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1

Tuomi, Scott Lawrence. "Finnish art song for the American singer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289889.

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Art song teachers are constantly seeking new repertoire for their students. Many countries outside those commonly represented in American vocal studios (for instance Spain and Russia) have rich art song traditions which merit inclusion in the vocal studio. In this era of increased cultural awareness, many other areas of music education are seeking to explore these repertoires. However, many art songs are unable to be utilized because of the lack of resources in this country concerning their acquisition, identification, history, pronunciation and performance. Finland has a vast art song repertoire that is largely unexplored by American singers and teachers for the reasons mentioned above. A relatively new nation, Finland has a rich past which has remained a mystery to the west because of its close connection to the former Soviet Union. In addition, prior to the twentieth century, Finland had been under the control of foreign governments including those of Russia and Sweden since the Middle Ages. This document seeks to identify and examine Finnish art songs while providing background information regarding their history, development, and relevance to Finnish culture. In addition, tools for acquiring and performing Finnish art song are included to facilitate the inclusion of these songs in American vocal studios. Various sections include the development of the art song genre in Finland, the connection of songs to the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala, and a brief examination of the Finno-Ugrian language group. Biographical information is provided for seven selected composers arranged in chronological order. A total of ten songs are analyzed from the selected composers and an English translation is also provided for each. In addition, a collection of appendices providing complete lists of published songs for each composer, a Finnish IPA pronunciation chart, contact information for Finnish music publishers and musical resources and a selected discography are included.
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VanEaton, Sunny F. C. "An investigation of the attitudes of selected professional classical solo singer-actors toward specific concerns of the music profession." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332850/.

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The purpose was to investigate attitudes of successful full-time performing classical singer-actors toward career concerns of the music profession. Five research problems were formulated to: (1) describe attitudes toward control of work conditions; (2) describe attitudes toward entrapment; (3) describe attitudes toward dependency; (4) report attitudes concerning current practices of training the solo singer; and (5) identify commonalities among the subjects regarding demographic, the attitudes described in problems one through four, and demeanor during the interviews.
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3

de, Jong Susan Johanna. "The Art Of Lyric Improvisation: A Comparative Study of Two Renowned Jazz Singers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Music, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1666.

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This research is an analysis of the range of skills and knowledge required to produce, effectively, results in the Art of Lyric Improvisation in the field of jazz singing. Lyric Improvisation is the art of retaining the primary lyrics of a song but, using improvisational inventiveness, changing every other aspect. The study focuses on the manipulation of melody, rhythm, time feel, style, range, articulation and improvisation in the performances of renowned jazz vocalists Sarah Vaughan and Carmen McRae. The research is based on their multiple recordings of "Sometimes I'm Happy" (Youmans/Caesar) between the years1955-1965. The method compares different elements of the individual singers' improvisations to the published notation. These elements include: syncopation of the rhythm, motific development, expanding the range of pitch, variances in timbre and articulation and spontaneous re-composition of the melody all while maintaining the original lyric. The outcomes, however, can be applied over a multitude of tunes from any American Song Book composer or jazz standard sung in historically swing styles of the past century, or with contemporary developments.
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Sonbert, Nicole Michelle. "EVALUATING APPROPRIATE REPERTOIRE FOR DEVELOPING SINGERS: AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN ART SONG ANTHOLOGY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/104.

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Finding appropriate and unique repertoire for the developing singer is a daunting task and ongoing challenge in the teaching profession. There are limited resources to help guide teachers in selecting varied, yet suitable repertoire that falls outside of the standard Western European musical canon. The early years, ages 17–21, are crucial to establishing a healthy and well-rounded vocal approach to singing, while also introducing the student to a wide variety of music. African-American art song is a great option for developing singers. Repertoire should allow a student to grow musically, vocally, and artistically according to the singer’s specific stage of learning and interests. Selecting repertoire through established criteria that considers the student’s personal and cultural interests (in addition to pedagogical needs) allows for a good foundation to support a healthy vocal development. Consideration of numerous elements, such as historical, musical, physical, emotional, and vocal characteristics offers a framework for a comprehensive approach in the selection process. In Literature for Teaching: A Guide for Choosing Solo Vocal Repertoire from a Developmental Perspective, Christopher Arneson provides a wonderful base for further study, and application into repertoire selection. Through the utilization of Arneson’s suggestions, I have created a rubric that quantifies key criteria important to the evaluation of repertoire. Through this rubric, a clear evaluation and assigned difficulty level is provided for each song in the collection. This compilation of songs is only the beginning to a proposed anthology entitled: African-American Art Song for the Developing Singer. Each song offers a historical and pedagogical summary that includes the following: composer and poet biographies, text and translations, basic form, original key and other keys available, performance notes, range, tessitura, suggested voice type, tempo suggestions, difficulty level, and other available editions. This unique anthology of African-American art song offers teachers with a resource that evaluates appropriate repertoire for developing singers, between the ages of 17–21, that is clearly accessible.
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5

Fairbrother, Trevor J. "John Singer Sargent and America." New York : Garland Pub, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14131401.html.

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6

Kim, Yu-Jin. "How to prepare for foreign art songs : an innovative method for beginning singers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11221.

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7

Blount, Jennifer Lynn. "The black male nude a study of John Singer Sargent's Thomas McKeller nude within the context of nineteenth-century art and culture /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/blount.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Sept. 2, 2009). Degree earned with the cooperation of additional faculty from the University of Alabama. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-91).
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8

Forbay, Bronwen M. "Afrikaans Art Song: A Stylistic Study and Performance Guide." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307322705.

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9

Mowery, Samantha Renee. "Stephen Foster and American Song: A Guide for Singers." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1234810817.

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10

Ciobanu, Jennifer Odom. ""The Wider View": Engaging a New Generation of Singers through African-American Art Song." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31528/.

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Through studying the poetry and its context, the lives of the poets and composers, and the musical choices which emerged from these combined influences, students of the "Millennial" generation may experience a deeper connection to art song and its role in defining and reflecting national character. Not yet a part of the traditional canon of American art song, the songs of African-American composers are of particular value in this regard, offering teachers, students, and recitalists less frequently-performed repertoire to explore. Representing a broad spectrum of literary and cultural influences, these songs are just as diverse, multi-faceted, and full of variety as any other body of art song repertoire and richly contribute to the past and present life of the genre. Going beyond the music and the words can only reinforce the study of technique and enrich the studio experience, while at the same time providing a multicultural learning environment which more accurately reflects the America in which these same students will become the singers and voice teachers of tomorrow.
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11

Kowalczyk, Stephanie W. "Beyond the Painted Diary: Love, Loss, and Modernity in the Landscapes of John Singer Sargent." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1470007149.

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12

Olson, Ted. "Book Review of Art Rosenbaum: The Mary Lomax Ballad Book: America's Great Twenty-first Century Traditional Singer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1174.

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13

Siddons, Kyle. "Utilizing North American Art Song Settings of Psalm Texts in Worship Services: an Annotated Guide for Singers, Voice Instructors, and Music Ministers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500200/.

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This dissertation provides a guide for appropriate use of North American art song settings of biblical psalms for solo voice written after 1950 in the worship services of Christian faiths. The songs analyzed are for all voice parts and a variety of accompanying ensembles. The placement of each song on a specific calendar day is guided by the individual church calendars and lectionaries, on the prevalent themes of the text, and the characteristics of the musical setting. Performance of these songs only in a concert setting limits their usefulness for singers, voice teachers, and music directors alike. A new and worthy performing context can be established by analyzing the text and musical settings.
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Riggs, Rawlianne. "The Brazilian Art Song and the Non-Brazilian Portuguese Singer: A Performance Guide to Nine Songs by Alberto Nepomuceno." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505176/.

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Alberto Nepomuceno (1864-1920) is considered to be the father of the Brazilian art song. With a total of seventy songs, Nepomuceno revolutionized and established a new path to the Brazilian art song. His songs were innovative because they: (1) incorporated folk elements in his songs, (2) introduced Portuguese as a language acceptable in bel canto style and (3) established Brazilian songs in the tradition of the European vanguard. His approach influenced several composers including his young student Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959), one of the most significant Latin American composers. The purpose of this research is to inform singers and teachers about one of Brazil's most significant art song composers, and to provide the necessary tools--Brazilian Portuguese diction guide, IPA and poem translations of the selected songs--for effective and accurate performances and interpretations.
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15

Barber, Carol H. (Carol Hansell). "Practices of English Diction for Singers 1900-1971." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500330/.

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Specialized training in English diction for singers became increasingly prevalent in the twentieth century. Along with this growth, a small but significant literature on the subject developed. There are divergent practices recommended for American singers, displayed by nine authors in ten books published between 1900 and 1971. A comparative study yields pedagogies of vowel and consonant production. Issues of sounds in context, including proper linkage and stress, adjustments from speech to song, and practices dictated by musical style, are paramount. The literature demonstrates an increased use of International Phonetic Alphabet symbols as a pedagogical tool. The areas of kinesiology and acoustical research are suggested for further study.
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Wright, Delane E. (Delane Elizabeth). "Poppin' Their Thang: African American Blueswomen and Multiple Jeopardy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278053/.

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This ethnographic analysis examines the life stories and lyrics of four African blues singers. Specifically, it compares the cultural themes that emerge their life stories to the cultural themes at emerge from their commercially released music. The findings suggest that the singers recognize, to varying degrees, the impact of racism, sexism, and classism on their personal and careers. These same themes, however, are not present in the lyrics of the music that they choose to sing. Both the stories and the lyrics reveal internal inconsistencies that mirror one another. The conclusion suggests that the inconsistencies within their stories and music are consistent with their liminal position with regard to dominant and subordinate cultures.
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Schimmelpenninck, Antoinette Marie. "Chinese folk songs and folk singers : Shan'ge traditions in Southern Jiangsu /." Leiden : Universiteit, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36967334t.

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18

Dovalina, Linda. "The Amount, Type and Self-Perception of Vocal Use in University Voice Students." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500989/.

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This investigation explored voice use and perception of use in singers as compared with non-singers at the university. Students recorded the amount and type of their voice use for forty-eight hours. They made judgments about their use and whether a voice disturbance was present. Each student was taped, and tapes were judged for disturbances. It was hypothesized that singers would have greater voice use and awareness than non-singers and experienced singers would have greater voice use and awareness than less experienced singers. Singers used their voices more than non-singers, but there were no differences in awareness. No differences between singer groups were noted. There was a high incidence of voice disturbances in all groups. Suggestions for future research were made.
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19

Hanlon, Susan Christina. "Reviewing Commercial Music Resources: a Guide for Aspiring Singers and Vocal Professionals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115091/.

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Contemporary commercial music is a broad label used to describe the styles of popular music including pop, rock, rhythm and blues, jazz, hip-hop, country and heavy metal. the vocal ability required for each of these genres varies greatly but may require the use of screaming, belting, utilizing vocal fry and growling or singing with a breathy or dark tone. Singers who wish to perform in these genres may need assistance with vocal technique to assure the longevity and the quality of their singing. Due to the rise in popularity and the accessibility of contemporary commercial music (CCM), commercial pedagogical guides and self-study manuals are abundantly available for purchase. Aspiring singers are searching for appropriate training for this genre without having an awareness of how the voice works and how to maintain good vocal hygiene. Those who seek out private instruction are often frustrated when traditional classical training techniques are offered, rather than techniques utilizing CCM styles. Because CCM pedagogy is relatively new and few pedagogues in this specialized field are well known, the self-taught singer is responsible for finding a reliable study source. Many vocal instructors and choral directors are interested in familiarizing themselves with new stylistic techniques to enhance the performance of their students while maintaining vocal health. By reviewing popular vocal method books and techniques, insight may be given to assist a singer or vocal teacher in selecting resources of CCM styles.
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20

Cederlöf, Jonas. "Are the labor market conditions causing the terms of trade to deteriorate? : A statistical evaluation of the Prebisch- Singer hypothesis." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88437.

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The study examines to what extent weak labor unions and an abundance of labor have a negative effect on less developed countries terms of trade, as hypothesized by Hans Singer (1950) and Rául Prebisch (1950). Using a sample from panel data for 74 less developed countries during the period 1980 – 2010 in OLS-regressions with fixed effects, I find some evidence that weak labor unions and abundance of labor is negatively correlated with the terms of trade, which could be interpreted in favor of the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis. The marginal effect of an abundance of labor also appears to have less negative impact on the terms of trade as labor unions grow stronger.
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Orlandi, Laetitia Annette. "Basic piano instruction for vocal art students at the Tshwane University of Technology in Pretoria, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23885.

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At most universities internationally, secondary piano instruction is compulsory for all music students regardless of their field of specialisation. Vocal art students studying at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) are also expected to complete three years of basic piano tuition. Since the researcher teaches secondary piano at the Department of Performing Arts: Vocal Art (TUT), the aim of this study was to determine the objectives of the tuition, and appropriate methods through which they can be best achieved. The research is based on an investigation of relevant literature on secondary piano instruction for music majors at universities in South Africa and abroad. Since the researcher was primarily trained to teach basic piano to very young beginners, it was thought necessary to firstly investigate the field of adult education and basic piano instruction for adults and college-age students. The results of the literature search confirmed that basic piano tuition for children differs greatly from that for older beginners. It became clear that the success of basic piano instruction for adults greatly depends on the teacher’s understanding of these fundamental differences as well as knowledge of appropriate approaches and methods with which to accommodate adults’ unique characteristics. Subsequently, the purpose of teaching piano playing skills to non-piano music majors was investigated. Results indicated that there is a broad spectrum of skills which can aid the musician in his future career. These include technique, sight-reading, accompanying, harmonisation, transposing, repertory study, vocal score-reading and reduction, instrumental score reduction, improvisation, playing by ear, playing of folk songs, developing musicianship skills, critical listening, performance skills, chord playing, ensemble playing, realisation of figured bass, modulation, memorisation, music analysis, playing two or more parts from multiple staves, playing warm-up exercises, singing a vocal part while playing other parts, and jazz piano playing. The most important piano playing skills for non-piano music majors to acquire were identified as technique, sight-reading, accompanying, repertory study and improvisation. Controversies exist about the importance of each of these skills, but most teachers agree that they should all be present in the secondary piano curriculum. The most common method used to teach these skills to instrumentalists and singers was identified as group tuition. This method of teaching is not used merely because it is more economical but also for various musical and sociological reasons. Musical advantages include the acquisition of a broad spectrum of skills such as critical faculties, listening skills, ensemble activities, self-assessment skills, improved practice habits and progress, rhythmic stability, improved intonation, memory training and notational reading. Social advantages include interaction, peer-learning, motivation, encouragement, discovery-learning, enjoyment, involvement and the development of individuality and self-esteem. At the end of each chapter, specific guidelines for teaching basic piano to vocal art students at TUT are given. The study culminates in conclusions and recommendations drawn from the results of the literature investigation Copyright
Dissertation (Music)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Music
unrestricted
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22

Murphy, Nancy Elizabeth. "The times they are a-changin : flexible meter and text expression in 1960s and 70s singer-songwriter music." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56193.

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The 1960s and 70s saw the flowering of the singer-songwriter style, which featured acoustic performances by artists who were the composers and lyricists of their own music. Reflecting their culture, their songs carried messages of personal and political significance. But their music is of technical as well as of social interest. Like classical art song, it often highlights lyrical meaning with various sorts of metric irregularities. In this dissertation, I closely analyze twenty-seven songs by Bob Dylan, Paul Simon, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Joni Mitchell, and Cat Stevens, in order to characterize the metric style of their songwriting and demonstrate their use of meter as an expressive device. To describe meter in this music requires theories more flexible than those usually applied to groove-based music. The analyses in this dissertation draw not only from theories of meter as a hierarchy of beat streams, but also upon theories of metrical process and prosody, in order to create transcriptions, to describe precisely listeners' sensations of meter, and to propose expressive rationales for metric settings. As an introduction to the style and the theoretical issues, Chapter 1 considers the problems of conceiving of meter in the expressively timed context of Mitchell’s “The Fiddle and the Drum.” Chapter 2 examines the existing methods for analyzing meter in music and poetry, in order to find some productive ways to analyze this metrically fluctuant repertoire. Chapter 3 considers transcription as analysis, showing that one's conception of meter informs and constrains musical representation, and therefore interpretations of lyrical meaning. In Chapter 4, I position 1960s and 70s songwriting in its cultural and political environment, reviewing some stylistic precedents to understand their influence, and determine its original metrical techniques. In the remaining analytical chapters, I examine meter-text expression in songs by Simon, Sainte-Marie, and Stevens (Chapter 5), the expression of character and lyrical personae in the narratives of three solo-piano-accompanied songs by Mitchell (Chapter 6), and how Dylan adapted text-expressive metric techniques of earlier genres in a variety of original ways (Chapter 7).
Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate
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23

Tolin, Craig Edmond. "A Spectral Analysis of Selected Vowels Sung by Bass and Baritone Student Singers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330963/.

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While a limited body of research pertaining to vocal sound quality exists, technological advances in sound analyses have facilitated a reexamination of vocal timbre. The sound quality of sung vowels ([ a], [e ], C i ]) produced by ten baritone/bass singers at the University of North Texas was analyzed by the use of Fourier analysis and electronic digital equipment. This procedure and equipment produced results over a wider frequency range with greater accuracy than prior studies on vocal timbre. The study sought to answer the following questions: (1) Using formant regions between 0-20 kHz for comparison, what similarities and differences can be observed among spectra produced from [a], [e], and [ i ] vowels sung by baritone/bass singers? (2) Using formant regions between 0-20 kHz for comparison, what similarities and differences can be observed among spectra produced from [a], [ e ], and [ i ] vowels sung by baritone/bass singers with regard to individual singers? (3) Approximately what vocal-tract tube lengths were used by baritone/bass singers when performing [a], [e ], and [ i ] vowels? (4) What similarities in vocal-tract tube lengths can be generalized as to [ a], L e ], and [ i ] vowels sung by individual baritone/bass singers? The results of the study suggested that: (1) Below approximately 4 kHz formant frequency location can be generalized by a specific vowel between subjects. (2) Above 4 kHz the generalization of formant frequency location is difficult between subjects singing the same vowels, but general frequency location for formants can be identified between samples produced by the same singer performing different vowels. (3) Subjects did alter their vocal-tract lengths as different vowel sounds were performed, but no overall pattern of tube length with reference to specific vowels was indicated. (4) Each singer did use a unique vocal-tract length. The average estimated vocal-tract length for all subjects singing a specific vowel revealed little variation in tube length with an average tube length of 278.97 mm.
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Moyer, Karen E. (Karen Elizabeth). "A Survey of Singers: Is Mental Imagery Used in the Conceptualization of Pitch and Vowel?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500626/.

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Mental imagery is a common theme in research that clarifies how musical thought relates to musical performance. Unfortunately, minimal information exists regarding mental imagery and singers. The purpose of this study was to probe the role, if any, mental imagery plays in the conceptualization of pitch and vowel. By interviewing singers at differing levels of expertise, basic information was obtained about the mental processes used by singers. Through evaluations of the singers' mental processes, it was concluded that 95% of the singers in the study employed mental imagery. All singers described using kinesthetic imagery, while the majority implemented sensory and auditory imagery. Viso-spatial imagery was implemented among the more experienced singers. The majority of singers also reported: imaging pitch and vowel interactively; imaging from an internal perspective; and utilizing mental rehearsal. Less than half of the singers described using methods other than mental imagery to conceptualize pitch and vowel.
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Björklund, Ingegerd. "The compelling : a performance-oriented study of the singer Christina Nilsson /." Göteborg : Göteborg University : I. Björklund, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38833128v.

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Zimoch, Amélia. "Approche psychodynamique de la création de chanson(s) : au carrefour de la création artistique et de la création art-thérapeutique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0335.

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Cette thèse, référée à une approche psychodynamique, se propose d’explorer etd’interroger les processus psychiques impliqués dans la création de chanson(s), parl’association de deux volets différents et complémentaires : d’une part, par le biais de rencontres avec des auteur(e)s-compositeur(rice)s-interprètes s’exprimant à propos de leur travail de création artistique de chanson(s) (étude théorico-clinique) ; et, d’autre part, à travers l’initiation d’un atelier thérapeutique hebdomadaire de création de chanson(s), l’atelier « créachan(t)son(s) », avec des personnes âgées valides vivant en institution (recherche-action). Elle s’inscrit ainsi dans une démarche oeuvrant pour une application pratique des recherches dansles domaines de la psychologie clinique et des psychothérapies à médiation(s) artistique(s). En référence aux écrits de Grimbert (1996, 2002) et à l’aune du modèle théorico-clinique du Moi-Peau développé par Anzieu (1985), cette recherche met en lumière la mobilisation des différentes fonctions du Moi-Peau à travers la création artistique comme la création artthérapeutique de chanson(s). Tout en soulignant la multidimensionnalité intrinsèque et singulière du médiateur qu’est la chanson. Il en résulte de multiples perspectives d’avenir : autant dans le domaine de la recherche, par les nécessaires enrichissements d’un corpus théorique afférent à la création artistique de chanson(s) qui reste à découvrir et à construire ; que dans le champ de la pratique clinique, par l’initiation de propositions alternatives originales et pertinentes quant à l’accompagnement psychothérapeutique des sujets âgés résidant en EHPAD, la création artthérapeutique de chanson(s) en constituant résolument une.Des considérations donc d’importance, pour le présent comme pour l’avenir
This thesis, based on a psychodynamic approach, will explore and ask the psychicprocesses involved in songwriting, through two different but complementary sections. On the one hand, through the exploration of the very act of creating by means of meeting singerssongwriters while trying to explain the creative process (theoretical-clinical research) ; on the other hand through the practice of weekly songwriting music therapy sessions with elderly people living in nursing home (practice research). This thesis is part of a global approach which works for a practical application of the researches in clinical psychology and art-psychotherapy domains. In reference to Grimbert (1996, 2002) and to the Skin-Ego theoretical-clinical model developed by Anzieu (1985), this research highlights the different uses of the Skin-Ego functions through artistic creation and art-therapeutic creation, and emphases the singular and intrinsic multidimensionality aspects of the song media. It brings also future prospects. In the research domain, it shows the needs to complement the dedicated songwriting theoretical corpus and in the clinical practical domain, it opens original and alternative possibilities of therapeutic way to care for the elderly people living in nursing home ; therapeutic songwriting being definitively one of them
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Mohr, Caitlin. "Clinical Symptoms and Signs Related to Voice Disorders among Collegiate-Level Singers: A Retrospective Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955112/.

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The objectives of this research were to (1) characterize the demographics and vocal health history of collegiate-level singers, particularly those with a voice disorder and (2) describe and compare self-reported symptoms of singers across diagnostic categories of vocal fold disorders. Clinical reports of 56 collegiate-level singers (15 male and 41 female) who visited the Voice Diagnostic Clinic at the University of North Texas for voice evaluations between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Information was extracted from clinical records including demographic data, vocal health history, self-reported voice-related symptoms, and voice diagnosis confirmed by strobolaryngoscopic examinations and phonatory function testing. Diagnoses of voice disorders were grouped under three categories: normal (i.e., no perceptible pathology), benign lesions and irritation/inflammation. Seven singers were diagnosed as normal, 27 (51.8%) with benign lesions, and 22 (39.3%) with irritation/inflammation. All singers diagnosed as normal were females. Female singers have twice as many benign lesions as irritation/inflammation whereas males presented the opposite pattern. Nodules, polyps, cysts and irritation/inflammation were the most common voice disorders. Singers with allergies and a past history of voice problems demonstrated a higher incidence of voice disorders. The top five self-reported vocal symptoms were worse voice in the morning (50%), pain in throat (46.4%), voice worse with prolonged use (44.6%), vocal fatigue (42.9%), and breathiness (41.1%). Self-reported symptoms are not a reliable screening tool to determine presence or absence of vocal pathology. Voice teachers must be familiar with the singing and speaking voice of each student, so as to perceive early onset of vocal attrition symptoms and encourage the student in seeking medical attention.
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Hawk, Heather L. "“I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues”: Considering the Music of Harold Arlen (1905-1986) for Use by Female Singers in the Classical Voice Studio." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500087/.

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American musical theater and film composer Harold Arlen is largely overshadowed by his contemporaries, such as George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, and Cole Porter. However, his music serves as a viable alternative for singers of all skill level studying a classical technique. By studying the music of Harold Arlen, singers will utilize a wide range, legato line, negotiations of register, mood shifts, and varying tessituras. The following document considers the importance of Arlen’s music by analyzing eight of his songs from three prominent decades of compositional output. The eight songs examined are grouped by the decade of their composition: the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Each song is evaluated by determining the musical benefits included in each song and also the skill level required of the singer.
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Glidden, Jennifer. "A Contemporary Application of Boris Goldovsky’s Method for Training the Operatic Singer-actor: a Model for Today’s University Opera Workshop Instructor." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699901/.

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Throughout the twentieth century, Boris Goldovsky (1908-2001) played a significant role in training the operatic singer-actor. One of his most significant contributions was integrating music and drama. He taught his students how to develop a character, how to find dramatic clues in the music, and to become expressive artists free from monotonous operatic gestures and posturing. As author of the first textbook for training the operatic singer-actor, his curriculum was developed from experience, acting traditions, and mentor-student relationships. A new forum, Opera Workshop, allowed him to experiment and test his methods. Although Goldovsky is known to some scholars as the “Father of Training the Operatic Singer-Actor,” his presence in modern day training material is almost non-existent. How can we understand the needs of educating today’s operatic singer-actor without knowing the very foundation upon which it was built? This paper applies Goldovsky’s method of training to a staging and performance of Act II scene I from Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel. Providing this modern application of his training will demonstrate the relevance of his contributions for educators in a contemporary university setting. My findings suggest that Goldovsky’s approach and philosophy to training the young singer-actor provides practical and valuable knowledge that is still viable for today’s university singer-actor educator.
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Jordan, Meggan. "10X THE TALENT = 1/3 OF THE CREDIT: HOW FEMALE MUSICIANS ARE TREATED DIFFERENTLY IN MUSIC." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2289.

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This is an exploratory, qualitative study of female musicians and their experiences with discrimination in the music industry. Using semi-structured interviews, I analyze the experiences of nine women, ages 21 to 56, who are working as professional musicians, or who have worked professionally in the past. I ask them how they are treated differently based on their gender. Three forms of subtle discrimination are inferred from their narrative histories. First, female musicians are mistaken for non-musicians. They are encapsulated into inferior roles, like "the gimmick," "good for a girl," and "invisible accessory." Second, band mates and band managers control women's space, success, and artistic freedom. Third, their femininity, sexuality, and age are highly scrutinized. The analysis implies that female musicians are tokenized, devalued, and considered inappropriate for their jobs. Particular attention is paid to the similarities between female musicians and women in male dominated work places. I conclude by discussing the larger implications for gender, music, and social change in a sexist, unregulated industry.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology
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31

Gunderson, Maryann S. "Dismissed yet Disarming: The Portrait Miniature Revival, 1890-1930." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1080666457.

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32

Griffiths, Sarah Abigail. "Luigi Rossi: Early Baroque Italian Cantatas for the Modern Singer, with Modern Editions of Selected Works." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84209/.

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The early baroque songs, or cantatas, of Luigi Rossi (1597-1653) are largely absent from the canon of standard Italian vocal repertory utilized by young singers and voice teachers today. In this document Rossi’s composition style is considered, along with modern edition trends, within the emerging genre of Italian early baroque song. Several of Luigi Rossi’s vocal works — chosen for their simplicity, brevity, dramatic content, and suitability for a young singer — are presented in modern transcriptions for voice and piano. The following document lays the groundwork for the inclusion of Luigi Rossi’s songs in the modern canon of Italian vocal music. Part I provides an introduction to Luigi Rossi and the considerations involved in creating modern editions of early baroque solo vocal music. In Chapter 1, Rossi’s patronage and compositional output are considered along with the reception and dissemination of his works in Italy and France. Chapter 2 of this study explores the historical context and lasting influence of Parisotti’s Arie Antiche, the larger collection from which the ubiquitous Schirmer edition, Twenty-four Italian Songs and Arias of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, is drawn. One well-known song that appears in the Schirmer edition is Giulio Caccini’s Amarilli, mia bella. In an effort to illustrate trends in modern editions and performance practice, this song is traced from its first appearance in 1602 through representations in modern anthologies. Chapter 3 considers the practical concerns of modern editors of baroque vocal music – such as performance practice applications, ornamentation, and pedagogical considerations – with respect to the cantatas of Luigi Rossi. Chapter 4 discusses the three cantatas by Luigi Rossi that are presented in Part II as performance editions.
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Stitt, Amber C. "American Images of Childhood in an Age of Educational and Social Reform, 1870-1915." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1364908854.

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34

Woerner, Christopher. "Understanding : moral evaluation and the ethics of imagining." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3667.

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Analytic ethics often neglects the exploration and appreciation of morality as it is actually practised on a day-to-day basis. But by looking at how, in a practical sense, we are able to interact with others in a morally appropriate way we can construct a compelling picture of what some of our most pervasive obligations are. This thesis takes such an approach through the concept of understanding – understanding essentially taken here to involve those processes involved in detecting and correctly responding to beings typically possessing inherent moral significance. In the first two chapters ‘understanding' and the understanding approach are themselves explicated, and placed in the context of several other related approaches in the English-speaking tradition – Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, Nel Noddings' ethics of care and Richard Hare's preference utilitarianism. This approach is then used to provide us with an alternative idea about what our moral reasoning suggests to be of fundamental ethical significance, and of what kinds of activity morality recommends to us. The activity explored in most detail here is that of engaging with fiction – or more broadly, fictive imaginings. While understanding shows us that fictional characters and events themselves cannot have an inherent moral valence or significance, it also shows us when and how it is possible and appropriate to ethically assess fictive engagement, be it as creator or consumer. This is seen after exploring how and in what ways our moral understanding can be appropriately applied to and exercised by fictions at all, and why fiction should be of particular interest to the understanding agent, looking at the work of Martha Nussbaum, Jenefer Robinson, Peter Lamarque and others on aesthetic cognitivism. Ultimately this leads us to discern a minimal ethical constraint on our interpretation of fiction and art in general, further proving understanding's usefulness.
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Stephen, Roberta M. (Roberta Mae). "A Survey of the Research Literature on the Female High Voice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501208/.

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The location of the available research literature and its relationship to the pedagogy of the female high voice is the subject of this thesis. The nature and pedagogy of the female high voice are described in the first four chapters. The next two chapters discuss maintenance of the voice in conventional and experimental repertoire. Chapter seven is a summary of all the pedagogy. The last chapter is a comparison of the nature and the pedagogy of the female high voice with recommended areas for further research. For instance, more information is needed to understand the acoustic factors of vibrato, singer's formant, and high energy levels in the female high voice.
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36

Ekstrum, Dave. "Naples and the Emergence of the Tenor as Hero in Italian Serious Opera." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157563/.

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The dwindling supply of castrati created a crisis in the opera world in the early 19th century. Castrati had dominated opera seria throughout the 18th century, but by the early 1800s their numbers were in decline. Impresarios and composers explored two voice types as substitutes for the castrato in male leading roles in serious operas: the contralto and the tenor. The study includes data from 242 serious operas that premiered in Italy between 1800 and 1840, noting the casting of the male leading role for each opera. At least 67 roles were created for contraltos as male heroes between 1800 and 1834. More roles were created for tenors in that period (at least 105), but until 1825 there is no clear preference for tenors over contraltos except in Naples. The Neapolitan preference for tenors is most likely due to the influence of Bourbon Kings who sought to bring Enlightenment values to Naples. After the last castrato retired in 1830 and the casting of contraltos as male heroic leads falls out of favor by the mid-1830s, the tenor, aided by a new chest-voice dominant style of singing, becomes the inheritor of the castrato's former role as leading man in serious Italian opera.
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Harrison, Scott D., and n/a. "Musical Participation By Boys: The Role of Gender in the Choice of Musical Activities By Males in Australian Schools." Griffith University. Queensland Conservatorium, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040528.142148.

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This thesis seeks to examine the relationship between gender and musical participation by boys. The problem of males' non-participation in certain musical activities has been the subject of research for many years. This thesis considers some of the issues in relation to this phenomenon. The notion of gender is discussed. Historical and contemporary perspectives in stereotyping are investigated to determine the extent of the problem, with a view to enhancing the experience of boys in musical endeavours. There are no studies of this nature in existence in Australia and the existing research from other western cultures, while providing some basis, cannot be directly applied to this setting. Furthermore, existing studies have not brought about significant change in the gender order in music education. This project seeks to address these shortcomings. Masculinity in Australia is examined, with particular emphasis on the effects of hegemonic masculinity on those who do not fit this stereotype. Issues of bullying, depression and suicide are addressed. Empirical and sociological studies are re-examined in the light of more recent thought on the subject, particularly with regard to the possible causes of non-participation in singing and playing of certain instruments. The extent to which stereotyping of musical activities exists in Australian schools is reviewed through a series of studies of participation and literature. A number of subjects are interviewed to discover some of the reasons behind the choice of particular instruments. The thesis concludes with some perspectives arising from recent case studies of schools that have, to some extent, overcome some of the gender issues raised in earlier discussion. Constructs of masculinity and femininity effect musical participation in Australian schools and the extent of this effect is examined in this thesis.
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Johnson, Brock. "The Use of Classic Musical Theatre Repertoire for Training Bel Canto Techniques in the Undergraduate Baritone Voice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984217/.

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For applied teachers of the bel canto method of singing, classical musical theatre repertoire provides an abundant resource of material for teaching the undergraduate baritone voice. Select classic musical theatre repertoire, fitting within the parameters of suitable range, tessitura, duration, and thematic material for an undergraduate baritone, will be used to demonstrate the application of bel canto techniques such as: glottal onsets, the connection between the speaking voice and singing voice, suitable vowels in building the upper range, and teaching sostenuto and legato. This dissertation serves as a guide for teaching sound vocalism through classic musical theatre repertoire.
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Johnson, Beverly Yvonne. "Vocal Self-identification, Singing Style, and Singing Range in Relationship to a Measure of Cultural Mistrust in African-American Adolescent Females." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278339/.

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The purpose was to determine the relationship between high or low cultural mistrust and vocal characteristics in African-American adolescent females. The vocal characteristics were vocal self-identification, singing style, and singing range.
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40

McNeese, Lauren. "The Shrinking Opera Diva: The Impact of Sociocultural Changes upon the Casting of Women in the 20th and 21st Centuries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984190/.

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For most of the twentieth century, opera singers were not beholden to the ideal physical standard of women dictated by popular culture, but rather focused on serving the music and perfecting their artistry. Unprecedented sociocultural changes throughout the twentieth century exposed the shifting ideals of each generation and how they were promoted through mass media and advertising. This thesis surveys the time period of the 1890s to the present day for the purpose of analyzing cultural trends, philosophies and technologies that shaped the century. Societal pressure to make the body a project and the focus of one's own intense attention now reflects back onto the opera stage where audience members expect to see what society has dictated to be an acceptable female form. Artistic and stage directors are influenced by society's decree that only thin is beautiful, imbedding into the mindset of the art form notions that now affect how female professional opera singers are depicted and even employed.
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41

Chang, Chul Woong. "A Guide to Suitable Bass Solo Vocal Repertoire by J. S. Bach for Collegiate Baritone." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011800/.

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In the Baroque period, the baritone voice was not yet well-defined, but many composers wrote vocal pieces with a range appropriate for the modern baritone voice. Composers used the general categories of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass for solo voice in their compositions. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was no different from other Baroque composers in writing solo works to be performed by one of the four main voice types. The various ranges and tessituras of J. S. Bach's vocal works for bass solo voice are not limited to being sung by low basses, but may also be sung by more medium ranged baritones. The purpose of this research is to guide collegiate voice teachers and their baritone students in selecting appropriate repertoire from the works of Bach on the basis of each students' level of development and to categorize four groups of bass solos by Bach for collegiate baritone students: beginning level for freshmen, intermediate level for sophomores, advanced level for juniors and seniors, and pre-professional level for seniors and graduate students. This research was prepared in conjunction with a DMA lecture-recital of eight bass solos for collegiate baritone voice, selected from the study; two vocal works for each proficiency level.
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42

Hartgraves, Youna Jang. "Understanding the Lirico-Spinto Soprano Voice through the Repertoire of Giovane Scuola Composers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011843/.

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As lirico-spinto soprano commonly indicates a soprano with a heavier voice than lyric soprano and a lighter voice than dramatic soprano, there are many problems in the assessment of the voice type. Lirico-spinto soprano is characterized differently by various scholars and sources offer contrasting and insufficient definitions. It is commonly understood as a pushed voice, as many interpret spingere as ‘to push.' This dissertation shows that the meaning of spingere does not mean pushed in this context, but extended, thus making the voice type a hybrid of lyric soprano voice type that has qualities of extended temperament, timbre, color, and volume. This dissertation indicates that the lack of published anthologies on lirico-spinto soprano arias is a significant reason for the insufficient understanding of the lirico-spinto soprano voice. The post-Verdi Italian group of composers, giovane scuola, composed operas that required lirico-spinto soprano voices. These giovane scuola composers include Alfredo Catalani (1854 –1893), Umberto Giordano (1867 –1948), Pietro Mascagni (1863 –1945), Giacomo Puccini (1858 –1924), and Riccardo Zandonai (1883 –1944). Descriptions of the soprano voices that premiered these roles are included in this document to determine the suitability of the lirico-spinto soprano voice for each role.
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Jansen, Martin F. [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Singer, Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Battis, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Raiser. "Funktionswandel der Rechtsanwaltskammern - von staatlichen Zwangsverbänden zu staatlichen Dienstleistungsträgern : von der Anwaltsorganisation in Deutschland, England & Wales ; der jüngsten britischen Rechtsmarktreform durch den Legal Services Act 2007 und der notwendigen Neubestimmung des Tätigkeitsfeldes der Rechtsanwaltskammern zur Implementierung des britischen Dienstleistungsgedankens / Martin F. Jansen. Gutachter: Reinhard Singer ; Ulrich Battis ; Thomas Raiser." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015169368/34.

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44

Vance, Sharie. "Miz Markley." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849604/.

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Lisa Markley, a.k.a. "Miz Markley", is a genuinely happy person even if she is not particularly financially successful as a musician. In an effort to validate my own choices as an artist, I chose to follow her. What was intended to be a portrait of a working musician, becomes instead a feminist musical essay film about the transformative power of art making.
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45

"Art Songs of Charles Ives: Accessible to Beginning Singers." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14979.

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abstract: The performance of Charles Ives's art songs can be challenging to even the most experienced singers, but to beginning singers, they may be even more so, due to such twentieth-century aspects as polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatoric elements, and quarter tones. However, Ives used previously existing material, often familiar hymn tunes, as the foundation for many of his art songs. If beginning students first are exposed to this borrowed material, such as a simple hymn tune, which should be well within even the most experienced singer's comfort range, they can then learn this tune first, as a more simplistic reference point, and then focus on how Ives altered the tunes, rather then having to learn what seems like an entirely new melody. In this way, Ives's art songs can become more accessible to less-experienced singers. This paper outlines a method for researching and learning the borrowed materials in Ives's songs that utilize them, and reviews materials already commonly used by voice teachers to help beginning students learn their music. By combining this method, which focuses on the borrowed materials, with standard practices teachers can then help their beginning students more easily learn and perform Ives's art songs. Four songs, from the set "Four Hymn Tune Settings" by Charles Ives are used to illustrate this method.
Dissertation/Thesis
D.M.A. Music 2012
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46

Klug, E. (Edith). "The jazz vocal art of Kurt Elling : lessons for South African singers." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41499.

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The dissertation researches the contemporary jazz vocalist Kurt Elling. His background, performing career and successes are explored before his artistry as a performer and pedagogue are examined in detail. A personal Skype lesson and a personal interview form part of the research material. Elling’s improvisatory art and his relationship with and opinions on scatting, and especially jazz vocalese are portrayed. To this end the author’s transcription of Elling’s vocalese based on Downtown (by Russel Ferrante) is included. Elling’s influence, creativity, spirituality and infusion of poetry into jazz are also investigated in order to show how he inspires audiences and students alike. The history of, and general descriptions of various jazz vocal styles are traced, whereafter the situation regarding the jazz vocal scene in South Africa is outlined. Local jazz vocal teaching in particular, and associated problems are discussed, and recommendations made. The author utilises her background as an accomplished performer and teacher to infuse these discussions with personal insights. Elling’s opinions on how cultural and ethnic differences can inspire South African jazz vocalists are also delineated.
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmchunu2014
Music
unrestricted
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47

Considine, Basil. "Priests, pirates, opera singers, and slaves: séga and European art music in Mauritius, "The little Paris of the Indian Ocean"." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15056.

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This dissertation comprises a musical history and ethnography of musical culture on the island of Mauritius in the southern Indian Ocean. It details two interrelated performance traditions, examining the history and practice of European art music on the island in parallel with that of an endemic song-and-dance tradition called séga. Mauritius, once a notorious nest of pirates and privateers, was a famous overseas haven of French culture during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Wealth from trade, war, and piracy fueled a rich cultural scene that featured the latest music from Western Europe. Visitors to "The Little Paris of the Indian Ocean" also encountered séga, a percussion-driven music based on improvised songs and dances that developed amongst the island's African and Malagasy slaves. Today, séga is an integral part of the Mauritian tourism industry and is prominently featured in government cultural and educational programs. The general format of the dissertation is a musical history of Mauritius from its first human settlement in 1638 to the present day. It draws extensively on unpublished archival documents and on travelogues, letters, and diaries from visitors to provide specific details about the extent and nature of musical practice in Mauritius. It is also informed by historical newspapers, contemporaneous literature, and by recent discoveries in Mauritian archaeology. The narrative of the past half-century of Mauritian musical and cultural history takes the form of a musical ethnography and draws upon numerous interviews and on field research conducted in Mauritius from 2011-2012. The dissertation also includes a detailed study of music in contemporary Mauritian society, with special reference to the use of séga in nation-building policies, identity politics, the tourism industry, and in public education.
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48

"Selected Russian Classical Romances and Traditional Songs for Young Singers: Introductory Materials with Teaching Strategies." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.27474.

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abstract: The purpose of this research is to assemble a collection of Russian Art song repertoire selected for beginner level training, with an exposition of the criteria for their appropriateness as teaching pieces. This examination defines the scope of vocal, technical, language and interpretive abilities required for the performance of Russian Art song literature. It also establishes the need for a pedagogical approach that is free from Eurocentric cultural biases against Russian language and culture. Intended as a reference for teachers and students to simplify the introduction of Russian Art song into the repertoire of the advanced secondary or beginning undergraduate student, it includes a discussion of learning priorities and challenges particular to native English speakers relative to successful Russian language lyric diction assimilation, with solutions. This study is designed to furnish material for a published edition of songs in the appropriate transpositions for high, medium and low voice including word-for- word and sense translations with IPA transcriptions, along with program notes for each piece. Repertoire is selected from the works of Alyab'yev, Gurilyov, Varlamov, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky and Mussorgsky, as well as a few folk songs. The repertoire is grouped by difficulty and accompanied by English translations, interpretive analyses of the Russian Language poetry, and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcriptions modified for lyric diction. The degrees of difficulty are determined by vocal registration demands, word lengths and rhythmical text setting, as well as the incidences of unfamiliar phonological processes and complex consonant clusters occurring in the text. A scope and sequence chart is included, supplemented with learning objectives and teaching strategies, which organizes the repertoire according the order in which the pieces are to be taught. A palatalization guide is provided, to provide solutions for common pronunciation problems. Included in the appendices are listings of additional recommended Russian art song titles and recommended listening and viewing.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Music 2014
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49

Tsai, Shu-Han, and 蔡書涵. "The entertainment's huge economy:the agency business of singers those are transforming —take Extension Music Production Inc. as an example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33113991838130822564.

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碩士
世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
97
After the pop music industry had been through the technology medium that is gradually getting progress and few severe tests of the piracy, and it goes forward to be as one entertaining music business, and except taking selling of music as the main core of music production company, they earn profits by extending their business. To the relevant value-added activities, and what is more they even make cooperations with different industries of those parallel media industries. In terms of contracts on entertainers, was replaced by full-management forms to sign up the cooperations,the music production companies that extend the forms to upstream, are also learning and coping The types of its contracts. But, when agencies changes its position in the structure of music producing and selling, when it varys from backside to the music production company which is in charge of music producing, what form is it becoming? This research explores what the actual business of the operation of a music producing company is by mainly taking part in observation and the In-depth interviewing method as an assistant together? What would it be if music production companies and record companies administer the agency of entertainers together? And how do music production companies use their advantages to plan the career of performing of entertainers under the status that the business of both entertainment industry and music industry come to similar day by day? When an entertainer goes as the status of a singer, those music production companies which take "music" as a main core to do a unlimited extending, could give the best Training and the most professional guidance under a simple one rule, therefore there. Is no inappropriateness in that to extend it from taking the music producing as the main business to the training of entertainers, and then goes to sign the contracts with them. The form of cooperation between music production companies and record companies, is like the general trend of this industry ,the fronter produce the music,the latter is marketing the publicity,but the contracts signed up after cooperation, contains the meaning of to share the right of agency contract,so this kind of cooperation forms will be transformed to new problems. Music production companies should return to the nature of the music to plan the career of performing for entertainers, and think deep about the main point that caused the problems of agencies, and make improvements for it, thus it is not only capable to develop new roads for entertainers,but even also open these companies' future.
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50

De, Jong S. J. "The art of lyric improvisation : a comparative study of two renowned jazz singers : a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Music in the University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1666.

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