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Journal articles on the topic 'Simultaneous interpreters'
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1
Korpal, Paweł, and Aleksandra Jasielska. "Investigating interpreters’ empathy." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 31, no. 1 (2018): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.17123.kor.
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Abstract An experimental study was conducted to examine whether simultaneous interpreters are affected by the speaker’s emotions. To this end, two measures of emotion were used: galvanic skin response (GSR) as a marker of emotional arousal, and SUPIN – the Polish adaptation of PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). A group of interpreters with Polish as their A language and English as their B language (N = 20) took part in the experiment. They were asked to simultaneously interpret two speeches (recordings accompanied by video) from Polish into English: a neutral speech and an emotional speech. The results show that the interpreters are indeed affected by the speaker’s emotions, which is reflected in both a greater galvanic skin response and higher SUPIN scores for the emotional speech, when compared to the neutral speech and baseline values. The results may shed new light on the importance of emotion processing in simultaneous interpreting.
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Kim, Daejin, and Hyang-Ok Lim. "Creativity and simultaneous interpretation—the two shall never meet?" International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 6 (2018): 1316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918786472.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study examines the cognitive nature of Korean–English conference interpreters by analyzing the creativity scores of professional interpreters and interpreter students and exploring the cause of the differences between them. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) on professional interpreters and interpreter students. The main scores and sub scores of the two groups were compared and analyzed. The quantitative results were complemented by selective in-depth interviews. Data and analysis: Forty-five subjects (21 professional interpreters and 24 interpreter students) participated in the study. The data from the TTCT main and subordinate scores were obtained. An independent t-test between the two groups was conducted. The creative style scores were compared to explain the differences between the two groups. Findings/conclusions: Contrary to our expectations, the creative verbal scores of the professional interpreters were significantly lower than the interpreter students’ scores. We also found other distinct differences between the two groups regarding several aspects of creativity including styles. We speculate that the different creative scores may reflect the impact that many years of professional interpretation experience have had on the cognition of the conference interpreters. Originality: The current study is a first attempt to explore the creative scores of professional interpreters and interpreter students with an analysis of the implications of the cognitive aspects of Korean–English conference interpreters. Significance/implications: Our study suggests that the difference in the creative scores of professional interpreters and interpreter students may be key to understanding the unique cognitive features of Korean–English conference interpreters. We surmise that the involvement of particular functions of the brain together with the professional experience of the interpreters caused the difference.
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Moser-Mercer, Barbara. "Simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 5, no. 2 (2000): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.5.2.03mos.
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Over the past five years our research has focused on cognitive issues in simultaneous interpreting: the role of working memory, robustness of cognitive processes, simultaneity of language processes, and the emerging role of long-term working memory (LT-WM) in the development of expertise in interpreting. With new technologies playing an increasingly important role in the interpreter’s work environment and with speaking speeds far exceeding the recommended 120 words per minute we need to ask ourselves just how adaptable an interpreter’s cognitive functions are to what is widely perceived as “cognitive overload”. This contribution will discuss several studies on various aspects of cognitive functioning in simultaneous interpreters and try to shed some light on the “plasticity” of the interpreter’s “brain” and on how a professional interpreter who has achieved a high level of expertise can actually circumvent a number of common cognitive constraints. This contribution argues, however, that even at the highest level of skill constraints do operate and interfere with high-quality performance.
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Van Besien, Fred, and Chris Meuleman. "Style Differences among Simultaneous Interpreters." Translator 14, no. 1 (2008): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2008.10799252.
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Lee, Taehyung. "A Comparison of Simultaneous Interpretation and Delayed Simultaneous Interpretation from English into Korean*." Meta 51, no. 2 (2006): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013251ar.
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Abstract This article examines real-time simultaneous interpretation (SI) and delayed SI, recorded speeches broadcast on TV through SI. The results showed that interpreters’ factors in two modes of SI had a high correlation thus showing that interpreters use a similar strategy when the speakers’ variables are identical. As expected, the quality of delayed SI was higher than that of live SI due to longer pauses, EVS and Korean sentences in live SI than those of delayed SI. Thus it was found that the quality of incoming sentences deteriorates when interpreters spend more time than allowed on a sentence. Interpreters in delayed SI, thanks to their strong sense of anticipation, produced a high quality SI by following the proper strategy. This implies that securing scripts in advance or obtaining a detailed outline by the interpreter is key to ensuring a quality SI.
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Bakti, Mária, and Judit Bóna. "Self-monitoring processes in simultaneous interpreting." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 14, no. 2 (2016): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.14.2.02bak.
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Abstract In psycholinguistics there is an agreement that self-monitoring is part of the speech production system, it serves the repair of speech errors and disfluencies occurring during the process of speech production. During simultaneous interpreting, where source language speech perception and target language speech production happen simultaneously, the analysis of self-monitoring is of particular importance. In our study we compare self-monitoring processes in the target language texts, interpreted from English into Hungarian, of professional interpreters and trainee interpreters. We examine the frequency of incidence of error – type disfluencies, the editing phase of self-repairs, the frequency of incidence of disfluencies, and the editing phases of repetitions and restarts. Although our data have revealed considerable individual differences between interpreters, some tendencies can be detected. In general, differences can be detected in self-monitoring between professional and trainee interpreters. When compared to data about self-monitoring processes in spontaneous, monolingual Hungarian speech, we can state that there were far fewer phenomena connected to self-monitoring in the target language output of simultaneous interpreters than in monolingual Hungarian texts.
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Jiang, Hong. "The interpreter’s glossary in simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 15, no. 1 (2013): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.15.1.04jia.
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The glossary is considered an important, if not indispensable, component in the professional practice of interpreting. However, insufficient attention has been given to it in interpreting studies. This research project aims to study the general practice of professional interpreters in relation to the glossary. Two surveys were conducted, in 2010: a pilot study, using a printed questionnaire distributed to interpreters at a UN conference, followed by a large-scale survey which was conducted through an online survey service and completed by nearly 500 interpreters (mostly AIIC members). Results of both surveys are discussed, and a comparison is made between staff and freelance interpreters. These findings should contribute to a better understanding of how professional interpreters prepare, manage and use glossaries. The study could also have useful implications for training, both for interpreting students and for qualified interpreters.
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Lambert, Sylvie. "The Effect of Ear of Information Reception on the Proficiency of Simultaneous Interpretation." Meta 38, no. 2 (2002): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003385ar.
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Abstract In an attempt to bring together information about simultaneous interpretation, on the one hand, and cerebral dominance, on the other, this study examines the relative proficiency of interpreters when processing information received through one ear or the other as opposed to two ears. Eighteen subjects (professional interpreters and interpretation students) simultaneously interpreted spoken passages from L2 to Ll: one passage was presented to the interpreters' left ear, one to their right ear, and one to both ears. Results indicated that interpreters performed significantly better when the message was presented to one ear or the other rather than to both ears. Furthermore, there was evidence suggesting that the left-ear-to-right-hemisphere route yielded the best performance. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the tasks involved during simultaneous interpretation as well as cerebral dominance among bilingual individuals.
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He, Yan, and Yinying Hu. "Functional Connectivity Signatures Underlying Simultaneous Language Translation in Interpreters and Non-Interpreters of Mandarin and English: An fNIRS Study." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020273.
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Recent neuroimaging research has suggested that interpreters and non-interpreters elicit different brain activation patterns during simultaneous language translation. However, whether these two groups have different functional connectivity during such a task, and how the neural coupling is among brain subregions, are still not well understood. In this study, we recruited Mandarin (L1)/English (L2) interpreters and non-interpreter bilinguals, whom we asked to perform simultaneous language translation and reading tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to collect cortical brain data for participants during each task, using 68 channels that covered the prefrontal cortex and the bilateral perisylvian regions. Our findings revealed both interpreter and non-interpreter groups recruited the right dorsolateral prefrontal hub when completing the simultaneous language translation tasks. We also found different functional connectivity between the groups. The interpreter group was characterized by information exchange between the frontal cortex and Wernicke’s area. In comparison, the non-interpreter group revealed neural coupling between the frontal cortex and Broca’s area. These findings indicate expertise modulates functional connectivity, possibly because of more developed cognitive skills associated with executive functions in interpreters.
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Petite, Christelle. "Evidence of repair mechanisms in simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, no. 1 (2005): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.1.03pet.
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This paper investigates the phenomenon of repairs in simultaneous interpreting. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the paper combines research carried out in psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics on speech production with studies in the pragmatics of speech reception. A principally qualitative method is used in the analysis of a trilingual corpus (English/French/German) of eight professional conference interpreters recorded at four different international conferences. This paper presents eight examples from English into two different A languages: French (5 examples) and German (3 examples). Levelt’s (1983, 1989) nomenclature of repairs in spontaneous speech is slightly amended in order to take the simultaneous interpreting process into account. The results show that interpreters not only repair errors, but take time to attend to their outputs for different reasons. The limited quantitative analysis shows a discrepancy between interpreters. The various dimensions of repair mechanisms highlighted in this paper give us some insights into the interpreter’s mind at work, or the interpreter’s deployment of processing capacities and decision-making processes.
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Barghout, Alma, Lucía Ruiz Rosendo, and Mónica Varela García. "The influence of speed on omissions in simultaneous interpretation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 3 (2015): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.3.01bar.
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Simultaneous interpreting (SI) is a highly complex cognitive process which aims to deliver a complete and accurate rendition of the original message in real time. However, there is a myriad of factors that can influence the process, speed being one of the factors most frequently put forward by practising interpreters as a major challenge. Against this background, we, who are professional interpreters at the United Nations and in the private market, and have observed that speed has become an increasingly present challenge in our work, have carried out an experimental study with the aim of elucidating one of the strategies that expert interpreters resort to when confronted with different speed rates, namely the omission of redundant information. Ten professional interpreters from the United Nations were asked to simultaneously interpret three speeches, which were written to be read and were of similar lexical density, at different speeds. The findings indicate that at higher speeds interpreters omit more redundant information, and it would appear that omission is a strategy the interpreter resorts to for coping with speed.
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Stromberg, Wayne H., and Gerald L. Head. "Court Interpreter Training in the Language Laboratory." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 18, no. 2 (2019): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v18i2.9158.
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Demographic studies and statistics from state and federal courts indicate agrowing need for Spanish-English court interpreters with special training in consecutiveand simultaneous court interpretation. The authors conducted a survey of 466 ofCalifornia's Spanish-English court interpreters to determine what the Spanish-Englishcourt interpreter's strongest skills needs are. Survey results are reported in this article,and the five strongest skills training needs are identified. The authors indicate how thelanguage laboratory may efficiently be used to develop and enhance these five skillsand how it may best serve a court interpreter training program. Emphasis is onapplying the work of G.A. Miller and the training techniques of Robert Ingram toSpanish-English court interpreter training.
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Nilsson, Anna-Lena. "Expressing time through space." Signed Language Interpreting and Translation 13, no. 1 (2018): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.00002.nil.
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Abstract This study describes how temporal discourse content is expressed in signing space in Swedish Sign Language (SSL) and identifies and describes the differences between L1- and L2-interpreters’ signed target language output. The study found that L1-interpreters systematically use complex simultaneous combinations of lexical signs and various hand, arm and body movements on and along time lines. The L2-interpreters stand more still, and their use of body movements differs from that of the L1-interpreters. Though the L2-interpreters in the study often succeed in showing that two or more entities/events are separate, they are less successful in showing the more specific, temporal and/or other, relationship(s) between them. This crucial aspect of idiomatic signed language production, therefore, should be included in interpreter training to improve the quality of interpreted target language output.
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YUDES, CAROLINA, PEDRO MACIZO, LUIS MORALES, and M. TERESA BAJO. "Comprehension and error monitoring in simultaneous interpreters." Applied Psycholinguistics 34, no. 5 (2012): 1039–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000112.
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ABSTRACTIn the current study we explored lexical, syntactic, and semantic processes during text comprehension in English monolinguals and Spanish/English (first language/second language) bilinguals with different experience in interpreting (nontrained bilinguals, interpreting students and professional interpreters). The participants performed an error-detection task in which they read English texts and tried to identify lexical, syntactic, and semantic errors embedded in texts. After reading, global comprehension of the texts was assessed by means of a sentence verification task and open/ended questionnaire. The results showed that the interpreters detected more syntactic and semantic errors than monolinguals, nontrained bilinguals and interpreting students. They also had better global comprehension. We discussed the consequences of bilingualism, working memory capacity, and training in interpreting on text comprehension.
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Fabbro, F., and V. Daro. "Delayed Auditory Feedback in Polyglot Simultaneous Interpreters." Brain and Language 48, no. 3 (1995): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brln.1995.1013.
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Hamidi, Miriam, and Franz Pöchhacker. "Simultaneous Consecutive Interpreting: A New Technique Put to the Test." Meta 52, no. 2 (2007): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016070ar.
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Abstract The paper reports a small-scale experimental study to test the viability or even superiority of technology-assisted consecutive interpreting as a new working method for conference interpreters. In this technique, pioneered in 1999 by an EU staff interpreter, a digital voice recorder is used to record the original speech which the interpreter then plays back into earphones and renders in the simultaneous mode. The performances of three experienced professional interpreters (French-German) in the conventional consecutive and the ‘simultaneous consecutive’ mode were assessed and compared on the basis of transcript analysis, self-assessment and audience response. Our findings suggest that simultaneous consecutive permits enhanced interpreting performances, as reflected in more fluent delivery, closer source–target correspondence, and fewer prosodic deviations. Though the interpreters’ personal working experience and preferences appeared to have a significant influence on their performance, all three subjects easily adopted the technology-assisted interpreting mode and considered it a viable technique.
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SUI, LONGJIAO, HAIDEE KRUGER, and HELEN SLATYER. "The central processing bottleneck during word production: Comparing simultaneous interpreters, bilinguals and monolinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 5 (2018): 968–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000871.
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Are simultaneous interpreters subject to the central processing bottleneck, which can postpone the reaction time and impair the performance of another concurrent task, during word production? Moreover, is there any difference between interpreters, bilinguals and monolinguals in the word production bottleneck? In this study, professional simultaneous interpreters, proficient bilinguals and monolinguals performed a dual task consisting of a picture naming task in sentence context (Task 1) and a pitch tone discrimination task (Task 2). The results show that interpreters are also subject to the central processing bottleneck during word production, and there is no significant difference between the three groups in the duration of the word production bottleneck. Unexpected differences in performance were found between English–Asian language and English–European language pairs within the interpreter group, but not within the bilingual group, showing that European-language interpreters were as fast as monolinguals in lexical access, and faster than Asian-language interpreters and bilinguals.
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Wang, Jihong, and Jemina Napier. "Directionality in Signed Language Interpreting." Meta 60, no. 3 (2016): 518–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036141ar.
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This mixed methods study investigated the effects of directionality (language direction) and age of signed language acquisition on the simultaneous interpreting performance of professional English/Auslan (Australian Sign Language) interpreters, who comprised native signers and non-native signers. Each participant interpreted presentations simultaneously from English into Auslan, and vice versa, with each task followed by a brief semi-structured interview. Unlike a similar study, results reveal no significant differences between the native signers’ English-to-Auslan simultaneous interpreting performance and their Auslan-to-English simultaneous interpreting performance, suggesting that balanced bilingual interpreters are free from the rule of directionality. Although this finding held true for the non-native signers, results indicate a need for the non-native signers to continue to enhance their signed language (L2) competence. Furthermore, although the native signers were similar to the non-native signers in overall simultaneous interpreting performance in each language direction, the native signers were significantly superior to the non-native signers in both the target text features and delivery features of English-to-Auslan simultaneous interpreting performance. These findings also suggest that the non-native signers need to further improve their signed language (L2) proficiency. Nevertheless, an analysis of the qualitative interview data reveals that the professional interpreters perceived distinct challenges that were unique to each language direction.
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BABCOCK, LAURA, and ANTONINO VALLESI. "Are simultaneous interpreters expert bilinguals, unique bilinguals, or both?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 2 (2015): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000735.
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Simultaneous interpretation is a cognitively demanding process that requires a high level of language management. Previous studies on bilinguals have suggested that extensive practice managing two languages leads to enhancements in cognitive control. Thus, interpreters may be expected to show benefits beyond those seen in bilinguals, either as an extension of previously-seen benefits or in areas specific to interpretation. The present study examined professional interpreters (N = 23) and matched multilinguals (N = 21) on memory tests, the color-word Stroop task, the Attention Network Test, and a non-linguistic task-switching paradigm. The interpreters did not show advantages in conflict resolution or switching cost where bilingual benefits have been noted. However, an interpretation-specific advantage emerged on the mixing cost in the task-switching paradigm. Additionally, the interpreters had larger verbal and spatial memory spans. Interpreters do not continue to garner benefits from bilingualism, but they do appear to possess benefits specific to their experience with simultaneous interpretation.
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Amelina, Svitlana, Rostyslav Tarasenko, Serhiy Semerikov, Vasyl Shynkaruk, and Jan Čapek. "Training techniques in the education of simultaneous interpreters using specialised equipment." SHS Web of Conferences 142 (2022): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214203002.
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The article deals with the search for ways to improve the training of simultaneous interpreters in accordance with modern requirements for their professional activities. It has been suggested that special training should be incorporated into the training of these professionals to develop and improve a range of specific abilities, skills and attitudes. They are classified into five groups (linguistic, cognitive, psychological, physical, technical). Particular attention is paid to the technological support for the work of the simultaneous interpreters. A training programme for simultaneous interpreters has been developed and its effectiveness has been tested. It is proposed to conduct training sessions under the modelling of real working conditions of simultaneous interpreters.
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Zwischenberger, Cornelia. "Simultaneous Conference Interpreting and a Supernorm That Governs It All." Meta 60, no. 1 (2015): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032401ar.
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The integration of the concept of “social norm” into research on conference interpreting dates back to the late 1980s (Shlesinger 1989). This paper will show that conference interpreting is governed by role-related normative expectations which ultimately can all be traced back to the metaphoric concept of interpreters as conduits. This metaphoric concept that can be found in so many of the extratextual (re)sources on conference interpreting (Toury 1995) is extremely binding for conference interpreters and can therefore be regarded as an omnipotent norm – a supernorm that governs it all. Not only professional bodies such as the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC), probably the most influential and powerful norm-setting authority in the field, but also individual authoritative personalities play a key role in promoting this supernorm. It is only in recent years that this supernorm, which demands that interpreters passively channel a message from one side or party to the other and thus tries to prevent an interpreter’s agency, has been challenged by empirical research (Angelelli 2004; Diriker 2004; Zwischenberger 2013). The discussion on norms in simultaneous conference interpreting will be enhanced by some selected findings of a web-based survey which was conducted among AIIC members. The survey’s main objective was to find out whether and to what degree professional conference interpreters adhere to the supernorm so strongly advocated by their professional body.
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Macnamara, Brooke N., Adam B. Moore, Judy A. Kegl, and Andrew R. A. Conway. "Domain-general cognitive abilities and simultaneous interpreting skill." Aptitude for Interpreting 13, no. 1 (2011): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.13.1.08mac.
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This exploratory study examined domain-general cognitive abilities that may serve as aptitudes for interpreting skill by comparing highly skilled sign language interpreters (those considered competent in most interpreting situations) and less skilled sign language interpreters (those considered less than competent in most interpreting situations) on various measures. Specifically, the current study examined the feasibility of predicting interpreter skill level based only on a variety of cognitive abilities and personality traits. We collected data on several cognitive measures, including processing speed, psychomotor speed, cognitive control and task switching ability, fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and mental flexibility, as well as several personality measures, including risk-taking orientation and emotion-cognition integration style, and intrinsic motivation to engage in complex cognitive tasks. Significant differences emerged between the two groups on both cognitive and personality measures suggesting that a combination of stable domain-general cognitive abilities and personality traits may be responsible for differentiating highly skilled from less skilled interpreters and may therefore be predictive of individuals’ future interpreting effectiveness and skill level.
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Al-Maryani, Jasim. "Investigating the Gap between Simultaneous Interpreter Training and Iraqi Market Needs." لارك 3, no. 34 (2019): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol3.iss34.1102.
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AbstractAfter the war in 2003, interpreting became one of the most prominent professions in Iraq. Huge numbers of interpreters were recruited to facilitate communication between military troops and reconstruction international corporations on the one hand and the Iraqi public on the other. Moreover, there was a gradual high demand for interpreters in the market to cater for the needs of the rapidly increasing foreign direct investment in many fields such as the oil industry. However, interpreter training programmes offered by Iraqi universities and several independent institutions remain as poorly designed as they have always been: they fail to meet the requirements of such social and global changes. The present study evaluates simultaneous interpreting training in Iraq. It calls for the revision, renewal, and continuous update of curricula and teaching methodology to suit the critical challenges posed by the digital modern market. It also suggests a number of possible workable solutions to improve interpreter training such as devoting well-trained teaching staff, offering specialized training programmes for the would-be interpreters, raise programme standards and the integration of technology into teaching.
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Stavrakaki, Stavroula, Kalliopi Megari, Mary H. Kosmidis, Maria Apostolidou, and Eleni Takou. "Working memory and verbal fluency in simultaneous interpreters." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2012): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2012.667068.
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Elmer, S., M. Meyer, and L. Jaencke. "Brain Responses during Lexical Processing in Simultaneous Interpreters." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71741-0.
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Gieshoff, Anne Catherine. "The impact of visible lip movements on silent pauses in simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 23, no. 2 (2021): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00061.gie.
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Abstract Simultaneous interpreting requires interpreters to listen to a source text while producing the target text in a second language. In addition, the interpreter needs to process various types of visual input, which may further increase the already high cognitive load. A study with 14 students of interpreting was conducted to investigate the impact of a speaker’s visible lip movements on cognitive load in simultaneous interpreting by analysing the duration of silent pauses in the target texts. Background noise masking the source speech was introduced as a control condition for cognitive load. Silent pause durations were shorter when interpreters saw the speaker’s lip movements, which indicates that interpreters benefitted from visual input. Furthermore, silent pause durations were longer with noise, which suggests that comparative silent pause durations can indicate changes in cognitive load.
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Darò, Valeria, Sylvie Lambert, and Franco Fabbro. "Conscious monitoring of attention during simultaneous interpretation." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 1, no. 1 (1996): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.1.1.06dar.
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This study addresses for the first time on an experimental level the question of whether different modalities of conscious monitoring of attention (normal condition, attention focalization on the input, attention focalization on the output, condition with two voices) may affect the number and the type of mistakes made by simultaneous interpreters in different situations. The major results of the study are the following: (i) While the overall number of mistakes is influenced either by the translation direction, or by any of the four tested attention focalization modalities, a particular type of mistakes, i.e. those leading to loss of information, occur more often during active SI (from L1 into L2, i.e. from A to B) of difficult texts; (ii) during passive SI of difficult texts, missing information mistake are less frequent when interpreters listen to the incoming message with their left ear only; (iii) in active SI of difficult texts, attention should not be focussed on the incoming message in particular, so as to avoid so-called added mistakes. These results show that during simultaneous interpretation, conscious attention focalization on the input or on the output does not influence the interpreter's overall performance, however with an important exception: during active interpretation it could be useful for interpreters to focus their attention on the output, since this may help them to reduce in particular false starts, pauses, hesitations, corrections, additions and morphosyntactic mistakes.
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Bac, Nguyen Ninh. "REASONS FOR USING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION TRANSFERS AS PERCEIVED BY SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETERS." VNU Journal of Foreign Studies 36, no. 6 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4627.
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This research aimed to understand the possible reasons for the use of intercultural communication (ICC) transfers from the perspective of professional simultaneous interpreters. Based on the ICC transfers suggested by Nguyen Quang (2014), the researcher conducted a focus group interview (FGI) to collect data and analysed it inductively. Seven reasons were found for the use of ICC transfers, categorized into two themes: Enhancing Audience’s Comfortability (Theme 1) and Enhancing Interpreter’s Comfortability (Theme 2). In general, this means using ICC transfers in particular, having intercultural competence (IC) in general, is beneficial not only to the audience, but also to the interpreters themselves.
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav, Svitlana Amelina, Serhiy Semerikov, and Liying Shen. "Computer-assisted interpreting systems in the education of simultaneous interpreters." SHS Web of Conferences 142 (2022): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214203003.
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The article deals with the analysis of the potential of existing terminology support systems for simultaneous interpreting and the experience of their use in universities. Based on the study the possibilities of their use in the educational process of domestic institutions of higher education in the training of interpreters were identified. It is proposed to choose the software products InterpretBank, Interplex, Interpreter’s Help for training simultaneous interpreters. It has been found that the proposed programmes contribute to the students’ ability to create their own glossaries on specific subjects, fill them in in different ways and use them directly when interpreting. The feasibility of practising CAI tools in a specialised simultaneous interpreting laboratory has been proved.
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Chmiel, Agnieszka, Przemysław Janikowski, and Agnieszka Lijewska. "Multimodal processing in simultaneous interpreting with text." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32, no. 1 (2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.18157.chm.
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Abstract The present study focuses on (in)congruence of input between the visual and the auditory modality in simultaneous interpreting with text. We asked twenty-four professional conference interpreters to simultaneously interpret an aurally and visually presented text with controlled incongruences in three categories (numbers, names and control words), while measuring interpreting accuracy and eye movements. The results provide evidence for the dominance of the visual modality, which goes against the professional standard of following the auditory modality in the case of incongruence. Numbers enjoyed the greatest accuracy across conditions possibly due to simple cross-language semantic mappings. We found no evidence for a facilitation effect for congruent items, and identified an impeding effect of the presence of the visual text for incongruent items. These results might be interpreted either as evidence for the Colavita effect (in which visual stimuli take precedence over auditory ones) or as strategic behaviour applied by professional interpreters to avoid risk.
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Russo, Mariachiara. "Simultaneous film interpreting and users’ feedback." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, no. 1 (2005): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.1.02rus.
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Simultaneous film interpreting is a mode of screen language transfer often required of professional interpreters in Italy for international film festivals. The paper briefly discusses similarities and dissimilarities between film interpreting and conference interpreting, subtitling and dubbing. It focuses on interpreting quality evaluation, discussing results of questionnaires distributed to users watching films interpreted by professionals and students. Comparisons are drawn with the results of published surveys on users’ preferences for television and conference interpreting.
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Chincotta, Dino, and Geoffrey Underwood. "Simultaneous interpreters and the effect of concurrent articulation on immediate memory." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 3, no. 1 (1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.3.1.01chi.
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According to working memory theory (e.g., Baddeley, 1990), bilingual digit span is mediated by a variation in speech rate between the languages. This view is supported by findings that demonstrate the elimination of the bilingual digit span effect under concurrent articulation. The present study addressed the question as to how experienced simultaneous interpreters, experts in processing information whilst articulating a translation in a target language, cope with the deleterious effects of articulatory. suppression. Bilingual digit span with and without articulatory suppression was compared between experienced simultaneous interpreters fluent in Finnish and English and a control group consisting of Finnish undergraduates majoring in English. The results showed that articulatory suppression occasioned a decrement in digit span for both groups. Articulatory suppression eliminated the bilingual digit span effect for controls, whereas the language difference was preserved for the simultaneous interpreters. The present findings highlighted the potential for further research that examines memory performance by simultaneous interpreters under secondary task loadings as a means of extending current models of human information processing.
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Franțescu, Oana-Maria. "Error Analysis in the Formal Training for Simultaneous Interpreting." Linguaculture 11, no. 1 (2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2020-1-0163.
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Training interpreters is conventionally understood as predominantly ensuring that they have a sufficient amount of practice in specially equipped laboratories and some theoretical knowledge from the field of translation studies. However, despite the established existence of quality standards for interpreters and their work, very little can be standardized in what concerns their training due to the numerous levels of difference between the languages in which interpretars operate. This paper aims to explore the errors occuring in the basic training of third-year students in simultaneous interpreting by using a selected sample of recorded and scripted speeches delivered in class in the original (Source Language) and Target Language versions. The study focuses on the interpreting issues occuring between English and Romanian and explores the factors these issues originate from.
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Al-Khanji, Raja, Said El-Shiyab, and Riyadh Hussein. "On the Use of Compensatory Strategies in Simultaneous Interpretation." Meta 45, no. 3 (2002): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001873ar.
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Abstract Weller (1990) believes that Krashen's concept of "comprehensible input" can play a key role in the simultaneous interpretation process even though this concept is most frequently cited in relation to second and foreign language learning. The "comprehensible input" concept is referred to here as the spoken or written pieces of information that are understood and interpreted by the hearer. Such information comes in the form of words, sentences, utterances, or even paragraphs.Based on Weller's recommendation, Krashen's concept is used as a framework for this study to analyze compensatory strategies employed by a small group of Jordanian interpreters who worked for an American television network during the Gulf War.This paper first examines the type of input that causes problems for interpreters.Second, it examines the strategies these interpreters use to compensate for difficult or incomprehensible input. The findings of the study detected five types of compensatory strategies that were employed by four interpreters. These strategies were grouped into two general types: achievement and reduction. These are discussed with recommendations at the end in the hope of providing more insight into how human beings process language under conditions of stress.
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Chang, Chia-chien, and Diane L. Schallert. "The impact of directionality on Chinese/English simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 9, no. 2 (2007): 137–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.9.2.02cha.
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This paper addresses the issue of directionality in simultaneous interpreting by exploring professional Chinese/English interpreters’ experience of simultaneous interpreting, focusing specifically on the impact of language direction on their choice of strategies. Ten professional interpreters interpreted two speeches from English into Mandarin Chinese, and two speeches from Mandarin Chinese into English, each followed by a stimulated retrospective interview. The processes which seemed to be at work in their simultaneous interpreting were explored through a qualitative analysis of their retrospections, and a model was constructed on the role of professional practitioners’ use of strategies in each of the two directions. The results suggest that professional interpreters who must regularly work in both directions may develop strategic approaches to cope with the different demands of A-to-B and B-to-A interpreting. The differences seem to be a result not only of the asymmetry between their A- and B-language proficiency, but also of the strategies available to them, their metacognitive awareness of the limits of their language abilities, their audience’s expectations and other norms they believe apply to their performance, as well as the discourse structures of their working languages.
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Meuleman, Chris, and Fred Van Besien. "Coping with extreme speech conditions in simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 11, no. 1 (2009): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.11.1.03meu.
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This study addresses the strategies used by simultaneous interpreters when confronted with syntactically complex sentences and with a high speed of delivery. The material consists of recordings of fifteen professional interpreters rendering two passages (one with a complex sentence structure, the other with a high speed of delivery) from French into Dutch. Most, but not all, interpreters managed to produce an acceptable translation. In the case of the complex passage, most interpreters opted for a segmentation strategy, while a few applied a tailing strategy. In the case of the high delivery speed, most opted for a tailing strategy, but a few applied segmentation.
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Al-Rubai'i, Alya' M. H. Ahmad. "The effect of word order differences on English-into-Arabic simultaneous interpreters’ performance." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, no. 3 (2004): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.3.04alr.
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Word order differences between English and Arabic represent one of the problems faced by English-into-Arabic simultaneous interpreters. This paper investigates this problem by testing the effect of six problematic English linear arrangements on the accuracy of performance of interpreters in three text types: the expressive, informative and vocative. These constructions are considered problematic because they contain key words which force the interpreter to lag too far behind the speaker before they are rendered into Arabic. This lagging behind entails a risk of short-term memory overload and consequently affects performance. The assumption has been verified and departures in the form of omissions and errors have been identified in the interpreters’ performance. But the interpreters resorted to a tactic that helped them to stay as close as possible to the speaker, viz., tracking, particularly in the rendition of the vocative passage. However, this tactic was not always manipulated successfully due to inappropriate handling or to the fact that the construction itself did not lend itself to tracking. It has also been found that departures are higher in the rendition of the expressive and informative passages than the vocative passage.
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Lambert, Sylvie. "Simultaneous interpreters: One ear may be better than two." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 2, no. 1 (1989): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037040ar.
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Köpke, Barbara, and Teresa M. Signorelli. "Methodological aspects of working memory assessment in simultaneous interpreters." International Journal of Bilingualism 16, no. 2 (2011): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006911402981.
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Proverbio, Alice Mado, Giuliana Leoni, and Alberto Zani. "Language switching mechanisms in simultaneous interpreters: an ERP study." Neuropsychologia 42, no. 12 (2004): 1636–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.013.
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Hamers, Josiane F., Sylvie Lemieux, and Sylvie Lambert. "Does Early Bilingual Acquisition Affect Hemispheric Preferences during Simultaneous Interpretation?" Meta 47, no. 4 (2004): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008038ar.
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Abstract Based on data from an earlier study (Lambert 1993), and on a propositional approach developed by Lemieux (1995), who refined quality of interpretation measurements sufficiently to determine a right-ear superiority at the beginning of a message and a left-ear superiority at the end of a message, the present study went one step further to examine the role played by experience, age and age of bilinguality, all possible factors influencing the hemispheric control of interpretation. Results indicated that the number of years of experience influences the quality of interpretation in that the more experienced interpreters interpreted better, regardless of ear of input. But overall results point to the possibility that hemispheric preferences for linguistic analysis might be much more under an interpreter’s voluntary control than first anticipated.
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van der Linden, C. M. "Conferentietolken In Theorie En Praktijk." Vertalen in onderwijs en beroep 45 (January 1, 1993): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.45.05lin.
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Conference interpreting is a relatively recent and highly specialized branch of one of the oldest professions in human civilization. Since its inception at the Peace Conference of Versailles the profession has rapidly expanded: an ever increasing number of international and private organizations require interpreters for their meetings. Two main modes of interpreting are currently in use: consecutive and simultaneous interpretation. In consecutive interpretation speakers can talk freely for about 5 minutes and the interpreter gives a full rendering of what has been said after the speaker has finished. Simultaneous interpretation requires a technical installation comprising soundproof booths, headsets and microphones which enables interpreters to give a running interpretation. Both are complex techniques: all elements of the reception-assimilation-reproduction sequence need to be perfectly mastered. At the moment there are relatively few qualified professional conference interpreters. AIIC (Association Internationale d'Interprètes de Conférence), the only world-wide association of professional Conference interpreters, has around 2000 members in 68 countries. The Dutch language has acquired international status in the institutions of the European Community. Even today most Dutch interpreters work for the EC. Their professional outlook therefore depends on how the position of Dutch within the EC evolves.
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Sibul, Karin. "Glimpses Into the History of Interlingual Simultaneous Theater Interpreting in Estonia." Journal of Audiovisual Translation 3, no. 2 (2020): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47476/jat.v3i2.2020.121.
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This paper examines the practice of simultaneous interpretation of theater performances, in particular between Estonian and Russian, in Estonia over 70 years. This type of interpreting has not received much scholarly attention; rather, studies have mostly focused on the sign language interpretation of theater performances for the deaf community. I conducted interdisciplinary historical research relying on the oral history method to help preserve the fast-disappearing oral heritage of theater interpreting. This paper distinguishes between two periods in theater interpreting in Estonia, as determined by two drastically different sociopolitical periods in Estonia’s history. Drawing upon a total of 88 interviews with interpreters, people who recruited interpreters, and audience members, I identified and interviewed a total of 15 theater interpreters. I also analysed newspaper articles and performance schedules, which usually yielded single-word mentions of interpretation having taken place. This paper examines answers to the questions of who interpreted what, how, and when, and reaches the conclusion that theater interpreting can be a tool to bridge a gap between two communities as well as to facilitate integration in the same cultural space.
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Li, Tianyun, and Bicheng Fan. "Attention-Sharing Initiative of Multimodal Processing in Simultaneous Interpreting." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 2 (2020): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.20200701.oa4.
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This study sets out to describe simultaneous interpreters' attention-sharing initiatives when exposed under input from both videotaped speech recording and real-time transcriptions. Separation of mental energy in acquiring visual input accords with the human brain's statistic optimization principle where the same property of an object is presented through diverse fashions. In examining professional interpreters' initiatives, the authors invited five professional English-Chinese conference interpreters to simultaneously interpret a videotaped speech with real-time captions generated by speech recognition engine while meanwhile monitoring their eye movements. The results indicate the professional interpreters' preferences in referring to visually presented captions along with the speaker's facial expressions, where low-frequency words, proper names, and numbers gained greater attention than words with higher frequency. This phenomenon might be explained by the working memory theory in which the central executive enables redundancy gains retrieved from dual-channel information.
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Islamovich, Sayfullaev Anvar. "Teaching Interpreting: Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature Experience." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 12 (2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.12.7.
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The purpose of this study is to suggest some effective ways of training interpreters and to share the experience of Tashkent state university of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi with the same purpose of interpreter training. More specifically, it deals with theoretical views of different scholars about simultaneous interpreting to understand what actions the process of simultaneous interpreting involves and what skills a person is required to have in order to carry out this task. Training simultaneous interpreting is very complicated and complex task because it involves a great number of objectives to be realized. The concern of our investigation is the methods of teaching interpreting, the ways to make interpreter training i more effective and efficient. The reason why we undertook this research is that even though a lot have been done in this field of study by many scholars of the world, the problems specific to training interpreters in such language pair as Uzbek- English has still remained untouched. The article shares experiences of university staff about linguistic competency of interpreters, their aptitude to work in stressful settings, deep and well-structured background knowledge, ability to anticipate the words to be used in phrases, and their ability to apply various techniques that help them in interpreting task as their career. After the establishment of Tashkent state University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navai in 2016, professor Sh.S. Sirojiddinov, its rector, and specialists interpreters training took the course towards developing special programs targeting at holding the conference for training interpreters becoming qualified in translating from Uzbek into English and vice versa. The President of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev considered this program as one of the priority tasks demanded for the administration and staff of university administrators and staff. The decision was motivated by the shortage of highly qualified interpreters who can interpret from Uzbek into English and from English into Uzbek during international conferences and forums.
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Ahn, In-Kyoung. "Pedagogical Considerations of Perspective Coherence Problems in Simultaneous Interpreting as a Result of Linguistic Structure, Illustrated by German-Korean Examples1." Volet interprétation 50, no. 2 (2005): 696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011012ar.
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Abstract In simultaneous interpreting, if the syntactic structure of the source language (hereinafter SL) and the target language (hereinafter TL) are very different, interpreters have to wait before being able to reformulate the SL segments into a meaningful utterance in TL. It is inevitable to adapt the TL structure to that of the SL so as not to unduly increase the memory load and to minimize the pause. While such adaptation facilitates simultaneous interpreting, it results in damaging the perspective coherence of the text. Discovering when such perspective coherence is impaired, and how the problem can be attenuated, will enable interpreters to enhance their performance. This paper analyses the reasons for perspective coherence damage by looking at some examples of German-Korean simultaneous interpreting, and proposes means of reducing the problem which should be sought out and practised with students during interpreter training.
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Lambert, Sylvie. "The Cloze Technique as A Pedagogical Tool for the Training of Translators and Interpreters." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 4, no. 2 (1992): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.4.2.06lam.
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Abstract This article focuses on the versatility of the cloze technique, as a tool not only for measuring second-language proficiency, but also for selecting and training both translators (written cloze) and interpreters (aural cloze). When presented auditorily, the cloze test discriminates pass and fail interpreter students, given the external pacing and speed stress experienced by simultaneous interpreters in real life. The article offers several ways to administer the cloze technique as well as examples of such doctored material.
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Padden, Carol A. "Simultaneous Interpreting across Modalities." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 5, no. 2 (2000): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.5.2.07pad.
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In this paper I examine simultaneous sign language interpreting with a focus on two dimensions: interpreting between languages of different modalities, and interpreting between two different languages. As I discuss, there is interplay between the two: At times, the task at hand is modality-driven, and at other times, structure-driven. When sign language interpreters are at work, the two dimensions come together in interesting ways, and as I will argue, offer ways to understand the task of simultaneous interpreting between spoken languages. I discuss sign language phonology and how it interacts with the constraints of simultaneous interpreting; I also discuss the possibilities of visual and spatial representation in sign languages, and how these present interesting dilemmas for interpreters working under time constraints.
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Gile, Daniel. "Testing the Effort Models' tightrope hypothesis in simultaneous interpreting - A contribution." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 12, no. 23 (2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v12i23.25553.
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In a sample of 10 professionals interpreting the same source speech in the simultaneous mode, errors and omissions (e/o’s) were found to affect different source-speech seg-ments, and a large proportion among them were only made by a small proportion of the subjects. In a repeat performance, there were some new e/o’s in the second version when the same interpreters had interpreted the same segments correctly in the first version. These findings strengthen the Effort Models’ “tightrope hypothesis” that many e/o’s are due not to the intrinsic difficulty of the corresponding source-speech segments, but to the interpreters working close to processing capacity saturation, which makes them vulnerable to even small variations in the available processing capacity for each interpreting component.
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Mohammed, Assist Inst Hala Ghanim. "Common English Syntactic and Pronunciation-related Errors Made by Trainee Simultaneous Interpreters." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 221, no. 1 (2018): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v221i1.417.
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The crucial aim of this paper is to unveil the common English syntactic and pronunciation errors made by trainee simultaneous interpreters. Knowing these common errors will help interpreting instructors focus on these two linguistic aspects while teaching simultaneous interpreting. In addition, recognising these repetitive errors will give trainee interpreters a clear and focused picture of the errors that they can avoid during their interpreting assignment. A focus on general interpreting is discussed, as well as the main and repetitive syntactic and pronunciation- related errors. Data from 96 trainee interpreters were analysed using the Triangular Model of Interpreting. Study findings showed that grammatical errors were most common and took many forms, such as incorrect pronouns, verb-related errors, to+ infinitive, incorrect use of adjectives, and redundancy of subject and subject-verb order. Pronunciation problems ranked second and included hesitation, mispronunciation, and spoonerism. In addition, it was observed that the number of mistakes made by trainee interpreters depends on their English proficiency, and the direct effect of their mother language