Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simulations Monte Carlo cinétiques'
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Dinter, Nicolas. "Simulations Monte Carlo de cinétiques de réaction gaz/solide et application en catalyse d'hydrotraitement." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066579.
Full textBurdeau, Alexis. "Propriétés cinétiques de milieux granulaires vibrés." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066249.
Full textGaillard, Philippe. "Modélisation de la croissance de boîtes quantiques sous contrainte élastique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4303/document.
Full textThe growth and morphology of quantum dots is currently a popular subject as these structures have numerous potential uses, specifically in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Control of the size, shape and distribution of these dots is of critical importance for the uses that are being considered. This thesis presents a theoretical and numerical study of the growth of islands during molecular beam epitaxy. In order to study these dots, we used two models : a nonlinear study of an Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld like instability, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The first model is appropriate for low misfit systems, and is detailed in the case where misfit is anisotropic (this is the case when depositing GaN on AlGaN). In this case we took into account elastic effects, wetting effects and evaporation. Numerical calculations show faster growth, compared to the isotropic misfit case, and the growth of strongly anisotropic islands.The second model is based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that can describe 3D island nucleation. We use these simulations to study systems with high misfits, specifically Ge on Si. Adatom diffusion on a surface is considered and takes into account elastic effects, and surface energy anisotropy, that allows us to stabilize (105) facets. Simulation results show the growth of pyramid-shaped 3D islands, as observed in experiments, and their ripening is interrupted. The results of these simulations are then compared to the case of 2D nucleation, and we find that several of the known 2D properties also apply to 3D islands. Specifically, island density depends on a power law of D/F, the diffusion coefficient divided by the deposition flux
Brenet, Gilles. "Simulations multi-échelles de la cinétique dans les matériaux pour l'énergie : le silicium solaire et les composés d'intercalation pour les batteries lithium-ions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY028/document.
Full textEnergy production and storage is a big challenge in our society. The properties of some materials are mainly due to the defects therein. To improve the materials we use, it is necessary to be able to model them. This work focuses on the study of various defects in both materials, silicon and lithium graphite. Through the multi-scale simulation, we model the defects and their kinetics in order to predict their formation but also aging.The first part focuses on the various methods we used. These methods are divided into three categories, each providing access to a simulation scale. By starting on electronic models with textit{ab initio} simulations, we were able to simulate defects behavior with atomistic simulations using stochastic algorithm. These results then led to macroscopic models, in order to compare our simulations with the experimental results.The second part develops our analysis of point defects in silicon: carbon, oxygen, vacancies and interstitials. These defects gather and form complexes in the irradiated silicon. By analyzing the behavior of these complexes at the atomic scale, we could build a model to simulate the kinetics of multiple defects, and the reaction chain, over several decades. Thus, it is possible to determine the conditions for greater control of the formation and aging of various complexes.The last part presents the analysis of lithium graphite. This component of lithium-ion batteries is made of graphite in which lithium atoms intercalate during charging. The kinetics of the charging predicts the grouping of lithium atoms in islands, which move during charging. The lithium atoms diffusion from the edges of the electrode towards the center of the graphite is also analyzed
Xu, Yu. "Etude de la diffusion du carbone dans le zirconium et la zircone en volume des gaines de combustible usées par simulations multi-échelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS199/document.
Full textAs part of the nuclear waste management, hulls and ends of fuel claddings are cut, compacted and put in CSD-C containers (compacted standard waste containers). Currently stored at La Hague, the waste will be stored in deep geological environment. The MA-VL waste contains RN including carbon-14, which comes from the neutron activation of nitrogen-14 and oxygen-17 present in the oxide Zircaloy. The objective of this thesis, which is taken in collaboration with EDF and AREVA, is to answer the question of the carbon-14 behavior in ZrO₂ and Zr metal. This thesis is to perform numerical simulations, using the Theory of Density Functional (DFT) to model the behavior of carbon-14 in the CSD-C. The simulations are performed with multi-scale approach: 1) At atomic scale, optimization of atomic models to represent the different phases of ZrO₂; identification of the insertion sites for the carbon atom in interstitial sites and substitutions of an oxygen or zirconium atom; modeling different minimum energy path for the migration of a carbon atom from one site to another by interstitial and vacancye mechanisms. 2) At macroscopic scale, determination of diffusion coefficients in pure bulk monoclinic ZrO₂ and pure bulk Zr by the Monte Carlo method
Dabli, Djamel. "Utilisation d'un modèle microdosimétrique cinétique (MKM) pour l'interprétation d'irradiations cellulaires dans le cadre de l'hadronthérapie : Application de simulations Monte‐Carlo." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504039.
Full textCoulibaly, Ibrahim. "Contributions à l'analyse numérique des méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004933.
Full textHennad, Ali. "Cinétique des ions dans les gaz moléculaires par simulations de Monte Carlo classique et optimisée : détermination des données de base dans l'air." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30184.
Full textArnoult, Mickaël. "Contribution à l’étude des dynamiques moléculaires associées aux cinétiques de relaxation sous contrainte dans les polymères semi-critallins : Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES039.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the study of the glass transition and of the relaxation phenomenon in glasses. This study is divided into two axis: a/ an experimental study on a linear polymer (PLLA) with different crystallinity degrees and b/ a Monte Carlo computer simulation using the Bond Fluctuating Length (BFL) model. In the first part, the presence of a crystalline phase in PLLA has been shown to have a weak influence on the amorphous phase molecular mobility. However, for intermediate degrees, this crystalline phase can lead to an amorphous phase separation: one phase far and free from the crystal influence, a second phase, closer to the crystals, interacting with the latters and so presenting a lower molecular mobility. In the second part of the work, the glass transition has been simulated using two interaction potentials: a Lennard-Jones (inter-molecular) and a Bond Length (intra-molecular). However, the choice of the ration between this two potential is of a great importance in regard of the result obtained. Isothermal treatments at temperature lower than the ones of the liquid has enlightened two phenomena: at low temperatures is observed the relaxation of a frozen liquid as at temperatures just under the liquid state, an ordering appears during the annealing time
Ngayam, Happy Raoul. "Prévisions de l’évolution microstructurale sous irradiation d’alliages ferritiques par simulations numériques à l’échelle atomique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10173/document.
Full textIn this work, we have improved a diffusion model for point defects (vacancies and self-interstitials) by introducing hetero-interstitials. The model has been used to simulate by Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) the formation of solute rich clusters that are observed experimentally in irradiated ferritic model alloys of type Fe – CuMnNiSiP – C.Electronic structure calculations have been used to characterize the interactions between self-interstitials and all solute atoms, and also carbon. P interacts with vacancies and strongly with self-interstitials. Mn also interacts with self-interstitials to form mixed dumbbells. C, with occupies octahedral sites, interacts strongly with vacancies and less with self-interstitials. Binding and migration energies, as well as others atomic scale properties, obtained by ab initio calculations, have been used as parameters for the KMC code. Firstly, these parameters have been optimized over isochronal annealing experiments, in the literature, of binary alloys that have been electron-irradiated. Isochronal annealing simulations, by reproducing experimental results, have allowed us to link each mechanism to a single evolution of the resistivity during annealing. Moreover, solubility limits of all the elements have been determined by Metropolis Monte Carlo. Secondly, we have simulated the evolution at 300 °C of the microstructure under irradiation of different alloys of increasing complexity: pure Fe, binary alloys, ternaries, quaternaries, and finally complex alloys which compositions are close to those of pressure vessel steels. The results show that the model globally reproduces all the experimental tendencies, what has led us to propose mechanisms to explain the behaviours observed
Dellacherie, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la simulation numériques des équations cinétiques décrivant un plasma chaud." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479816.
Full textBryskhe, Henrik. "Optimization of Monte Carlo simulations." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121843.
Full textThis thesis considers several different techniques for optimizing Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo system used is Penelope but most of the techniques are applicable to other systems. The two mayor techniques are the usage of the graphics card to do geometry calculations, and raytracing. Using graphics card provides a very efficient way to do fast ray and triangle intersections. Raytracing provides an approximation of Monte Carlo simulation but is much faster to perform. A program was also written in order to have a platform for Monte Carlo simulations where the different techniques were implemented and tested. The program also provides an overview of the simulation setup, were the user can easily verify that everything has been setup correctly. The thesis also covers an attempt to rewrite Penelope from FORTAN to C. The new version is significantly faster and can be used on more systems. A distribution package was also added to the new Penelope version. Since Monte Carlo simulations are easily distributed, running this type of simulations on ten computers yields ten times the speedup. Combining the different techniques in the platform provides an easy to use and at the same time efficient way of performing Monte Carlo simulations.
Brangian, Claudio. "Monte Carlo simulations of Potts glasses." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2002/0115/diss.pdf.
Full textDesplat, Jean-Christophe. "Monte Carlo simulations of amphiphilic systems." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19557/.
Full textJaeckel, Alain. "Simulations Monte Carlo de chaînes confinées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20206.
Full textRönnby, Karl. "Monte Carlo Simulations for Chemical Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132811.
Full textCarpentier, Denise. "Simulation de la cinétique d’absorption des défauts ponctuels par les dislocations et amas de défauts." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX077/document.
Full textCluster Dynamics (CD) is a mean field simulation method which makes it possible to predict the materials evolution under irradiation. In this work, we focus on sink strengths, which are the parameters used in CD to represent the capacity of sinks (dislocations, cavities…) to absorb point defects (vacancies, self-interstitials). To calculate the sink strengths, object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) simulations are performed. The energy of point defects at stable and saddle points is described through their elastic dipoles. These elements are computed in an aluminum crystal using density functional theory. In a first part, the sink strengths of the main objects found in irradiated microstructures (dislocations, cavities and dislocation loops) are calculated on simple configurations. This study reveals the importance of elastic interactions, and enables us to identify the saddle point anisotropy of point defects as an important parameter, as it modifies both the point defects trajectories and the sink strength values. Then, we focus on the role of the relative position of sinks in their capacity to absorb point defects. Microstructures containing a large number of dislocation loops are generated by OKMC simulations and the absorption of point defects by those microstructures is measured. It is shown that the neighborhood of a sink modifies noticeably its capacity to absorb the point defects and this behavior is rationalized through the Voronoi volume associated with each sink. This study leads to the proposal of a new sink strength expression, and of a new formalism for CD in which clusters are described by their size and their Voronoi volume. The results show that this formalism makes it possible to strongly improve the prediction of the evolution of cluster size distributions during irradiation
Wong, Hilda Evangeline. "Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and option pricing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq64991.pdf.
Full textVliet, Johannes Henricus van. "Monte Carlo simulations of confined polymer systems." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 1991. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/293041210.
Full textHanassab, Shabnam. "Monte Carlo simulations in non-Euclidean geometries." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408221.
Full textTully, Jonathan. "Monte Carlo simulations of hard QCD radiation." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/145/.
Full textAmir-Azizi, Siamak. "Linear filtering algorithms for Monte Carlo simulations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280859.
Full textWebster, Stephen James. "Improved Monte Carlo simulations of massive quarks." Thesis, Durham University, 2019. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12954/.
Full textJoshi, Kriten J. (Kriten Jayant) 1971. "Monte-Carlo simulations of globular cluster dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53041.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 156-163).
We present the results of theoretical calculations for the dynamical evolution of dense globular star clusters. Our new study was motivated in part by the wealth of new data made available from the latest optical, radio, and X-ray observations of globular clusters by various satellites and ground-based observatories, and in part by recent advances in computer hardware. New parallel supercomputers, combined with improved computational methods, now allow us to perform dynamical simulations of globular cluster evolution using a realistic number of stars (N - 10 - 106) and taking into account the full range of relevant stellar dynamical and stellar evolutionary processes. These processes include two-body gravitational scattering, strong interactions and physical collisions involving both single and binary stars, stellar evolution of single stars, and stellar evolution and interactions in close binary stars. We have developed a new numerical code for computing the dynamical evolution of a dense star cluster. Our code is based on a Monte Carlo technique for integrating numerically the Fokker-Planck equation. We have used this new code to study a number of important problems. In particular, we have studied the evolution of globular clusters in our Galaxy, including the effects of a mass spectrum, mass loss due to the tidal field of the Galaxy, and stellar evolution. Our results show that the direct mass loss from stellar evolution can significantly accelerate the total mass loss from a globular cluster, causing most clusters with low initial central concentrations to disrupt completely. Only clusters born with high central concentrations, or with relatively few massive stars, are likely to survive until the present and remain observable. Our study of mass segregation in clusters shows that it is possible to retain significant numbers of very-low-mass (m < 0.1M.) objects, such as brown dwarfs or planets, in the outer halos of globular clusters, even though they are quickly lost from the central, denser regions. This is contrary to the common belief that globular clusters are devoid of such low-mass objects. We have also performed, for the first time, dynamical simulations of clusters containing a realistic number of stars and a significant fraction of binaries. We find that the energy generated through binarybinary and binary-single-star interactions in the cluster core can support the system against gravothermal collapse on timescales exceeding the age of the Universe, explaining naturally the properties of the majority of observed globular clusters with resolved cores.
by Kriten J. Joshi.
Ph.D.
Denholm, David Richardson. "Monte Carlo simulations of random anisotropy magnets." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/394155/.
Full textCox, Isaiah. "Monte Carlo Simulations of Ultracold Neutron Velocities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/588.
Full textWang, Dong-Mei. "Monte Carlo simulations for complex option pricing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/monte-carlo-simulations-for-complex-option-pricing(a908ec86-2fb2-4d5d-83e5-9bff78033edd).html.
Full textWand, Charlie Ray. "Monte Carlo simulations of confined nematic systems." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4897/.
Full textBrown, M. "Monte Carlo simulations of cold atom ratchets." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444166/.
Full textMazaleyrat, Guillaume. "Modélisation multi échelles de la croissance des oxydes à fortes permittivités : simulation Monte-Carlo cinétique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011574.
Full textPascale, Alina. "EVOLUTION MORPHOLOGIQUE DES NANOSTRUCTURES Si1-xGex PENDANT LA CROISSANCE PAR EJM." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504903.
Full textDubreus, Terrance Maurice. "Monte Carlo simulations for small-world stochastic processes." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/content/templates/?a=72.
Full textEichinger, David Albert. "Non-Lattice Monte Carlo Simulations of Polymer Motion." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625515.
Full textMalone, Fionn Dara. "Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of warm dense matter." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/53379.
Full textLi, Lulu Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Acceleration methods for Monte Carlo particle transport simulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112521.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 166-175).
Performing nuclear reactor core physics analysis is a crucial step in the process of both designing and understanding nuclear power reactors. Advancements in the nuclear industry demand more accurate and detailed results from reactor analysis. Monte Carlo (MC) eigenvalue neutron transport methods are uniquely qualified to provide these results, due to their accurate treatment of space, angle, and energy dependencies of neutron distributions. Monte Carlo eigenvalue simulations are, however, challenging, because they must resolve the fission source distribution and accumulate sufficient tally statistics, resulting in prohibitive run times. This thesis proposes the Low Order Operator (LOO) acceleration method to reduce the run time challenge, and provides analyses to support its use for full-scale reactor simulations. LOO is implemented in the continuous energy Monte Carlo code, OpenMC, and tested in 2D PWR benchmarks. The Low Order Operator (LOO) acceleration method is a deterministic transport method based on the Method of Characteristics. Similar to Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD), the other acceleration method evaluated in this thesis, LOO parameters are constructed from Monte Carlo tallies. The solutions to the LOO equations are then used to update Monte Carlo fission sources. This thesis deploys independent simulations to rigorously assess LOO, CMFD, and unaccelerated Monte Carlo, simulating up to a quarter of a trillion neutron histories for each simulation. Analysis and performance models are developed to address two aspects of the Monte Carlo run time challenge. First, this thesis demonstrates that acceleration methods can reduce the vast number of neutron histories required to converge the fission source distribution before tallies can be accumulated. Second, the slow convergence of tally statistics is improved with the acceleration methods for the earlier active cycles. A theoretical model is developed to explain the observed behaviors and predict convergence rates. Finally, numerical results and theoretical models shed light on the selection of optimal simulation parameters such that a desired statistical uncertainty can be achieved with minimum neutron histories. This thesis demonstrates that the conventional wisdom (e.g., maximizing the number of cycles rather than the number of neutrons per cycle) in performing unaccelerated MC simulations can be improved simply by using more optimal parameters. LOO acceleration provides reduction of a factor of at least 2.2 in neutron histories, compared to the unaccelerated Monte Carlo scheme, and the CPU time and memory overhead associated with LOO are small.
by Lulu Li.
Ph. D.
Galassi, Giulio Roberto. "Monte Carlo simulations of diatomics, polymers and alkanes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421719/.
Full textOdof, Serge. "Microanalyse x des isolants : simulations de monte-carlo." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS022.
Full textErcolano, Barbara. "Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of photonized nebulae." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398087.
Full textEden-Jones, Kym Denys. "Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of autocatalytic protein aggregation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9365.
Full textCiantar, Marine. "Étude des premières étapes de l'oligomérisation des zéolithes par simulation moléculaire de Monte Carlo cinétique (kMC)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066292.
Full textThis research work on the understanding of the early stages of zeolites synthesis fits withinthe general framework of the technological lock on the lower cost of new efficient catalysts synthesisoptimization. Many uncertainties remain with respect to the molecular mechanisms of their formation,in particular during nucleation in hydrothermal synthesis conditions. In this context, a comprehensivemethodology was proposed to assess the impact of synthesis variables in the formation of silicicspecies. This objective has required the use of different theoretical methods, combining ab initio DFTcalculations and kMC simulations. The creation of a new kMC module named Reacdiff has beendeveloped and validated with the Lodka model. The extension of reaction pathways to more complexspecies was carried out with the essential use of theoretical models like Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi(BEP) to quickly estimate. A new anionic model of the reaction steps of oligomerization has beenproposed and has allowed testing the crucial effect of organic templates. These thesis works gave anew understanding on the condensation of silicic species in early stages of zeolite synthesis
Mastail, Cédric. "Modélisation et simulation du dépôt des oxydes à forte permittivité par la technique du Monte-Carlo cinétique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/989/.
Full textMiniaturizing components requires radical changes in the development of future micro electronic devices. In this perspective, the gate dielectric of MOS devices can become so thin as to be made permeable to leakage currents. One solution is to replace SiO2 by a material with a higher permittivity which would allow the use of thicker layers with similar results. My work presents a multi-scale modelling of the growth of HfO2 on Si by atomic layer (ALD), which allows me to link the nano-structuration of an interface with the process of development. I demonstrate that knowing how basic chemical processes work, thanks to DFT calculations, allows considering a process simulation based on the development of a Kinetic Monte Carlo software named "HIKAD. " Going beyond rather obvious mechanisms, I introduce the notion of densification mechanisms of deposited oxide layers. These mechanisms are the key element to understand how the growth of the layer in terms of coverage works. But even beyond that aspect, they allow to study the system's evolution towards a massive material, starting from molecular reactions. I shall discuss all those points in the light of recent experimental characterisation results concerning the deposition of hafnium oxides
Mastail, Cedric. "Modélisation et simulation du dépôt des oxydes à forte permittivité par la technique du Monte-Carlo cinétique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541993.
Full textBurns, Kimberly A. "Monte Carlo simulations for Homeland Security using anthropomorphic phantoms." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22573.
Full textBaluti, Florentina. "Monte Carlo Simulations of Chemical Vapour Deposition Diamond Detectors." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3190.
Full textGigg, Martyn Anthony. "Monte Carlo simulations of physics beyond the standard model." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2301/.
Full textBenoit, David Michel. "Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of hydrogen-bonded clusters." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313057.
Full textMee, Thomas. "Monte Carlo applications for local treatment healthcare usage simulations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808053/.
Full textKhatchadourian, Rafael. "Monte Carlo simulations for neutron shielding in radiotherapy bunkers." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119421.
Full textLes photoneutrons générés par le linac sont un produit secondaire de la radiothérapie et peuvent être nuisibles au personnel médical. Le manque de précision des équations analytiques pour le blindage contre les photoneutrons a accéléré le développement des méthodes Monte-Carlo (MC), qui sont considérées plus flexibles et précises pour le design des salles de radiothérapie. L'objectif de cette étude est d'utiliser les simulations MC afin de caractériser le flux, la dose, et le spectre des photoneutrons pour différentes configurations de salles de radiothérapie, telles que la présence d'un corridor, d'un bloc d'atténuation, et l'addition de borate de polyéthyléne sur les murs du corridor. Trois chambres du MUHC et deux chambres hypothétiques ont été modélisées avec le code MCNP5 et le logiciel Visual Editor. Le spectre d'énergie analytique d'un linac opérant à 18 MV a été utilisée comme source ponctuelle de photoneutrons. Ce point est entouré d'une sphére de Tungsténe de 10 cm de rayon positionnée 100 cm au dessus de l'isocentre. L'estimateur du prochain événement est la technique de réduction de variance qui a été utilisée et les simulations ont été effectuées avec 20 millions de particules résultant en des incertitudes inférieures à 1%. Des mesures physiques ont aussi été tentées à l'aide de compteurs à bulles et un spectrométre de neutrons à He-3. Ce dernier n'a pas eu de succés à cause de l'effet d'accumulation du signal pulsé. Les tests avec compteurs de bulles ont permis d'avoir une idée qualitative sur la distribution de la dose équivalente dans le corridor et autour du linac. Les résultats des simulations ont montré une diminution de la dose équivalente de neutron prés de l'entrée de la chambre quand les murs du corridor sont couverts de borate de polyéthyléne et quand un bloc d'atténuation est présent dans le passage de la chambre centrale vers le corridor. Il a été confirmé que la haute probabilité d'interaction des neutrons de basses énergies avec le borate de polyéthyléne est essentiel à la réduction de la portion de photoneutrons à basses énergies à travers le corridor. Le bloc atténuateur contribue aussi à la réduction du flux de photoneutrons entrant dans le corridor et réduit ainsi la dose totale à l'entrée de la chambre. La suite des travaux vise à mettre l'emphase sur la validation des simulations à l'aide de mesures expérimentales et sur le perfectionnement du code MC pour donner plus de flexibilité à l'utilisateur dans la reproduction des salles de radiothérapie.
Aung, Pyie Phyo. "Monte Carlo Simulations of charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1418272111.
Full textSantamaría, Diego, and Álvaro de Ramón. "Data Mining Web-Tool Prototype Using Monte Carlo Simulations." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3164.
Full text