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Academic literature on the topic 'Simultanous Wind'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Simultanous Wind"

1

Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Riccardo Gerin, Elena Mauri, and Romain Pennel. "Wind Effects on Drogued and Undrogued Drifters in the Eastern Mediterranean." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecho618.1.

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Abstract The wind effects on drogued and undrogued drifters are assessed using Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) and Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifter datasets and ECMWF wind products in the eastern Mediterranean. Complex and real linear regression models are used to estimate the relative slip of undrogued SVP drifters and to extract the wind-driven currents from the drifter velocities. The frequency response of the wind-driven currents is studied using cross-spectral analysis. By comparing the velocities of cotemporal and nearly collocated undrogued and drogued SVP drifters, it appears that undrogued SVP drifters have a general downwind slippage of about 1% of the wind speed. Time-lagged complex correlations and cross-spectral results show that the wind response is almost simultaneous. The velocities of SVP drifters drogued to 15 m are poorly correlated with the winds (R2 ≈ 3%): wind-driven currents have a magnitude of 0.7% of the wind speed and are 27°–42° to the right of the wind. For undrogued SVP drifters, the correlation with the winds increases to R2 ≈ 22% and the angle between winds and currents decreases to 17°–20°. The magnitude of the wind-driven currents is about 2% of the wind speed. For CODE designs, wind-driven currents are 1% of the wind speed at an angle of about 28° to the right of the wind (R2 ≈ 8%). Spectral and cospectral analyses reveal that the drifters sampled more anticyclonic than cyclonic motions. The inner coherence spectra show that wind and currents are more correlated at temporal scales spanning 3–10 days. They also confirm that the wind response is quasi-simultaneous and that currents are generally to the right of the wind.

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Plant, William J., William C. Keller, and Kenneth Hayes. "Simultaneous Measurement of Ocean Winds and Waves with an Airborne Coherent Real Aperture Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 832–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1724.1.

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Abstract A coherent, X-band airborne radar has been developed to measure wind speed and direction simultaneously with directional wave spectra on the ocean. The coherent real aperture radar (CORAR) measures received power, mean Doppler shifts, and mean Doppler bandwidths from small-resolution cells on the ocean surface and converts them into measurements of winds and waves. The system operates with two sets of antennas, one rotating and one looking to the side of the airplane. The rotating antennas yield neutral wind vectors at a height of 10 m above the ocean surface using a scatterometer model function to relate measured cross sections to wind speed and direction. The side-looking antennas produce maps of normalized radar cross section and line-of-sight velocity from which directional ocean wave spectra may be obtained. Capabilities of CORAR for wind and wave measurement are illustrated using data taken during the Shoaling Waves Experiment (SHOWEX) sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. Wind vectors measured by CORAR agree well with those measured by nearby buoys. Directional wave spectra obtained by CORAR also agree with buoy measurements and illustrate that offshore winds can produce dominant waves at an angle to the wind vector that are in good agreement with the measurements. The best agreement is produced using the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) parameterizations of the development of wave height and period with fetch.

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Luminari, A., E. Piconcelli, F. Tombesi, L. Zappacosta, F. Fiore, L. Piro, and F. Vagnetti. "Constraining the geometry of the nuclear wind in PDS 456 using a novel emission model." Astronomy & Astrophysics 619 (November 2018): A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833623.

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Context. Outflows from active galactic nuclei (AGN) are often invoked to explain the co-evolution of AGN and their host galaxies, and the scaling relations between the central black hole mass and the bulge velocity dispersion. Nuclear winds are often seen in the X-ray spectra through Fe K shell transitions and some of them are called ultra fast outflows (UFOs) due to their high velocities, up to some fractions of the speed of light. If they were able to transfer some percentage of the AGN luminosity to the host galaxy, this might be enough to trigger an efficient feedback mechanism. Aims. We aim to establish new constraints on the covering fraction and on the kinematic properties of the UFO in the powerful (Lbol ∼ 1047 erg s−1) quasar PDS 456, an established Rosetta stone for studying AGN feedback from disk winds. This will allow us to estimate the mass outflow rate and the energy transfer rate of the wind, which are key quantities to understand the potential impact on the host galaxy. Methods. We analyze two sets of simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations taken in September 2013 and reported in Nardini et al. (2015, Science, 347, 860) as having similar broadband spectral properties. We fit the Fe K features with a P-Cygni profile between 5 and 14 keV, using a novel Monte Carlo model for the WINd Emission (WINE). Results. We find an outflow velocity ranging from 0.17 to 0.28 c, with a mean value of 0.23 c. We obtain an opening angle of the wind of 71−8+13 deg and a covering fraction of 0.7−0.3+0.2, suggesting a wide-angle outflow. We check the reliability of the WINE model by performing extensive simulations of joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations. Furthermore, we test the accuracy of the WINE model in recovering the geometrical properties of UFOs by simulating observations with the forthcoming Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA) in the X-ray band.

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Rao, I. Srinivasa, V. K. Anandan, and P. Narasimha Reddy. "Evaluation of DBS Wind Measurement Technique in Different Beam Configurations for a VHF Wind Profiler." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1113.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric winds in the troposphere have been observed routinely for many years with wind profiling (VHF and UHF) radars using the Doppler beam swinging (DBS) technique. Accuracy of wind estimates using wind profiling radars with different beam configurations has its limitations due to both the system of observation and atmospheric conditions. This paper presents a quantitative analysis and evaluation of horizontal wind estimation in different beam configurations up to an altitude of 18 km using the mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar located in Gadanki, India. Horizontal wind velocities are derived in three different ways using two-, three-, and four-beam configurations. To know the performance of each configuration, radar-derived winds have been compared with the winds obtained by simultaneous GPS sonde balloon measurements, which are considered to be a standard reference by default. Results show that horizontal winds measured using three different beam configurations are comparable in general but discrepancy varies from one beam configuration to the other. It is observed that horizontal winds measured using four-beam configuration (east, west, north, and south) have better estimates than the other two-beam configurations. The standard deviation was found to be varying from 1.4 to 2.5 m s−1 and percentage error is about 9.68%–12.73% in four-beam configuration, whereas in other beam configurations the standard deviation is about 1.65–3.9 m s−1 and the percentage error is about 11.29%–15.16% with reference to GPS sonde balloon–measured winds.

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Park, Soojin, Sang-Woo Kim, Moon-Soo Park, and Chang-Keun Song. "Measurement of Planetary Boundary Layer Winds with Scanning Doppler Lidar." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081261.

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The accurate measurement of wind profiles in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is important not only for numerical weather prediction, but also for air quality modeling. Two wind retrieval methods using scanning Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements were compared and validated with simultaneous radiosonde soundings. A comparison with 17 radiosonde sounding profiles showed that the sine-fitting method was able to retrieve a larger number of data points, but the singular value decomposition method showed significantly smaller bias (0.57 m s−1) and root-mean-square error (1.75 m s−1) with radiosonde soundings. Increasing the averaging time interval of radial velocity for obtaining velocity azimuth display scans to 15 min resulted in better agreement with radiosonde soundings due to the signal averaging effect on noise. Simultaneous measurements from collocated wind Doppler lidar and aerosol Mie-scattering lidar revealed the temporal evolution of PBL winds and the vertical distribution of aerosols within the PBL.

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Simkhada, D. B., J. B. Snively, M. J. Taylor, and S. J. Franke. "Analysis and modeling of ducted and evanescent gravity waves observed in the Hawaiian airglow." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 8 (August 19, 2009): 3213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3213-2009.

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Abstract. Short-period gravity waves of especially-small horizontal scale have been observed in the Maui, Hawaii airglow. Typical small-scale gravity wave events have been investigated, and intrinsic wave propagation characteristics have been calculated from simultaneous meteor radar wind measurements. Here we report specific cases where wave structure is significantly determined by the local wind structure, and where wave characteristics are consistent with ducted or evanescent waves throughout the mesopause region. Two of the documented events, exhibiting similar airglow signatures but dramatically different propagation conditions, are selected for simple numerical modeling case studies. First, a Doppler-ducted wave trapped within relatively weak wind flow is examined. Model results confirm that the wave is propagating in the 85–95 km region, trapped weakly by evanescence above and below. Second, an evanescent wave in strong wind flow is examined. Model results suggest an opposite case from the first case study, where the wave is instead trapped above or below the mesopause region, with strong evanescence arising in the 85–95 km airglow region. Distinct differences between the characteristics of these visibly-similar wave events demonstrate the need for simultaneous observations of mesopause winds to properly assess local propagation conditions.

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Moss, Andrew C., Corwin J. Wright, Robin N. Davis, and Nicholas J. Mitchell. "Gravity-wave momentum fluxes in the mesosphere over Ascension Island (8° S, 14° W) and the anomalous zonal winds of the semi-annual oscillation in 2002." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-323-2016.

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Abstract. Anomalously strong westward winds during the first phase of the equatorial mesospheric semi-annual oscillation (MSAO) have been attributed to unusual filtering conditions producing exceptional gravity-wave fluxes. We test this hypothesis using meteor-radar measurements made over Ascension Island (8° S, 14° W). An anomalous wind event in 2002 of −85.5 ms−1 occurred simultaneously with the momentum fluxes of high-frequency gravity waves reaching the largest observed westward values of −29 m2 s−2 and strong westward wind accelerations of −510 ms−1 day−1. However, despite this strong wave forcing during the event, no unusual filtering conditions or significant increases in wave-excitation proxies were observed. Further, although strong westward wave-induced accelerations were also observed during the 2006 MSAO first phase, there was no corresponding simultaneous response in westward wind. We thus suggest that strong westward fluxes/accelerations of high-frequency gravity waves are not always sufficient to produce anomalous first-phase westward MSAO winds and other forcing may be significant.

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Nishikawa, Hatsumi, Yoshihiro Tachibana, Yoshimi Kawai, Mayumi K. Yoshioka, and Hisashi Nakamura. "Evidence for SST-Forced Anomalous Winds Revealed from Simultaneous Radiosonde Launches from Three Ships across the Kuroshio Extension Front." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 10 (October 2016): 3553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0442.1.

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Simultaneous launches of radiosondes were conducted from three research vessels aligned meridionally across a sea surface temperature (SST) front on the flank of the Kuroshio Extension. The soundings carried out every 2 h over 5 days in early July 2012 provided a unique opportunity in capturing unambiguous data on anomalous easterly winds derived from a pronounced meridional SST gradient. The data indicate that a meridional contrast in surface heat fluxes from the underlying ocean enhanced the air temperature anomaly across the SST front, which was observed from the surface up to 300-m altitude. Correspondingly, high and low pressure anomalies that reached 800-m altitude formed on the north and south sides of the SST front, respectively. These temperature and pressure anomalies were maintained even during the passage of synoptic-scale disturbances. Although the free-tropospheric winds are overall westerly, winds below the 1000-m level were easterly due to geostrophic anomalies driven by the northward pressure gradient near the surface. During periods of the northerlies at the surface, especially over the warmer side of the SST front, the wind direction changed in a clockwise direction from 1500 m to the surface, in the opposite sense to the Ekman spiral. The vertical wind shear is apparently in the thermal wind balance ascribed to the meridional contrast in air temperature derived from the SST anomaly.

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Anandan, V. K., I. Srinivasa Rao, and P. Narasimha Reddy. "A Study on Optimum Tilt Angle for Wind Estimation Using Indian MST Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1030.1.

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Abstract The effect of tilt angle on horizontal wind estimation is studied using Indian mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar located at Gadanki (13.45°N, 79.18°E). It operates in Doppler beam swinging (DBS) mode with a beamwidth of 3°. Horizontal winds are computed for different tilt angles from 3° to 15° with an increment of 3° from a height range of 3.6–18 km. The effective beam pointing angle (θeff) is calculated to determine the effect of aspect sensitivity on the determination of horizontal wind components. For different tilt angles radar-derived winds are compared with simultaneous GPS sonde wind measurements, which were launched from a nearby site. The first method utilizes direct comparison of radar-derived winds with those of GPS sondes using the actual beam pointing angle; the second method uses the effective beam pointing angle derived from the ratios of two oblique beams. For this study a variety of statistics were explored in terms of standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and percentage error. From the results it is observed that in agreement with previous studies, the effective beam pointing angle deviates from the actual beam pointing angle, which results in the underestimation of horizontal wind components, and also when tilt angle is close to zenith and far from zenith, the estimation of horizontal winds is found to be far from true values at different heights. Radar wind estimation has better agreement with GPS sonde measurement when the off-zenith angle is around 10°. It is also found that correction to the actual beam pointing angle provides 3%–6% improved agreement between the radar and GPS wind measurements.

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Ahmadikia, Hossein, Mohsen Soleimani, and Ehsan Gholami. "Simultaneous effects of water spray and crosswind on performance of natural draft dry cooling tower." Thermal Science 17, no. 2 (2013): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110510134a.

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To investigate the effect of water spray and crosswind on the effectiveness of the natural draft dry cooling tower (NDDCT), a three-dimensional model has been developed. Efficiency of NDDCT is improved by water spray system at the cooling tower entrance for high ambient temperature condition with and without crosswind. The natural and forced heat convection flow inside and around the NDDCT is simulated numerically by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations in both air and water droplet phases. Comparison of the numerical results with one-dimensional analytical model and the experimental data illustrates a well-predicted heat transfer rate in the cooling tower. Applying water spray system on the cooling tower radiators enhances the cooling tower efficiency at both no wind and windy conditions. For all values of water spraying rate, NDDCTs operate most effectively at the crosswind velocity of 3m/s and as the wind speed continues to rise to more than 3 m/s up to 12 m/s, the tower efficiency will decrease by approximately 18%, based on no-wind condition. The heat transfer rate of radiator at wind velocity 10 m/s is 11.5% lower than that of the no wind condition. This value is 7.5% for water spray rate of 50kg/s.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Simultanous Wind"

1

Allen, Jeffrey R. "An Analysis of SeaWinds Simultaneous Wind/Rain Retrieval in Severe Weather Events." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd704.pdf.

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Heggheim, Hanne Eline, and Ingvild Mogensen. "Wind Power Investment under Uncertainty and Simultaneous Electricity and Green Certificate Equilibrium." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25902.

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This paper introduces the combination of an equilibrium model for electricity- and certificate supply and demand of and real options valuation theory for evaluating the effectiveness of support schemes applied in the electricity market. We study how a green certificate scheme affects investment behavior for a potential wind farm. The investor is assumed to take into account the micro-structural properties of supply and demand through explicitly considering a simultaneous equilibrium in the green certificate market and the electricity market. The source of uncertainty in the model lies in the investment cost, which is described as a mean reverting process. At any time the investor possesses an option to develop the wind farm or postpone the decision. Regarding future revenues as deterministic and the investment cost as a one-time expense at exercise, we derive a real options-based rule for the optimal investment timing. Using the Swedish/Norwegian green certificate market as foundation for calibration and focusing on support scheme efficiency, the resulting renewable power development rates are compared to the case where there are no subsidies, as well as the case of a feed-in tariff system. We highlight policy insights from investment aspects that interact with the simultaneous equilibrium in the electricity and green certificate markets. We conclude that for the specific goal of boosting investment in production capacity for renewable energy, and within the framework constructed by the assumptions made in this model, the feed-in tariff will perform better than the green certificate scheme.

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Wang, Yang. "Modified simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation method for power capture maximization of wind turbines." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16296.

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Master of Science
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Warren N. White
As traditional resources are becoming scarce, renewable energy is a recent topic receiving greater concern. Among the renewable energies, wind power is a very popular type of energy extracted from wind which is readily available in the environment. The use of wind power all over the world is receiving increased attention. Horizontal axis wind turbines are the most popular equipment for extracting power form the wind. One of the problems of using wind turbines is how to maximize the wind power capture. In this paper, a method for maximizing the rotor power coefficient of a wind turbine is proposed. Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) is an efficient way for extremum seeking. It is different from the classical gradient based extremum seeking algorithms. For maximizing the rotor power coefficient, it only needs two objective function measurements to take a step toward the next extremum approximation. The one measurement SPSA is a modification of SPSA method developed in this work. Instead of using measurements of two positions occurring at random directions away from the current position, it uses the measurement of one position in a random direction and the measurement of the current position to estimate the gradient. Usually, the rotor power coefficient is not easily measurable. For speed regulation, a nonlinear robust speed controller is used in this work. The controller produces an estimate of the aerodynamic torque of wind turbine. The quality of this estimate improves with time. From that, a good estimate of power coefficient can be obtained. Simulations in MATLAB are executed with a model of a wind turbine based on its dynamic equations. From simulations, it can be seen that the one measurement SPSA method works very well for the wind turbine. It changes the tip speed ratio and blade pitch simultaneously, and the power coefficient reaches its maximum value quickly in a reliable manner. The power capture optimization is then implemented in FAST, a turbine simulation model created by NREL which is used to test the 5MW NREL reference turbine. From the results, it is evident that the wind turbine reaches the maximum power coefficient rapidly.

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Nielsen, Seth Niels. "A Wind and Rain Backscatter Model Derived from AMSR and SeaWinds Data." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1410.

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The SeaWinds scatterometers aboard the QuikSCAT and ADEOS II satellites were originally designed to measure wind vectors over the ocean by exploiting the relationship between wind-induced surface roughening and the normalized radar backscatter cross-section. Recently, an algorithm for simultaneously retrieving wind and rain (SWR) from scatterometer measurements was developed that enables SeaWinds to correct rain-corrupted wind measurements and retrieve rain rate data. This algorithm is based on co-locating Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM PR) and SeaWinds on QuikSCAT data. In this thesis, a new wind and rain radar backscatter model is developed for the SWR algorithm using a global co-located data set with rain data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and backscatter data from the SeaWinds scatterometer aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 2 (ADEOS II). The model includes the effects of phenomena such as backscatter due to wind stress, atmospheric rain attenuation, and effective rain backscatter. Rain effect parameters of the model vary with integrated rain rate, which is defined as the product of rain height and rain rate. This study accounts for rain height in the model in order to calculate surface rain rate from the integrated rain rate. A simple model for the mean rain height versus latitude and longitude is proposed based on AMSR data and methods of incorporating this model into the SWR retrieval process are developed. The performance of the new SWR algorithm is measured by comparison of wind vectors and rain rates to the previous SWR algorithm, AMSR rain rates, and NCEP numerical weather prediction winds. The new SWR algorithm produces accurate rain estimates and detects rain with a low false alarm rate. The wind correction capabilities of the SWR algorithm are effective at correcting rain-induced inaccuracies. A qualitative comparison of the wind and rain retrieval for Hurricane Isabel demonstrates these capabilities.

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Brucker, Julia [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Stegmann. "Simultaneous Modelling of the Morphological and Spectral Features of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137 in TeV Gamma rays / Julia Brucker. Betreuer: Christian Stegmann." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032393904/34.

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Ellingson, Gary James. "Cooperative Navigation of Fixed-Wing Micro Air Vehicles in GPS-Denied Environments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8706.

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Micro air vehicles have recently gained popularity due to their potential as autonomous systems. Their future impact, however, will depend in part on how well they can navigate in GPS-denied and GPS-degraded environments. In response to this need, this dissertation investigates a potential solution for GPS-denied operations called relative navigation. The method utilizes keyframe-to-keyframe odometry estimates and their covariances in a global back end that represents the global state as a pose graph. The back end is able to effectively represent nonlinear uncertainties and incorporate opportunistic global constraints. The GPS-denied research community has, for the most part, neglected to consider fixed-wing aircraft. This dissertation enables fixed-wing aircraft to utilize relative navigation by accounting for their sensing requirements. The development of an odometry-like, front-end, EKF-based estimator that utilizes only a monocular camera and an inertial measurement unit is presented. The filter uses the measurement model of the multi-state-constraint Kalman filter and regularly performs relative resets in coordination with keyframe declarations. In addition to the front-end development, a method is provided to account for front-end velocity bias in the back-end optimization. Finally a method is presented for enabling multiple vehicles to improve navigational accuracy by cooperatively sharing information. Modifications to the relative navigation architecture are presented that enable decentralized, cooperative operations amidst temporary communication dropouts. The proposed framework also includes the ability to incorporate inter-vehicle measurements and utilizes a new concept called the coordinated reset, which is necessary for optimizing the cooperative odometry and improving localization. Each contribution is demonstrated through simulation and/or hardware flight testing. Simulation and Monte-Carlo testing is used to show the expected quality of the results. Hardware flight-test results show the front-end estimator performance, several back-end optimization examples, and cooperative GPS-denied operations.

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CHANG, HUI-LING, and 張惠玲. "Short-term Wind Speed and Wind Power Forecasting Using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Algorithm." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89146912971162587571.

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碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
96
Wind energy is one of the most rapidly growing sources for electricity generation in the world. However, operation of wind power is a challenge because of its intermittent characteristics. Therefore, accurate wind power forecasting is necessary for the sake of economic operation in power systems. This research takes advantage of the measurements of wind power generation and wind speed at the same site. Correlation and t-test are applied to pre-process the input data and remove the least correlated input data. Next, the artificial neural networks are used to train and forecast. This thesis presents a novel technique for short-term wind power and wind speed forecasting (1 hour ahead) using a Multi-layer Feed-forward Neural Network (MFNN) and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Neural Network (NN) is one of the best tools for forecasting. It provides a powerful learning ability. Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) based train NN may use different perturbations, structures (including cascaded, parallel and separated structures) and inputs. Comparative studies between the proposed methods and traditional methods (including Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA), back-propagation, statistical persistence) are shown in the thesis. The R squared, mean absolute error and root mean square error for the cascaded SPSA-based NN that uses simultaneously perturbing all weightings is better than the other methods. The training CPU times and iterations for the parallel SPSA-based NN that uses simultaneous perturbing all weightings is smaller than the others. The simulation results considering a realistic wind farm including 8 wind generators (each 600kW) and wind speed measurement show the applicability of the proposed method.

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Pan, Wei. "Comparison between Simultaneous and Traditional Consecutive Malolactic Fermentations in Wine." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/4773.

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Successfully inducing malolactic fermentation in the production of grape wines can be challenging, especially in wines after finishing alcoholic fermentation with limited energy sources, low pH values and high ethanol concentrations. In this thesis, the kinetics of several chemicals of enological relevance were studied in a white wine (Chardonnay) and a red wine (Cab Franc) vinified by traditional, consecutive alcoholic (AF) and malolactic fermentations (MLF), and simultaneous AF/MLF, where bacteria were co-inoculated with yeast. The Chardonnay must was adjusted to four pH values (3.20, 3.35, 3.50 or 3.65), the cab Franc was kept as original pH value (3.56) and the concentrations of sugars, organic acids as well as acetaldehyde were followed throughout the fermentations. For Chardonnay the degradation of glucose and fructose was slower at the lowest must pH value (3.20) and independent from the time of bacterial inoculation. In all cases, malolactic conversion was faster after yeast-bacterial co-inoculation and was completed in simultaneous treatments at pH values of 3.35-3.65, and consecutive treatments at pH 3.50 and 3.65. No statistically significant difference was observed among the final acetic acid concentration, in all inoculation and pH treatments. For Cab Franc, it confirmed that co-inoculation shortened the fermentation periods while having minor effects on other parameters. Overall, simultaneous AF/MLF allowed for greatly reduced fermentation times, while the must pH remained a strong factor for fermentation success and determined the final concentration of various wine components. The time of inoculation influenced formation and degradation kinetics of organic acids and acetaldehyde significantly.

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"SIMULTANEOUS MITIGATION OF SUBSYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE AND SUBSYNCHRONOUS INTERACTION USING FULL-SCALE FREQUENCY CONVERTER- AND DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION GENERATOR-BASED WIND FARMS." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-05-1551.

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Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) is one of the major obstacles for the wide spread of high degrees (60% and higher) of series capacitor compensation. Recently, a new obstacle, namely Subsynchronous Interaction (SSI) has been added to the list after the Zorillo Gulf wind farm incident in Texas in October 2009. SSI is due to the interaction between large Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind farms and series capacitor compensated transmission systems. In integrated power systems incorporating series capacitor compensated transmission lines and high penetration of wind energy conversion systems, especially DFIG-based wind farms, SSR and SSI could occur concurrently as a result of some system contingences. Therefore, mitigating SSR and SSI is an important area of research and development targeting at developing practical and effective countermeasures. This thesis reports the results of digital time-domain simulation studies that are carried out to investigate the potential use of Full-Scale Frequency Converter (FFC) and DFIG-based wind farms for simultaneous mitigation of SSR and SSI. This is achieved through introducing supplemental control signals in the reactive power control loops of the grid side converters of the DFIG and/or the FFC wind turbines. In this context, two supplemental controls designated as Supplemental Controls 1 and 2 are examined. Supplemental Control 1 introduces a signal in the grid side converter of the FFC wind turbines to damp both SSR and SSI oscillations. On the other hand, Supplemental Control 2 introduces a signal in the grid side converter of the FFC wind turbines for damping SSR oscillations and another signal in the grid side converters of the DFIG wind turbines for damping SSI oscillations. Time-domain simulations are conducted on a benchmark model using the ElectroMagnetic Transients program (EMTP-RV). The results of the investigations have demonstrated that the presented two supplemental controls are very effective in mitigating the SSR and SSI phenomena at different system contingencies and operating conditions.

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Lu, Shiue-Der, and 呂學德. "MPPT control for permanent magnet synchronous generator in wind farm using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90779541864819414976.

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碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
94
This thesis focuses on maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) algorithm applying for wind-turbine generator system (WTGS). The system includes the wind-turbine, permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), three-phase full bridge rectifier, buck-boost converter and fixed load. By using duty cycle slope method, power slope method and Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA), the maximum power tracking can be achieved. To apply the maximum-power-tracking-algorithm in the wind-turbine generator system, the control parameter is the duty cycle of the converter. SPSA controller does not only need to set up the three parameter values , and , but also does not need anemometer, rotation encoder and characteristics of wind-generator. The proposed method enables the permanent-magnet synchronous generator to operate at variable speeds to achieve good performance. The wind-turbine generator system hence has high efficiency and reduces the system cost. As shown in the Simulation results, no matter how the wind speed changes, the tip speed ratio (TSR) and coefficient power ( ) can be near the neighborhood of the optional values, by varying the rating speed of the wind-turbine via adjusting the duty cycles of converter once the wind-turbine generator is operated in its rated range.

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Books on the topic "Simultanous Wind"

1

Center, Langley Research, ed. Simultaneous luminescence pressure and temperature measurement system for hypersonic wind tunnels. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Cheng, Joseph. Wing Chun: The Art of Simultaneous Defence and Attack. Paladin Press, 1986.

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S, Dhadwal Harbans, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Simultaneous optical measurements of axial and tangential steady-state blade deflections. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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S, Dhadwal Harbans, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Simultaneous optical measurements of axial and tangential steady-state blade deflections. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. MACS: An instrument and a methodology for simultaneous and global measurements of the coronal electron temperature and the solar wind velocity on the solar corona. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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Afuah, Allan. Co-opetition in Crowdsourcing: When Simultaneous Cooperation and Competition Deliver Superior Solutions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816225.003.0011.

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In tournament-based crowdsourcing, members of a crowd compete to solve a problem and the agent with the best solution wins. In collaboration-based crowdsourcing, members of a crowd cooperate to solve a problem, bringing their collective expertise to bear on the problem. Each can yield extraordinarily high-value solutions. This raises a question: Can crowdsourcing co-opetition—simultaneous cooperation and competition to solve a problem via crowdsourcing—deliver even higher-value solutions than either tournament-based or collaboration-based crowdsourcing alone? I argue that simultaneous competition to solve modules of a decomposable problem and collaboration to aggregate the module solutions produces a higher-value solution to the problem than collaboration alone. And simultaneous cooperation to reduce crowdsourcing frictions and competition to solve a non-decomposable problem yields a higher-value solution than competition alone.

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Simultaneous UV and optical study of O star winds and UV and optical covariability of O star winds: Final reports, NASA contract NAS5-32473. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Simultaneous UV and optical study of O star winds and UV and optical covariability of O star winds: Final reports, NASA contract NAS5-32473. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Olsen, Dale A. The Aesthetics and Power of Flute Sounds, Timbres, and Sonic Textures. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037887.003.0014.

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This chapter discusses flute timbres and sonic textures. Flute timbres or tone colors, especially, are what characterize the flute and make it such a unique musical instrument. Small flutes are noted for their shrill and piercing tone colors, and in many cultures, the sounds of small flutes pierce the hearts, souls, and perhaps other areas of the human body of many listeners because of the high pitches. In some situations, the sound of the flute is like the wind, or is sad, lonely, and pensive. Like the Japanese shakuhachi and the Persian nay, most flutes are capable of a great variety of timbres that can imitate sounds of nature or evoke many emotions. The term “sonic texture,” refers to the “simultaneous sounding” of two or more instruments or voices. Throughout the stories presented in this book, flutes have mostly been played as solo instruments in a single-part texture. In many regions of the world, however, especially in the South American rainforest and Andes mountains, Africa, New Guinea, Japan, and Java, just to name a few, flutes are played in ensembles that create multipart textures.

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Book chapters on the topic "Simultanous Wind"

1

Bijleveld, H. A., and A. E. P. Veldman. "Solving 2D Unsteady Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows with a Quasi-Simultaneous Interaction Method." In Research Topics in Wind Energy, 185–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54696-9_27.

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Surai, Peter F., Tigran T. Papazyan, Nick H. C. Sparks, and Brian K. Speake. "Simultaneous Enrichment of Eggs With PUFAs and Antioxidants." In Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 139–53. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-330-1_11.

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St-Louis, Nicole. "Simultaneous Optical and Ultraviolet Observations of Variability in HD 50896." In Instability and Variability of Hot-Star Winds, 197–214. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0315-2_15.

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Odera, T. J., D. Van Swol, and C. T. Russell. "Simultaneous Observation of Pc 3,4 Pulsations in the Magnetosphere and at Multiple Ground Stations." In Solar Wind Sources of Magnetospheric Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves, 311–23. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm081p0311.

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Rasinkangas, R., K. Mursula, G. Kremser, H. J. Singer, B. J. Fraser, A. Korth, and W. J. Hughes. "Simultaneous Occurrence of Pc 5 and Pc 1 Pulsations in the Dawnside Magnetosphere: CRRES Observations." In Solar Wind Sources of Magnetospheric Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves, 417–24. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm081p0417.

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Favreau, X., A. Dabas, P. Delville, P. Salamitou, J. Pelon, and P. H. Flamant. "Simultaneous Range Resolved Measurements of Atmospheric Constituents and Wind Velocity by CO2." In Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar, 467–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60612-0_113.

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Henrichs, H. F., L. Kaper, H. Ando, R. Hirata, E. Kambe, K. Bjorkman, A. Fullerton, D. Gies, D. McDavid, and J. Nichols-Bohlin. "Simultaneous Optical and UV Observations of Wind Variability in O-Type Stars." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 567–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0794-5_68.

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Dalin, P. A., G. N. Zastenker, K. I. Paularena, and J. D. Richardson. "Correlation Dependences Determined by Simultaneous Multispacecraft Observations of Solar Wind and IMF Structures." In Physics of Space: Growth Points and Problems, 323–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0904-1_42.

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Petrini, F., Z. Wang, and A. Giaralis. "Simultaneous Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting in Wind Excited Tall Buildings Equipped with the Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 548–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12815-9_42.

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Meriwether, John W., Jonathan J. Makela, and Daniel J. Fisher. "Simultaneous Measurements and Monthly Climatologies of Thermospheric Winds and Temperatures in the Peruvian and Brazilian Longitudinal Sectors." In Ionospheric Space Weather, 175–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118929216.ch15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Simultanous Wind"

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Bird, M. K. "Fine Structure of the Solar Wind Turbulence Inferred from Simultaneous Radio Occultation Observations at Widely-Spaced Ground Stations." In SOLAR WIND TEN: Proceedings of the Tenth International Solar Wind Conference. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1618635.

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Heeg, Jennifer, and Eugene Morelli. "Evaluation of Simultaneous Multisine Excitation of the Joined Wing Aeroelastic Wind Tunnel Model." In 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1959.

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Talarico, David, and Kevin Hynes. "Bio-Inspired Wind Energy Harvester." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91409.

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Engineers and designers often mimic mechanisms found in nature to accomplish a specific task. This concept was applied to wind power generation to simplify and reduce cost of the HAWT design. The advantage of the flapping wing design lies in the additional power generated by leading edge vortices. It has previously been demonstrated by others that a flapping wing section undergoing simultaneous, coordinated heaving and pitching is capable of extracting energy from an oncoming flow using the CFD code FLUENT. The encouraging results suggest that efficiencies as high as 36.3% are achievable with such a system with the strongest influence on efficiency being reduced heaving amplitude, H/c, pitching amplitude, θ, and reduced frequency, f*. The suggested values of these motion parameters for optimal performance was found to be H/c≈1, θ≈73°, and f*≈0.15. Hence, an adjustable flapping wing energy extraction device was designed in accordance with these parameters. Preliminary testing has demonstrated the effective operation of the device over a range of Reynolds numbers in a wind tunnel.

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Draper, David W., and David G. Long. "Simultaneous wind and rain measurements from SeaWinds data." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Gary D. Gilbert, and Delu Pan. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.506393.

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Wang, Ya, and Daniel J. Inman. "Simultaneous Energy Harvesting and Gust Alleviation for a Multifunctional Wing Spar Using Reduced Energy Control Laws via Piezoceramics." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5224.

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The increasing need for lightweight structures in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications raise issues involving gust alleviation. Here we examine the gust alleviation problem using a self-sensing, self-charging, and self-actuating structure. The basic idea is that the wing itself is able to harvest and store energy from the normal vibrations during flight along with any available sunlight. If the wing experiences any strong, unexpected wind gust, it will sense the increased vibration levels and provide vibration control to maintain its stability. In this paper, a multifunctional wing spar is designed, which integrates a flexible solar cell array, piezoceramic wafers, a thin film battery and an electronics module into a composite structure. This multifunctional wing spar therefore carries on the functions of energy harvesting and storage, as well as the functions of gust alleviation via piezoelectric materials. The piezoceramic wafers act as sensors, actuators, and harvesters. The global modulus and stiffness of this multifunctional wing spar are estimated using both the rule of mixtures and the cross section transformation method. These values are then used in an Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam model of the multifunctional spar. The first two dominant modes are predicted analytically for the distributed parameter model. The finite element method is employed to confirm the analytical eigenvalues estimation. Special attention is given to the self-contained gust alleviation with the goal of using harvested energy. The gust signals are generated using a Gaussian white noise source n (t) ∼ N (0,1) fed into a linear filter, with the required intensity, scale lengths, and power spectral density (PSD) function for the given flight velocity and height. The Dryden PSD function is implemented for atmospheric turbulence modeling. The recently developed reduced energy control law is combined with a positive strain feedback controller to minimize the actuation energy and the dissipated heat energy. Positive feedback operation amplifiers (op-amps) and voltage buffer op-amps are implemented for two dominant mode gust disturbance controls. This work builds off of our previous research in self-charging structures and holds promise for improving UAV performance in wind gust alleviation.

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Wang, Ya, and Daniel J. Inman. "Experimental Validation of Simultaneous Gust Alleviation and Energy Harvesting for Multifunctional Composite Wing Spars." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8176.

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Vibration suppression in flexible structures is becoming an important design problem to develop energy-autonomous systems powered using the harvested ambient energy. Reduced energy control laws are developed to address the trend towards autonomous ultra-light weight aerospace structures with limited energy supply. Experiments build upon recent advances in harvester, sensor and actuator technology that have resulted in thin, light-weight multi-layered composite wing spars. These beam like multifunctional spars are designed to be capable of alleviating wind gust of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) using the harvested energy. Experimental results are presented for cantilever wing spars with micro-fiber composite transducers controlled by reduced energy controllers with a focus on two vibration modes. A reduction of 16dB and 11dB is obtained for the first and the second mode using the harvested ambient energy. This work demonstrates the use of reduced energy control laws for solving gust alleviation problems in small UAVs, provides the experimental verification details, and focuses on applications to autonomous light-weight aerospace systems.

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Li, Shuijin, Azin Lamei, Masoud Hayatdavoodi, and Carlos Wong. "Concept Design and Analysis of Wind-Tracing Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7580.

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Abstract Most of the existing floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT), whether in concept or built, host a single turbine. Structures that can host multiple turbines have received attention in recent years, mainly with the aim of reducing the overall cost of energy production and maintenance. A concept challenge of placing multiple wind turbines on a single floating platform is that under variable wind directions, the leading turbines may block the wind against the trailing turbines. In this work, concept design of a wind-tracing floating structure accommodating three wind turbines is presented. The triangular-shapefloating platform is made of pre-stressed concrete, and the turbines are located on the corners. The floating structure uses a single-point mooring system which allows for the entire structure to rotate in response to the change of wind direction. Due to the particular configuration of the floating structure, it is essential to consider the wind, wave and current loads, along with the response of the structure, simultaneously. Response of the FOWT to simultaneous environmental loads from different directions is studied by use of the constant panel approach of the Green function method, subject to constant wind loads on the turbines and linear mooring loads. We also consider the elasticity of the structure by use of finite element analysis, coupled with the hydro- and aero-dynamic loads and responses.

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Congling Nie and David G. Long. "Simultaneous wind and rain retrieval for ERS scatterometer measurements." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423844.

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Bessa, Ricardo J. "From marginal to simultaneous prediction intervals of wind power." In 2015 18th International Conference on Intelligent System Application to Power Systems (ISAP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isap.2015.7325536.

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Yamada, Yuji. "Simultaneous optimization for wind derivatives based on prediction errors." In 2008 American Control Conference (ACC '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4586515.

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Reports on the topic "Simultanous Wind"

1

Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, and et al. SMILE Definition Study Report. ESA SCI, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.smile.definition_study_report-2018-12.

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The SMILE definition study report describes a novel self-standing mission dedicated to observing solar wind-magnetosphere coupling via simultaneous in situ solar wind/magnetosheath plasma and magnetic field measurements, X-Ray images of the magnetosheath and magnetic cusps, and UV images of global auroral distributions defining system-level consequences. The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) will complement all solar, solar wind and in situ magnetospheric observations, including both space- and ground-based observatories, to enable the first-ever observations of the full chain of events that drive the Sun-Earth connection.

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Au, W. W., and D. L. Herzing. Real-Time Acquisition of Echolocation Signals by Wild Atlantic Spotted Dolphin, Stenella frontalis, Utilizing Hydrophone Arrays with Simultaneous Underwater Video. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada333284.

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