, Wu-Song Lee, Philip Kuo-Ting Chen, and Sophia Chia-Ning Chang. "The Occlusion-Adjusted Prefabricated 3D Mirror Image Templates by Computer Simulation." Annals of Plastic Surgery 63, no. 5 (November 2009): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e31819349b9.

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CHANG, P. J., and BHARATHWAJ MUTHUSWAMY. "OPTIMAL CNN TEMPLATES FOR LINEARLY-SEPARABLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 03 (March 2007): 749–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407017884.

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In this tutorial, we present optimal Cellular Nonlinear Network (CNN) templates for implementing linearly-separable one-dimensional (1-D) Cellular Automata (CA). From the gallery of CNN templates presented in this paper, one can calculate any of the 256 1-D CA Rules studied by Wolfram using a CNN Universal Machine chip that is several orders of magnitude faster than conventional programming on a digital computer.
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Ding, Huan Wen, Guang Wen Yu, Qiang Tu, Jian Jian Shen, and Ying Jun Wang. "Three-Dimensional Digital Design for Osteotomy in the Treatment of Congenital Hemivertebra." Advanced Materials Research 804 (September 2013): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.167.

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To establish a new three-dimensional (3D) digital design method for osteotomy and assess its application value in the surgical treatment of hemivertebrae. Preoperative 3D digital designs for osteotomy of the hemivertebrae were performed, which included computer simulation of the osteotomy and the internal fixation process, and computer-assisted design (CAD) of the templates for osteotomy of the hemivertebrae, pedicle screw positioning, and internal fixation rods. Template-guided osteotomy of the hemivertebrae plus pedicle screw and rod internal fixation were accurately implemented. The preoperative use of this new computer-aided 3D digitized and paperless surgical design can improve the safety, accuracy, and operative time for osteotomy in the treatment of hemivertebrae.
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Ding, Huan Wen, Guang Wen Yu, Qiang Tu, Jian Jian Shen, and Ying Jun Wang. "Three-Dimensional Digital Design for Osteotomy in the Treatment of Congenital Hemivertebra." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 1760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.1760.

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To establish a new three-dimensional (3D) digital design method for osteotomy and assess its application value in the surgical treatment of hemivertebrae. Preoperative 3D digital designs for osteotomy of the hemivertebrae were performed, which included computer simulation of the osteotomy and the internal fixation process, and computer-assisted design (CAD) of the templates for osteotomy of the hemivertebrae, pedicle screw positioning, and internal fixation rods. Template-guided osteotomy of the hemivertebrae plus pedicle screw and rod internal fixation were accurately implemented. The preoperative use of this new computer-aided 3D digitized and paperless surgical design can improve the safety, accuracy, and operative time for osteotomy in the treatment of hemivertebrae.
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Luo, Yuling, Shunsheng Zhang, Junxiu Liu, and Lvchen Cao. "Cryptanalysis of a Chaotic Block Cryptographic System Against Template Attacks." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 15 (December 9, 2020): 2050223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420502235.

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The security of chaotic cryptographic system can be theoretically evaluated by using conventional statistical tests and numerical simulations, such as the character frequency test, entropy test, avalanche test and SP 800-22 tests. However, when the cryptographic algorithm operates on a cryptosystem, the leakage information such as power dissipation, electromagnetic emission and time-consuming can be used by attackers to analyze the secret keys, namely the Side Channel Analysis (SCA) attack. In this paper, a cryptanalysis method is proposed for evaluating the security of a chaotic block cryptographic system from a hardware perspective by utilizing the Template Attacks (TAs). Firstly, a chaotic block cryptographic system is described briefly and implemented based on an Atmel XMEGA microcontroller. Then the TA using a multivariate Gaussian model is introduced. In order to reduce computational complexity and improve the efficiency of TA, the Hamming weight is used in this work to model power consumption traces. The proposed TA method has the following advantages including (a) using the sum of difference to select points of interest of traces, (b) using a data processing method to minimize the influences on power information modeling from the redundant sampling points, and (c) all the traces are aligned precisely before establishing the templates. Experimental results show that the TA can be used to attack the chaotic cryptographic systems and is more efficient, i.e. [Formula: see text]32% less attack traces than correlation power analysis, when the templates are properly built.
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CHEN, HONGXIN, SHYAM PRASAD ADHIKARI, HYONOK YOON, and HYONGSUK KIM. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING WITH NONLINEAR TEMPLATES OF CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 07 (July 2010): 2109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410026952.

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A complex processing of the dynamic programming is implemented with the parallel architecture of Cellular Neural Networks. Dynamic programming is an efficient algorithm to find optimal path and Cellular Neural Network is a parallel computation architecture composed of identical computation cell array and identical connections at each cell. Breaking down complex processing of the dynamic programming into a sequence of simple steps, the dynamic programming algorithm can be built with the nonlinear templates of Cellular Neural Networks. The procedure to breakdown the complex computation into the sequence of CNN building blocks is illustrated. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, the designed CNN-based dynamic programming is applied for detecting the traces of road boundaries. Edge information of road image is extracted and assigned as local distance value accordingly, then dynamic programming algorithm is implemented by a nonlinear CNN template. The proposed algorithm and its possible circuit structure are described, and simulation results are reported.
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Härdtlein, J., C. Pflaum, A. Linke, and C. H. Wolters. "Advanced expression templates programming." Computing and Visualization in Science 13, no. 2 (November 16, 2009): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00791-009-0128-2.

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Debacker, M., M. Boosman, W. J. Van Norel, and J. L. Tryan. "(A107) Victimbase: Disaster Victim Descriptions for Simulation, Training and Research." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001099.

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IntroductionA 2006 survey showed that 27% of training institutions used computer-based training in disaster medicine and an additional 23% indicated that they will use it in the near feature(1). Victim descriptions are an important element of simulation exercises. Currently, the victim data utilized in computerized simulation exercises cannot be used in an interchangeable way.MethodsThe European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM) Academy, recognizing the need for access to reliable disaster victim data, initiated the Victim Base project in order to improve the availability and quality of disaster victim profiles for use in simulation, training and research. A standardized victim template was developed through a review of primary and secondary survey requirements with consultation from an international consortium of training experts in disaster medical management during two workshops.ResultsThe victim template is composed of a description of the victim profile, a set of clinical conditions and triggers (time and interventions) to move from one clinical state to another. The parameters of a casualty condition are organized in sub-templates and arranged in the way the victim would most likely be assessed. Victim profiles can be delivered in different output formats on request of the users.ConclusionIn order to evaluate the effectiveness or outcome of disaster response exercises or test operational plans, victim data must be robust, reliable and of high quality. Moreover, the data must be interchangeable in order to make comparisons between different response systems, regions or countries. VictimBase as an online library of disaster victims will contribute to achieve these objectives. 1. Delooz H, Debacker M, Moens G, Johannik K. and the ISEE Partnership. European survey on training objectives in disaster medicine. Eur J Emerg Med 2007;14:25-31.
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Wu, Fandi, and Jinbo Xu. "Deep template-based protein structure prediction." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e1008954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008954.

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Motivation Protein structure prediction has been greatly improved by deep learning, but most efforts are devoted to template-free modeling. But very few deep learning methods are developed for TBM (template-based modeling), a popular technique for protein structure prediction. TBM has been studied extensively in the past, but its accuracy is not satisfactory when highly similar templates are not available. Results This paper presents a new method NDThreader (New Deep-learning Threader) to address the challenges of TBM. NDThreader first employs DRNF (deep convolutional residual neural fields), which is an integration of deep ResNet (convolutional residue neural networks) and CRF (conditional random fields), to align a query protein to templates without using any distance information. Then NDThreader uses ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers) and DRNF to further improve sequence-template alignments by making use of predicted distance potential. Finally, NDThreader builds 3D models from a sequence-template alignment by feeding it and sequence coevolution information into a deep ResNet to predict inter-atom distance distribution, which is then fed into PyRosetta for 3D model construction. Our experimental results show that NDThreader greatly outperforms existing methods such as CNFpred, HHpred, DeepThreader and CEthreader. NDThreader was blindly tested in CASP14 as a part of RaptorX server, which obtained the best average GDT score among all CASP14 servers on the 58 TBM targets.
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Liao, G. Q., G. S. Zheng, and Y. X. Su. "P256. Maxilla reconstruction assisted by preoperative surgical simulation and accurate transferring templates." Oral Oncology 47 (July 2011): S155—S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.499.

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Duffy, Dorothy M., and John H. Harding. "Simulation of Organic Monolayers as Templates for the Nucleation of Calcite Crystals." Langmuir 20, no. 18 (August 2004): 7630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la049552b.

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