Academic literature on the topic 'Síndrome de qt largo'
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Journal articles on the topic "Síndrome de qt largo"
Pérez Boscá, J. L. "El síndrome del QT largo." Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 58, no. 3 (January 2011): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-9356(11)70019-6.
Full textLupoglazoff, J. M., and I. Denjoy. "Síndrome del QT largo congénito." EMC - Pediatría 36, no. 4 (January 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1245-1789(01)72029-x.
Full textDelinière, A., G. Millat, A. Janin, and P. Chevalier. "Síndrome del QT largo congénito." EMC - Pediatría 56, no. 2 (June 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1245-1789(21)45217-0.
Full textMelgar Quicaño, Luis, and Fredy Chipa Ccasani. "Síndrome de QT largo congénito." Archivos Peruanos de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47487/apcyccv.v2i1.125.
Full textGoitia, L., P. Pérez, P. Sebastián, J. M. Taibo, and A. Arizaga. "Síndrome de QT largo adquirido perioperatorio." Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 57, no. 2 (January 2010): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-9356(10)70173-0.
Full textMedina Villanueva, Alberto, Corsino Rey Galán, Andrés Concha Torre, and José Ramón Gutiérrez Martínez. "Síndrome de QT largo presentado como epilepsia." Revista de Neurología 35, no. 04 (2002): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.3504.2002053.
Full textCanet Fajas, C., L. Urieta González, and J. A. Ibañez Pérez de Viñaspre. "Síndrome de QT largo secundario a fluoxetina." Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN 44, no. 1 (January 2018): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2017.06.006.
Full textRossenbacker, Tom, and Silvia G. Priori. "Nuevas perspectivas en el síndrome de QT largo." Revista Española de Cardiología 60, no. 7 (July 2007): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13108271.
Full textBarquero-Romero, José, José Ángel Maldonado-Vizuete, and Jesús Arrobas-Vacas. "Síndrome del QT largo adquirido y tromboembolia pulmonar aguda." Medicina Clínica 126, no. 2 (January 2006): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13083575.
Full textMazzanti, Andrea, and Silvia G. Priori. "Diagnóstico del síndrome de QT largo: valor del ortostatismo." Revista Española de Cardiología 70, no. 11 (November 2017): 898–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2017.04.018.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Síndrome de qt largo"
Muñoz, Esparza Carmen. "Estudio del síndrome de QT largo en nuestro medio : genética, características clínicas y herramientas de diagnóstico electrocardiográfico." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277291.
Full textABSTRACT Background Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited ion channelopathy which leads to syncope and sudden death (SD). To date, more than 700 mutations have been identified in 13 LQTS susceptible genes, with the type 1 to 3 LQTS (LQT1-3) being the most frequent genotypes (1;2). Type 2 LQTS (LQT2) results from KCNH2 mutations that cause loss of Kv11.1 channel function and consequently a negative effect on rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (3). Specific KCNH2 mutation in the pore-loop region, which is responsible for forming the ion conduction pathway of the channel, have been shown to be associated with more severe clinical manifestations and increased risk for arrhythmic events (4;5). Diagnosing LQTS is problematic because: first, there is an important overlap in the distribution of QT interval between otherwise healthy subjects and patients with genetically confirmed LQTS (6); second, arrhythmic episodes are uncommon and usually occur in unmonitored settings; and third, a negative genetic test cannot exclude unequivocally the diagnosis of LQTS by itself and sometimes distinguishing pathogenic mutations from innocuous rare variants is difficult (7). For this reason, patients with suspected LQTS are often subject to additional diagnostic studies such as exercise stress test, 24-hours Holter recording and/or epinephrine provocative test. Thus, an ideal diagnostic tool for this life-threatening disease should be simple to perform and interpret, in order to start treatment immediately avoiding diagnostic delays. It has been recently described that LQTS patients have an insufficient QT interval shortening to the tachycardia provoked by standing because they have an abnormal response to heart rate acceleration and because standing produces sudden changes in autonomic nervous system tone (8;9). Thus, beta-adrenergic stimulation fails to increase the net outward repolarizing currents in LQTS patients with defect in currents that are sensitive to sympathetic stimulation (IKs, IKr and IK1) (10). On the other hand, several studies have shown that QTc interval is increased in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared to healthy individuals, and that there is an association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on echocardiography (11-13). However, the clinical significance and prognostic meaning of QT prolongation is unclear in patients with HCM. Objectives We have divided this document into three main sections: (Part 1) Description of the global cohort of patients with LQTS evaluated, and specifically of the KCNH2-H562R missense mutation; (Part 2) Response of the QTc interval to standing in LQTS patients; and (Part 3) Study of QTc interval in HCM. Objectives of each of these sections were: • Part 1. (a) To analyze the clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic characteristics of a group of patients diagnosed with LQTS at Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (Murcia-Spain), and specifically (b) to describe for the first time the phenotype of the KCNH2-H562R missense mutation in a large family with LQTS. • Part 2. (a) To evaluate the QT interval response to standing in a cohort of LQTS patients with mutations in different potassium channels and in a group of patients with unidentified-genotype; and (b) to asses if the phenomenon of QT maladaptation with the standing, returns to normal on beta-blocker therapy. • Part 3. (a) To study in a population of patients with HCM, the association of QTc interval prolongation with clinical variables or morphologic parameters, (b) to establish a possible cut-off which could be useful to stratify the severity of the disease, and (c) to assess whether a prolonged QT interval is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic events in this population. Methods The objectives outlined above, were performed using the following study protocol: • Part 1. Between 1/01/2004 and 1/01/2014, we consecutively included 18 probands of LQTS (diagnosis of LQTS was based on the presence of a Schwartz score punctuation ≥ 4 and/or a pathogenic mutation in LQTS genes and/or a positive response in epinephrine provocative test). A pedigree was drawn for each patient and first-degree relatives were screened using the same protocol. The evaluation of probands and relatives included medical history, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, 24h-Holter ECG, exercise test when possible, and epinephrine provocative test if was needed for diagnosis. A screening of the most common LQTS genes (KCNQ1, KCNH2 and SCN5A) was performed in probands after giving written consents. If no responsible genetic variant was found, others susceptible genes such as KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNJ2 were investigated. Relatives from positive probands were offered genetic testing. Specifically, the KCNH2-H562R mutation is described in detail in this document. This mutation was identified in a 65 year-old male with a history of syncope that suffered a resuscitated SD in the setting of hypokalemia and treatment with clarithromycin; after family screening, a total of 13 family members (including the proband) were carriers of the mutation (aged 48 ± 26 years; 46% males). • Part 2. Between 1/09/2010 and 1/01/2014, we consecutively included 36 newly diagnosed LQTS patients [6 (17%) LQT1, 20 (56%) LQT2, 3 (8%) LQT7, 7 (19%) with unidentified-genotype] and 41 controls. Both groups underwent to baseline ECG after resting supine for 10 minutes and then, they were asked to get up quickly. The QT interval was measured at baseline (QTc supine) and immediately after movement-related standing artifacts disappeared (QTc standing); the QTc interval change from baseline (ΔQTc) was calculated as QTc standing - QTc supine. The test was repeated in 26 patients after beta-blocker therapy. • Part 3. Between 1/01/2005 and 1/01/2011, 292 patients with HCM (aged 48.6 ± 18.5 years, 63% males) were consecutively included and followed up for 3.5 years (range 1 to 6 years). The diagnosis of HCM was based on the demonstration of a hypertrophied, non-dilated left ventricle (maximal wall thickness ≥ 15 mm in adult index patients or ≥ 13 mm in adult relatives of a HCM patient) by echocardiography in the absence of other causes that might lead to LVH. Patients under treatment of Vaughan-Williams Class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs, with ventricular pacing or with isolated apical hypertrophy were excluded from the analysis. ECG and echocardiogram were performed in each patient, 232 also underwent to 24-hour ECG-recording and 80 to cardiac magnetic resonance. A screening of cardiac β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) and cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) genes was performed after giving written consents, and when no mutation was found, other genes were analyzed depending on the patient phenotype. We established two classifications to compare what was better for the risk-stratification of our HCM population: group I/II for a QTc ≤ or > 450 ms (460 ms for females) and group A/B for a QTc ≤ or > 480 ms (group I n = 188; group II n = 104; group A n = 262; group B n = 30). In all study populations, QT intervals were manually measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, and the end of the T wave was defined as an intersecting point of the tangent line of the maximal slope on the terminal T wave and the isoelectric line. The QT interval was measured in II and V5 or V6, using the longest value, and was corrected by Bazett´s formula (QTc=QT/RR0.5). We considered long QTc interval in the group of LQTS patients and relatives, a value > 450 ms in adult males or > 460 ms in adult females. In HCM population, JT and JT corrected (JTc) intervals were obtained by substracting the QRS duration from the QT and the QTc respectively. Results Part 1 In the study period, 53 patients were diagnosed with LQTS (18 probands and 35 patients diagnosed in the family screening). The mean age was 36 ± 25 years old, and 26 (49%) were females. The most common reason for diagnosis was the presence of symptoms in 15 (83.3%) probands (8 syncope, 5 resuscitated SD and 2 SD); 3 (16.7%) probands were asymptomatic at the time of the initial evaluation and showed a prolonged or borderline QTc interval. 5 of the 8 (62.5%) patients who suffered SD or resuscitated SD had a previous history of syncope. 8 (23%) affected relatives reported episodes of syncope before the diagnosis and 1 (2.8%) suffered a SD (she had refused BB treatment). In the overall LQTS population, the mean QTc interval was 474 ± 48 ms (491 ± 64 ms in probands vs 466 ± 35 ms in relatives, p = 0.07), 34 (64.1%) patients showed prolonged QTc [16 (88.9%) of probands vs 18 (51.4%) of relatives, p = 0.007] and 14 (26.4%) had abnormal T-waves morphology [7 (38.9%) of probands vs 7 (20%) of relatives, p = 0.1]. The genetic study of probands revealed that 4 (22.2%) patients carried mutations in KCNQ1 gene, 4 (22.2%) in KCNH2 gene, 1 (5.6%) in KCNE2 gene, 2 (11.1%) in KCNJ2 gene and in 7 (38.9%) probands the genotype was unidentified. The total of patients with mutations in LQTS genes after family screening was: 10 (18.9%) KCNQ1, 19 (35.8%) KCNH2, 1 (1.9%) KCNE2, 6 (11.3%) KCNJ2 gene. In 17 (32.1%) patients the genotype was unidentified. Beta-blocker (BB) therapy was recommended in all patients, and 45 (90%) of surviving patients initiated this treatment. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was no implanted in patients who suffered resuscitated SD because they had severe neurological damage and/or they refused the implant. In a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 2.6 years, 2 patient had SD (one of them had refused BB therapy and the other was under BB, both cardiac autopsies were normal) and 1 patient underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation. The other patients have remained asymptomatic under treatment with BB. The c.1685A>G, p.H562R heterozygous variant was detected in exon 7 of the KCNH2 gene of a proband with history of syncope that suffered a resuscitated SD. This variation causes an amino acid change histidine 562 to arginine in the S5 transmembrane domain, involved in the pore region of the channel. This amino acid is located in a highly conserved region between the species. Bioinformatic study of the mutation was performed, resulting in a pathogenic variant. A total of 13 carriers of the mutation were identified in the family. The mean QTc in carriers was 493 ± 42ms (QTc 517 ± 57 ms in symptomatic carriers vs 477 ± 33 ms in asymptomatic carriers, p = 0.28). 3 (23%) carriers presented a normal QTc, and 6 (46%) had symptoms [4 syncope, 1 SD and 1 aborted SD (proband)]. 3 (23%) carriers showed typical bifid T-waves of LQT2. After treatment with BB, 11 out of 12 carriers (92%) remained asymptomatic at 4.7 years follow-up (a patient required left cardiac sympathetic denervation). There was a SD in a patient who refused treatment. The QTc shortening with BB was 50 ± 37ms (QTc 493 ± 46 ms before treatment vs 442 ± 19 ms under treatment; p = 0.002). Part 2 Changing from supine to standing position caused a significant increase in the QTc in LQTS group compared with controls (QTc standing LQTS 528 ± 46 vs controls 420 ± 15 ms, p < 0.0001; ΔQTc LQTS 78 ± 40 vs controls 8 ± 13 ms, p<0.0001). This response was observed in all types of LQTS, and no significant differences were noted between LQT1 and LQT2 groups (QTc standing LQT1 526 ± 17 vs LQT2 536 ± 50 ms, p = 0.6; ΔQTc LQT1 65 ± 16 vs LQT2 78 ± 42 ms, p = 0.5). Typical ST-T-wave patterns appeared with the standing in all LQTS patients, even in those with morphologically normal repolarization at baseline. In contrast, in most subjects of the control group the normal T-waves of supine position remained unchanged with the standing [10 (24%) controls developed unspecific low-amplitude T-waves with the postural change]. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves of QTcstanding and ΔQTc showed a significant increase in the diagnosis value respect to baseline QTc interval (AUC 0.99 vs 0.85; p < 0.001). For a cutoff point of 90% sensitivity, the specificity increased from 58% for QTc supine to 100% for both QTc standing and ΔQTc. On the other hand, QTc standing and ΔQTc decreased significantly under BB treatment (QTcstanding 538 ± 48 ms before treatment vs 440 ± 32 ms under treatment, p < 0.0001; ΔQTc 77 ± 40 ms before treatment vs 14 ± 16 ms after treatment, p < 0.0001). The decrease in QT measurements under BB therapy was observed in all types of LQTS and in patients with unidentified genotype. Part 3 Global HCM population showed the following ECG intervals: QTc 446 ± 29ms, JTc 340 ± 28ms and QRS 101 ± 19ms. 104 (35.6%) patients presented QTc > 450 ms (> 460 ms females) (group II), and 30 (10.3%) patients had a QTc > 480 ms (group B). Both JTc and QRS, in a multivariate linear regression model, showed an independent correlation with QTc interval (p<0.001). Group B patients were significantly more symptomatic (40 vs 23%, p = 0.045) and had worse NYHA functional class at diagnosis (1.9 ± 0.7 vs 1.6 ± 0.8, p = 0.007) than group A. However, differences did not reach statistical significance when compared groups I and II. Groups II and B had higher maximum left ventricular hypertrophy (MLVH) compared with I and A respectively (group II/I 21.4 ± 4.8 vs 19.1 ± 5 mm, p < 0.001; group B/A 23.3 ± 5.3 vs 19.5 ± 4.9 mm, p = 0.001) but only group B patients were more likely to be obstructive (60.0 vs 33.6%, p = 0.004). There was a positive correlation of QTc with MLVH (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and left ventricular outflow tract basal gradient (r = 0.11, p = 0.005). Group II and B were more likely to have atrial fibrillation (AF) than group I and A respectively (group II/I 30 vs 20%, p = 0.05; group B/A 37 vs 22%, p = 0.05). When stratified by left atrium (LA) size, in the subgroup of patients with LA diameter > 45 mm, there was a higher prevalence of AF in patients with QTc > 480 ms [80% (4 of 5 patients) in group B vs 29% (19 of 65 patients) in group A, p=0.045]. In the multivariate logistic regression model the MLVH and the presence of obstruction remained significant in predicting a QTc > 480ms (p = 0.001 and p = 0.027 respectively). In the overall cohort, 27 patients (9.2%) underwent ICD implantation (2 in secondary prevention and 25 in primary prevention). In the follow-up period, 5 patients received appropriate ICD discharges, and 2 patients anti-tachycardia pacing, presenting all patients with ICD therapies a QTc < 480 ms. No differences in the presence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on Holter or ICD monitoring were observed between groups. Our study showed an annual mortality from any cause of 2.6% (0.4% for SD, 1.2% for heart failure, 0.2% for stroke and 0.8% for non-cardiac cause). No differences in the overall mortality, HCM-related death or stroke were observed between groups according to the QT interval. Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed in 79 (27%) patients, and 43 (54%) had positive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). In group A, 72 of 36 (50%) patients showed fibrosis compared to 7 of 7 (100%) in group B (p = 0.01) (no significant differences were observed between groups I and II). Patients with fibrosis had higher MLVH than those without LGE (21.2 ± 6.0 vs 17.7 ± 3.1 mm, p = 0.002). Prevalence of NSVTs on Holter was higher in patients with fibrosis (82.3% vs 9.1%, p = 0.013) and all patients who had NSVTs in ICD monitoring (78%) showed fibrosis. A total of 109 of 292 (37,3%) patients were genotype positive. Of these, 83 (76,1%) had mutations in the MYBPC3 gene, 23 (21,1%) in the MYH7 gene and 3 (2.8%) in the troponin T type 2 cardiac gene (TNNT2). Genotype-positive patients had longer QTc interval (451,0 ± 31,5 vs 443,5 ± 28,0 ms, p = 0,03) and MLVH (21,0 ± 6,0 vs 19,2 ± 4,3 mm, p = 0,004). Por lo tanto, los pacientes con QTc > 480 ms tenían más frecuentemente genotipo positivo (p = 0,05). Conclusions A comprehensive family study is essential in suspected LQTS patients to complete the diagnosis, and in the evaluation of patients with diagnosed LQTS to identify relatives susceptible to receive treatment. The KCNH2-H562R missense mutation was associated to LQTS in the large family studied. The phenotype of this mutation is heterogeneous and variable, and its localization at the pore region of the channel confers to carriers a high risk of arrhythmic events. Evaluation of QTc prolongation with the simple maneuver of standing, showed high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of LQTS patients. In addition, the QTc response to standing could be important in monitoring the effect of beta-blocker therapy in LQTS patients. Finally, HCM patients have an increased QTc interval compared to overall healthy adults. The limit of QTc >480ms, and not the cut-off established for individuals without structural disease, was associated with more severe structural involvement and worse functional class. However, a prolonged QTc was not related with increased arrhythmic risk or adverse clinical outcomes in the population studied. References (1) Hedley PL, Jorgensen P, Schlamowitz S, Wangari R, Moolman-Smook J, Brink PA, et al. The genetic basis of long QT and short QT syndromes: a mutation update. Hum Mutat 2009 Nov;30(11):1486-511. (2) Tester DJ, Will ML, Haglund CM, Ackerman MJ. Compendium of cardiac channel mutations in 541 consecutive unrelated patients referred for long QT syndrome genetic testing. Heart Rhythm 2005 May;2(5):507-17. (3) Sanguinetti MC. HERG1 channelopathies. Pflugers Arch 2010 Jul;460(2):265-76. (4) Moss AJ, Zareba W, Kaufman ES, Gartman E, Peterson DR, Benhorin J, et al. Increased risk of arrhythmic events in long-QT syndrome with mutations in the pore region of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel. Circulation 2002 Feb 19;105(7):794-9. (5) Shimizu W, Moss AJ, Wilde AA, Towbin JA, Ackerman MJ, January CT, et al. Genotype-phenotype aspects of type 2 long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 Nov 24;54(22):2052-62. (6) Kapa S, Tester DJ, Salisbury BA, Harris-Kerr C, Pungliya MS, Alders M, et al. Genetic testing for long-QT syndrome: distinguishing pathogenic mutations from benign variants. Circulation 2009 Nov 3;120(18):1752-60 (7) Johnson JN, Ackerman MJ. QTc: how long is too long? Br J Sports Med 2009 Sep;43(9):657-62. (8) Viskin S, Postema PG, Bhuiyan ZA, Rosso R, Kalman JM, Vohra JK, et al. The response of the QT interval to the brief tachycardia provoked by standing: a bedside test for diagnosing long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 May 4;55(18):1955-61. (9) Adler A, van der Werf C, Postema PG, Rosso R, Bhuiyan ZA, Kalman JM, et al. The phenomenon of "QT stunning": the abnormal QT prolongation provoked by standing persists even as the heart rate returns to normal in patients with long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2012 Jun;9(6):901-8. (10) Shimizu W, Antzelevitch C. Differential effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists in LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 Mar 1;35(3):778-86. (11) Fei L, Slade AK, Grace AA, Malik M, Camm AJ, McKenna WJ. Ambulatory assessment of the QT interval in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: risk stratification and effect of low dose amiodarone. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1994 Nov;17(11 Pt 2):2222-7. (12) Johnson JN, Grifoni C, Bos JM, Saber-Ayad M, Ommen SR, Nistri S, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of QT prolongation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2011 May;32(9):1114-20. 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Santillán, Garzón Sonia. "Aplicación de nuevas tecnologías de secuenciación masiva al diagnóstico de enfermedades genéticas cardíacas heterogéneas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/47409.
Full textCano, García Jordi. "Prediction of the effects of drugs on cardiac activity using computer simulations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/164094.
Full text[CA] Les malalties cardiovasculars continuen sent la principal causa de mort a Europa. Les arrítmies cardíaques són una causa important de mort sobtada, però els seus mecanismes són complexos. Això denota la importància del seu estudi i prevenció. La investigació sobre electrofisiologia cardíaca ha demostrat que les anomalies elèctriques que afecten a canals cardiacs poden desencadenar arrítmies. Sorprenentment, s'ha descobert una gran varietat de fàrmacs proarrítmics, inclosos aquells que utilitzem per a previndre-les. Les indicacions d'ús de fàrmacs actuals van intentar solucionar aquest problema dissenyant una prova per a identificar aquells fàrmacs que podien ser perillosos basada en el bloqueig d'un sol canal iònic. L'estudi de les interaccions fàrmac-canal ha revelat l'existència no sols de compostos que bloquegen múltiples canals, sinó també una gran complexitat en aquestes interaccions. Això podria explicar per què alguns medicaments poden mostrar efectes molt diferents en la mateixa malaltia. Existeixen dos desafiaments importants respecte als efectes dels fàrmacs en la electrofisiologia cardíaca. D'una banda, les empreses i entitats reguladores estan buscant una eina d'alt rendiment que millore la detecció del potencial proarrítmic durant el desenvolupament de fàrmacs. D'altra banda, els pacients amb anomalies elèctriques sovint requereixen tractaments personalitzats més segurs. Les simulacions computacionals contenen un poder sense precedents per a abordar fenòmens biofísics complexos. Haurien de ser d'utilitat a l'hora de determinar les característiques que defineixen tant els efectes beneficiosos com no desitjats dels fàrmacs mitjançant la reproducció de dades experimentals i clíniques. En aquesta tesi doctoral, s'han utilitzat models computacionals i simulacions per a donar resposta a aquests dos desafiaments. L'estudi dels efectes dels fàrmacs sobre l'activitat cardíaca es va dividir en l'estudi de la seva seguretat i la seva eficacia. Per a donar resposta al primer desafiament, es va adoptar un enfocament més ampli i es va generar un nou biomarcador fàcil d'usar per a la classificació del potencial proarrítmic dels fàrmacs utilitzant models del potencial d'acció de cèl·lules i teixits cardíacs humans. Es va integrar el bloqueig de múltiples canals a través d'IC50 i l'ús de concentracions terapèutiques amb la finalitat de millorar el poder predictiu. Després, es va entrenar el biomarcador quantificant el potencial proarrítmic de 84 fàrmacs. Els resultats obtinguts suggereixen que el biomarcador podria usar-se per a provar el potencial proarrítmic de nous fàrmacs. Respecte al segon desafiament, es va adoptar un enfocament més específic i es va buscar millorar la teràpia de pacients amb anomalies elèctriques cardíaques. Per tant, es va crear un model detallat de la mutació V411M del canal de sodi, causant de la síndrome de QT llarg, reproduint dades clíniques i experimentals. Es van avaluar els possibles efectes beneficiosos de ranolazina, a l'una que es va aportar informació sobre els mecanismes que impulsen l'efectivitat de la flecainida. Els resultats obtinguts suggereixen que, si bé tots dos fàrmacs van mostrar diferents mecanismes de bloqueig dels canals de sodi, un tractament amb ranolazina podria ser beneficiós en aquests pacients.
[EN] Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of death in Europe. Cardiac arrhythmias are an important cause of sudden death, but their mechanisms are complex. This denotes the importance of their study and prevention. Research on cardiac electrophysiology has shown that electrical abnormalities caused by mutations in cardiac channels can trigger arrhythmias. Surprisingly, a wide variety of drugs have also shown proarrhythmic potential, including those that we use to prevent arrhythmia. Current guidelines designed a test to identify dangerous drugs by assessing their blocking power on a single ion channel to address this situation. Study of drug-channel interactions has revealed not only compounds that block multiple channels but also a great complexity in those interactions. This could explain why similar drugs can show vastly different effects in some diseases. There are two important challenges regarding the effects of drugs on cardiac electrophysiology. On the one hand, companies and regulators are in search of a high throughput tool that improves proarrhythmic potential detection during drug development. On the other hand, patients with electrical abnormalities often require safer personalized treatments owing to their condition. Computer simulations provide an unprecedented power to tackle complex biophysical phenomena. They should prove useful determining the characteristics that define the drugs' beneficial and unwanted effects by reproducing experimental and clinical observations. In this PhD thesis, we used computational models and simulations to address the two abovementioned challenges. We split the study of drug effects on the cardiac activity into the study of their safety and efficacy, respectively. For the former, we took a wider approach and generated a new easy-to-use biomarker for proarrhythmic potential classification using cardiac cell and tissue human action potential models. We integrated multiple channel block through IC50s and therapeutic concentrations to improve its predictive power. Then, we quantified the proarrhythmic potential of 84 drugs to train the biomarker. Our results suggest that it could be used to test the proarrhythmic potential of new drugs. For the second challenge, we took a more specific approach and sought to improve the therapy of patients with cardiac electrical abnormalities. Therefore, we created a detailed model for the long QT syndrome-causing V411M mutation of the sodium channel reproducing clinical and experimental data. We tested the potential benefits of ranolazine, while giving insights into the mechanisms that drive flecainide's effectiveness. Our results suggest that while both drugs showed different mechanisms of sodium channel block, ranolazine could prove beneficial in these patients.
This PhD thesis was developed within the following projects: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) DPI2015-69125-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE): Simulación computacional para la predicción personalizada de los efectos de los fármacos sobre la actividad cardiaca. Dirección General de Política Científica de la Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEU2016/088): “Modelos computacionales personalizados multiescala para la optimización del diagnóstico y tratamiento de arritmias cardiacas (personalised digital heart). Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia de la Universitat Politècnica de València, Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigación (PAID-06-18), and by Memorial Nacho Barberá. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (La Fe Biobank PT17/0015/0043).
Cano García, J. (2021). Prediction of the effects of drugs on cardiac activity using computer simulations [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164094
TESIS
González, Garza Rodolfo Serafín. "Diferencias relacionadas al sexo y la edad bajo los efectos de mutaciones y el fármaco Dofetilide." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11404.
Full textGonzález Garza, RS. (2011). Diferencias relacionadas al sexo y la edad bajo los efectos de mutaciones y el fármaco Dofetilide [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11404
Palancia
Crespo, Martín Iris. "Neuropsychological evaluation of patients with acromegaly and Cushing’s syndrome: Long-term effects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392681.
Full textThe studies described in this thesis focus on the neuropsychological consequences in patients who have suffered Cushing’s syndrome (CS, due to glucocorticoid excess) and acromegaly (due to excess of growth hormone -GH-). It is known that prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids may have long-lasting adverse effects in CS patients who do not completely return to premorbid level of functioning and quality of life despite long-term cure. On the other hand, in acromegalic patients, potential long-lasting effects of GH on the brain affecting personality, cognition and behaviour have not been considered until recently. Making a choice is a common behavior in daily life and requires selecting one option among several alternative possibilities. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a measurement of decision making that mimics real-life risk taking situations since it involves uncertainty, reward and punishment. Frontal cortex has a key role in the IGT because it has the ability to coordinate processing among its millions of neurons in order to direct them towards future goals and advantageous decisions. The aims of these studies were to evaluate memory and decision making in patients with CS and acromegaly, and explore their relationship with frontal cortex and affective disorders. Thirty-five CS patients and thirty-five matched controls were evaluated using the IGT and 3Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess frontal cortical thickness. Thirty-one patients with acromegaly and thirty-one healthy controls were evaluated using the IGT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). In the first study, CS patients presented an altered decision-making strategy compared to controls, choosing a lower number of the safer cards and higher number of riskier cards. They showed more difficulties than controls to learn the correct profiles of wins and losses for each card group. In whole brain analysis, CS patients showed decreased cortical thickness in the left superior frontal cortex, left precentral cortex, left insular cortex, left and right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and right caudal middle frontal cortex compared to controls. In the second study, acromegalic patients showed impairments in delayed verbal memory and more anxiety and depressive symptoms than controls. Regarding the IGT, acromegalic patients presented an altered decision-making strategy compared to controls, choosing a lower number of the safer cards and higher number of the riskier cards. Multiple correlations between anxiety and depressive symptoms and performance in memory and decision making were found. These studies show impaired decision making in both CS and acromegalic patients. They selected more disadvantageous choices than advantageous choices. Whereas healthy controls gradually learned to favor the advantageous decks, patients with acromegaly and CS continued to experience large punishment throughout training. We have not found a direct relationship between poor decision making and frontal cortical thinning in CS patients, opposite to previous studies on other clinical conditions. Decision deficits on the IGT were correlated with memory deficits in CS and acromegalic patients. Moreover, acromegalic patients show affective alterations (anxiety and depressive symptoms) that influenced delayed memory and decision making.
Riuró, Helena. "El paper de les subunitats beta en la regulació del canal de sodi cardíac associat a la mort sobtada." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285269.
Full textLong QT Syndrome (LQTS) and Brugada Syndrome (BrS) are inheritable cardiac diseases with a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to electric alterations without structural defects of the heart. These alterations are determined by mutations in cardiac ion channels or regulatory proteins. However, near 20-35% of LQTS patients and 60-75% of BrS patients remain without a genetic diagnosis after the screening of LQTS and BrS-previously related genes. Our assumption was that mutations in the sodium channel β subunits, still not related to the respective disease, could explain the phenotype in patients without a mutation after genetic screening. We identify for the first time mutations in two β subunits genes (SCN1Bb and SCN2B) responsible for LQTS and BrS, respectively; and our studies provide new evidences of the genetic basis of LQTS and BrS, and support the growing evidence of the important role of β subunits on cardiac sodium channel function.
Silva, Vera Andreia Ribeiro Passos da. "Alterações do intervalo QT no eletrocardiograma: Síndrome do QT longo e Síndrome do QT curto." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75866.
Full textSilva, Vera Andreia Ribeiro Passos da. "Alterações do intervalo QT no eletrocardiograma: Síndrome do QT longo e Síndrome do QT curto." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75866.
Full textVaz, Sara Oliveira. "Síndrome do QT longo na criança." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85967.
Full textIntrodução: A síndrome de QT longo contribui para uma percentagem importante da morte súbita na população infantil, o que justifica a necessidade de diagnóstico e tratamento precoces dos pacientes com esta patologia. Objectivos: Revisão de literatura da fisiopatologia, genética, clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento da Síndrome do QT Longo congénita, com especial referência à sua interferência na criança. Exemplos de casos do Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra Desenvolvimento: A definição de síndrome de QT longo engloba um conjunto de problemas na repolarização ventricular cardíaca, caracterizando-se essencialmente por um intervalo QT prolongado no traçado electrocardiográfico. Esta síndrome pode ser congénita ou adquirida, assim, nesta revisão realçar-se-á a ver-tente congénita pela sua elevada prevalência em crianças (1/2500) e a sua relação com a morte súbita infantil. De acordo com Clarke e McDaniel (2009) já foram identificadas doze formas genéticas desta síndrome. Os três tipos genéticos mais prevalentes correspondem ao LQT1, LQT2 e LQT3 e representam uma grande fracção dos doentes geneticamente caracterizados. Os indivíduos afectados mostram uma clínica com um espectro variado de gravidade. Podem apresentar manifestações graves como síncope recorrente, taquiarritmia ventricular mantida, paragem cardíaca e morte súbita, ou variantes sub-clínicas com um intervalo QT bor-derline e sem evidência de síncope ou outras arritmias mais graves. O diagnóstico desta sín-drome não se cinge apenas à clínica e ao traçado electrocardiográfico, pois a história pessoal e familiar, os testes genéticos ou outras técnicas (provas de provocação farmacológica, prova de esforço, entre outros) também podem fornecer informações importantes no que concerne a uma melhor caracterização da doença. O tratamento tem como objectivo prevenir o aparecimento e recorrência de arritmias potencialmente fatais. Geralmente inicia-se com β-bloqueantes, havendo uma percentagem alta de resposta terapêutica. Nos indivíduos refractários aos β-bloqueantes existem terapêuticas adjuvantes como a desnervação simpática esquerda e a implantação de um cardiodesfibrilhador. Os casos clínicos apresentados ilustram as diferentes formas de apresentação do LQTS em idade pediátrica e os genótipos mais prevalentes. Conclusão: Com este trabalho pretende-se chamar a atenção para a necessidade de detecção precoce e boa caracterização desta síndrome, de forma a poder instituir medidas de prevenção e terapêutica adequada e atempada em cada indivíduo, com vista à melhoria da qualidade de vida e sobrevida.
Introduction: The Long QT syndrome contributes to a significant proportion of sudden death in children, which justifies the need for early detection and treatment of patients with this pa-thology. Objectives: Literature review of genetics, clinical, diagnosis and treatment of Long QT Syndrome, with special reference to pediatric age. Examples of cases of the Pediatric Hospital of Coimbra. Development: The definition of long QT syndrome covers a whole range of problems in cardiac ventricular repolarization, primarily characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram. This syndrome may be congenital or acquired, and this review will highlight the congenital component for its high prevalence in children (1 / 2500) and its relation to sudden infant death syndrome. According to Clarke and McDaniel (2009) twelve genetic forms of this syndrome have been identified. The three most prevalent genetic types correspond to the LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3 and represent a large proportion of genotyped patients. Affected individuals exhibit a clinic with a wide spectrum of severity. On the one hand, they may have more severe manifestations such as recurrent syncope, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, cardiac arrest and sudden death. Moreover, on the other hand, it’s possible to verify the existence of sub-clinical variants with a borderline QT interval and no evidence of syncope or other serious arrhythmias. Diagnosis of this syndrome is not confined only to the clinic and electrocardiogram, because personal and family history, genetic testing or other techniques (provocation tests, stress, among others) can also provide important information regarding the better characterization of the disease Treatment aims to prevent the onset and recurrence of potentially fatal arrhythmias. It generally begins with β-blockers, having a high percentage of therapeutic response. In refractory individuals to β-blockers, there are therapeutic adjuvants such as the left sympathetic denervation and implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator. The presented clinical cases include the different forms of presentation of LQTS in children and the most prevalent genotypes. Conclusion: This work aim to draw attention to the need for early detection and good characte-rization of this syndrome in order to institute preventive measures and timely and adequate therapy for each individual, and thus obtain better quality of life and survival.
Inácio, Ana Rita Nunes. "A importância do estudo molecular na síndrome de QT longo." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31973.
Full textIntroduction: The long QT syndrome is a cardiac disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance in most cases. It is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram and by the occurrence of syncope and sudden death. Thirteen genes have been identified in this pathology and the molecular analysis has a yield of 75-80%. Methods: Clinical and molecular characterization of fifteen cases with the diagnosis of long QT syndrome that have been referred to Medical Genetics Department of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra for genetic counseling. Genetic counseling was also performed in 28 at-risk family members. Results: Mutations were identified in 11 cases: one mutation in the KCQN1 gene (6,67%); six in the KCNH2 gene (40%); one in the SCN5A gene (6,67%); and one in the KCNE2 gene (6,67%). In two cases, mutations were detected in more than one gene (13,3%). De novo mutations were found in four cases (44,44%). Half of the relatives studied, not including the parents, were also carriers of the familial mutations. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results are consistent to those described in the literature, except for the lower proportion of cases with KCNQ1 mutations and the higher frequency of de novo mutations. This study showed the relevance of the molecular analysis in this disease, not only for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, but also for the genetic counseling of these families. Key-words: long QT syndrome; genetic counseling; KCNQ1 gene; KCNH2 gene; SCN5A gene; KCNE1 gene; KCNE2 gene
Books on the topic "Síndrome de qt largo"
Grijalba Carabali, Paola Andrea, Adriana Pérez Portocarrero, Jhon Fredy Salazar Riascos, and Jorge Humberto Restrepo Zapata. Guía de protocolo del síndrome de pie diabético. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585248403.
Full textJuri Moran, Joulia Marianita, Paulina Elizabeth Durán Mora, Estefania Vanessa Arauz Andrade, Yessenia Isabel Sarchi Guayasamin, Alejandra Elizabeth Vasquez Fuel, Cesar Wladimir Reyes Padilla, Pamela Nathaly Pastrano Coronado, Lucia Paola Rodriguez Paz, Martha Elizabeth Aguilar Villagran, and Oscar Andres Toapanta Proaño. Ginecología Obstetricia: Patologías durante el embarazo. Mawil Publicaciones de Ecuador, 2019, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/978-9942-826-07-7.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Síndrome de qt largo"
Bueno, Mariana Oliveira Miras, Amanda Meyer da Luz, Ludmila Lâmia Damo Santana, and Andrea Mora de Marco Novellino. "RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: SÍNDROME DO QT LONGO E TORSADES DE POINTES EM PUÉRPERA." In Medicina: Ciências da saúde e pesquisa interdisciplinar 6, 177–79. Atena Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.66221100918.
Full textVictória Pinheiro, Lara, Francisco Paulo Dias Júnior, Ivamara de Morais Silva, Johanna Gabrielle Alves Câmara, Laís Araújo Torres, and Vinicius Campelo Soeiro. "POSSÍVEIS COMPLICAÇÕES CAUSADAS PELO USO DE HIDROXICLOROQUINA E AZITROMICINA POR PORTADORES DA SÍNDROME DO INTERVALO QT LONGO ADQUIRIDO ACOMETIDOS POR COVID-19." In Science e saúde: atualizações sobre a Covid-19, Volume 2. Editora e-Publicar, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47402/ed.ep.c20215215249.
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