Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Singe, physiopathologie du Parkinson'
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Boraud, Thomas. "Physiopathologie des dyskinésies induites par les traitements dopaminergiques : approche électrophysiologique chez le singe traité au MPTP." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M014.
Full textMounayar, Stéphanie. "Mécanismes de compensation dans un modèle de la maladie de Parkinson : approches multiples chez le singe exprimant une régression des symptômes moteurs après intoxication progressive au MTPT." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066480.
Full textBoraud, Thomas. "Etude électrophysiologique du complexe pallidal chez le primate : nouveau regard sur les modèles physiopathologiques de la maladie de Parkinson." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28718.
Full textRoux, Amandine. "Parkine et alpha-synucléine : deux protéines, une voie physiopathologique conduisant à la maladie de Parkinson?" Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066290.
Full textMy thesis focused on the potential interaction between two proteins genetically implicated with Parkinsons’s disease, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and Parkin, throughout study a model of knock-out mice for the gene parkin crossed with mice overexpressing a variant of the human A30P α-syn (hA30Pα-syn), and developp a neurodegenerative motor phenotype. I have highlighted a pathological truncated form of α-syn on the Asp135 previously found in Lewy bodies, in fibrillar deposits in the hA30Pα-syn model. My results suggest that truncation and ubiquitylation secondarily affect the α-syn specifically phosphorylated on Ser129. Further characterization of the deposits has not revealed any obvious differences in the absence of parkin. Analysis of autophagic degradation pathways showed in affected mice a neurodegenerative process associated with accumulation of autophagic structures and debris intracellular material and their release into the extracellular space. These autophagic structures were particularly abundant in Parkin-deficient mice, whereas the density of debris in the extracellular space was also less important. Taken together, our results suggest that the absence of parkin influences the abundance and/or solubility of the PS129α-syn in mice hA30Pα-syn, perhaps by modulating the autophagic response. This work therefore supports the hypothesis that loss of function of Parkin may act as beneficial modifier slowing the aggregation of α-syn in PD-related parkin gene
Cirilli, Laetitia. "Effets de la stimulation à haute fréquence du noyau sous-thalamique sur les fonctions motrices, cognitives et affectives : étude comportementale chez le singe sain et le singe MPTP." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10257.
Full textIn the Parkinson's disease, the high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves considerably the patients’ motor symptoms. By contrast, its non motor effects, on cognition and behavior, are highly variable and remain poorly understood. The objective of the present longitudinal behavioral study was to study both the motor and non motor effects of HFS of the STN in normal as well as in parkinsonian monkeys. It involved two experimental and two control monkeys. In healthy animals, the HFS of the STN induced a decrease in exploratory behavior and an improvement of cognitive performance in associative learning and working memory tasks. Inter-individual differences were nevertheless observed in a motivational task (hypo- or hyper-motivation). We then investigated motor and non motor symptoms during and after MPTP intoxication. Besides the typical motor symptoms, parkinsonian monkeys showed early cognitive and motivational declines during the intoxication. After recovery, only mild motor and cognitive disorders remain detectable. Significant correlations emerged between the decrease in cognitive performance and clinical motor scores. In the final phase of the study, we compared the performance obtained in MPTP monkeys treated with L-Dopa and\or HFS of the STN. Both treatments seem equally efficient on motor symtoms. Neither had deleterious effects on cognition. Unlike L-Dopa therapy, however, the HFS of the STN alone seems to exacerbate hypo-exploration and hypo-motivation. To conclude, the HFS of STN has a more complex effect than a simple inhibition of the stimulated structure, and it would recruit differentially corticostriatal circuits involved in motor, cognitive and affective functions
Atkinson-Clement, Cyril. "La dysarthrie dans la maladie de Parkinson : corrélats physiologiques, cognitifs et fonctionnels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0266.
Full textDysarthria in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the symptoms that do not respond well to treatments. Even though it has been widely described, some aspects of dysarthria remain insufficiently detailed: what are its physiological correlates, its relations with non-motor functions and its functional consequences? Structured in four axes, this thesis aimed at bringing some elements to address these issues.The first axis explored the pathophysiology of dysarthria. Considering the effects of pharmacological and neurosurgical treatments, we demonstrated that none of these treatments allowed to restore a neuro-functional profile equivalent to healthy controls, especially during a task combining axial and distal actions. The second axis focused on the relations between dysarthria and non-motor functions. Some outcomes suggested that these two categories of functions could progress jointly, but also reinforce each other. Using between-dysarthria and between-linguistic comparisons, the third axis considered the functional consequences of dysarthria. We reported that the consequences of dysarthria do not depend on the intelligibility degradation, that it impacts more the patients with an akineto-rigid profile, and that it tends to weaken the between-linguistic differences. The study of speech therapies represented our fourth axis. We concluded that, to be effective, speech therapies in PD have to focus on a unique speech parameter, to be realised intensively and to give feedback to the patient on their productions
Burbaud, Pierre. "Role du noyau sous-thalamique dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson : étude d'un modèle expérimental chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23069.
Full textFaggiani, Emilie. "Les systèmes monoaminergiques : implication dans la physiopathologie et la thérapie de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0222/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease is characterized by the manifestation of motor symptoms mostlyassociated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. While Parkinson’s disease is oftenfocused on motor deficits, the disease is also characterized by non-motor deficits, includinganxiety and depression, which are under studied and consequently are not well treated.Whereas some clinical studies suggested that anxiety and depression could be linked to thedegeneration of dopaminergic neurons, others suggested the involvement of norepinephrineand serotonin in the observed symptoms and also in the efficacy of Levodopa and deep brainstimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.In a first time, we investigated the respective role of the neuronal degeneration of dopamine,noradrenaline and serotonin in the manifestation of motor and non-motor parkinsonian-likedisorders in the rat. Our results demonstrate that despite the importance of the dopaminergicsystem, the disturbances in the three-monoaminergic systems play a key role in themanifestation of motor and non-motor deficits.In a second time, we studied the impact of monoamine depletions on the efficacy ofantiparkinsonian treatments, the Levodopa and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamicnucleus. Our results showed that the combined depletions could deteriorate the efficacy of theLevodopa and of the deep brain stimulation on some deficits. Together, these results canexplain the lack of efficacy of the antiparkinsonian treatments in some patients and thedifficulty to treat all the symptoms.Finally, we investigated the link between the subthalamic nucleus, which is an excitatorystructure of the basal ganglia, and the motor deficits, as well as the involvement of thebasolateral amygdala and the lateral habenula in emotional control of the behavior, and nonmotordeficits. We showed the parallel between changes in the neuronal activity of thesubthalamic nucleus and the motor deficits, of the basolateral amygdala and anxiety and ofthe lateral habenula and depression.Results from this thesis provide new evidences on the involvement of the threemonoaminergicsystems in the pathophysiology and the therapy of Parkinson’s disease
Huot, Philippe. "Étude quantitative des neurones dopaminergiques intrastriataux dans les maladies de Parkinson et de Huntington chez l'humain et le singe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23526/23526.pdf.
Full textEscola, Ludovic. "Propriétés fonctionnelles des neurones de l'aire motrice supplémentaire chez le singe normal et parkinsonien." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28978.
Full textToulorge, Damien. "Mécanismes de contrôle de la survie des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale via une modulation des pools calciques du cytosol, du réticulum endoplasmique ou de la mitochondrie." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066595.
Full textBeaudoin, Maude. "Impact d'une lésion sérotoninergique sur la symptomatologie parkinsonienne : approches multiples chez le singe MPTP-MDMA." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10115.
Full textParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive and irreversible degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons localized in the substantia nigra, leading to the loss of dopamine within the target structures (mainly the striatum). When the DA loss reaches 60 to 80%, PD patients develop motor symptoms (rigidity, tremor, akinesia/bradykinesia). DA treatments allow counteracting symptoms expression but also induce after a certain time the appearance of disabling complications. Moreover, patients also develop non-motor symptoms that can emerge before, during or after the appearance of motor symptoms. ln addition to DA degeneration, PD patients present serotoninergic (5-HT) alteration evidenced in post-mortem and more recently by position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Correlations have been shown between the 5-HT alteration and the severity of some motor and non-motor symptoms as well as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. However, to date, none study evidenced a direct causal link between the 5-HT alteration and the expression of parkinsonian symptoms. lt was crucial to clarify the exact role of 5-HT in the development of parkinsonian symptoms. ln this context, we have developed a new model of PD. This model has allowed studying the impact of the 5-HT lesion on the parkinsonian symptomatology. We have evidenced the involvement of the 5-HT system in the expression of parkinsonian rigidity. Moreover, we have demonstrated the causal role of the 5-HT fibers in the development of complications induced by the L-DOPA treatment
Hantraye, Philippe. "Physiologie et physiopathologie des récepteurs des benzodiazépines de type central études chez le singe et l'homme par tomographie par émission de positons /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605805h.
Full textHantraye, Philippe. "Physiologie et physiopathologie des recepteurs des benzodiazepines de type central : etudes chez le singe et l'homme par tomographie par emission de positons." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066425.
Full textPessiglione, Mathias. "Dopamine, ganglions de la base et selection de l'action : du singe MPTP au patient parkinsonien approche électrophysiologique et comportementale." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066264.
Full textChetrit, Jonathan. "Les récepteurs dopaminergiques D5 du noyau sous-thalamique : implication dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21644/document.
Full textBurst-firing in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Previous in vitro studies have raised the hypothesis of the involvement of dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) in the genesis of this pathological activity. Here we have shown that D5R exert a constitutive activity in vivo, which can be blocked by local application of a-flupentixol. Blockade of this intrinsic activity improved locomotor behaviour in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease and alleviate burst-firing of STN neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results highlight the key role play by local D5R in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and open the way to new pharmacological treatment of the disease… In addition to this property D5R inverse agonist, a-flupentixol is known for its antipsychotic properties as a D2R antagonist. Therefore, when injected systemically, it induced motor disturbances and catalepsy characterized as extrapyramidal motor side-effects. The electrophysiological mechanisms underlying this cataleptic state had never been studied before. Here we have demonstrated that the intra-peritoneal administration of a-flupentixol induced dramatic changes in the electrical activity of the basal ganglia network. Indeed, we observed an increase in firing rate of globus pallidus neurons and a decrease in both STN and substantia nigra pars reticulata, accompanied by a disorganisation of the electrical activity of these two nuclei. This study provides an overview of the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying extrapyramidal motor side-effects induced by antipsychotics, and stresses the fundamental nature of the disorganisation of the electrical activity in the basal ganglia network as a source of movement disorders
Delaville, Claire. "Implication des systèmes monoaminergiques dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson : étude comportementale et électrophysiologique in vivo." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21828/document.
Full textThe loss of dopamine (DA) nigro-striatal neurons has been the pathophysiological focus of the devastating conditions of Parkinson’s disease, but depletion of DA alone in animal models has failed to simultaneously elicit both the motor and non-motor deficits of PD. There is growing evidence that additional loss of locus coeruleus noradrenaline (NA) and dorsal raphe serotonin (5-HT) neurons in PD could be involved in the clinical expression of many of the observed deficits but also on the efficiency and on the side effects of antiparkinsonian treatments, L-Dopa and High Frequency Stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN).First, we focused on the respective role of DA, NA and 5-HT systems on motor and non-motor deficits and on the pathological activity of three basal ganglia nuclei, STN, substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus. Results of the present study bring new insights into the combined roles of the three monoaminergic systems in the motor and non motor symptoms of PD and also into the pathological activity of basal ganglia nuclei.Second, we studied the involvement of DA, NA and 5-HT depletions on the efficiency of L-Dopa and HFS of STN. Our results show that when DA depletion is combined with another monoamine depletion, STN HFS is less efficient compared to the situation when DA is depleted alone. These data provide a clear explanation on the lack of efficacy of this treatment in some operated parkinsonian patients.Finally, as few studies focused on NAergic modulation of basal ganglia, we studied the effects of NAergic agents locally injected into the STN on motor behavior and also on STN neuronal activity. We show that alpha 1 NAergic receptors are implicated in the modulation of firing rate and that alpha 2 receptors play an important role in the emergence of burst activity, which could be at the origin of motor deficits.Results of this thesis provide new evidences on the involvement of the three monoaminergic systems in motor and non motor symptoms and also in the efficiency of antiparkinsonian treatments. Moreover, we show that NAergic alpha receptors are implicated in the control of STN neuronal activity and consequently in the motor control
Ztaou, Samira. "Implication des interneurones cholinergiques striataux dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson : étude optogénétique, pharmacologique et comportementale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4736/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a dopamiergic loss into the striatum, a subcortical structure involved in motor control, memory and emotional behaviors. Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) play a key role in this pathological reorganization of the striatal circuitry by modulating striatal projection neurons (MSNs). This study aims to investigate the involvement of ChIs and muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) in the mechanisms underlying the expression of motor, cognitive and emotional deficits observed in different models of PD in mice. ChIs optogenetic inhibition reduced motor deficits (akinesia, postural asymmetry, sensorimotor deficit). Electrophysiological recordings show that ChIs photoinhibition reduces MSNs excitability and restores the balance between the two striatal output pathways. These antiparkinsonian effects are reproduced by pharmacological intrastriatal blockade of M1 and M4 mAChRs. They are due to a preferential action of ACh on mAChRs expressed on striatonigral MSNs since the deficits disappear in mutant mice that lack M4 mAChRs only in these neurons. ChIs photoinhibition also reduces memory deficits and anxiety. M1 mAChRs antagonist reduces anxiety but is inefficient on memory deficits, suggesting that other cholinergic receptors might be involved in striatal memory functions. Overall, these results give new insights on the role of cholinergic interneurons in the normal and pathological functioning of the striatum
Bézard, Erwan. "Approche dynamique de la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson : étude des phénomènes compensatoires glutamatergiques dans un modèle évolutif chez la souris et le primate traités au MPTP." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28597.
Full textSikora, Joanna. "Role of synaptic zinc in pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200528_SIKORA_198ht694r524fb226zdlg_TH%20(2).pdf.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is severe neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons that project to the striatum, a brain region that controls voluntary movements. Using genetic and behavioral approaches in mice we studied the role of synaptic Zn2+ in PD. This cation is co-released alongside glutamate in the striatum by corticostriatal terminal, but it contribution to PD remain unexplored. Our findings show for the first time that synaptic Zn2+ is a key actor in the pathophysiology of PD. They suggests that synaptically released Zn2+ in the striatum may play a deleterious modulatory role by promoting the expression of motor and non-motor (cognitive and emotional complications) deficits of the disease
Prange, Stéphane. "Physiopathologie de l'hétérogénéité phénotypique et pronostique de la maladie de Parkinson : études de cohortes et imagerie multimodale in vivo." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1015.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Belujon, Pauline. "Régulation de l'activité électrique du locus coeruleus et son implication dans la physiologie et la physiopathologie du contrôle moteur." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21287.
Full textThe focus of this study is the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) which has a number of well-established physiological roles as well as being a possible cause of several pathologies. In particular, properties of GABAergic synaptic input to the LC were investigated. LC neurons express a specific set of GABA receptor subunits : α3, together with the rare subunits (epsilon) and (thêta). The pharmacology of the GABA A receptors in the LC was established and their kinetic properties described. The possible role of noradrenergic efferents from theLC in basal ganglia function was also investigated, including the action of noradrenergic agents in vivo. A positive effect of an α2 antagonist, idazoxan, on spontaneous voluntary movements which is accomlpanied by a reduction in the firing frequency of a crucial nucleus in basal ganglia function, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), was found
Benazzouz, Abdelhamid. "Mise au point d'un modèle hemiparkinsonien chez le primate subhumain et approche thérapeutique par stimulation à haute fréquence du noyau subthalamique." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28228.
Full textSabatini, Umberto. "Activation du débit sanguin cérébral. Modulation pharmacologique. Maladie de Parkinson et récupération fonctionnelle." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30118.
Full textLopez, Cuina Miguel. "Physiopathologie et traitement de l'atrophie multisystématisée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0217.
Full textMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects numerous regions of the central nervous system, including the olivopontocerebellar and striatonigral systems as well as various autonomous nuclei of the brainstem. The pathological hallmark of MSA is the presence of oligodendroglial aggregates called glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) whose main component is the protein ¦Á-synuclein. The neurodegenerative process leads to severe impairment of autonomic dysfunction, together with a varying degree of parkinsonian and cerebellar syndromes. There is currently no disease modifying therapy available. This PhD work focused, on the one hand, on preclinical approaches aiming to reduce the accumulation of ¦Á-synuclein in an animal model of MSA, and on the other hand, on a neuropathological analysis in patients with a slowly progressive subtype of the disease. Throughout the three years of work, we have assessed different therapeutic candidates in an animal model of MSA. Rapamycin, a drug known to enhance autophagy and protein clearance, showed only a partial neuroprotective effect against neural loss in our model. Nilotinib, a drug that had shown neuroprotective properties in a Parkinson¡¯s disease animal model, failed to modify the disease course in our study. Finally, we evaluated the combinations of two drugs that have already proven to reduce a-synuclein aggregation and protect neurons from degeneration, to assess whether they have synergistic properties.Keywords: Synuclein, Multiple system atrophy, glial cytoplasmic inclusions, post-mortem human brain study, rodent, translational approach, c-terminal truncation, phosphorylation, autophagy, protein aggregation
Neumane, Sara. "Mécanismes de compensation dans la maladie de Parkinson : approches comportementale, pharmacologique, de neuro-imagerie et immunohistochimique chez le singe intoxiqué au MPTP après récupération des symptômes moteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10045.
Full textJacoupy, Maxime. "Perte de fonction de la voie de signalisation <> dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson - Mécanismes et conséquences." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066387/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is linked to a specific loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substancia nigra. The disease is most often sporadic but familial monogenic forms exist, for example due to mutations in PARK2 or PINK1. Those genes encore the cytosolic ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin and the mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase PINK1, both essential for mitochondrial quality control. This work studies the role of their interaction at the outer mitochondrial membrane in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. We found that the association of PINK1 and Parkin to the mitochondrial import TOM complex during mitochondrial stress induces the import of most proteins targeted to mitochondria; that destabilizing this complex is sufficient to initiate mitophagy; and that Parkin activation by PINK1 facilitates the import of its substrate, HSD17β10. We developed an inducible BRET-based molecular biosensor to study the classical pre-sequence import pathway. We also found, in a neuronal model, that mitochondrial stress induced a strong increase in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis key genes, in the presence of Parkin; and that these genes are basally up-regulated in PARK2-/- neurons, possibly reflecting an alteration of acute stress response. These results increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of autosomal recessive forms of PD, underlining the importance of the PINK1/Parkin pathway in mitochondrial import and biogenesis
Devos, David. "Effet de la L-Dopa et de la stimulation pallidale interne et subthalamique sur les variations de synchronisation des rythmes électrocorticaux liées au mouvement volontaire dans la maladie de Parkinson évoluée." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S006.
Full textIn the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), impaired motor preparation has been related to a decrease in the latency of mu rhythm movement-related desynchronisation, suggesting hypo activation of the contralateral, primary sensorimotor cortex. Following movement, a decrease in amplitude of beta rhythm movement-related synchronisation was observed over the same region. The decrease – absent in control subjects – was thus thought to be related to an impairment in cortical deactivation. By monitoring movement-related (de)synchronisation, we aimed i) to exted to advanced PD the observations made in less-advanced situations and ii) to test the effect of acute L-Dopa, pallidal and subthalamic stimulation on these abnormalities. The UPDRS III score decreased by about 60% under subthalamic stimulation and following acute L-Dopa administration and by 40 % under pallidal stimulation. We observed the following concurrent changes under subthalamic stimulation and L-Dopa: a marked increase in mu desynchronisation latency during movement preparation over contralateral central region ; an increase in mu desynchronisation during movement execution over bilateral central regions; a decrease in mu desynchronisation latency over bilateral frontocentral region and an increase in beta synchronisation over contralateral central region after movement. Mu desynchronisation latency was not improved under pallidal stimulation. Changes of mu beta rhythm parameters seemed to be inversely correlated with bradykinesia. Mu rhythm desynchronisation latency and the beta synchronisation amplitude further decreased in advanced PD compared to early stages, suggesting greater impairment of cortical activation/deactivation as the disease progresses and a partial restoration in relation toclinical improvement under treatments. L-dopa and deep brain stimulation partially restored the abnormal paterns of cortical activity, possibly by decreasing the low frequancy hyper synchronisation at rest. This mechanism could be involved at the basal ganglia level in the sensorimotor integration implicated in the movement control
Cash, Roland. "Sites de liaison catécholaminergiques et imipraminiques dans le cerveau humain : application à l'étude de la maladie de Parkinson." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066360.
Full textBaillet, Nicolas. "Pathologie comparée de la fièvre de Lassa chez le singe cynomolgus : mécanismes pathogéniques précoces, réponses immunitaires et marqueurs d’infection." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1307.
Full textLassa virus causes a hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa and represents a threat for civilians. The pathogenesis and the immune responses associated with the disease are poorly understood. We followed pathological, virological and immunological parameters associated with fatal and non-fatal Lassa virus infection in the cynomolgus monkey. The clinical picture was characterized by depression, anorexia, weight loss and asthenia in survivors whereas the same symptoms were supported by fever, respiratory difficulties and epistaxis in animals infected with the lethal dose. Only fatalities have shown coagulation parameters dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis and an increase of renal function markers. We observed a different viral tropism in a function of the disease severity, with viral dissemination in organs that was more important and faster in fatalities, the appearance of numerous infectious particles number and more severe pathologic changes. Early and robust innate and adaptive immune response has been associated with the control of infection and recovery whereas fatal infections were characterized by a sepsis like inflammatory response, defective immune response as well as uncontrolled viral replication. This study sheds light on the pathogenesis of Lassa fever and reveals infection markers predictive of the disease outcome
Thobois, Stéphane Christophe. "Étude par tomographie par émission de positons de la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson et de l'effet de la stimulation sous-thalamique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T029.
Full textAnnic, Agnès. "Physiopathologie des troubles de la sélectivité attentionnelle dans la maladie de Parkinson : rôle des processus de capture et de contrôle volontaire de l'attention." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S046/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, causing a progressive loss of dopamine neurotransmission within the basal ganglia. Apart from motor symptoms, PD patients have cognitive disorders. Namely, focused attention is impaired and PD patients fail to select task-relevant information, leading sometimes to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The origin of this impairment is still debated: PD-related selective attention deficit may be due either to a failure of goal-directed or stimulus-driven attention. Sensory gating helps the individuals to selectively allocate their attentional resources to salient stimuli and to inhibit irrelevant information. One of the physiological marker of this process is referred to as prepulse inhibition (PPI). It corresponds to the attenuation of the motor and cortical responses to a startling stimulus (pulse) when a non-startling stimulus (the prepulse) precedes the pulse by few milliseconds. PPI can be modulated by attention, its magnitude being greater after a to-be attended prepulse. Moreover, PPI is mediated by basal ganglia.The main aim of this work was to better identify the mechanisms involved in selective attention deficits in PD. We used an active PPI paradigm and recorded the cortical response to the pulse. We assumed that PD patients would exhibit a lower inhibition of the cortical response than healthy controls. If attention deficits in PD are related to an impairment of goal-directed attention, PD patients would exhibit lower inhibition after a to-be attended prepulse than in the other conditions. At the opposite, if it is due to a failure of stimulus-driven attention, inhibition would be lower after a prepulse which involuntarily captures attention than in the other conditions.In order to reach this objective, we have first developed and validated a new active PPI paradigm in order to investigate the role of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention on sensory-cognitive gating. To this end, high resolution electroencephalogram was recorded in 26 young healthy subjects. They performed a selective attention task combined with an active PPI paradigm and the auditory-evoked and induced cortical response to the pulse was recorded. Then, the same procedure was administered in 16 elderly healthy subjects, 16 PD patients without MCI and 16 PD patients with MCI. In young healthy subjects, we found that stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention each had specific effects on the inhibition of the evoked and induced response to the pulse. The investigation of age-related changes on sensory gating revealed that the induced cortical response was more sensitive for assessing age-related changes than the evoked response. Then, we chose this cortical marker to investigate sensory gating in PD. Our results showed that PD patients with MCI exhibit lower inhibition of induced cortical response to the pulse than healthy controls. This finding confirms previous results showing a high distractibility in these patients. Moreover, PD patients exhibit impaired theta synchronization when focused attention was engaged
Deguil, Julie. "Perturbations du contrôle traductionnel et troubles cognitifs dans un modèle expérimental de la maladie de Parkinson : études de neuroprotection." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT1801.
Full textSimonin, Clémence. "De la stimulation cérébrale profonde à l’étude physiopathologique de certaines formes génétiques de la Maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S032/document.
Full textObjectives: First, to study the mid- and long term effects of DBS in patients with a genetic form of PD from our clinic, and second, to achieve a clinical, genetic and transcriptomic study of a group of parkinsonian patients bearing a mutation in the SCA2 gene (so called SCA2 patients)Methods: 1/ Effects of DBS in patients with a genetic form of PD: five patients with a genetic form of PD, belonging to a cohort of 52 PD patients who underwent a subthalamic nucleus high frequency stimulation between 1998 and 2000, were evaluated before surgery and then after 1 and 5 years with and without L-dopa, using several scales: UPDRS II and III, dyskinesia, Schwab and England, Mattis and MADRS. The results were compared with the patients of the same cohort having a sporadic form of PD. 2/ Study of the parkinsonian SCA2 patients: the clinical picture is related retrospectively. Genetic and transcriptomic studies were performed on blood mononuclear cells from 7 parkinsonian and 8 cerebellar SCA2 patients. DNA sequencing allowed to determine the length of the CAG triplets repeat and to identify the interruptions by CAA triplets. Transcriptomes of these patients and of 13 matched controls (healthy subjects paired according to gender and age) were profiled using 2 platforms of whole human genome expression micro-arrays (Agilent and Illumina). Analyses of differential expression in cerebellar and parkinsonian patients vs their respective controls were performed with GeneSpring GX software. Genes with significant differences (fold change >1.3 and Welch t-test p< 0.05) were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software which identified significantly deregulated canonical pathways.Results: 1/ Effects of DBS in patients with a genetic form of PD: the results concerning the whole cohort of PD patients were similar to the literature. L-dopa-induced involuntary movements improved over time. Patients with a genetic form of PD had a best result than other patients on dopa-responsive signs and dopa-induced complications.2/ study of the parkinsonian SCA2 patients: clinical features were very typical of PD, with a mean age of onset of 55.2 years, a good L-dopa responsiveness, and classical complications of PD. DNA sequencing showed slightly longer expansions in cerebellar (37-41 triplets) than in parkinsonian patients (35-39). Cerebellar patients had no CAA interruption on their mutated allele. All parkinsonian patients had an unusual pattern of CAA interruptions. Concerning the transcriptomic study, cerebellar and parkinsonian patients had a deregulation in the expression of genes known to interact with ataxin-2 (DDX6, PABP, genes in the inositol phosphates metabolism pathway), as well as genes involved in the metabolism of cancer and in immunity. Parkinsonian patients had a deregulation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, VEGF and HIF1 signaling pathways. In these patients, including the least symptomatic ones, SNCA expression was down-regulated, whereas it was not in cerebellar patients. In cerebellar patients, several pathways concerning the metabolism or RNAs were deregulated, as well as p53 signaling. Several canonical pathways involving apoptosis were deregulated in both groups of patients, with an expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes in favor of apoptosis in cerebellar patients and going against apoptosis in parkinsonian patients.
Pain, Stéphanie. "Neurotoxicité du 1-méthyl-4-phénylpyridinium (MPP+) après injection intranigrale chez le rat : évaluation de l'altération de la voie dopaminergique nigrostriée." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT1802.
Full textBastide, Matthieu. "Approche expérimentale de la physiopathologie des dyskinésies L-Dopa induites dans la maladie de Parkinson : comparaison de la cible classique, le striatum avec l’ensemble du cerveau." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0132/document.
Full textThe gold standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains the dopamine precursor L- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa). Long-term L-Dopa treatment systematically leads to abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) called L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). These manifestations first led to investigate the neuronal dysfunctions in the motor regions of thebasal ganglia and unravelled an overexpression of ΔFosB, ARC, Zif268 and FRA2 immediate-early genes (IEG) in the dopamine-depleted striatum of dyskinetic rats. However, other several dopaminoceptive structures, likely affected by the exogenously produced dopamine, have been neglected although they might play a key role in mediating LID. Hence, we assessed the expression of ΔFosB, ARC, FRA2 and Zif268 IEGs in the whole brain of dyskinetic rats compared to non-dyskinetic ones. Such approach shed light notably upon 9 structures located outside of the basal ganglia displaying an IEG overexpression. Among them, the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBST) and the lateralhabenula (LHb) displayed a significant correlation between ΔFosB expression and LID severity. We therefore postulated that these structures might play a role in LID manifestation. Therefore, to assess dlBST and LHb causal roles upon LID severity, we inhibited the electrical activity of FosB/ΔFosB-expressing neurons using the selective Daun02/β- galactosidase inactivation method that we previously validated in a well known structure involve in LID: the striatum. Interestingly, the inactivation of dlBST and LHb ΔfosBexpressing neurons alleviated LID severity and increased the beneficial effect of L-Dopa in dyskinetic rats. Remarkably, BST involvement in LID was confirmed in the gold standard model of LID, the dyskinetic MPTP-lesioned macaque. Altogether, our results highlight for the first time the functional involvement of 2 structures
Haddjeri, Alexis. "Robustesse du phénotype électrique des neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire compacte à la délétion des canaux potassium Kv4.3 et SK3." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191211_HADDJERI_482kf140lioz770fao837wbiyys_TH.pdf.
Full textDuring my PhD, I precisely characterized the variations in electrical phenotype of the SNc DA neurons in Kv4.3 and SK3 KO animals, in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In a first study, I analyzed a large number of electrophysiological parameters in these animals Combined with acute pharmacological blockade of these ion channels, I showed that Kv4.3 chronic deletion leads to a phenotypic change similar to the one induced by acute blockade of the channel while SK3 deletion appears to be compensated by other ion channels (in particular SK2). Motor behavior testing of Kv4.3 and SK3 KO animals confirmed the robustness of SK3 animals and the absence of robustness of Kv4.3 animals. In a second preliminary study, we used a bilateral partial lesion model to assess the behavioral and electrophysiological consequences of SK3 deletion on Parkinson's disease development. Our results suggest that in "Parkinson's" conditions, the chronic deletion of SK3 channel is associated with a slight anti-anxiety effect, the suppression of dopaminergic agonist hypersensitivity but also with motor deficits. From an electrophysiological viewpoint, the SNc DA neurons display a pacemaking behavior similar to the untreated condition. These two studies suggest that SNc DA neuron activity displays a partial and variable robustness to potassium channel deletion (robust to SK3 deletion, sensitive to Kv4.3 deletion) that can be revealed in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This work will help understanding how ion channel mutations may alter SNc DA neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease
Al-Sweidi, Sara. "Mécanismes d'action des composés oestrogéniques dans la neuroprotection chez la souris MPTP = : Neuroprotective mechanisms of estrogenic compounds in MPTP mice." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20073.
Full textHirsch, Étienne. "Approche physiopathologique de la maladie de parkinson : analyse immunocytochimique du systeme mesostriatal et caracterisation de deux antigenes du corps de lewy." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066627.
Full textBoulet, Sabrina. "Modifications neurochimiques au sein des ganglions de la base et comportements moteurs associés lors d'une stimulation électrique du noyau subthalamique chez le rat hémiparkinsonien ou de la mise en place de la dénervation dopaminergique chez le singe." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110256.
Full textDans une première partie, nous avons analysé les effets de la SHF du NST sur le comportement moteur de rats sains et 6-OHDA et nous avons établi une corrélation entre ces effets et les taux de glutamate et de GABA extracellulaire mesurés par microdialyse intracérébrale au sein de la SNr. Ces données comportementales et neurochimiques couplées à des injections pharmacologiques intranigrales suggèrent que les dyskinésies de la patte avant induites par la SHF du NST sont médiées par le glutamate et fournissent de nouveaux arguments quant aux mécanismes de la SHF du NST dans la MP.
Dans une seconde partie nous avons réalisé des microdialyses intracérébrales chez des singes normaux, puis exprimant pleinement les symptômes moteurs induits par le MPTP et enfin après récupération de ces symptômes moteurs dans le but de corréler les déficits et la récupération motrice à des changements de concentration de neurotransmetteurs présents dans deux territoires striataux : le sensori-moteur et le limbique. Notre étude s'est focalisée sur la dopamine et ses métabolites, le glutamate, le GABA et la sérotonine. Nos résultats montrent que les variations de dopamine pourraient jouer un rôle important dans les mécanismes de compensation permettant la récupération de fonctions motrices normales.
Tamim, Mohamed Khalil. "Implication du système GABAergique et des peptides neuromodulateurs dans la survenue des dyskinésies induites par la Lévodopa." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26323/26323.pdf.
Full textHadj-Bouziane, Fadila. "Rôle des ganglions de la base dans l'apprentissage associatif conditionnel : une approche multidisciplinaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006160.
Full textRotgé, Jean-Yves. "Rôle des voies thalamo-corticales dans le trouble obsessionnel-compulsif : approches méta-analytique et physiopathologique chez l'homme et l'animal." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21783/document.
Full textObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent and disabling anxiety disorder. Available treatments are effective for most patients but impairing residual symptoms and treatment resistance are common in OCD patients. Therefore, a better understanding of OCD pathophysiology is essential for further improvement of therapeutic strategies. The main goal of my thesis was to assess the anatomical and funtional thalamocortical alterations associated with OCD. Concerning the anatomical thalamocortical alterations associated with OCD, we conducted two meta-analyses of anatomical neuroimaging studies and an original volumetric neuroimaging study. We reported a smaller thalamic volume and a greater orbitofrontal volume, but also an inverse relationship between the volume changes in OCD patients compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, we showed that gray matter density within the orbitofrontal cortex and the putamen were enhanced in OCD. Concerning the functional thalamocortical alterations associated with OCD, we reported data coming from a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies, an experimental study in subhuman primates using local brain pharmacological manipulations and an event-related neuroimaging study in OCD patients. In our meta-analysis, we showed that the orbitofrontal cortex, the thalamus and the striatum were involved in the mediation of OCD symptoms. In subhuman primates, the pharmacologically induced overactivity within the ventralanterior thalamic nucleus leaded to the emergence of compulsive-like behaviors. Then, in our neuroimaging study, we found that doubt-related orbitofrontal dysfunctions were not modulated by neither error signals nor compulsive-like behaviors in OCD patients, compared with healthy subjects. Finally, we described by using meta-analytic data that anatomical and functional brain alterations overlap with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in OCD. In conclusion, our results suggest that the thalamo-orbitofrontal network may play a primary role in the genesis and mediation of OCD symptoms
Bertolin, Giulia. "Elucidating the functional interplay between Parkinson’s disease-related proteins and the mitochondrion." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T043/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, affecting nearly 5% of the world population over the age of 80. Nearly 10% of PD cases are familial forms with Mendelian inheritance pattern. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been suspected to play a role in the physiopathology of sporadic PD. This possibility has been recently corroborated by major discoveries in the field of autosomal recessive PD. Parkin and PINK1, the products of two genes associated with these forms, participate in a common molecular pathway focused on maintenance of mitochondrial quality, with roles in mitochondrial transport, dynamics, biogenesis and clearance.The aim of this work was to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis by Parkin and PINK1. We used a combination of approaches in molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and confocal microscopy to identify and characterize molecular interactors of Parkin and PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM).In the first part of my project, we discovered that Parkin and PINK1 associate on dysfunctional mitochondria in proximity of the translocase of the OMM (TOM), a complex devoted to the mitochondrial import of the vast majority of the mitochondrial proteins. We provided evidence that these associations play a key role in activation of the mitochondrial degradation program mediated by the PINK1/Parkin pathway. We also observed that the dynamin-related GTPase Drp1, involved in mitochondrial fission is recruited to defective mitochondria in proximity of Parkin and PINK1, suggesting that mitochondrial fission occurs at sites where mitochondrial clearance is initiated.In the second part of my project, we characterized the functional interaction between Parkin and the multifunctional neuroprotective mitochondrial matrix enzyme 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD17B10), previously found by the team to be altered in abundance in Parkin-deficient mice. We demonstrated that HSD17B10 exerts a mitochondrion-protective function independent of its enzymatic activity. In addition, we provided evidence that Parkin directly interacts with HSD17B10 at the TOM machinery and that it positively regulates its mitochondrial levels, possibly through the regulation of its mitochondrial import.Altogether, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which Parkin and PINK1 control mitochondrial quality, and deepen our understanding of the role of these proteins in the physiopathology of autosomal recessive PD
Ouachikh, Omar. "Effets motivationnels des agonistes dopaminergiques dans un modèle de rat ayant une lésion bilatérale de l'aire tegmentale ventrale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1MM18.
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"Étude quantitative des neurones dopaminergiques intrastriataux dans les maladies de Parkinson et de Huntington chez l'humain et le singe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23526/23526.pdf.
Full textDiep, Doan Van. "Modulation du délai et de la durée de la réponse antiparkinsonienne aux agents dopaminergiques chez le singe MPTP par des antagonistes dopaminergiques D1 /." 1997. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=738286901&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textGilbert, François. "Étude biochimique de l'implication des facteurs de transcription NGFI-B et RXR[gamma]1, ainsi que du récepteur dopaminergique D3, dans le développement des dyskinésies induites à la L-dopa chez le singe MPTP /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766857231&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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