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1
Ai, Pengrui, and Yingjie Ma. "Estimation of Evapotranspiration of a Jujube/Cotton Intercropping System in an Arid Area Based on the Dual Crop Coefficient Method." Agriculture 10, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10030065.
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An accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in intercropping is critical for a theoretical basis for formulating an intercropping irrigation system of fruit trees and improving the soil moisture condition of orchards in arid regions of Southern Xinjiang. Herein, observational data such as soil moisture and plant physiological indicators were measured in jujube/cotton intercropping in the Aksu region from 2015 to 2017. The evapotranspiration of single-crop jujube and cotton was estimated using the modified dual crop coefficient method. Then, based on the proportion of intercropping crops, the soil water stress coefficient was introduced to estimate the evapotranspiration of the jujube/cotton intercropping. The results show that the model has good applicability to simulate single-crop jujube and cotton, and jujube/cotton intercropping. However, compared with single cropping, the accuracy of simulated daily evapotranspiration was decreased. In addition, adjusting the cotton irrigation amount caused the simulation accuracy to further decrease. From the perspective of interspecies complementarity and competition, cotton dominated the intercropping system and had better tolerance to external environmental changes than jujube trees. Intercropping had negative effects on jujube trees in general, and very obvious positive effects on cotton. Based on the 3-year crop yield, 5-year-old jujube trees are recommended for intercropping. During this time, the yield of cotton under the effect of interspecific complementation increased by 26.47%, and the yield of intercropping jujube was similar to that of single crop. As the jujube tree age increases, the effect of increasing cotton production gradually diminishes. The jujube trees also had a significant reduction in yield due to interspecific competition. Our research supports the dual crop coefficient method as appropriate to estimate crop ETc in intercropping and may be further used to improve irrigation scheduling for jujube/cotton intercropping.
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Sari, Siti Hapita, Munif Ghulamahdi, Willy Bayuardi Suwarno, and Maya Melati. "Kajian Berbagai Pola Tanam terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Jagung dan Kedelai dengan Berbagai Varietas Jagung." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 48, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v48i3.32267.
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The reduction in agricultural land due to land conversion has encouraged several technological innovations in cultivation systems, including intercropping planting patterns. The study aimed to study various intercropping patterns with several varieties of maize which can increase production. The research was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Station of the IPB University, Darmaga, Bogor, from November 2018 to February 2019 using a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the cropping systems, consisting of monoculture, single-row intercropping, double-rows intercropping, and triple-rows intercropping. The subplot was the maize varieties, consisting of Sukmaraga, Bima 19, and BISI 2. Regression and correlation analyses were carried out to determine the relationship between microclimate and productivity. The results showed that the productivity of maize and soybean was affected by the interaction between cropping patterns and varieties. The highest productivity of maize was obtained from the intercropping pattern of double rows of BISI 2 maize (7.33 ton ha-1), while the lowest maize productivity was in the intercropping pattern of a single row of Bima 19 maize (2.93 ton ha-1). The highest productivity of soybean was obtained from the intercropping cropping pattern of a single row of BISI 2 maize. The effect of microclimate on various cropping patterns with productivity in this study was a little. Land equivalent ratios (LER) in all treatments were greater than 1 except for intercropping 1 row of Bima 19 maize, indicating that intercropping can increase land productivity.
Keywords: cropping pattern, intercropping, land equivalent ratio (LER), maize varieties
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Diniz, Wellington Jairo da Silva, Thieres George Freire da Silva, Jadna Mylena da Silva Ferreira, Djalma Cordeiro dos Santos, Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, and Sérgio Zolnier. "Forage cactus-sorghum intercropping at different irrigation water depths in the Brazilian Semiarid Region." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 9 (September 2017): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000900004.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance, biological efficiency, and the competitive ability of the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping under different irrigation depths with saline water in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. The experiment was carried out in Serra Talhada, in the state of Pernambuco, between 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, and a 5x3 factorial arrangement in split plots, with one year of forage cactus cycle and two years of sorghum cycles. The plots were composed by four irrigation water depths based on the fractions of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration, besides dry conditions; and the subplots consisted of three cropping systems (single crop of forage cactus, single crop of sorghum, and intercropping of forage cactus-sorghum). The increase of water irrigation depths increased the yields of sorghum in single crop and of the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping. The intercropping system promoted production stability with a higher system productivity index (SPI) for forage cactus-sorghum intercropping (6,279.02 kg ha-1 DM) than for forage cactus in single crop (4,626.98 kg ha-1 DM). The relative density coefficient (12.33) was indicative of the great compatibility of the intercropping system. The forage cactus-sorghum association shows biological advantage and competitiveness capacity, with a higher productive index than their monocultures.
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HAMBURDĂ, Silvia Brândușa, Neculai MUNTEANU, Vasile STOLERU, and Gabriel Ciprian TELIBAN. "Effect of Intercropping System on the Quality and Quantity of Runner Bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 44, no. 2 (December 14, 2016): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210260.
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Field experiments were conducted two consecutive years, in order to investigate runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) cultivated in pure crop system and in intercropping system. To achieve the desired aim, we set the following objectives: study of runner bean plant phenology, study of assimilating pigments content in the runner bean leaves, agro productivity study of runner bean crop, yield of runner bean crop, study of chemical composition of runner bean dry seeds. The studied experimental factor was the trellis system with six variants: (V1) - trellis, with double rows, on individual string, (V2) - trellis, with a single row, on individual string, (V3) - trellis, in a single row, on synthetic net (17 cm mesh), (V4) - intercropping with common maize plants, (V5) - intercropping with sunflower plants, (V6) - intercropping with Jerusalem artichoke plants. Runner bean yield ranged from 3,610 kg ha-1 (V2) to 1,684 kg ha-1 (V6) (first year) and from 3,170 kg ha-1 (V2) to 1,189 kg ha-1 (V6) (second year). Runner bean dry seeds contain: crude protein 22.65% (V6) - 25.47% (V3), crude fat 1.91% (V6) - 2.16% (V4), crude fibre 5.41% (V4) - 5.81% (V5) and nitrogen free extractive substances 62.11% (V3) - 64.92% (V4). The best variant of trellis for runner bean crop was the single row trellis system on individual string and the best intercropping system was intercropping with sunflower.
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Villocino, Jr., Santos, and Pedro Pascual. "Growth and Yield of Corn and Legume as Influenced by N-Levels and Row Intercropping Schemes." Science and Humanities Journal 3, no. 1 (November 30, 2003): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.031.4.
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N application and legume intercropping combinations gave better growth and yield performance of corn, peanut and mungbean. Application of 90 kg N/ha gave the highest grain yield of corn while N application reduced the herbage and grain yeilds of peanut mixture; however, it increased herbage yield of mungbean but reduced grain yield. Corn + peanut intercropping combination gave higher gross margin than corn + mungbean combination. Single-row intercropping scheme gave lesser production cost than double-row that resulted to higher gross margin of either intercropping combination.
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Rad, Saeid Vaezi, Said Ali Reza Valadabadi, Majid Pouryousef, Saeid Saifzadeh, Hamid Reza Zakrin, and Andrea Mastinu. "Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Sorghum bicolor L. under Intercropping with Legumes and Different Weed Control Methods." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040078.
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In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of forage when intercropping forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) with lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and using different weed management methods such as double cropping, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the research station of the University of Zanjan over two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). In this experiment, the intercropping of forage sorghum with lathyrus and hairy vetch at six levels with single cropping of forage sorghum, lathyrus, and hairy vetch, and three weed management strategies (no weed control, full weed control, and single weed control) was evaluated. The results showed that most forage sorghum traits were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by different sowing ratios. The highest fresh forage yield of sorghum (77.9 ton/ha) and lowest (49.0 ton/ha) were obtained with sorghum + 33% hairy vetch and sorghum + 100% lathyrus, respectively. Forage qualitative traits were also affected by intercropping and weed management. The highest average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total ash percentage (ASH) were obtained with 100% sorghum + 66% lathyrus and 33% hairy vetch. The results showed that sorghum intercropping with 33% lathyrus led to a significant reduction in dry matter intake and relative feed value with no weed control and single weed control. This study demonstrated that, by selecting the appropriate intercropping ratios and forage legumes, we could largely control sorghum weeds in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of sorghum forage.
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Modesto, Viviane C., Marcelo Andreotti, Omar J. Sabbag, Deyvison de A. Soares, Eduardo A. P. Pechoto, Isabô M. Pascoaloto, and Allan H. Nakao. "Economic Analysis of the Corn Intercropped With Marandu Grass as a Function of Azospirillum brasilense Application." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p387.
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The Integrated Agricultural Production Systems (IAPS) under No-Tillage System (NTS), add values to grain production and to livestock activity over the year, besides providing reestablishment of degraded areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability of the irrigated corn crop, intercropped or not with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, inoculated or not with Azospirillum brasilense, in the lowland Cerrado. The work was composed of two sequential experiments, conducted in Selvíria-MS, from 2015 to 2016. The experimental design of the two experiments was in randomized blocks with four replicates. The first experiment consisted of six treatments: (a) inoculate crop in single crop, (b) single corn crop without inoculation, (c) intercropping without inoculation, (d) intercropping with inoculation in both seeds, (e) intercropping with inoculation of corn seeds, and (f) intercropping with inoculation of grass seeds. In the corn off-season harvest, for the second experiment, the experimental units with grass were subdivided into three treatments: (a) leaf inoculated grass (250 mL of inoculant), (b) grass broadcast fertilized with urea (200 kg of N ha-1 year-1) in broadcast and (c) grass without fertilization or inoculation. The inputs were the most expensive components in corn production. In the intercropping treatments, where the grass was destined for silage, the profitability indexes were positive, enabling the system regardless of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation.
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Ilyas, Ayesha. "Productivity and Resource Use in a Maize-Grain Legume Intercropping System in Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755.
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Intercropping is considered as an improved system of multiple cropping systems which safeguards crop stand and improves crop production. The main goal of intercropping is to produce high yield from piece of a land by judicious use of available resources which otherwise may not be exploited by a single crop. A study was executed to investigate productivity and resource use in a maize–grain legume intercropping at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2017 and 2018. Experimental treatments included maize, mungbean, mash-bean, and cowpea monocultures (sole crops), and intercropping combinations of maize + mungbean, maize + mash-bean, and maize + cowpea. Highest maize grain yield was observed in maize sole cropping (6520 and 6813 kg ha-1) and maize + mungbean intercropping (6375 and 6542 kg ha-1) during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, respectively. Maximum seed yield in grain legumes was observed in mung and mash bean sole cropping during both years. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was maximum in maize + cowpea (1.83 and 1.87) and maize + mungbean intercropping (1.77 and 1.80) during both years, respectively. Maximum net economic return (ER) of PKR 134158 ha-1 (≈900 USD) was obtained from maize + mash bean intercropping system with highest benefit cost ratio (2.03) during 2017 while PKR 149358 ha-1 (≈1003 USD) along with benefit cost ratio (2.15) during 2018. Overall, LER and ER results indicated that maize-grain legume intercropping systems were beneficial in terms of land resource utilization and economic returns. The maize-grain legume intercropping systems are more sustainable option for small land-holding farmers in Pakistan. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Guimarães, Marcelo de Almeida, Benedito Pereira Lima Neto, Hozano de Souza Lemos Neto, Ana Régia Alves de Araújo Hendges, Caris dos Santos Viana, and Janiquelle da Silva Rabelo. "Agronomic performance of arugula/nira intercropping in different cultivation arrangements." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 3 (September 2020): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620200315.
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ABSTRACT Spatial planning of cultivation arrangements is essential to ensure the superiority of intercropping when compared with monocrop. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of arugula/nira intercropping in different cultivation arrangements. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a split plot scheme, the plots represented the cultivation arrangements and the subplots the production cycles (winter and spring). The arrangements were T1= arugula monoculture; T2= two rows of arugula alternating with three rows of nira (2R:3N); T3= two rows of arugula alternating with two rows of nira (2R:2N); T4= two rows of arugula alternating with one row of nira (2R:1N); T5= nira monoculture. Productive traits and agronomic performance indexes of the intercropping systems were evaluated. Single arugula cultivation and 2R:1N intercropping achieved similar productivity, 2R:1N intercropping showed the highest productive efficiency, with land-use efficiency of 1.16%, though arugula showed a relative contribution of 84.3% in production yield of the system. We concluded that 2R:1N intercropping can be used to optimize the use of productive inputs in arugula cultivation.
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de Queiroz, M. A., and N. W. Galwey. "The Effects of Sorghum and Cowpea Genotype and Sorghum Sowing Density in an Intercrop System." Experimental Agriculture 23, no. 4 (October 1987): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700017348.
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SUMMARYFive diverse sorghum genotypes were sown at sole crop density and at intercrop density without cowpea and with two contrasting cowpea genotypes, in the post-rainy season at Hyderabad, India. The interaction of sorghum genotype with sowing density was significant for sorghum dry fodder and grain yield, but the interaction of sorghum genotype with cowpea was not, because of compensation between yield components. The likely response of sorghum genotypes to intercropping can therefore be assessed initially from the performance of low density sole crops, followed by assessment in the presence of a single standard cowpea variety.The cowpea genotypes were affected by the presence of sorghum but not by the sorghum genotype. This suggests that the effect on the cowpea can be ignored when selecting a sorghum genotype for intercropping, and that a cowpea genotype for intercropping can be selected in the presence of a single sorghum genotype. However, these conclusions arc unlikely to apply to rainy season sowings, when sorghum dominates the intercrop more completely.
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Abbas, Rana Nadeem, Muhammad Awais Arshad, Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal, Muhammad Imran, Ali Raza, Jen-Tsung Chen, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, and Daniel Ingo Hefft. "Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081615.
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To ensure food security on sustainable basis, reducing weeds interference and boosting land use efficiency are critical. A field study was conducted at research farm of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, to sort out the most productive maize-gram intercropping system under semi-arid environment. Treatments included sole maize in single row (60 cm apart) (T1) and double rows (90 cm apart) (T2) strips, sole black (T3) and green gram (T4) crops, six single rows (60 cm apart) of maize with twelve double rows (20 cm) of black (T5) and green gram (T6), three double rows (90 cm apart) of maize with three sets of quadratic rows (20 cm apart) of black (T7) and green gram (T8). The experiment was executed in regular arrangement of randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that T1 produced the highest grain yield (6.97 t ha−1) of maize and significantly lower weeds infestation compared to wider row spacing (T2). Among intercropping systems, T8 significantly decreased weeds density (16.33 plants m−2) and their fresh (20.93 g m−2) and dry weights (5.63 g m−2), while the maximum land use efficiency as indicated by unmatched land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantage were recorded by T7 and T8. Interestingly, green gram in intercropping recorded over 58% higher productivity than black gram. We conclude that maize-green gram intercropping hold potential to impart sustainability to maize production by reducing weeds infestation (431% lower than sole maize) and could be a viable option for smallholder farmers in semi-arid environment.
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Rhoden, E. G., P. Jere, and P. K. Biswas. "INTERCROPPING OF SOUTHERNPEAS AND CORN." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 489d—489. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.489d.
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Intercropping increases land use efficiency and provide prolonged yields between compatible crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the yield advantage of intercropping southernpeas (Vigna unguiculata) with corn (Zea mays) in addition to determining the yield advantage of corn, `Yellow Trucker', and two southernpeas cultivars; `Mississippi Silver' and `Pinkeye Purolehull', in an intercrop. Cropping method significantly affected the yield of corn but not southernpeas. Cropping method also influenced leaf area, dry matter and plant height of both southernpeas cultivars. Corn had higher yields in alternate-single row (45×30 cm) with southernpeas intercrop than within (90×15 cm) or alternate row (90×15). Competition for light and nutrients may have accounted for the reduction in dry matter and leaf area of southernpeas in intercrop. The average yield advantage, as measured by the land equivalent ratio, ranged between 1.39 and 1.70. When area time equivalent ratio was used to measure the yield advantage, the range was 1.2 to 1.45. `Pinkeye Purplehull' is more compatible with corn in intercropping than `Mississippi Silver'.
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Rezende, Bráulio L. A., Arthur B. Cecílio Filho, Aurélio P. Barros Júnior, Diego R. Q. Porto, and Maria Inez E. G. Martins. "Economic analysis of cucumber and lettuce intercropping under greenhouse in the winter-spring." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 2 (June 2011): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011000200028.
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The economical analysis complements the evaluation of the intercrop systems efficiency, considering besides the physical production of crops, the price of products according to their quality classification and time of the year. Intercropping systems of lettuce and cucumber in two plant populations under greenhouse were economically evaluated in winter-spring, in Jaboticabal City, São Paulo State, Brazil. The total operating cost (TOC) of cucumber and lettuce as sole crop and intercropping were estimated, as well as gross revenue (GR) and operating profit (OP). The labor for the crops was the component with greater participation in the TOC of crops in intercropping and single crop. Greater GR and OP were observed in intercrops established by transplanting lettuce and cucumbers on the same day. Considering the operating profit and the land efficient ratio, it is recommended the intercropping of lettuce transplanted until 10 days after the transplanting (DAT) of cucumber with two rows per plot, and at 0 DAT of cucumber grown with a row plot
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Kahurananga, J. "Intercropping Ethiopian Trifolium Species with Wheat." Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (October 1991): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700019359.
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SUMMARYTrials were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to test methods of intercropping annual Ethiopian clovers, Trifolium spp, with wheat. Several different clover varieties, sowing methods, plant spacings, planting dates and rates of phosphorus application were compared. Planting in single or double alternative rows 20 cm apart did not affect wheat grain and straw yield but broadcast sowing of Trifolium in wheat rows 20 cm apart reduced wheat yield. The Trifolium species used significantly affected legume yield. Phosphorus fertilizer increased yield significantly, especially that of the legume component. The trials indicated that the intercropping of Ethiopian clovers in wheat has potential under African highland conditions.Siembra simultanea de trigo/ Trifolium en Etiopía
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Munz, Sebastian, and David Reiser. "Approach for Image-Based Semantic Segmentation of Canopy Cover in Pea–Oat Intercropping." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080354.
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Intercropping systems of cereals and legumes have the potential to produce high yields in a more sustainable way compared to sole cropping systems. Their agronomic optimization remains a challenging task given the numerous management options and the complexity of interactions between the crops. Efficient methods for analyzing the influence of different management options are needed. The canopy cover of each crop in the intercropping system is a good determinant for light competition, thus influencing crop growth and weed suppression. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility to estimate canopy cover within an intercropping system of pea and oat based on semantic segmentation using a convolutional neural network. The network was trained with images from three datasets during early growth stages comprising canopy covers between 4% and 52%. Only images of sole crops were used for training and then applied to images of the intercropping system. The results showed that the networks trained on a single growth stage performed best for their corresponding dataset. Combining the data from all three growth stages increased the robustness of the overall detection, but decreased the accuracy of some of the single dataset result. The accuracy of the estimated canopy cover of intercropped species was similar to sole crops and satisfying to analyze light competition. Further research is needed to address different growth stages of plants to decrease the effort for retraining the networks.
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Koefender, Jana, André Schoffel, Candida Elisa Manfio, and Diego Pascoal Golle. "Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops." Revista Ceres 63, no. 6 (December 2016): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663060010.
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ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.
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Zárate, Néstor Antonio Heredia, Maria do Carmo Vieira, Jerusa Rech, Analice Quast, Bruno Cezar Á. Pontim, and Rosimeire Pereira Gassi. "Yield and gross income of arracacha in monocrop and intercropping with the Japanese bunching onion and parsley." Horticultura Brasileira 26, no. 2 (June 2008): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362008000200032.
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The objective of this work was to study the yield performance and to determine the gross income of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft), cultivar Amarela de Carandaí, grown in monoculture as well as in intercropping with the Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.), cultivar Todo Ano (A-JBO) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.), cultivar Lisa Preferida (A-P). Arracacha and the Japanese bunching onion were vegetatively propagated, while parsley was propagated by seeds. The Japanese bunching onion was first harvested 87 days after the planting (DAP), with resprouts harvested 154 and 212 DAP. Parsley was first harvested 105 days after the sowing (DAS), and, resprouts, 171, 212, and 268 DAS. Arracacha was harvested 268 DAP. At the harvest carried out 212 DAP, the Japanese bunching onion plants in monocrop significantly exceeded those in intercropping in 1.73 cm height and 0.99 t ha-1 commercial fresh mass (CFM). In parsley, the CFM yield in monocrop significantly exceeded the intercropping figures in 0.63, 0.66, and 0.72 t ha-1 at harvests carried out respectively 171, 212, and 268 DAS. Plant height and CFM of the Japanese bunching onion and parsley increased after every new harvest, except in parsley, for plant height 171 DAS and CFM 268 DAS. No significant differences were found in any of the evaluated characteristics when arracacha as single crop was compared to the A-JBO intercropping arrangement. Nevertheless, the A-P intercropping arrangement significantly reduced all characteristics in relation to the other systems, except for yield of non-commercial arracacha roots. A-JBO intercropping arrangement was viable (LER = 1.49) and therefore may be employed by farmers. A-P intercropping, on its turn, was unfeasible (LER = 0.97).
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LIMA, LUCIVANIA RODRIGUES, THIERES GEORGE FREIRE DA SILVA, POLIANA DE CALDAS PEREIRA, JOSÉ EDSON FLORENTINO DE MORAIS, and MERY CRISTINA DE SÁ ASSIS. "PRODUCTIVE-ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF FORAGE CACTUS-SORGHUM INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 1 (March 2018): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n122rc.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and economic performance of a forage cactus and sorghum intercropping system in relation to a forage cactus single cropping system under different irrigation blades with saline water. The study was conducted in Serra Talhada, State of Pernambuco, in a randomized block design, consisting of a factorial arrangement with split-plot parcels (5×2) and four replications. The five plots were the irrigation depths based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) (0, 8.75, 17.5, 26.25, and 35% ETo) and the two cropping systems were single forage cactus cropping and cactus intercropped with sorghum. The experiment was conducted for one year, with one forage cactus cycle and two cycles of sorghum. Yields were obtained at the end of the cycles. Economic profitability was analyzed by means of net revenue (NR) and the benefit/cost ratio (B/C), with cactus forage sold as forage or as "seed" and sorghum as forage. Net revenue and B/C simulations were carried out over an eight-year useful life span of the irrigation system. Increasing irrigation depth increased the dry matter yield of the intercropping system because of higher sorghum yield. Based on the NR and B/C ratio values, forage cactus and sorghum produced as forage produced higher economic outcomes in the intercropping system and showed a higher profitability from the 2nd year of implementation of the irrigation system. Forage cactus and sorghum intercropping irrigated with saline water is therefore recommended for forage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
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Sahuri, Sahuri, Andi Nur Cahyo, Risal Ardika, Iman Satra Nugraha, Aprizal Alamsyah, and Nurmansyah Nurmansyah. "Modification of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Spacing for Long-term Intercropping." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 6, no. 01 (February 18, 2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.50-59.
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Low prices of rubber has been a serious problem to rubber growers in Indonesia. Rubber-based intercropping systems offers a practical solution to this issue and increasing overall productivity, for example by growing upland rice and maize between the rubber tree rows. This study was aimed to determine the suitable spacing in rubber planting to facilitate long-term rubber-based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a smallholder rubber plantation in the Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan with area of 50 ha. Two planting patterns of rubber clone PB260 were tested: (1) single row planting pattern (SR) by 6 m x 3 m, and (2) double row planting pattern (DR) by 18 m x 2 m x 2.5 m. The experiment showed that the girth of the rubber trees with the SR system at the 1st tapping year was slightly larger than that in the DR system, even though statistically it was not signifi cant. The latex yield per tree of SR and DR systems were similar, however, latex yield per hectare of SR system was higher than the DR system due to a higher tree population in the SR system. The DR system was technically suitable for long term intercropping, because when the rubber tree reached 8 to 9-year-old, the light penetration was > 80% at distance of about 4 m from the rubber tree rows. Economically, DR system can increase the added values for rubber farmers because it allows long term intercropping. Rubber-based intercropping with DR system is suitable to be applied, especially by smallholders, with a marginal benefi t cost ratio of around 2.07. Keywords: Hevea, intercropping system, rubber planting pattern, spatial arrangement
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Nadeem, Mubashar, Asif Tanveer, Hardev Sandhu, Saba Javed, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Atif Shabir, Muhammad Sarwar, and Usman Arshad. "Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Autumn Planted Sugarcane under Different Planting Patterns with Lentil Intercropping." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050644.
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Proper sowing orientation and spacing are important factors for best crop growth. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting patterns with and without lentil intercropping on sugarcane growth and yield and farm economics. Each of these treatments were planted as sole crop and intercropped with lentil. Data were collected on plant cane and first ratoon crop. The maximum stripped cane yields (154.36 t/ha and 130.28 t/ha in plant and ratoon crop, respectively) were obtained from sugarcane planted at 120 cm trench planting both as sole as well as lentil intercropped. This treatment also attained 61% and 43% higher total sugar yields compared to traditional 60 cm single rows planting in plant and ratoon crops, respectively. Lentil intercropping did not have any significant effect on sugarcane yield, but trench planting at 120 cm with lentil intercropping had the highest lentil seed yield (598.0 in 2013–2014 and 629.8 kg ha−1 in 2014–2015) along with maximum land equivalent ratio (1.40 and 1.37), net return (Rs.321254/ha), net field benefit (Rs.491703/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.01). Sugarcane at 120 cm trench planting with lentil intercropping also outperformed other planting patterns in improving economic returns.
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Romaneckas, Kęstutis, Aida Adamavičienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, and Jovita Balandaitė. "The Impact of Intercropping on Soil Fertility and Sugar Beet Productivity." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091406.
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There is a lack of research on the practice of intercropping sugar beet and the impact of such agrocenoses on soil and crop fertility, especially under organic farming conditions. For this reason, a three-year stationary field experiment was performed at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Lithuania. Sugar beet was grown continuously with intercropped Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L., MC), white mustard (Sinapis alba L., MM) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., MB) as a living mulch. Inter-row loosening (CT) and mulching with ambient weeds (MW) were used as comparative treatments. The results showed that, under minimal fertilization, CT and intercropping increased the average content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil. However, the average content of magnesium was reduced in single cases (MW, MB), and the average content of sulphur was reduced in all cases. Intercropping significantly decreased the yields of sugar beet root-crop, but was mainly neutral in quality terms. The meteorological conditions during experimentation had a weak impact on root-crop quantity and quality. Generally, the practice of sugar beet intercropping requires more detailed research on how to minimize the competition between the sugar beet, living mulch and weeds, and how to balance the nutrition conditions.
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FERREIRA, RANIER VIEIRA, ROSE LUIZA MORAES TAVARES, SILVIO VASCONCELOS PAIVA FILLHO, INDIAMARA MARASCA, and ALESSANDRO GUERRA SILVA. "OFF-SEASON STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A NO-TILL SYSTEM IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 19 (November 16, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1183.
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In the central region of Brazil, sorghum and maize are considered viable crop alternatives to be cultivated during off-season periods, mainly for the production of grains in succession to the cultivation of soybeans and intercropping with brachiaria grasses. This study aimed to evaluate the physical soil qualities of the soil from an area with different off-season management histories (monoculture or agricultural intercropping). Maize, sorghum and brachiaria crops have been cultivated under no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments included: monoculture or intercropping between sorghum and brachiaria (first off-season strategy) or maize and brachiaria (second off-season strategy). The following physical properties of the soil were evaluated: soil bulk density, porosity, soil resistance to penetration, soil moisture and texture and the contents of organic carbon, which were analyzed at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep. In the off-season, the cultivation of single brachiaria promoted a greater amount of dry matter when compared with sorghum- brachiaria or maize-brachiaria intercropping. The topsoil presented better physical quality when compared with the adjacent layers under no-tillage system. The use of brachiaria combined with sorghum or maize tends to improve the macro and microporosity of the soil.
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MINGOTTE, FÁBIO LUIZ CHECCHIO, FÁBIO TIRABOSCHI LEAL, MARCELA MIDORI YADA DE ALMEIDA, ORLANDO FERREIRA MORELLO, TATIANA PAGAN LOEIRO DA CUNHA-CHIAMOLERA, and LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS. "NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND EXPORT BY COMMON BEAN AS A FUNCTION OF STRAW AND N SPLITTING IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 1 (January 2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n112rc.
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ABSTRACT Determining nitrogen (N) accumulation and export by common bean as a function of straw and of the splitting of this nutrient is very important, aiming at the management and sustainability of agricultural systems. This study aimed to determine the N accumulation and export by common bean as a function of Zea mays and Urochloa ruziziensis grass straw (maize, maize/U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis) and splitting of top-dressing N fertilization. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal-SP-Brazil, during the 2012/13 crop season, in a Red Eutrophic Oxisol (Eutrudox) in no-tillage under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with four replicates, totaling 120 subplots sized in 25m2 each. The plots consisted of the cropping systems prior to common bean: maize, maize/ U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis. The subplots were composed of ten top-dressing N fertilization splitting schemes (NS) at the phenological stages V3, V4 and R5 in different combinations. Common bean grain yield differs among cropping systems and as a function of top-dressed N split application. U. ruziziensis grass as single crop promotes greater N accumulation in common bean shoots compared to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass. Regardless the cropping system, top-dressing N application in a single dose (90 kg ha-1) at V4 leads to similar accumulations and exports to those found in the absence of N fertilization. Splitting schemes with N application at the R5 stage increase the exports of this nutrient by common bean in succession to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass.
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Roy, A. R., B. C. Sasmal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee. "Effects of Intercropping Oilseeds and Pulses in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (October 1990): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700001332.
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SUMMARYThe effects of intercropping roselle with blackgram, cowpea, soyabean, groundnut and sesame under single, double and triple row planting patterns and at three different intercrop sowing dates were studied from 1983 to 1985. The fibre yield of roselle was reduced by intercropping. The reduction was least with groundnut and greatest with cowpea but was compensated for by the yield of the intercrops. Double and triple row planting systems favoured the productivity of both roselle and the intercrops, increasing the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of the cropping system. The best yields of roselle were obtained when the intercrops were sown 15 days after the roselle.
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Roy, A. R., B. C. Sasmal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee. "Effects of Intercropping Oilseeds and Pulses in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (October 1990): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700003616.
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SUMMARYThe effects of intercropping roselle with blackgram, cowpea, soyabean, groundnut and sesame under single, double and triple row planting patterns and at three different intercrop sowing dates were studied from 1983 to 1985. The fibre yield of roselle was reduced by intercropping. The reduction was least with groundnut and greatest with cowpea but was compensated for by the yield of the intercrops. Double and triple row planting systems favoured the productivity of both roselle and the intercrops, increasing the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of the cropping system. The best yields of roselle were obtained when the intercrops were sown 15 days after the roselle.
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ALEMAYEHU, A., T. TAMADO, D. NIGUSSIE, D. YIGZAW, T. KINDE, and C. S. WORTMANN. "Maize–common bean intercropping to optimize maize-based crop production." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 7 (March 27, 2017): 1124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000193.
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SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.)–common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping is a recent practice in north-western Ethiopia and there is limited information on its productivity. A field experiment was conducted at South Achefer and Mecha in north-western Ethiopia during the 2012 and 2013 crop growing seasons to determine combinations of intercrop planting arrangement (IPA) with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates for optimizing maize–common bean intercrop productivity and profitability. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of two IPA (single row of common bean between maize rows and paired rows of common bean between paired rows of maize), two N rates (92 and 128 kg N/ha) and two P rates (20 and 40 kg P/ha). A sole crop maize with recommended fertilizer rate of 128/40 kg N/P/ha was used as a control treatment. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that land equivalent ratio was more than unity, and the intercrop system was 20% more productive relative to the sole crop. Maize equivalent yields were highest for most of the intercrop treatments relative to mono-crop maize with yield advantage of 14% from single row IPA with 128/20 kg N/P/ha. Single row IPA with 128/20 kg N/P/ha and paired row IPA with 92/20 kg N/P/ha increased financial returns by 16 and 8% relative to sole crop maize, respectively. Smallholder maize-based cropping of north-western Ethiopia could be nutritionally, agronomically and financially improved through maize–common bean intercropping of single row IPA with appropriate nutrient management.
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Ahmed, M., S. Ishtiaque, MMR Sarker, AS MMR Khan, AK Choudhury, MK Hasan, F. Hossain, SK Paul, and MU Islam. "Hybrid Maize and Chilli Intercropping in the Hilly Areas of Bandarban." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 1 (October 9, 2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i1.29869.
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The experiment was conducted at farmers field of On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bandarban during Rabi season of 2014-15 to find out suitable combination of hybrid maize and chilli intercropping system to increase system productivity and economic return. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with six dispersed replications. The maize var. BARI Hybrid Maize-9 and chilli (local) were used in the experiment. Two intercropping combinations viz., Maize single row (100 cm x 25 cm) + 2 rows chilli (50 cm x 40 cm) and Maize single row (150 cm x 25 cm) + 3 rows Chilli (50 cm x 40 cm) were evaluated against their sole crops. The highest gross return (Tk. 435040 ha-1), net return (Tk. 366290 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (6.33) were recorded in maize single row (150 cm x 25cm) + 3 rows Chilli (50 cm x 40 cm) combination. Cob yield of hybrid maize and green fruit yield of Chilli were the highest in the respective sole crops. The results revealed that maize single row (150 cm x 25 cm) + 3 rows Chilli (50 cm x 40 cm) combination might be suitable and economically profitable for the hilly areas.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 45-48
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Xu, Qinqin, Kangning Xiong, Yongkuan Chi, and Shuzhen Song. "Effects of Crop and Grass Intercropping on the Soil Environment in the Karst Area." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105484.
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The karst area in Southwest China is facing the challenges of environmental degradation and agricultural safety. Intercropping is a green and efficient planting mode that can make full use of the differences in crops’ physiological and ecological characteristics and land and climate resources while considering the environmental and yield benefits. This study selected five treatments: Salvia miltiorrhiza monoculture, Dactylis glomerata intercropped with S. miltiorrhiza, Cichorium intybus intercropped with S.miltiorrhiza, Trifolium repens intercropped with S.miltiorrhiza, and Lolium perenne intercropped with S.miltiorrhiza. Using one-way ANOVA, principle component analysis (PCA), and linear correlation analysis, we analyzed the changes in the soil physicochemical factors and the coupling relationship between them in the intercropping mode. The results showed that at different soil depths, the soil bulk density in the intercropping mode was significantly lower than that in the single cropping mode (p < 0.05), and the soil water content and total porosity were significantly increased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in soil pH among the five models (p > 0.05), the content of soil organic matter was significantly higher than that in the single cropping mode (p < 0.05), and the content of nitrogen and phosphorus also showed different changes. The correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the pH and soil physical properties (p > 0.05); bulk density and chemical properties were negatively correlated, while the soil water content, field water-holding capacity, and total porosity were significantly positively correlated with the chemical properties (p > 0.05). Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the management of agricultural grass intercropping, improve soil pore structure, regulate the distribution of soil water and fertilizer, and improve the resilience of agricultural systems in the karst area of southwest China.
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Lima, Pedro Luiz Terra, Marx Leandro Naves Silva, Nilton Curi, and John Quinton. "Soil loss by water erosion in areas under maize and jack beans intercropped and monocultures." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 2 (April 2014): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000200004.
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Adequate soil management can create favorable conditions to reduce erosion and water runoff, consequently increase water soil recharge. Among management systems intercropping is highly used, especially for medium and small farmers. It is a system where two or more crops with different architectures and vegetative cycles are explored simultaneously at the same location. This research investigated the effects of maize intercropped with jack bean on soil losses due to water erosion, estimate C factor of Universal Soil Losses Equation (USLE) and how it can be affected by soil coverage. The results obtained also contribute to database generation, important to model and estimate soil erosion. Total soil loss by erosion caused by natural rain, at Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were: 4.20, 1.86, 1.38 and 1.14 Mg ha-1, respectively, for bare soil, maize, jack bean and the intercropping of both species, during evaluated period. Values of C factor of USLE were: 0.039, 0.054 and 0.077 Mg ha Mg-1 ha-1 for maize, jack bean and intercropping between both crops, respectively. Maize presented lower vegetation cover index, followed by jack beans and consortium of the studied species. Intercropping between species showed greater potential on soil erosion control, since its cultivation resulted in lower soil losses than single crops cultivation, and this aspect is really important for small and medium farmers in the studied region.
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Fachinelli, Ricardo, Thais Stradioto Melo, Denise Prevedel Capristo, Hadassa Kathyuci Antunes de Abreu, and Gessí Ceccon. "WEEDS IN SOYBEAN CROP AFTER ANNUAL CROPS AND PASTURE." Journal of Neotropical Agriculture 8, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): e5563. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v8i1.5563.
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The use of crop practices to reduce the weed community is an ally to integrated weed management. Given this, the study aimed to identify a composition and weed infestation in a soybean area under different predecessor crops implanted in different years. The experiment was carried out in the 2019/2020 harvest in Dourados, MS. The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments. The treatments were composed of autumn-winter crops. The area with predecessor cultivation: corn-Brachiaria intercropping; cowpea beans; single corn; an area with predecessor cultivation of Brachiaria as pasture for one year; two years; three years; four years; five years, and six years. All treatments were followed by soybean cultivation in the 2018/2019 harvest and an intercropping with corn and Brachiaria in the 2019 off-season harvest. There was a difference in the absolute weed infestation between the evaluated areas. Treatments with corn and cowpea had greater weed infestation. However, areas with pasture or intercropping with corn and Brachiaria showed less infestation, especially in areas with Brachiaria grown in the off-season for more than two years. The weed species composition differs between the areas evaluated. The implantation of a corn-Brachiaria intercropping in the off-season under a crop rotation system, especially in areas with Brachiaria grown in the off-season for more than four years, reduces the weed infestation.
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Tika, I. Wayan, Ida Ayu Gede Bintang Madrini, Sumiyati Sumiyati, and Ni Nyoman Sulastri. "Penghematan Air Irigasi Saat Olah Tanah dengan Tanaman Sela pada Subak." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian Agrotechno 5, no. 2 (October 11, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jitpa.2020.v05.i02.p07.
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One of the significant programs in paddy rice cultivation is the management of irrigation water efficiently and effectively. Commonly, the planting schedule for the subak system in Bali is performed simultaneously, which leads to the highest peak of irrigation water demand. The high demand for water causes a high risk of water shortage, especially during soil tillage. One of the solutions to save irrigation water is to use the intercropping farming method. This method allows farmers to cultivate more than a single crop in a given field area (Monoculture). Based on recent field observation, approximately 10% of the rice paddy field was chili pepper field as a second crop for the intercropping farming method. The result shows by using the intercropping farming method; the water-saving was not significant, which is less than 7 %. It is important to note that the data was collected during the chili pepper growing season from July to August. Additionally, during that time, the soil tillage period was quite long, which was 50 days.
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M.T.N. Fernando, M.E. Daw, and I.E. Edwards. "FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON EXPANSION OF A NEW TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF COCONUT-BASED INTERCROPPING IN SRI LANKA." CORD 19, no. 01 (June 1, 2003): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v19i01.367.
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Monocropping, the widely practiced traditional coconut cultivation system in Sri Lanka, utilizes bio-physical resources sub optimally, generating low returns to growers than its potential under an intensive cultivation alternative, coconut-based intercropping (CBI). Despite concerted efforts of successive governments, the adoption of CBI systems by farmers is low. This study investigates the farmers' perceptions of CBI on the premise that the understanding of farmers’ perceptions of a new technology is important to identify the causes for the low adoption of that technology. Data were gathered by a field survey of 113 and 37 intercroppers and monocroppers respectively, in three main coconut-growing districts, namely Kurunegala, Gampaha and Puttalam, using a structured questionnaire supplemented with open-ended questions, through a single visit. Percentage analysis supplemented with a simple scoring device was employed to analyze the farmer's perceptions of CBI. Intercroppers objectives of intercropping, the constraints they face in expanding intercropping, reasons for non-adoption of CBI by present monocroppers and the suggestions of present intercroppers to further expand the CBI, all in the order of importance, are presented.
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De Souza Padilha, Neriane, Gessí Ceccon, Valdecir Batista Alves, Antonio Luiz Neto Neto, Juslei Figueiredo da Silva, and Priscila Akemi Makino. "Soybean yield in succession to single and intercropping corn and brachiaria and submitted to differents irrigation intervals." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - Reveng 29 (June 8, 2021): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11225.
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The experiment was performed at a non-acclimatized protected screened environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence predecessor crops of single and intercropping corn and brachiaria on soybean yield submitted to irrigation intervals. The experimental design adopted was in a split split-plot randomized block design with four repetitions. Two soil classes (dystroferric Red Latosol and dystrophic Red Latosol) were evaluated in the plots, three intervals between irrigations were used during the soybean flowering (each one day, two days and three days) in the subplots and three types straw in the crops autumn-winter (single corn, single brachiaria, intercropping corn and brachiaria) in the sub-subplots. The two soybean plants cultivated in polyethylene pots containing 20 liters of dystroferric Red Latosol or dystrophic Red Latosol corresponded to each repetition, according to the treatment. The irrigation intervals of three and two days, in dystroferric Red Latosol and dystrophic Red Latosol, respectively, with single brachiaria at the previous crop provided greater number and weight of pods, higher number of grains and higher soybean yield. Irrigation every three days with single corn at the previous crop in dystroferric Red Latosol and dystrophic Red Latosol, resulted in the lower soybean performance.
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Takim, F. O., J. O. Omeke, P. Tunku, J. A. Shebaya, G. Olaoye, D. Tologbonse, and J. E. Onyibe. "Evaluation of maize-soybean intercropping systems and fertilizer rates on maize grain yield using competitive indices." Journal of Agricultural Research and Development 18, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jard.v18i1.8.
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Field trials were conducted in savanna ecologies of Nigeria during the 2015 and 2016 seasons using maize (PVA8) and soybean (TGX 1448-2E) intercropping systems with different fertilizer rates to evaluate the yield of maize and assess the best intercropping system for resource management. Single plant stands and two plants/stand and 2 arrangements of rows (one row on a ridge and two rows on a ridge) were used to impose maize plant densities evaluated in strip inter-crop with soybean. The trial was factorial, laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Thus, 8 maize-soybean strip cropping systems and application of 3 NPK rates were evaluated at Saki-Oyo, Ilorin, and Nasarawa (southern Guinea savanna), Kaduna in the northern Guinea savanna, Funtua (Katsina) and Gusau (Zamfara) located within Sudan savanna ecologies of Nigeria. Data on yields and yield components were collected. The intercropping systems were assessed using existing intercropping indices such as Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Relative Crowding Coefficient (K), Aggressivity (A), Competitive Ratio (CR), Actual Yield Loss (AYL), Intercropping Advantage (IA) and Monetary Advantage Index (MAI). The result showed that Nasarawa and Kaduna were most ideal locations for maize production in the Nigeria savannas. The highest grain yield of 4.04 tons/ha maize and 1.36 tons/ha soybean were obtained from seeding 1 plant/stand in 2-rows per ridge x 4 ridges of maize alternated with 2 rows of soybean with the application of NPK at 100:50:50. The LER was 1.11, AYL (1.10) and MAI (208) gave a profit of ₦312,102.00 (US$990.80) ha-1 with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.38 and production efficiency of 29.56%. The study concluded that, seeding 80% maize and 20% soybean per ha will lead to sustainable maize crop production with limited use of fertilizer. It can be adopted by the farmers in Nigeria savannas as a relatively profitable intercropping system.
Keywords: Maize production, Ideal location, Fertilizer rate, Competitive indices, Savanna ecologies, Nigeria
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Sá, Jolinda Mércia de, Francisco Bezerra Neto, Roberto Cleiton Fernandes de Queiroga, Aridênia Peixoto Chaves, Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima, Elizangela Cabral dos Santos, Renato Leandro da Costa Nunes, et al. "Agro-economic efficiency in radish-arugula intercropping as a function of green manuring and population density." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): e5310514867. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14867.
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The vegetables intercropping practice triumph in family farming depends on several production factors, including the crops involved, green manuring and plant density of component crops. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess whether there is agro-economic viability in the radish-arugula intercropping, in different equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on base dry) and in diverse arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of that recommended density for single crop - RDSC), combined with 100% of the RDSC for radish in two cropping years. The characteristics, the commercial productivity of radish roots and the arugula green mass yield were evaluated and in the intercropped system, the agronomic indices: land equivalent ratio (LER), intercropping advantage (IA), actual yield loss (AYL), productive efficiency index (PEI), score of the canonical variable (Z), and the economic indicators: gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR) and profit margin (PM). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the radish-arugula intercropping were achieved with an LER of 1.64, PEI of 0.86, Z of 1.54, GI of R$ 45,543.92 ha-1, NI of R$ 24,662,31 ha-1, RR of R$ 2.20 for each real invested, and PM of 56.37%, respectively, in the combination of 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass and arugula population density of 100% of the RDSC, corresponding to the density of 1 million plants per hectare.
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Barros Júnior, Aurélio P., Arthur B. Cecílio Filho, Bráulio Luciano A. Rezende, Diego RQ Pôrto, and Renato de M. Prado. "Nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket." Horticultura Brasileira 29, no. 3 (September 2011): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362011000300024.
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The work was carried out at UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, from September to December 2006, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, treatments being arranged in a 4 x 4 + 2 factorial design. The treatments were the result of a combination of four N rates for lettuce (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha-1) and four N rates for rocket (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha-1), plus two additional treatments, which corresponded to lettuce and rocket under single cropping. Veronica (lettuce) and Folha Larga (rocket) were the cultivars used. An increase in the N rate for both cultures, under intercropping system, caused fresh matter gains and higher yields for lettuce and rocket, maximizing the land equivalent ratio (1.84) at 127 kg ha-1 of N for lettuce and 195 kg ha-1 of N for rocket.
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Neykova, Nina, Joy Obando, Raimund Schneider, Chris Shisanya, Sören Thiele-Bruhn, and Frank M. Thomas. "Vertical root distribution in single-crop and intercropping agricultural systems in Central Kenya." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 174, no. 5 (May 4, 2011): 742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201000314.
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Sahuri, Risal Ardika, Radite Tistama, and Fetrina Oktavia. "A review: The development of double row spacing to improve land productivity and income of rubber smallholders." E3S Web of Conferences 305 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130503002.
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Low prices of rubber has been a serious problem to rubber smallholders in Indonesia. Rubber-based intercropping systems offers a practical solution to this issue and increasing overall productivity of intercrops, for example upland rice and maize. This study reviewed the suitable spatial arrangements in rubber planting to long term impact based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a smallholder rubber plantation in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan with area of 50 ha. Two planting patterns of rubber PB 260 clone were tested: (1) single row planting pattern (SR) by 6 m x 3 m, and (2) double row planting pattern (DR) by 18 m x 2 m x 2.5 m. The experiment showed that girth of rubber trees in the SR system at the first tapping year was slightly larger than in DR system, even though statistically it was not significant. The latex yield per tree of SR and DR systems were similar, however, latex yield per hectare of SR system was higher than DR system due to a higher tree population in SR system. The DR system was technically suitable for long term intercropping, because when rubber tree can reached 8 to 9 years old and light penetration was more than 80% at distance from the rubber row. The total area required for rubber, upland rice and maize grown in monoculture to produce an equivalent of a one hectare of rubber-upland rice-maize intercrop is 1.87. This means the intercropping has an advantage compared to monoculture.
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Abdalla, M. M. A., and A. S. S. El-Gergawi. "491 Intercropping of Spring-planted Sugarcane with Sweetpotato and Cowpea Under Conditions of Middle Egypt." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 479A—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.479a.
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Sugarcane, cowpea, and sweetpotato were grown in sole and intercrop systems at Experimental Station, Mallawi, Egypt (lat. 28°N) in the two spring seasons in 1996 and 1997 to determine the effects of cropping system on yield and yield components. The soil texture of the experimental site was loamy with a pH of 8.2. Results showed significant differences in yield and yield components of cane, cowpea, and sweetpotato due to intercropping treatments. Sugarcane intercropping caused signficant reduction in yield of sweetpotato and cowpea. The average yields of both sweetpotato and cowpea in the intercrop system were about 19.8 % and 29.9 %, respectively, of those of sole crop yields. Moreover, sweetpotato was more competitive than cowpea when intercropped. Furthermore, the magnitude of differences in sugarcane was low between sole and intercropped system as compared to sweet potato or cowpea. All yield attributes of cowpea and sweetpotato were better for the sole planted as compared to those for intrecrop treatments. Intercropping of one cowpea row sown at 15-cm hill spacing, between two sugarcane rows produced the maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER). This work suggests that the best cash return could be obtained when a single cowpea row planted at 30-cm hill spacing, is intercropped between two springplanted sugarcane rows.
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Satria, Benni. "The Results of Testing Several Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under The Stands of Immature Coffee Plants." JERAMI Indonesian Journal of Crop Science 3, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jijcs.3.1.12-15.2020.
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Potatoes have the potential to be developed as a source of carbohydrates in supporting food diversification programs. Reduced potatoes production has resulted from a decrease in the land area for potato cultivation. The effort that can be made to increase land productivity is through multiple cropping systems such as intercropping, intermittent intercropping, streak planting, annual intercropping, and agroforestry. It is necessary to use idle land under plantation stands that have not been optimized, in increasing productivity and efficiency of agricultural production systems. This study aims to get the varieties that have the best growth and yields planted under immature coffee stands. This research applies a Single Factorial Experiment in Completely Random Design, where the factor is four levels of potato varieties, Granola (V1), Bliss (V2), Kentang Merah (V3) and Batang Hitam (V4). Observations made include plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, tuber length, tuber diameter, weight per tuber, number of tubers/plat, and total tuber by grade tubers (Small, Medium, Large, Very large). Based on the analysis variance of each observation variable shows, there is an effect of the variable observation except the width of the leaves. Granola provides the best response to the growth and yield of potato plants
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Carvalho, Cássio Francisco Moreira de, Douglas Gomes Viana, Fábio Ribeiro Pires, Fernando Barboza Egreja Filho, Robson Bonomo, Luiz Fernando Martins, Leila Beatriz Silva Cruz, Mauro César Pinto Nascimento, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, and Paulo Roberto da Rocha Júnior. "Phytoremediation of barium-affected flooded soils using single and intercropping cultivation of aquatic macrophytes." Chemosphere 214 (January 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.096.
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Pandey, Y. R., T. B. Karki, and G. P. Paudel. "Ginger Integration in Maize Based Cropping System for Increased Income in the Hills of Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 7 (August 30, 2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v7i0.560.
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A field experiment was conducted at Deurali, Palpa (1200 m asl) during 2004 rainy season to identify the appropriate plant population of maize for increased productivity of maize ginger, net economic return and land use efficiency due to integration of the above crops based cropping system in the hills. Maize was planted as double planting (double plants in a hill with 100x100 cm spacing), single planting (single plant in a hill with 100 x 50 cm spacing), normal planting (75 x 25 cm spacing) and ginger was cropped in between the maize rows at 30 x 30 cm spacing sole maize and sole ginger. The results of the experiment showed that the highest maize and ginger yield were obtained from sole planting system with an average of 6.15 and 41.13t/ha maize ginger and fresh ginger rhizomes respectively. the lowest net return of Rs 16,934/ha was obtained from sole maize planting. Among the intercropping systems. Maize double planting and ginger integration system produced significantly high net income of Rs. 535,426/ha with acceptable land equivalent ration (LER) (1.40). However, the highest net return of Rs 604,034/ ha was obtained from ginger as sole planting. Since maize is the staple food crop in the hill and it could not be ignored in the cropping system, maize double planting with ginger integration was found beneficial with significant high net profit compared to sole maize while ginger gave 12.81% more net profit compared to intercropping. the result of the experiment revealed that double planting of maize with ginger integration system would be profitable instead of sole maize but cultivation of ginger as sole crop has been found much profitable than intercropping in the mid-hills. In the hilly regions farmers generally grow maize and ginger separately. The concept of intercropping maize + ginger in a field enhances crop productivity per unit area. This information which is documented in the maize + ginger in a field enhances crop productivity per unit area. This information which is documented in the different social studies in western hills. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006
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Viana, Caris dos Santos, Marcelo de Almeida Guimarães, Hozano de Souza Lemos Neto, Benedito Pereira Lima Neto, Ítalo Marlone Gomes Sampaio, Ana Régia Alves de Araújo Hendges, and Janiquelle da Silva Rabelo. "Intercropping arugula with aromatic condiment species affords better yields, biological efficiency and financial return." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): e21910313237. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13237.
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Intercropping affords an increase in productivity by optimising the area used, as well as maximising input use efficiency the financial return of intercroping systems was higher than that observed in the respective individual cultures. Here we show prominently that the financial return of the consortium systems was higher than that observed in the respective individual cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic parameters, biological and productive efficiency, and economic performance of arugula under a single and intercropped system. The study was conducted at the Teaching Garden of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, in a randomised block design, with four replications and seven treatments: T1 (single arugula), T2 (arugula intercropped with coriander), T3 (arugula intercropped with parsley), T4 (arugula intercropped with garlic chives), T5 (single coriander), T6 (single parsley) and T7 (single garlic chives). Phytotechnical evaluations were carried out. Biological efficiency was evaluated based on the following factors: land use efficiency index or land equivalent ratio (LER), relative contribution of the arugula crop to the LER (CRC), area time equivalent ratio (RAET) and system productivity index (IPS). For the economic analysis, the following were evaluated: operational production costs (OC; BRL ha-1), gross revenue (GR; BRL ha-1), gross profit (GP; BRL ha-1), rate of return (RR; %) and profitability index (PI;%). The system based on arugula intercropped with coriander showed the best agronomic performance and biological efficiency. Productivity and economic advantage under this intercropped system were also superior to the other treatments.
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Gimenez, Guilherme Semião, João Henrique Vieira de Almeida Junior, Vinicius Cesar Sambatti, Vagner do Nascimento, and Giliardi Dalazen. "Evolution of soil cover and dry shoot phytomass accumulation of autumn/winter cover crops and its effect on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): e3310413797. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13797.
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The cultivation of cover crops under no-tillage systems can promote positive improvements in soil attributes and promote increases in grain yield of successor crops, such as soybeans. The aim of this work was to evaluate the evolution of soil cover and accumulation of dry shoot phytomass of autumn/winter cover crops and their impact on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession. Black oats (Avena strigosa), rye (Secale cereale) and turnip (Raphanus sativus) were used as cover species in single crops, dual and triple intercropping, in addition to the fallow and weeded controls. The percentage of soil cover (%) and the accumulation of dry shoot phytomass were evaluated at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). In soybean crop, plant height, number of productive nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, mass of a thousand grains and grain yield were evaluated. The cultivation of turnip single provided the fastest soil coverage, with 90.0% at 45 DAS. The intercropping between rye + turnip provided the largest accumulations of dry shoot phytomass, greater than 7.0 Mg ha-1 at 105 DAS. The highest soybean yields were obtained in succession to the cultivation of black oat and rye in single, yielding approximately 3,300 kg ha-1, 50% higher compared to fallow and weeded treatments.
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Marques, Karolyna Oliveira, Adriano Jakelaitis, Kátia Cylene Guimarães, Leandro Spíndola Pereira, Isabella Sichierski Cardoso, and Suzete Fernandes Lima. "Production, fermentation profile, and nutritional quality of silage from corn and soybean intercropping." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl2 (September 30, 2019): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3143.
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Forage seasonality makes farmers use conservation practices. Mixing corn silage and legumes can enhance silage quality and hence animal productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate yield and quality of silages from intercropping between genetically modified corn and soybean for glyphosate tolerance (RR - Roundup Ready) as a function of plant spatial arrangement, soybean variety, and sowing fertilization methods. Two intercropping arrangements of RR corn and RR soybeans were tested: alternate single rows of corn and soybeans and double corn rows for each soybean row. Treatments were randomized blocks with four replications, arranged in a 2x2+1 factorial scheme. The first factor was sowing fertilization method (2): only in corn rows or in total area. The second factor was soybean variety (2): medium- and late-cycle genotypes, and an additional treatment of corn monoculture. After harvest, forage material was analyzed for agronomic characteristics and then ensiled for 60 days. Thereafter, bromatological composition, fermentation profile, and losses were analyzed during silage fermentation process. No differences were observed among treatments for total silage production. Overall, silage from intercropping treatments showed higher levels of hemicellulose, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, and ether extract, thus improving silage quality. However, lower contents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose were also observed in silage from intercropped treatments. In short, adding soybeans to silage can improve final roughage, reducing costs of protein and energy supplements.
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Rajaii, Mahdieh, and Mehdi DahMardeh. "The Evaluation of Corn and Peanut Intercropping on Efficiency of Use the Environmental Resource and Soil Fertility." Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 4 (March 15, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p99.
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Order to study the effect of density, the control weed and various proportion corn (704 Variety) and peanut (Goli Variety) intercropping an experiment was conducted in 2012 in Research station of agriculture, University of Zabol. The experiment design was factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiment factors consisted of planting proportions in 4 levels (sole crop of corn, 50% corn + 50% peanut, 100% corn + 100% peanut and sole crop of peanut), control weed in 3 levels (non-weeding, once-weeding and twice-weeding) and the space between rows in 2 level (40 and 50 cm) has been considered. The evaluated Characteristics in environmental sources are (Photosynthetic Active Radiation, Temperature and soil Moisture), the nutrients of soil include (N, K, Na, Mg, Ca, and C) and to evaluate intercropping of pure was used land equivalent ratio and economical yield. All Characteristics of study were affected by planting system.There was significant interaction between planting system, weeding and density in the absorption of light, temperature and moisture of soil. The results showed that photosynthesis active radiation absorbed by the intercropping was higher than sole crop in both plants. The results showed that changes in soil nutrient capacity of single elements (Na and K) in the treatment of mixed and monoculture peanut was more than monoculture corn and divalent elements (Ca and Mg) in mixed and monoculture corn more than mixed replacement and peanut monoculture. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.048) was accounted additive intercropping. Generally the mixed cultures with increasing density and control weed caused increase soil fertility and amount of soil nutrients after harvest. Treatment 100% Corn +100% peanut was the best treatment because using sources and increasing soil fertility and crop yield in comparison to sole crop.
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Ronner, Esther, Eva Thuijsman, Peter Ebanyat, Katrien Descheemaeker, and Ken E. Giller. "Intercropping of climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) and East African highland banana (Musa spp.) in the Ugandan highlands." Experimental Agriculture 57, no. 1 (February 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000411.
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AbstractEast African highland bananas and climbing beans are important crops for food and income in the highlands of Uganda. Intercropping of banana with legume crops is a common practice, yet climbing bean intercropping with perennials has rarely been studied in Uganda. To understand how best to improve the production system, we assessed the effects of pruning of banana leaves on light availability for climbing beans, resulting effects on bean yields and potential differences in shade tolerance between two climbing bean varieties in the eastern and southwestern highlands of Uganda. Measurements of the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) through the banana canopy were combined with yield measurements of a local and improved climbing bean variety and with banana pseudostem girth in two seasons (2016A and 2016B). We also compared yields of intercropped with sole-cropped climbing beans. The mean fractions of PAR transmitted through the banana canopy – hence available for beans – were 0.43 on pruned and 0.38 on non-pruned subplots, a significant 15% difference. The improved light availability did not increase climbing bean yield. Although no direct relationship between light interception and bean yields was found, bean yields on the most and least shaded parts of the intercropped fields differed significantly, suggesting that beans do benefit from improved light availability in intercropping. Generally, yields of sole-cropped beans were significantly larger than of intercropped beans, but we could not single out the effects of competition for light, water, and/or nutrients. The bean varieties responded similarly to the pruning treatments. The local variety tended to perform relatively better in intercropping, the improved variety in sole cropping, though differences were not significant overall. Pruning and retention of eight banana leaves over the course of a season did not affect banana pseudostem girths in the mature banana plantations. Although light availability improved, farmers may not expect a major effect on bean yield. Future research may focus on the effects of a lower number of leaves retained, comparing a number of bean varieties for suitability in sole or intercropping, or on other factors influencing the relation between the two crops such as relative plant densities of beans and bananas.
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Paula, Fabiana Luiza Matielo de, Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes, Wagner Paris, Ricardo Ronsani, Sarah Maria Hoppen, and Julio Ciesca. "Silage production and the chemical composition of corn and Grass-tanzania intercropping." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1607.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and chemical composition of silages of grass Tanzania and corn, grown single or intercropping. The experiment was conducted at UTFPR Câmpus Dois Vizinhos in the period between October 2011 and July 2012, a 600 m² area. The treatments were: TMI - single corn, TMT - corn and grass Tanzania consortium at the time of sowing, TT - Tanzania grass single, TT32 - grass Tanzania silage to 32% dry matter (content similar to that of corn). The experimental design a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. Agronomic evaluations were performed 120 days after planting, as follows: number of linear-1 plants metro, plant height and ear insertion and number of ears.plants-1. In the grass we evaluated canopy height, where it was held the botanical separation in green leaves, dried and stem. Silage started being held in 100 mm PVC pipe (mini-silos) kept sealed for 60 days. At the time of opening of the silo were determined the following parameters: DM, pH, total loss of DM (PDM), specifies mass (SM), dry matter recovery indices (IRDM), losses gas (LG), and size particle. Chemical analysis of the results of OM, MM, ADF were higher for TMI treatments, TT and TT, respectively. CP and LIG had superior results for the treatments containing grass. Corn intercropping with grass Tanzania silage provides more crude protein and lignin compared to exclusive corn silage without damaging the crop yield. Silage maiden Tanzania has higher levels of ADF and crude protein as well as increased production of dry matter than corn silage. The grass Tanzania should be harvested with 30% DM as presented better pH values, higher dry matter recovery rate, less loss of gas as well as increased production of dry matter that Tanzania harvested at the same age corn.
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Setiawan, Agus Nugroho. "Pengendalian Gulma Dengan Tanaman Sela Kacang Pada Budidaya Jagung Manis Tumpangsari." PLANTA TROPIKA: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) 1, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/pt.v1i2.3120.
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An research on weed control with legumes in sweet corn intercropping was conducted in Kasihan, Bantul District of Yogyakarta on February to June 2003. The experiment was aimed to study the role of legume crop to control weed growth in the intercropping of sweet corn. The experiment was arranged in a single factor randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replication. The treatment was the kind of legumes i.e groundnut, mungbean and soybean planted with sweetcorn in the ratio of 1: 1, 1:2, and 1:3 to be compared to sole crop of sweet com and legumes. The result of this experiment showed that legumes existence reduced light intensity on soil surface. Presence of legumes as second crop with ratio up to 1:3 was significantly reduced the weed growth but not significantly influenced growth and yield of sweet corn. The higher the ratio of sweet corn-legumes, the achievement of legumes yield and land equivalent ratio were higher.
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Hutubessy, Josina Irene Brigetha. "PENGARUH PUPUK NPK PHONSKA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TUMPANG SARI CABAI (Capsicum annum L.) DAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.)." AGRICA 10, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v10i1.76.
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Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the vegetable commodities that has bright prospects and market demand continues to increase along with the increase in population, but until now the chili has not been able to meet the needs of the community. Efforts to increase production to meet needs that cover quality and quantity can be done by planting intercropping and fertilizing NPK Phonska. This study aims to determine the effect of NPK Phonska fertilizer on the growth and yield of intercropping of optimal chili and shallot plants. The experimental design used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single factor pattern consisting of 5 NPK Phonska fertilizer treatments, namely BC0 = 0 kg ha-1 (control), BC1 = 300 kg ha-1, BC2 = 600 kg ha-1, BC3 = 900 kg ha-1, BC4 = 1200 kg ha-1. Non-destructive data collection is carried out. F test level 5% to test the effect of treatment, the difference between treatments was based on 5% BNT Value. The results showed that administration of NPK Phonska fertilizer had a very significant effect on chili plants, namely on growth variables and yields of plant height 26.14 cm, number of leaves of 15.11 strands, leaf area of ??11.86 cm2 and plant high onion 33, 34 cm, number of leaves 33.14 strands. The optimum dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer which provides optimal growth and yield of intercropping of chili and shallot plants is 1200 kg ha-1.