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1
Hall, A. "Estimation and inference in simultaneous equation models." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356473.
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Tringides, Constantinos A. "Alternative formulations of joint model systems of departure time choice and mode choice for non-work trips." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000240.
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Ribeiro, Filipe Simões. "Determinantes da composição do endividamento das empresas brasileiras: a consideração da maturidade e da fonte de financiamento." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3956.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Na área de Finanças Corporativas, há uma vasta literatura que trata dos determinantes do endividamento das empresas. Entretanto, os estudos que analisam essa escolha têm se focado mais nas diferenças entre a utilização de capital próprio e de terceiros, enquanto a literatura a respeito da estrutura (maturidade e fonte) desse endividamento é relativamente menos abundante. Visto isso, este estudo tem como objetivo promover uma investigação empírica acerca das características que influenciam a escolha da maturidade da dívida (dívidas de curto ou longo prazo) e da fonte de financiamento (utilização de oferta pública ou colocação privada de títulos). Para tanto, é utilizada a metodologia de Dados em Painel, a fim de se considerar simultaneamente as dimensões tempo e seccional, auxiliada pela abordagem de equações simultâneas, tendo em vista haver na literatura indicações acerca da endogeneidade de alguns regressores. As informações necessárias à condução do estudo são levantadas para empresas brasileiras que possuem suas ações listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA) e na Sociedade Operadora do Mercado de Ativos (SOMA) a partir do banco de dados da Economatica®. Os resultados mostram que empresas brasileiras mais maduras e estabelecidas no mercado tendem a utilizar seus recursos internos como forma de financiar projetos, conforme sugere a Teoria da Pecking Order. Entretanto, quando estas procuram recursos externos, preferem a utilização de fontes privadas de dívidas, como os bancos, importante fonte de recursos para as empresas brasileiras. Pode-se dizer também que existem fortes indicações do processo conhecido como “colaterização da dívida”, principalmente quando se tratam de fontes privadas e recursos de curto prazo. Outro resultado interessante é que a decisão sobre a maturidade e a fonte de financiamento é também influenciada pelas “janelas de oportunidade”, provavelmente porque o maior volume de transações aumenta a liquidez do mercado financeiro, reduzindo o custo da dívida pública em relação ao da dívida privada.
In corporate finance field, there is a vast literature about the capital structure determinants. However, studies have focused on the differences between equity and debt, while the literature about debt structure (maturity and source) is relatively scarce. As such, this study aims to promote empirical research about characteristics that influence debt maturity choice (short or long term debt) and funding source (public offering or private placement). Therefore, Panel Data Method is used in order to consider both time and cross-sectional dimensions, aided by simultaneous equations approach, as literature indicates the presence of regressors endogeneity. Sample data, regarding Brazilian companies listed on São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) and Sociedade Operadora do Mercado de Ativos (SOMA), were collected from Economatica® database. The results show that mature and well-established Brazilian firms tend to prefer internal resources when financing projects, as suggested by Pecking Order Theory. However, when they seek external resources, private debt sources, such as banks, are important for Brazilian companies. We can also say that there are strong indications of the process known as "collateralized debt", especially when it comes from private sources and short-term funds. Another interesting result is the debt structure decision is also influenced by "opportunities windows", probably because it increases financial markets liquidity, reducing the cost of public debt compared to private debt.
4
Kim, Hag-Soo. "Semiparametric estimation of nonlinear simultaneous equations models." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273662774.
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Yang, Kai. "Essays on Multivariate and Simultaneous Equations Spatial Autoregressive Models." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461277549.
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Hirotsu, Nobuyoshi. "A formulation of optimal substitution strategies using a Markov process model in baseball and soccer." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288978.
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Wang, Dandan. "Bias assessment and reduction for limited information estimation in general dynamic simultaneous equations models." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98538/.
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Most of the literature which has considered the small sample bias of limited information estimators in simultaneous equation models has done so in the context of the static rather than the dynamic simultaneous equations model (DSEM). Therefore, an analysis of the performance of estimators in the general dynamic simultaneous equations case is timely and this is what is provided in this paper. By introducing an asymptotic expansion for the estimation errors of estimators, we are able to obtain bias approximations to order T−1. Following this we constructed bias corrected estimators by using the estimated bias approximation to reduce the bias. As an alternative, the use of the non-parametric bootstrap as a bias correction procedure was also examined. In Chapter 2, we analyse the Two Stage Least Squares ( 2SLS ) Estimator in the general DSEM. Based on the result in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 compared the Fuller modification of the limited information maximum likelihood estimator (FLIML) with the 2SLS estimator. The bias approximation and reduction in the pth-order dynamic reduced form are analysed in Chapter 4. The results indicate that FLIML gives much less biased estimates than the 2SLS estimation in the general DSEM. We have also observed that the bias correction method based on the estimated bias approximation to order T−1 provides almost unbiased estimates and it does not lead to an inflation of the mean squared errors compared with the associated uncorrected estimators. We suggest that the corrected estimators, based upon the O(T−1), should be used to reduce the bias of the original estimators in small samples. Alternatively, the numerical results show that the bootstrap method leads to an effective reduction of the bias and an inflation of MSE, however this reduction is not as effective as the first one.
8
Jacobs, Rodney A. "Data Structures and Algorithms for Efficient Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations from 3-D Ice Sheet Models." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JacobsRA2005.pdf.
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Melega, Rayani. "Desempenho da firma e práticas de governança corporativa: um modelo de equações simultâneas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18157/tde-21102011-114848/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre práticas de governança corporativa e desempenho de 370 empresas brasileiras de capital aberto no período de 1997 a 2007. O banco de dados utilizado foi construído a partir de dados extraídos dos relatórios Informativos Anuais (IAN), fornecidos pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) e pela base de dados do Economática®. Para considerar a causalidade reversa entre as variáveis de governança e desempenho e tendo em vista a presença de endogeneidade, utilizou-se um sistema de equações simultâneas composto por quatros equações. Neste sistema as variáveis de governança corporativa, estrutura de capital, estrutura de propriedade e desempenho foram consideradas endógenas. Os parâmetros do modelo foram estimados com a utilização do método de mínimos quadrados de dois estágios (MQ2E) e de mínimos quadrados de três estágios (MQ3E). O teste de Hausman sugere que as estimativas obtidas por meio de mínimos quadrados de três estágios são mais apropriadas para as inferências estatísticas. Os principais resultados indicaram que a diferença entre o direito de voto e o direito de fluxo de caixa em posse do maior acionista último é negativamente relacionada com o desempenho operacional da empresa. Isto indica que empresas com maior potencial de expropriação dos acionistas minoritários pelos majoritários tendem a apresentar menor desempenho. Esse resultado confirma a hipótese de que uma maior qualidade de governança corporativa impacta positivamente no desempenho da firma. Com a utilização da metodologia empregada, também foi possível analisar a influência do desempenho da firma sobre aspectos de governança corporativa. Os resultados apontaram que, quanto maior o desempenho maior a diferença entre o direito de voto e direito de fluxo de caixa do maior acionista último. Assim, os resultados evidenciam que a adoção de práticas de governança é importante para explicar o desempenho da firma, e também indicam a existência de inter-relação entre as variáveis testadas no modelo.The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between corporate governance practices and performance of 370 Brazilian companies traded in the period of 1997 to 2007. The used data base was created from extracted data of Informative Annual reports (IAN), provided by Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) and by the data base of Economática®. To consider the reverse causality between governance variables and performance and in view of the presence of endogeneity, we used a system of simultaneous equations consisting of four equations. In this system, the corporate governance variables, capital structure, ownership structure and performance were considered endogenous. The model parameters were estimated using the method of two-stage least squares (2SLS) and three-stage least squares (3SLS). The Hausman test suggests that the obtained estimates through the tree-stage least squares are more appropriate for statistical inferences. The main results indicate that the difference between voting right and cash flow right at the possession of the last largest shareholder is negatively related to the company\'s operating performance. This result indicates that firms with greater potential for expropriation of minority shareholders by majority shareholders tend to have lower performance which confirms the hypothesis that a higher quality of corporate governance has a positive impact on firm performance. Using this methodology, it was also possible to analyze the influence of the firm performance on aspects of corporate governance. The results support that, the higher the performance the greater the difference between voting rights and cash flow right to the last major shareholder. Thus, the results indicate that the adoption of governance practices is important to explain the performance and also indicate the existence of inter-relationship between the studied variables.
10
Tao, Ji. "Spatial econometrics models, methods and applications /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1118957992.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 140 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-140). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
11
Ostermeier, Richard L. "DEMAND AND SUPPLY MODEL FOR THE U.S. SKI/WAKEBOARD BOAT MARKET." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/178.
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A simultaneous demand and supply model for the U.S. ski/wakeboard boat market is estimated by three-stage least squares and iterated three-stage least squares methods using publicly available data. The model is used to test if, and to what extent, certain factors impact the annual quantity of new ski/wakeboard boats demanded and supplied. Statistical analysis suggests that the model does a good job of explaining the annual quantity of new ski/wakeboard boats demanded and supplied. The findings are most immediately beneficial to manufacturers and dealers. Dealers can use the results to better forecast demand which in turn will lead to more efficient production planning for manufacturers.
12
Li, Chunmo. "The effects of local economic and environmental policies on county population and employment growth." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135273183.
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Chen, Hengheng. "Three Essays on Family Economics and Early Childhood Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27461.
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This dissertation consists of three essays studying the effects of collective household decisions on early childhood development from both empirical and theoretical perspectives. The first chapter outlines the dissertation, by presenting the motivations, methods, conclusions, and policy implications for the entire dissertation.
Chapter two examines early childhood development using a collective model with children's cognitive production. We jointly estimate the home input demand with children's cognitive production functions based on a simultaneous equations model. Biases are considered that are caused by the non-random selection of time inputs and possible correlations across inputs and outcomes functions. A direct measure of time inputs relying on children's time diaries from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID-CDS) has been constructed. We thereby relax the assumption that there is no difference between parental time spent on children and leisure. Our results show that parental time inputs, especially the active time interacting with children's daily activities, have substantial effects on both children's math and reading test scores. The time inputs vary across parents' age, race, and eduction levels.
In chapter three, we conduct a standard Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to evaluate the role of home inputs in the black-white test score gaps based on the empirical model presented in chapter two. Aside from the finding that children's ability accounts for a large proportion of the differences, we find that home inputs can also explain a significant portion of the gap. When the maternal time is equalized at the average levels of white children, the racial differences in children's reading and math test scores can be closed by approximately 30%-50%.
The last chapter extends a collective model with household production to the general equilibrium framework. We concentrate on the impacts of a global bargaining power shift within the household on children's cognitive achievement, especially on those who live with single mothers. The model shows that a global bargaining power change in favor of the female may not necessarily be beneficial to the children living with their single mothers. An increase of female's market equilibrium wage rate as a result of reduced labor supply by married women may induce single mothers to work longer hours, spend less time with children, and compensate them with more monetary investment compared with the case when the equilibrium wage rate stays constant.Ph. D.
14
Vejdělková, Dita. "Simulační předpovědi české ekonomiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72237.
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The thesis is composed of three main parts. The first part is theoretical and I deal here with economic relationships between macroeconomic magnitudes. Second part dedicated to the econometric theory of prognosis follows, in which I deal with different types of prognoses and prediction methods used at present. In the third, practical, part my intended aim is to create the best possible models of relations between fundamental macroeconomic magnitudes, using real Czech economy data, and to make simulation predictions of these magnitudes based on acquired models while utilising scenario analysis. First, I deal with choice of MSE and VAR models. Then follows the estimate of particular models and validation of prognostic capabilities of particular models for static and dynamic simulation. I conclude with elaboration of macroeconomic magnitudes prognosis while using scenario analysis.
15
Han, Sukho Brown D. Scott. "The impact analysis of structural change in Korean agriculture with respect to the Korean-United States free trade agreement dynamic simultaneous equation model approach /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6969.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Scott Brown. Includes bibliographical references.
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Abel, Guy, Michael Brottrager, Cuaresma Jesus Crespo, and Raya Muttarak. "Climate, Conflict and Forced Migration." Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.12.003.
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Despite the lack of robust empirical evidence, a growing number of media reports attempt to link climate change
to the ongoing violent conflicts in Syria and other parts of the world, as well as to the migration crisis in Europe.
Exploiting bilateral data on asylum seeking applications for 157 countries over the period 2006-2015, we assess
the determinants of refugee flows using a gravity model which accounts for endogenous selection in order to
examine the causal link between climate, conflict and forced migration. Our results indicate that climatic
conditions, by affecting drought severity and the likelihood of armed conflict, played a significant role as an
explanatory factor for asylum seeking in the period 2011-2015. The effect of climate on conflict occurrence is
particularly relevant for countries in Western Asia in the period 2010-2012 during when many countries were
undergoing political transformation. This finding suggests that the impact of climate on conflict and asylum
seeking flows is limited to specific time period and contexts.
17
Zhou, Lixing. "Dynamic generalized (multiple-set) structured canonical correlation analysis (dynamic GCANO): a structural equation model for simultaneous analysis of multiple-subject effective connectivity in functional neuroimaging studies." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123190.
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Effective connectivity in functional neuroimaging studies is defined as the time dependent causal influence that a certain brain region of interest (ROI) exerts on another. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is regularly employed to analyze effective connectivity. In recent years, various SEM methods have been proposed to model effective connectivity. However, there has been little attempt to develop SEM methods for analyzing common patterns of effective connectivity across subjects despite the prevalence of multiple-subject research in effective connectivity. This dissertation proposes a method that fills this gap. This method is called dynamic generalized (multiple-set) structured canonical correlation analysis (dynamic GCANO). It combines generalized (multiple-set) canonical correlation analysis (GCANO) with a multivariate autoregressive time series model in a unified framework. This dissertation begins with a brief review of existing SEM techniques, and points out their limitations in analyzing multiple-subject effective connectivity data, which serves as a motivation to develop dynamic GCANO. The technical underpinnings of the proposed method are then stated, including specifications of a modeling framework and an optimization criterion for parameter estimation, which is minimized by an alternating least squares algorithm. The effectiveness of dynamic GCANO is demonstrated by analyzing both synthetic and real data sets. The former reveals reasonably good parameter recoveries by the proposed method, while the latter shows the usefulness of the method in empirical research. Several features of dynamic GCANO are highlighted through these examples. The dissertation concludes with possible extensions of the proposed method.Suivant les méthodes d'imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale, une connectivité efficace est définie comme influence dépendant de causalité temporelle qu'une certaine région d'intérêt du cerveau (ROI) exerce sur une autre. La modélisation par équation structurelle (SEM) est régulièrement utilisée pour analyser la connectivité efficace. Ces dernières années, diverses méthodes de SEM ont été proposées pour la modélisation de la connectivité efficace. Cependant, il y a eu peu de tentative pour développer des méthodes de SEM pour analyser les modèles communs de connectivité efficace sur-sujets, malgré la prédominance de recherche sur des sujets multiples pour analyser la connectivité efficace. Cette thèse propose une méthode qui comble cette lacune. Cette méthode est appelée dynamique généralisée (multiples ensemble) structuré l'analyse de corrélation canonique (dynamique GCANO). Elle combine généralisée (multiples ensemble) structuré l'analyse de corrélation canonique (GCANO) avec multivariée des séries chronologiques autorégressif dans un cadre unifié. Cette thèse commence par un bref sommaire sur les techniques existantes de SEM et souligne leurs limites pour analyser les données de plusieurs sous réserve pour la connectivité efficace, ce qui a mené à développer la dynamique GCANO. Les techniques de base de la méthode proposée sont ensuite énumérées, y compris les spécifications du cadre de modélisation et un critère d'optimisation pour l'estimation de paramètres, qui est réduit par alternant algorithme des moindres carrés. L'efficacité du dynamique GCANO est démontrée par l'analyse des ensembles de données synthétiques et réels. Les données synthétiques montrent une récupération raisonnable de paramètre par la méthode proposée, alors que les données réelles montrent l'utilité de la méthode dans les recherches empiriques. Plusieurs fonctionnalités du dynamique sont mises en évidence par le biais de ces exemples. En conclusion, la thèse propose des extensions possibles de la méthode proposée.
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Kim, Hang Joon. "The Generalized Multiset Sampler: Theory and Its Application." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338332071.
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Dömeland, Narvaez Dörte. "Empirical studies on human capital and natural resources." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7345.
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El primer capítulo de la tesis sobre "Estudios Empíricos sobre Capital Humano e Instituciones" presenta estimaciones de retornos a la educación en Alemania y analiza los determinantes de las preferencias educativas. El segundo capítulo utiliza estimaciones de retornos a la experiencia en el país de origen de inmigrantes en Estados Unidos para proporcionar evidencia empírica que el comercio aumenta la acumulación de capital humano en el trabajo, incluso en los países menos desarrollados, resolviendo la ambigüedad teórica si el comercio aumenta o disminuye "learning-by-doing". La acumulación de capital humano en el trabajo es también positivamente asociada con el PIB per capita, un alto nivel de educación y una mayor calidad de políticas e instituciones. El último capítulo analiza el efecto de recursos naturales y asistencia externa sobre la calidad de instituciones, proporcionando evidencia empírica que -contrario a la asistencia externa, la abundancia de mineral y combustible tiende a ser asociada negativamente con la calidad de instituciones si la fragmentación étnica es grande.The first chapter of the thesis on "Empirical Studies on Human Capital and Institutions" presents estimates of returns to education in Germany and analyses the determinants of educational choices. The second chapter uses estimated returns to home country experience of US immigrants to provide empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation even in less developed countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. Similar to trade, GDP per capita, a high average level of educational attainment and stronger quality of policy and institutions are found to be positively associated with on-the-job human capital accumulation. The last chapter analyses the effect of natural resources and aid on institutions, providing empirical evidence that contrary to aid, mineral and fuel abundance tends to be associated with significantly lower quality of institutions if ethnic fractionalization is large.
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Farias, Kelly Teixeira Rodrigues. "A relação entre divulgação ambiental, desempenho ambiental e desempenho econômico nas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto: uma pesquisa utilizando equações simultâneas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-28042008-165300/.
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As empresas têm crescentemente incluído em suas estratégias de negócios a responsabilidade ambiental em resposta às demandas sociais de conservação dos recursos naturais e às exigências dos diversos stakeholders para garantir sua legitimidade e permanecer no mercado. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a inter-relação entre a divulgação ambiental, o desempenho ambiental e o desempenho econômico das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na Teoria da Legitimidade e na Teoria da Divulgação, no que tange a divulgação de informações como uma resposta a pressões sociais e as necessidades dos stakeholders. Foram pesquisadas 87 empresas, que possuem ações negociadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa). O problema foi investigado pela hipótese que a divulgação ambiental, o desempenho ambiental e o desempenho econômico mantêm uma inter-relação positiva e linear entre si, observadas algumas características das empresas, o que culminou com adoção de um modelo de equações simultâneas. Os resultados do modelo sugerem que não há inter-relação significante entre as variáveis, de acordo com as características da amostra e dos indicadores utilizados, pois se observou que a divulgação ambiental é influenciada pelo desempenho ambiental, que o desempenho econômico afeta o desempenho ambiental, mas que a divulgação ambiental não é afetada pelo desempenho econômico. Sugere-se que sejam realizadas outras pesquisas, que observem a inter-relação utilizando outras variáveis e também outras medidas para aquelas que foram utilizadas.The companies have been including the environmental responsibility in their business strategies, as a response to social demands for natural resources conservancy and to demands of the several stakeholders, in order to maintain their legitimacy and to stay in the market. This study aims to investigate the inter-relation among the environmental disclosure, the environmental performance and the economic performance of Brazilian Public Companies. The research was based on Legitimacy Theory and on Disclosure Theory, in relation to information disclosure as an answer to social pressures and to stakeholders needs. 87 companies, which have shares in Bovespa (São Paulo s Stock Market), had been investigated. The subject was investigated based on hypothesis, which environmental disclosure, environmental performance and economic performance are inter-related in a positive and linear way when related to some of the companies characteristics. It ended in the adoption of a simultaneous equations model. Results of the model suggest that there is no significant interrelation between environmental disclosure and environmental and economic performance, related companies characteristics and according to indicators used, as it was observed that the environmental disclosure is influenced by environmental performance and that the economic performance affects the environmental performance, but that environmental disclosure is no influences economic performance. It is suggested that from this study new research is taken, in order to observe the inter-relation observing other variables and other measures for those used.
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Lukmanova, Elizaveta, and Gabriele Tondl. "Macroeconomic Imbalances and Business Cycle Synchronization. Why Common Economic Governance is Imperative for the Eurozone." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5087/1/wp229.pdf.
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This paper investigates a new category of influential factors on business cycle synchronization (BCS), so far hardly regarded in the BCS literature: It provides an empirical assessment of the impact of macroeconomic imbalances, as monitored by the European Commission by the scoreboard indicators since 2011, on BCS in the Euozone. We use a quarterly data set covering the period 2002-2012 and estimate the direct and indirect effects of macroeconomic imbalances in the pre- and post-crisis period in a simultaneous equations model. Business cycle correlation between EA members is measured by the recently proposed dynamic conditional correlation of Engle 2002 which can better identify synchronous and asynchronous behaviour of BC than the commonly used measures. We find that appearing differences between EA members in the current account, in government deficit and public debt, in private debt and unit labor cost developments have reduced BCS in the EA, even more in the post-crisis period than before. Moreover, these explanatory factors of BCS, generally reinforce each other and are also influenced by other critical macro imbalances. Since BCS is essential in a monetary union, this paper provides clear support that a stronger, common economic governance would be important for the functioning and survival of the Eurozone. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Ortakaya, Ahmet Fatih. "Multivariate Time Series Modeling Of The Number Of Applicants And Beneficiary Households For Conditional Cash Transfer Program In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610954/index.pdf.
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Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) is a social assistance program which aims for investing in human capital by enabling families under risk of poverty to send their children to school and to benefit from health services regularly. CCT aims for decreasing poverty by means of cash transfers in the short run and aims for investing in children&rsquos human capital by providing basic preventative health care, regular school attendance and nutrition in the long run. Under the state of these aims, beginning from 1990s, more than 20 countries in the world started their own CCT program by the mediation or leadership of World Bank. CCT program in Turkey started so as to decrease the adverse effects of economic crisis in 2001 within the Social Risk Mitigation Project which was financially supported by the World Bank loan and constituted under the Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation. CCT program in Turkey has been adopted by poor families in recent years, and demands and overall payments within the program have been increased significantly in a consideration of years. The need for examining and predicting the increase in these demands scientifically
and considering the fact that CCT is being applied over 20 countries, and such a study being never done before made this study necessary. In this thesis study, the change of CCT applications and number of beneficiary household over time were modeled using multivariate time series models according to geographical regions. Using the vector autoregressive models with exogenous variables (VARX), the forecasts were obtained for the number of CCT applications and beneficiary households in the future.
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VASCONCELOS, Josimar Mendes de. "Equações simultâneas no contexto clássico e bayesiano: uma abordagem à produção de soja." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5012.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The last years has increased the quantity of researchers and search scientific in the plantation, production and value of the soybeans in the Brazil, in grain. In front of this, the present dissertation looks for to analyze the data and estimate models that explain, of satisfactory form, the variability observed of the quantity produced and value of the production of soya in grain in the Brazil, in the field of the study. For the development of these analyses is used the classical and Bayesian inference, in the context of simultaneous equations by the tools of indirect square minimum in two practices. In the classical inference uses the estimator of square minima in two practices. In the Bayesian inference worked the method of Mountain Carlo via Chain of Markov with the algorithms of Gibbs and Metropolis-Hastings by means of the technician of simultaneous equations. In the study, consider the variable area harvested, quantity produced, value of the production and gross inner product, in which it adjusted the model with the variable answer quantity produced and afterwards the another variable answer value of the production for finally do the corrections and obtain the final result, in the classical and Bayesian method. Through of the detours normalized, statistics of the proof-t, criteria of information Akaike and Schwarz normalized stands out the good application of the method of Mountain Carlo via Chain of Markov by the algorithm of Gibbs, also is an efficient method in the modelado and of easy implementation in the statistical softwares R & WinBUGS, as they already exist smart libraries to compile the method. Therefore, it suggests work the method of Mountain Carlo via chain of Markov through the method of Gibbs to estimate the production of soya in grain.
Nos últimos anos tem aumentado a quantidade de pesquisadores e pesquisas científicas na plantação, produção e valor de soja no Brasil, em grão. Diante disso, a presente dissertação busca analisar os dados e ajustar modelos que expliquem, de forma satisfatória, a variabilidade observada da quantidade produzida e valor da produção de soja em grão no Brasil, no campo do estudo. Para o desenvolvimento dessas análises é utilizada a inferência clássica e bayesiana, no contexto de equações simultâneas através da ferramenta de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios. Na inferência clássica utiliza-se o estimador de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios. Na inferência bayesiana trabalhou-se o método de Monte Carlo via Cadeia de Markov com os algoritmos de Gibbs e Metropolis-Hastings por meio da técnica de equações simultâneas. No estudo, consideram-se as variáveis área colhida, quantidade produzida, valor da produção e produto interno bruto, no qual ajustou-se o modelo com a variável resposta quantidade produzida e depois a variável resposta valor da produção para finalmente fazer as correções e obter o resultado final, no método clássico e bayesiano. Através, dos desvios padrão, estatística do teste-t, critérios de informação Akaike e Schwarz normalizados destaca-se a boa aplicação do método de Monte Carlo via Cadeia de Markov pelo algoritmo de Gibbs, também é um método eficiente na modelagem e de fácil implementação nos softwares estatísticos R & WinBUGS, pois já existem bibliotecas prontas para compilar o método. Portanto, sugere-se trabalhar o método de Monte Carlo via cadeia de Markov através do método de Gibbs para estimar a produção de soja em grão, no Brasil.
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Hassan, Mahmoud. "Fiscalité environnementale, dette publique et croissance économique : une analyse macroéconomique." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0015/document.
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Les politiques environnementales, notamment celles recourant aux instruments fiscaux, ont pris une place de plus en plus importante dans un grand nombre de pays durant les trois dernières décennies. Tous les pays de l’OCDE ont introduit des taxes liées à l'environnement et un nombre croissant d'entre eux procèdent à une réforme dite "verte" de leur fiscalité. L’utilisation de la taxe comme un instrument pour la politique environnementale a suscité un large débat parmi les chercheurs sur ses impacts sur la croissance économique, mais sans parvenir à un consensus sur la nature de ces effets. Certains trouvent un effet négatif, alors que d’autres montrent un impact positif. Deux points ont attiré notre attention sur ce sujet. Premièrement, les études empiriques qui vérifient la validité de ces résultats sont très rares. Deuxièmement, la majorité des modèles théoriques qui ont étudié l’effet de la fiscalité environnementale sur la croissance économique supposent que le gouvernement finance ses dépenses uniquement par les taxes et que le budget d’État est équilibré à chaque période, évitant ainsi tout fardeau associé au remboursement de la dette publique. Par conséquent, cette thèse a pour objectif d’abord d’explorer empiriquement la nature de la relation entre la fiscalité environnementale et la croissance économique, et si cette relation est sensible au niveau d'autres variables dans l'économie. Ensuite, nous examinons les canaux par lesquels cette taxe peut affecter la croissance économique, et si l'existence et le niveau de la dette publique peuvent modifier cet effetEnvironmental policies, especially those using fiscal instruments, have become more and more important in a large number of countries over the last three decades. All OECD countries have introduced environmentally related taxes, and a growing number of them are carrying out a so-called "green" reform of their taxation. The use of the tax as an instrument for environmental policy has sparked wide debate among researchers on its impacts on economic growth, but without reaching consensus on the nature of these effects. Some find a negative effect; while others show a positive impact. Two points raised our attention on this subject. First, the empirical studies that verify the validity of these results are very rare. Second, the majority of theoretical models that have studied the effect of environmental taxation on economic growth assume that the government finances its expenditures solely through taxes and that the state budget is balanced each period, thus avoiding any burden associated to repayment of public debt. Therefore, this thesis aims firstly to explore empirically the nature of the relationship between environmental taxation and economic growth, and whether this relationship is sensitive to the level of other variables in the economy. We examine then the channels through which this tax can affect economic growth, and whether the existence and level of public debt can modify this effect
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Shah, Syed Muhammad Noaman. "Analyzing spillover effects between sovereign, financial and real sectors during the euro zone crisis." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0501/document.
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Alors que le début de la crise de l'euro a relancé le débat sur l’interdépendance du risque decrédit et la relation dette bancaire-dette souveraine, l’importance du secteur réel est négligéedans l’élaboration des mesures de relance de la croissance économique dans la zone euro. Cettethèse se concentre sur ces questions au sein de la zone euro. D’abord, nous évaluons les effets«spillover» de la crise souveraine sur le coût de crédit des entreprises non financières enprésence des mesures d’austérité (Chapitre-I). Nos résultats indiquent un effet significatif de ladette publique sur le coût des prêts. En outre, en période de crise, les mesures d’austéritéimpactent significativement le coût de crédit tandis qu’avant la crise, on note une petite illustrationde la demande agrégée de Keynes. Ensuite, nous montrons que les fonctions traditionnelles desbanques, notamment celle de création de liquidité fragilisent le secteur souverain (Chapitre-II). Enparticulier, nous montrons que le risque de liquidité des banques agit comme un canal depropagation de l'incertitude vers les sociétés non financières et inversement. Enfin, nousexaminons la dynamique du risque de crédit sur la dette souveraine, les entreprises et lesbanques (Chapitre-III). Nos résultats montrent qu’il existe un risque de contagion sur les secteurset les marchés financiers de l’union monétaire. Par ailleurs, les résultats des simulations dechocs de primes de risque des pays «noyaux» de la zone euro confirment l’existence d’effetsindirects sur le reste de la zone. De plus, nous constatons un phénomène de fuite desinvestisseurs vers les valeurs refugesThe onset of euro crisis has rekindled the policy debate regarding credit risk interdependenceamong sovereign-bank nexus. In this vein, the importance of real sector is overlooked whileformulating corrective measures for the recovery of economic growth in EMU. This thesispresents a study that examined these issues in euro zone. First, we evaluate spillover effect ofeuro crisis on borrowing cost of non-financial firms in presence of austerity measures (Chapter-I).Our results suggest significant effect especially where creditor rights protection are weak. Inaddition during recent crisis, results indicate presence of credibility channel due to austeritymeasures whereas; there is slight indication of aggregate demand channel before crisis. Second,we find traditional function of bank’s liquidity creation as a significant conduit of sovereign distressto real sector (Chapter-II). Particularly, our main finding shows that bank liquidity risk acts as aconduit which propagates uncertainty towards non-financial firms and re-channels it back torespective government. Finally, we examine cross-market credit risk dynamics among sovereignbank-firm nexus to identify presence of contagion during euro crisis period (Chapter-III). Ourresults report grave evidence of credit risk contagion across sectors and member states incorresponding financial markets in EMU. Moreover like peripheral countries, simulation results toshock in core countries risk premia strongly provide evidence of contagion towards remainingeuro zone
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Ahmadi, Aras. "Modélisation de l'absorption réactive multiconstituant : application au traitement des gaz acides par des solvants aux alcanolamines." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0077/document.
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Les gaz issus de la combustion des énergies fossiles dans les centrales électriques contiennent une grande variété de polluants tels que les gaz-acides et ne peuvent être rejetés directement dans l'atmosphère. Ces polluants gazeux doivent être traités par des méthodes de captage en post combustion dans des colonnes d'absorption utilisant des solvants chimiques. L'objectif est donc de concevoir une unité d'élimination sélective des gaz-acides tels que CO2, H2S et COS en utilisant des solvants de la famille des alcanolamines. Cette thèse développe dans un premier temps, un modèle de non-équilibre, adapté aux systèmes multiconstituants électrolytiques et réactifs, pour la représentation des colonnes d'absorption réactive. Le modèle comporte des modules pour représenter la thermodynamique en espèces vraies (espèces ioniques et moléculaires), le transfert simultané de masse et de chaleur, et les réactions chimiques. Les équations généralisées de Maxwell-Stefan sont utilisées pour quantifier les interactions multiconstituants lors de la diffusion. Le schéma réactionnel est intégralement pris en compte dans la phase liquide, et les réactions chimiques peuvent être cinétiquement contrôlées ou à l'équilibre chimique instantané. La séparation réactive en régime permanent est ainsi simulée avec une description rigoureuse des phénomènes de réaction-diffusion dans les films diffusionnels. Dans un deuxième temps, une installation pilote de captage du CO2 par une solution aqueuse de diéthanolamine est mise en fluvre pour la validation expérimentale du modèle. La diéthanolamine a une forte réactivité vis-à-vis du CO2; ceci engendre un profil important de concentration du soluté dans la colonne. Le pilote est dédié à la validation de modèle, il est donc équipé de plusieurs unités d'échantillonnage gaz et liquide à différentes hauteurs de garnissage. Les profils longitudinaux de la concentration du CO2 en gaz et en liquide, de l'humidité absolue et de la température liquide peuvent être établis expérimentalement et être comparés avec ceux provenant de la simulation. L'outil de simulation validé devient alors un outil de prédiction de l'efficacité des unités réelles de captage par l'absorption réactiveThe exhaust gases coming from the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants contain a wide variety of pollutants such as acid gases and can not be discharged directly into the atmosphere. These gaseous pollutants must be treated by postcombustion capture methods in absorption columns using chemical solvents. The objective is then to design a selective removal unit of acid-gases such as CO2, H2S and COS by using solvents of the alkanolamine family. This thesis develops as the first step, a non-equilibrium model, adapted to multicomponent electrolytic and reactive systems, for the representation of reactive absorption columns. The model includes modules to represent the thermodynamics on the basis of true species (ionic and molecular species), the simultaneous heat and mass transfer, and the chemical reactions. The generalized equations of Maxwell-Stefan are used to take into account the multicomponent interactions during diffusion. The reaction scheme is fully included in the liquid phase, and the chemical reactions can be kinetically controlled or at instantaneous equilibrium. The reactive separation at steady-state conditions is then simulated with a rigorous description of the reaction-diffusion phenomena in diffusional films. In the second step, a pilot plant of CO2 capture with an aqueous solution of diethanolamine is implemented for experimental validation of the model. Diethanolamine has high reactivity with respect to CO2; this generates an important concentration profile of solute in the column. The pilot plant is dedicated to model validation; it is equipped with several gas and liquid sampling units at different heights of packing. The longitudinal profiles of the gas and liquid CO2 concentration, the absolute humidity and the liquid temperature can be established experimentally and compared with those from the simulation. The validated simulation tool then becomes a tool to predict the effectiveness of real capture units by reactive absorption
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Nguedam, Ntouko Clarisse. "Gouvernance et institutions dans les décisions d'investissement privé dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10383.
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Cette thèse analyse l’impact des facteurs institutionnels et de la gouvernance sur l’investissement privé dans les pays en développement. La problématique de la « bonne gouvernance » et de l’amélioration de la qualité institutionnelle notamment dans les pays en développement sont au coeur des préoccupations de la communauté internationale. Pour autant, il n’existe pas un cadre institutionnel et un système de gouvernance unique et optimal qui s’imposeraient de manière exogène à tous les pays, car les facteurs culturels, historiques et anthropologiques modèlent la qualité des institutions et le mode de gouvernance. En effet, si les pays peuvent avoir un objectif commun, celui d’un cadre institutionnel permettant notamment de garantir la viabilité et la crédibilité du climat d’investissement, ils démarrent tous de points différents, marqués par des caractéristiques propres.Ces facteurs nous emmènent à privilégier une approche relativiste et non normative de la qualité des institutions et de la gouvernance. Cependant,tous les cadres institutionnels ne se valent pas. Certaines configurations institutionnelles accroissent l’incertitude et l’irréversibilité de l’investissement. Nos analyses placent le déficit de gouvernance et la faiblesse des institutions au cœur de la problématique de l’incertitude et de l’irréversibilité de l’investissement dans les pays en développement. Nous adoptons dans cette thèse une démarche plurielle consistant en une analyse macroéconométrique qui permet d’apprécier le comportement de l’investissement au niveau agrégé, et une analyse microéconométrique qui a l’intérêt de prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité des comportements d’investissement des entreprises. Un accent particulier est porté à l’Afrique subsaharienne qui est la région ayant le plus faible taux d’investissementThis thesis analyzes the impact of governance and institutions on private investment in developing countries. "Good governance" and institutional quality especially in developing countries are of great concern to the international community. However, there is no unique and optimal institutional framework and governance system which can be set up in all countries independently to their cultural, historical and anthropological characteristics. Indeed, if all countries can share a common objective which consists of an institutional framework, able to ensure the sustainability and credibility of the investment climate, they will all start from different points with specific characteristics. These factors lead us to favor a non normative approach of the quality of institutions and governance. However, some institutional framework increases uncertainty and irreversibility ofinvestment. In this thesis, we consider weak institutions and poor governance as the main sources of uncertainty and irreversibility of investment indeveloping countries. We use a macroeconometric approach which analyses the investment behavior at the aggregate level, and a microeconometric approach which takes into account the heterogeneity of the investment behavior of firms. An emphasis is put on sub-Saharan African countries that have the lowest private investment rate
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Lee, Meng-Han, and 李孟翰. "The Relationship among Audit Committee, Information Transparency and Earnings Quality: The Application of Simultaneous Equation Models." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06805180874203377433.
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碩士中國文化大學
會計學系
100
The characteristics of family controlling and business group in domestic corpora-tions influence the function of board of directors in recent years. By introducing the independent director and supervisor and audit committee, the authoritative regulators hope to improve the corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the audit committee is beneficial to information transparency and earnings quality. This research has collected 601 samples, which are from the Taiwan Securities Exchange during the period 2010 and selected the electronics industry. Further, sample was divided into listed companies and OTC companies to explore, listed companies accounted for 313 samples, OTC companies accounted for 288 samples. This research method applies multiple regression analysis and simultaneous equation models and the empirical results show that setting the audit committee in all samples and listed companies samples have a significant impact on information transparency; however, there’s no significant effect on the OTC companies. Setting the audit committee in listed companies samples have a significant impact on earnings quality; however, there’s no significant effect on the all samples and OTC samples. Setting the audit committee in listed companies samples have a significant interactive impact among information transparency and earnings quality.
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Veselý, Václav. "Modely strukturálních rovnic s aplikací v sociálních vědách." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382740.
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We investigate possible usage of Errors-in-Variables estimator (EIV), when esti- mating structural equations models (SEM). Structural equations modelling pro- vides framework for analysing complex relations among set of random variables where for example the response variable in one equation plays role of the predic- tor in another equation. First an overview of SEM and some common covariance based estimators is provided. Special case of linear regression model is investi- gated, showing that the covariance based estimators yield the same results as ordinary least squares. A compact review of EIV models follows, Errors-in-Variables models are re- gression models where not only response but also predictors are assumed to be measured with an error. Main contribution of this paper then lies in defining modifications of the EIV estimator to fit in the SEM framework. General opti- mization problem to estimate the parameters of structural equations model with errors-in-variables si postulated. Several modifications of two stage least squares are also proposed for future research. Equation-wise Errors-in-Variables estimator is proposed to estimate the coeffi- cients of structural equations model. The coefficients of every structural equation are estimated separately using EIV estimator. Some theoretical conditions...
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Eouanzoui, Kianré Boniface. "Sampling distribution of econometric estimators in simultaneous equations models." Thesis, 1990. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/4155/1/MM64674.pdf.
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Jhuo, Shin-Sheng, and 卓世昇. "Earnings Management and Market Value - Simultaneous Equations Model." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08011525486319809507.
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碩士銘傳大學
會計學系碩士班
98
This study examines the earnings management and market value. Literatures evidenced that earnings management affect the market value. We argue that the management determines earnings management based on the market value, and use simultaneous equations model to investigate the endogeneity between earnings management and market value. The empirical results show that earnings management has an impact on the market value. The market value will increase with net income by positive earnings management. In contrast, the market value will decrease by negative earnings management. In addition, the market value is positive effect of earnings management. The results show the market value is higher, the possible of positive earnings management is greater. On the other hand, the market value is lower, the possible of negative earnings management is greater.
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Wang, Hui-Lien, and 王慧蓮. "Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Estimators in the Simultaneous Equation Model." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55035860062620891850.
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碩士國立成功大學
數學系應用數學碩博士班
94
The problem of using the double-k estimator to estimate the parameters in the simultaneous equation model is the choice of (k1; k2). Using the concept from Gao & Lahiri(2002), we find the optimal value of k2 under the given optimal value of k1. Then we use Matlab to find the optimal value of (k1; k2) simultaneously. On the other hand, the Bayesian estimator which is the expectation of the ploy-t distribution may be obtained by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Finally, we compare these estimators by using simulation. We find that the estimator using optimal value of (k1; k2) simultaneously has the minimal value of mean square error, even though it has larger bias than others.
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MingChingLin and 林旻靜. "Mallow's Type Two-Stage Trimmed Means for Simultaneous Equations Model." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12346020658190815154.
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碩士國立交通大學
統計所
90
We introduce the Mallow's type two-stage Koenker and Bassett (1978) trimmed mean and Welsh (1987) trimmed mean for the simultaneous equations model. Their large sample theories are provided and Monte Carlo studies are performed. Moreover, two real data analysis are also provided.
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HONG, WAN-JI, and 洪萬吉. "Estimation of the structure of simultaneous equation model under the nonnormal disturbances." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39839492351604879090.
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Liu, Ching-Jung, and 劉靜容. "Managerial ownership and corporate performance─ An analysis of the switching simultaneous equation model." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76314495122854206593.
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碩士淡江大學
產業經濟學系
91
The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of managerial ownership on corporate performance. There are many studies in the literature that trace the chain of ownership to find who has the most voting right, and to identify their ultimate control patterns. In particular, we view that the ownership structure of the firm should be thought of as an endogenous outcome of decisions reflecting the influence of profit-maximizing process by shareholders. In order to understand whether the variation in ownership structure exists, this thesis applies the switching simultaneous equation model to detect the connection between ownership structure and performance. To highlight the sample selection bias caused by endogenous ownership structure, we adopt Heckman two-stage estimation procedures. In addition, taking the self selection among different regimes of ownership structure into account, we apply the simultaneous equation to estimate the relation between the ownership structure and the corporate performance. The data were collected from the publications of the listed companies in the Taiwan Stock Exchange in 2001. We obtained 466 valid observations excluding some specific industries (e.g. financial industry and insurance companies etc.). According to empirical results, we find that after considering two variables of the business group and the family-controlled company, there exist important effects of self selection on ownership in different regimes. Besides, the change of managerial ownership has significant effect on the corporate performance as the ownership regime selection differs. This also indicates that the self selection among different regimes of ownership structure did affect the outcome of managerial ownership on the corporate performance.
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Chuang, Hung-Chang, and 莊弘昌. "Mallows Type Bounded Influence Regression Quantile for Linear Regression Model and Simultaneous Equations Model." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82744581685532404320.
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碩士國立交通大學
統計學系
85
We present asymptotic distributions of the Mallows type bounded-influencereg ression quantile for the linear regression model and also the simultaneousequa tions model. Monte Carlo simulation comparing mean squared errors showsthat th e bounded-influence one is more efficient than the unbounded- influence one(Koe nker and Bassett(1978))when gross errors occur in the independent-variables-s pace.
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Cheng, Chun-Yuan, and 鄭峻元. "A Simultaneous Equations Model of the Hotel Room Supply & Demand in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23296284381657296788.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
103
The main purpose of this empirical study is to investigate international tourist hotels’ room supply and demand in Taiwan. We adopt the supply and demand model by Hiemstra & Ismail (1994), which is about the US lodging market, the data from 1993 to 2013, and finally create a simultaneous equation model for international tourist hotels’ room supply & demand in Taiwan by using two-stage least-squares estimator (2SLS). According to our empirical results, the significant factors in room demand model are the policy about removing restrictions to the tourists from mainland China, financial crisis from 2008 to 2010, SARS in 2003, and the implementation of five-day work week; the significant factors in room price model are financial crisis from 2008 to 2010, room price lagged one period, employees’ salary, and oil price. The amount of room demand in 2014 and 2015 we predict are 14,712 and 14,763 rooms, respectively, and we can get the occupancy rate in 2014 and 2015 are 71% and 66%, respectively. These data show that there may be a decline in room revenues in 2015. In order to avoid such situations, we give hotel managers and government some suggestions, the former is that they can consider postponing the plans for developing new rooms, or can change the usage of the rooms (e.g., luxury shops, leisure facilities, etc.). The latter is that they can join the International Tourism Fair to advertise the culture and food in local Taiwan. As a result, it will attract more tourists to visit Taiwan.
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Eorio, Lisa. "Turnover, training, and the gender gap in pay : findings from a simultaneous equations model /." 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9701374.
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Tsai-HungHuang and 黃再鴻. "The simultaneous equations model of capital structure, derivatives and credit rating for UK insurers." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75135012084392643781.
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碩士國立成功大學
國際企業研究所碩博士班
101
The credit rating levels can have significant impact on insurers’ capital decision-making. In this paper, I investigate the relationship of rating levels and capital decision-making variables, leverage and derivative use for UK life insurers. Thus I construct the three equations, rating, leverage and derivative use equation, and utilize the simultaneous equations model to run 2SLS to eliminate the endogeneity problem and try to see the true impact for those variables. In the rating equation, I find that highly leveraged firms will have lower rating like previous literatures, while firms with high derivative use will get higher rating which suggests derivative can reduce the risk firms have. On the other hand, on leverage equation, higher rating firms are found to have higher leverage. Finally, in derivative use equation, higher rating firms are more likely to utilize derivative to prevent rating downgrade, while highly leveraged firms are reported to use less derivative.
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Wang, Shanshan. "Bootstrapping generalized two stage least square estimates in simultaneous equation model with both fixed and random coefficients." Thesis, 1990. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2634/1/ML56033.pdf.
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Shau, Wen-Yi, and 邵文逸. "Generalized Simultaneous Equations Model and Generalized Path Analysis for Recursive Systems: Statistical Method and Its Applications." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74448684443708048430.
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博士國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
88
System of equations has been used extensively for exploring or examining the plausible causal relationship among several response variables by social scientists and econometricians. A system without feedback from outcome to independent variables are called a recursive model. When all the pairs of random components of each equation were mutually independent, the system is called a fully recursive system, consistent estimates of the coefficients could be obtained by method of ordinal least square (OLS) equation by equation separately. A system with correlated random components between some equations is called a partially recursive model. The equation by equation OLS estimate for a partially recursive model will be biased. The methods of estimation of such system were well developed for linear model with continuous outcome variables, which refer to path analysis (PA) or simultaneous equations models (SiEM), but not extended to the situation that the outcome may be mixed with continuous and category variables. The purpose of this study is to find the method of estimation for the systems of mixed types of outcome variables. Generalized linear models (GLMs) provides a unified framework for regression analysis of several types of outcome variables which involved only one equation in a time. Our models are extended from SiEM combined with GLMs for the recursive systems with mixed types of outcome variables, which are called the generalized simultaneous equations model (GSiEM). The estimation procedure derived from the indirect least squares (ILS), two stages least squares (TSLS) and instrumental variable (IV) which were commonly used for linear SiEM, with the combination of the iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) of GLMs were developed to analyze the GSiEM. The simulation revealed unbiased result for the estimation of the partially recursive model by our method. A real example was provided for illustration. Several potential applications of GSiEM in the field of epidemiology and biomedical were studied through examples cited form journals. According to our results, GSiEM can be applied to wide variety of study problems in an unified framework.
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Tsai, Tien-Lung, and 蔡典龍. "Generalized Simultaneous Equations Model and Generalized Path Analysis for Recursive Systems: Statistical Method and Its Properties." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47463036366116419898.
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博士國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
88
The statistical models for a system of linear regression-like structural equations with observed variables, which include simultaneous equations models (SiEMs) and path analysis (PA) models, have been used extensively for exploring or examining the plausible causal relationship among several continuous response variables by economists and social scientists. These two classes of statistical models are essentially the same except that their estimation methods differ. A system without any reciprocal effects between the response variables of the structural equations is called the recursive model, which is particularly useful in analyzing longitudinal data due to the temporal order of the response variables. When all the error terms of the structural equations in a recursive SiEM/PA model are mutually independent, it is called the fully recursive model, for which consistent estimates of the structural coefficients can be obtained equation-by-equation separately. A recursive model with correlated error terms between some of the structural equations is called the partially recursive model, for which the equation-by-equation approach is usually not valid and the estimation of the structural coefficients should be based on the whole system of equations. In this study, we generalize the linear SiEMs and PA to the situations in which the responses of a partially recursive system are a mixture of discrete and continuous variables. Specifically, we combine the indirect least squares (ILS), two-stage least squares (2SLS), and instrumental variable (IV) estimation methods of SiEM with the iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm of generalized linear models (GLMs) to estimate the structural coefficients of a partially recursive model with the response variables of mixed types. Our simulation studies, in which the performances of the ILS, 2SLS, and IV estimators are compared, show promising results. The statistical properties of our IV estimators are examined in this paper.
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徐甄璟. "The Effects of Profit-Sharing on Profitability of Taiwan''s High-Tech firms --A Simultaneous equation model Analysis." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32305744988797797229.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
91
Profit-sharing plans have long been promoted as a method of improving company performance. Lots of foreign empirical studies note the effect of profit-sharing plans on firm performance. However, in Taiwan, few empirical researches discuss about that. In order to figure out the effect of profit sharing plans, this study adopts the data of high-tech firms publicly traded in Taiwan during 1992-2001 to investigate it. In order to solve the bias in a single-equation model due to the interdependent relationship between firm’s profitability and profit sharing plans, this study adopts simultaneous-equation methods instead of traditional single-equation method to handle the bidirectional causality problem. The results indicate that the effects of profit-sharing plans are overestimated in single-equation model due to the simultaneous equation bias. It suggests that researches on this issue require simultaneous-equation approaches. Further, the significant effect of cash bonus in single-equation model disappears in simultaneous-equation model while the effect of stock bonus remains significant. It indicates that stock bonus is more effective on profitability than cash bonus.
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Lee, Ching-Ru, and 李靜如. "The Relationship Among Bank Debt, Leverage and Tobin’s Q in Taiwan’s Stock-Listed Companies- A Simultaneous Equation Model." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36725224457971180774.
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碩士中原大學
國際貿易研究所
89
In addition to regular banking activities, banks also are capable of collecting and processing private firms’ information as well. If bank can help reduce the asymmetric-information problems between lenders and borrowers while performing screening and monitoring function, then firms with bank debt are expected to experience higher leverage than others without (Johnson, 1997b). The empirical models in this study is based upon a two-stage-least-square (TSLS) regression procedure to investigate the interdependence among bank debt, leverage and Tobin’s Q (Lindenberg & Ross, 1981), determined for non-financial firms listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 1990 through 1999. This study attempts to revisit the relationships among the following concerns and issues in Taiwan. First, the relationship between bank debt and leverage; Second, the relationship between bank debt and Tobin’s Q. Third, the relationship between leverage and Tobin’s Q First, the results show that bank debt is the main source of firm’s leverage, meaning that firms with bank debt having higher leverage. Furthermore, the study points out that the banks do not need a collateral to attenuate the adverse selection that rises from asymmetric-information and moral hazard. Second, the relationship between bank debt and Tobin’s Q, this study shows that the relationships between bank debt and Tobin’s Q is not statistically significant, indicating banks do not take Tobin’s Q (performance) into consideration when make loans to firms. Since the private banks in Taiwan are generally invested by corporations, the standard to lend is rather complicated and ambiguous. Therefore, the ambiguity between the banks and corporations does not support the positive relationship that firms with bank debt should have high Tobin’s Q (firm value). And third, this study shows that the negative relationship does exit between leverage and Tobin’s Q is not statistically significant. That indicates the benefit of leverage exceeds the agency cost of leverage, implying that the banking market function do not performing well. Thus, it is hoped that the banking authority can utilize findings from this study to correct and improve the financial system in Taiwan. .
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Mao, Chun-Ching, and 毛俊清. "A Simultaneous Equations Model of Integrating Factors Affecting Capital Structure, Capital Structure and Leading-in Supply Chain." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63375561347695494832.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
94
This research will to analyse the relation between factors affecting capital structure, capital structure and leading-in Supply Chain in enterprises. In a sample of Taiwan Stock Market''s firms that from 1995 to 2005. Much of research on leading-in Supply Chain has examined the twice and over leading-in Supply Chain in enterprises. This research use Linear Structure Relationships（to simplify LISREL）to verify and explain the relation of factors affecting capital structure, capital structure determinants, and leading-in Supply Chain investment in Enterprises. The LISREL models including the structural equations models that can solve simultaneous equations. Great majority of measure variable in factors affecting capital structure, capital structure determinants, and leading-in Supply Chain are numerous and difference. The LISREL models specify the causal relationships among the latent variables, describe the causal effects, and assign the explained and unexplained varince. According theoretically to establish thirteen hypotheses, and eight hypotheses is accepted significantly. The results show that assets value, grow change and equity holdings positively affect capital structure. Profit and dividend policy negatively affects capital structure. Higher leverage reduces the probability of leading-in Supply Chain. Higher asset value, size, profit and equity holdings increase the probability of leading-in Supply Chain. Higher dividend policy reduces the probability of leading-in Supply Chain. It is provide that this research contribute to better solve method to manager and investor.
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CHEN, ZHE, and 陳哲. "The Relationship among Carbon Emissions, R&D Expenditure and Corporate Performance : Evidence from Simultaneous Equations Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74vpz4.
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碩士中國文化大學
會計學系
104
Corporate Social Responsibility has become a key factor holds many lessons for the development of enterprises , which need to take into account the economic , social and environmental dimensions . Environmental protection has become a major challenge. This article will be simultaneous equation model empirical research on corporate carbon emissions , research and development and business performance , thereby investigate the correlation between the three. Changes in corporate carbon emissions will be manifested by the environmental performance of the enterprise. Improve the environmental performance can effectively promote further enhance the business performance from the results of the study found . And business performance, environmental performance and the relationship between research and development in this paper are presented negative correlation, which may be the business development process invested more funds and its outcome uncertain, and therefore affect the business performance and environmental performance.
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Cai, Ming-jyun, and 蔡明君. "The application of Simultaneous equations and univariate ARIMA model-forecasting of the container volume for Kaohsiung Port." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25698837230309972432.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
99
The main purpose of this research is to build a forecasting model for the container throughput (import/export/transshipment) of Kaohsiung Port. Practice shows that import container volume is a derivative transportation demand which is related to domestic economic activity while export container volume reflects the derivative demand of economic activity between Taiwan and other trading countries. Domestic economy is closely connected to other trading countries, so import container volume and export container volume influence each other in a mutual and simultaneous way. The volume of Transshipment container is effected by the transportation behavior change of container carriers, large-scale trend for container ships and flourishing of lighter aboard ships; in response to the freight volume demand of large-scale container ships, that is, mother vessels berth alongside ports with bigger container traffic demands. For the container traffic demands in neighboring areas, first consolidating in feeder ports, then utilizing barges to transport the goods to the ports where mother vessels are berthing, hence, to complete the entire transportation. As the surge of China’s domestic demand, attracted by the tremendous demand for containers, the shipping companies gradually relocate the ship routes to deep-water ports in China; Taiwan’s import/export container demand is not as big as that of mainland China, but for shipping companies, it is still a considerable demand. Furthermore, considering the factors that Kaohsiung Port is more efficient in loading and unloading, has frequent incoming and outgoing ships and port related policies favor shipping companies, all of these are beneficial for Kaohsiung to win the position as top regional feeder port. Thus, the transshipment container volume is affected by import and export container volumes and forms simultaneous relationship among import, export and transshipment container volume. The forecasting of port traffic has always been an important factor in port investment plan and exact port traffic forecasting can effectively help port operators to know future container demands, hence, designing the most suitable investment plan can reduce unnecessary national construction expenses. This research utilizes the simultaneous relationship among import, export and transshipment container volumes and builds a simultaneous influence behavior model of import, export and transshipment with historical data. Using ARIMA model to gain estimated exogenous variables and substituting estimated exogenous variables in simultaneous equation to gain the forecasted value of container throughputs. The research shows that the significant variable for import container volume is the export container volume; the significant variables for export container volume are import container quantity and index of industrial production in Hong Kong. The significant variables for transshipment container volumes are export container traffic, container volume in offshore transshipment center, average berthing time and the average number of incoming and outgoing ships. Finally, adding Special Economic Zone Taiwan Strait West bank as well as Taipei port operation into the empirical discussion, and modifying the estimated value of container traffic in Kaohsiung Port calculated in this research.
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Šaroch, Vojtěch. "Numerická studie simultánních rovnic." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323032.
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Title: Numerical study on simultanious equations Author: Vojtěch Šaroch Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Petr Lachout, CSc. Abstract: In this thesis we deal with simultaneous equation model. In first chapter we introduce to theoretical aspect of this problem, especially estimation procedures and their properties. We mention issues of identification and an inconsistency of OLS-estimates for the simultaneous modeling. In second chapter we introduce theory of estimation, especially we will focus on interval estimation and precision. We mention empirical approach too. In the third chapter we perform a numerical study on simple macroeconomic model on generated dates. We are interested in properties interval estimations of parameters, the convergence rate, difference between empirical and theoretical extimation etc. Keywords: simultaneous equations model, interval estimation, empirical estimation 1
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Ching-Yi, Chen, and 陳靜怡. "A Simultaneous Equations Model of Integrating Factors Affecting Capital Structure, Capital Structure and Voluntary Restructure Behavior of Financial Distress Companies." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16239001787204830773.
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碩士義守大學
管理科學研究所
88
This study will to test the relation between factors affecting capital structure, capital structure and voluntary restructuring to financial distress company. In a sample of Taiwan Stock Market’s firms that financial distress for two years. Much of research on corporate financial restructuring has examined the causes and aftermath of extreme changes in corporate governance such as takeovers and bankruptcy. This Study restructuring initiated in response to product market pressures by voluntary restructuring, such employee layoff, assets restructuring, top management replacement, change dividend policy and debt restructuring. In past research discuss the relation between capital structure and restructuring, or analysis the factors affecting capital structure That is single equation model. But all of manage problems is not a single equation can solve. So this study will use Linear Structure Relationships（to simplify LISREL）to explain the relation of factors affecting capital structure, capital structure, and voluntary restructuring to financial distress corporation. The LISREL models including the structural equations models that can solve simultaneous equations. Great majority of measure variable in factors affecting capital structure, capital structure, and voluntary restructuring are numerous and difference. The LISREL models specify the causal relationships among the latent variables, describe the causal effects, and assign the explained and unexplained variance. This study will use LISREL models to verify the relation of factors affecting capital structure, capital structure, and voluntary restructuring to financial distress corporation. It is hoped that this research will contribute to better solve method to manager, creditor, and investor.
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Yung, Ting-Lin, and 林詠庭. "The Relationship among Corporate Governance, R&D Expenditure And Firm Performance in Taiwanese Biotech Industry : Evidence from Simultaneous Equations Model." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cj82v3.
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碩士中國文化大學
會計學系
105
Biotechnology Industry has been known as star industry in the twenty-first century. In recent years, the Taiwanese government is also listed the biotechnology industry as one of the key national development objectives. Nowadays, the companies want to get a head start in the same industry must lead the industry in research and development to create the maximum profit thereby facilitate enhance corporate value. In addition, a number of listed companies suspected of misappropriating the company's assets to support the market, regardless of ownership and management rights, thereby enabling enterprises to enter the fate of bankruptcy, so the Government of Taiwan Stock Exchange and the securities counter trading center in the October 4, 2002 announcement " Listed on the OTC corporate governance code of practice, "and guide the domestic listed companies to strengthen corporate governance OTC to enhance Taiwan corporate performance and global competitiveness. In this paper, we use the simultaneous equations to study the relationship between corporate governance, R & D expenditure and corporate performance, and use Tobin's q and ROA as indicators to measure the performance of the companies listed in OTC market from 2010 to 2014. The results show that Tobin's q is positively correlated with R & D expenditure, and the higher the R & D expenditure is, the higher the relative performance will be. While ROA and R & D expenditure was negatively significant relationship. In addition, the corporate governance and R & D expenditure does not reach a significant correlation; and corporate performance and corporate governance were significantly correlated. Key words: corporate governance, R & D expenditure, firm performance, Taiwanese biotechnology industry