Academic literature on the topic 'Single axis tracking solar panel'

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Journal articles on the topic "Single axis tracking solar panel"

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Li, Gui Hua, Run Sheng Tang, and Hao Zhong. "Optical Performance of Horizontal Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.805.

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To investigate the optical performance of horizontal single-axis (HA) sun-tracked solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate daily collectible radiation on fixed, 2-axis and HA-tracked solar panels was developed based monthly horizontal radiation. Results showed that the annual solar gain on a HA-tracked solar panel was related to the orientation of HA, tracking the sun about the east-west axis was worst to boost the energy collection of solar panels, and tracking the sun about the south-north axis was best. Results also indicated that the ratio of annual collectible radiation on horizontal south-north sun-axis tracked solar panels to that with full 2-axis sun-tracking decreased with the increase in site latitude, implying that the horizontal south-north axis sun-tracking was suitable to be employed in regions with lower geographical latitude
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Ullah, Hafiz. "Microcontroller based maximum power point single axis Tracking System." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 4 (March 6, 2013): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.4689.

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Positioning a photovoltaic (PV) panel in the plane of maximum irradiation can increase the power output up to 57%. An automatic microcontroller based system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was designed and analyzed. The system was based on positioning the PV panel perpendicular to the solar irradiation. Photosensors were used to measure the difference of solar radiation intensity among three planes. The tracking system used an 8051 microcontroller to control a stepper motor which rotated the panel towards the plane with highest radiation intensity. The MPPT system was found to be 25.9% more effective in capturing solar power than a fixed panel with the same rating. This system would be useful to increase the power output of currently operating solar panels with minor modifications in mounting. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 427-432, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.4689
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Amely Jumaat, Siti, Adam Afiq Azlan Tan, Mohd Noor Abdullah, Nur Hanis Radzi, Rohaiza Hamdan, Suriana Salimin, and Muhammad Nafis Bin Ismail. "Horizontal Single Axis Solar Tracker Using Arduino Approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp489-496.

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<span lang="EN-MY">This project discusses on the development of horizontal single axis solar tracker using Arduino UNO which is cheaper, less complex and can still achieved the required efficiency. For the development of horizontal single axis solar tracking system, five light dependent resistors (LDR) has been used for sunlight detection and to capture the maximum light intensity. A servo motor is used to rotate the solar panel to the maximum light source sensing by the light dependent resistor (LDR) in order to increase the efficiency of the solar panel and generate the maximum energy. The efficiency of the system has been tested and compared with the static solar panel on several time intervals. A small prototype of horizontal single axis solar tracking system will be constructed to implement the design methodology presented here. As a result of solar tracking system, solar panel will generate more power, voltage, current value and higher efficiency. </span>
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Mohaimin, A. H., M. R. Uddin, and A. Khalil. "Self-sustaining and externally-powered fixed, single, and dual-axis solar trackers." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1031-1039.

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<p>Power output from a small solar panel can be affected by its power consumption when it consumes power from the solar panel. There has been a lack of proper research and experiment in the use of small solar panel with tracking systems. Its significance was detailed in this paper where the voltage output are compared with those which were externally powered. The solar trackers and a microcontroller have been designed and fabricated for this research. Due to the use of the tracking system (single axis and dual axis), the power consumption varies from one to another and its effect on the voltage output. Several experiments have been conducted and it was concluded that small solar panels are not efficient enough to utilize with tracking capabilities due to an increase in power consumption. The externally powered system was found to generate 18% more output compared to a selfsustaining system and that the increase in average power consumptions compared to a fixed panel were 31.7% and 82.5% for single-axis and dualaxis tracker respectively. A concrete evidence was made that utilizing solar tracking capabilities for low power rated solar panel is unfeasible.</p>
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Zhang, Wei Jing. "Design of Single Axis Tracking Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.12.

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This paper presents a single axis tracking solar photovoltaic system,the system has the advantages of simple structure, high control accuracy, low cost. The tracking system be composed of sunlight sensor, controller, barrel ,motor. It can freely achieve to rotate in the space within the range from 0°to 180°. The sunshine vertical irradiation bias in the solar panel is not more than 0.3°. Compared with the fixed photovoltaic system,it can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.
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Imron, Chairul, Imam Abadi, Ilham Amirul Akbar, Jauharotul Maknunah, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, and Aep Saepul Uyun. "Performance Comparison of the Single Axis and Two-Axis Solar System using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Controls." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000005.

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Solar energy is one of the renewable energy that gets more attention from many countries. Solar photo voltaic (PV) takes the right position to get the maximum energy yield. The study was conducted by comparison of performance with two methods of tracking the sun with one axis and two axes by using ANFIS control (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System). The solar tracking system is a system that operates on the sun by using a light sensor and controls the photovoltaic to always perpendicular to the sun by changing the pitch and yaw axis of the sun tracing properties. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is one of the light sensors whose resistance changes depending on the intensity of incoming light. Direct current (DC )motor is used as a PV drive panel in a solar tracking system. A two-axis solar tracking system has a greater power output than a tracking system with a single photovoltaic panel that does not use a tracking system (fixed).
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Racharla, Suneetha, K. Rajan, and K. R. Senthil Kumar. "A Fuzzy Logic Controlled Single Axis Solar Tracking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.893.

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Recently renewable energy sources have gained much attention as a clean energy. But the main problem occurs with the varying nature with the day and season. Aim of this paper is to conserve the energy, of the natural resources. For solar energy resource, the output induced in the photovoltaic (PV) modules depends on solar radiation and temperature of the solar cells. To maximize the efficiency of the system it is necessary to track the path of sun in order to keep the panel perpendicular to the sun. This paper proposes the design and construction of a microcontroller-based solar panel tracking system. The fuzzy controller aims at maximizing the efficiency of PV panel by focusing the sunlight to incident perpendicularly to the panel. The system consists of a PV panel which can be operated with the help of DC motor, four LED sensors placed in different positions and a fuzzy controller which takes the input from sensors and gives output speed to motor. A prototype is fabricated to test the results and compared with the simulation results. The results show the improved performance by using a tracking system
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Nahar, Mst Jesmin, Md Rasel Sarkar, Moslem Uddin, Md Faruk Hossain, Md Masud Rana, and Md Riyad Tanshen. "Single Axis Solar Tracker for Maximizing Power Production and Sunlight Overlapping Removal on the Sensors of Tracker." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 1, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v1i2.333.

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This paper presents the design and execution of a solar tracker system devoted to photovoltaic (PV) conversion panels. The proposed single-axis solar tracker is shifted automatically based on the sunlight detector or tracking sensor. This system also removes incident sunlight overlapping from sensors that are inside the sunlight tracking system. The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is used as a sensor to sense the intensity of light accurately. The sensors are placed at a certain distance from each other in the tracker system to avoid sunlight overlapping for maximum power production. The total system is designed by using a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) as a brain to control the whole system. The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity. The PV panel is fixed with a vertical axis of the tracker. This microcontroller will compare the data and rotate a solar panel via a stepper motor in the right direction to collect maximum photon energy from sunlight. From the experimental results, it can be determined that the automatic (PV solar tracker) sun tracking system is 72.45% more efficient than fixed panels, where the output power of the fixed panel and automatically adjusted panel are 8.289 watts and 14.287 watts, respectively.
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Tang, Run Sheng, Tian Ming Zhang, and Hao Zhong. "Optical Performance of Vertical Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels with Seasonal Adjustment of Tilt-Angles." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.45.

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To investigate the optical performance of vertical single-axis tracked solar panels with the tilt-angle of solar panels being seasonally adjusted (4T-V-A tracked solar panels, in short) as compared with fixed and full 2-axis tracked solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate the daily collectible radiation on fixed and tracked panels is suggested based on the monthly horizontal radiation. Calculation results showed that the optimal date on which tilt-angle adjustments were seasonally made was about 23 days from the equinoxes, the seasonal optimal tilt-angles of a 4T-V-A tracked solar panel for maximizing seasonal energy collection strongly depended on site latitudes, and the corresponding maximum annual collectible radiation on such tracked panel was about 97% of solar radiation annually collected by a dual-axis tracked panel, slightly higher than that on those tracking the sun about south-north axis inclined at a yearly fixed tilt-angle from the horizon. Empirical correlations for a quick estimation of seasonal optimal tilt-angle of vertical single-axis tracked solar panels were also proposed based on climatic data of 32 sites in China.
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Sudibyo, Pandu, Yanu Shalahuddin, and Mochtar Yahya. "Single Axis Tracking PV Panel Using Fuzzy Logic Control." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i1.646.

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Abstrak – Panel PV(Photovoltaic) merupakan teknologi yang mengubah energi cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik. Maka dari itu untuk mendapatkan iradiansi maksinal perlu sistem solar tracker sebagai cara untuk optimalisasi penyerapan cahaya matahari. Pada penelitian ini membahas pembuatan model simulink solar tracker menggunakan kontroler fuzzy logic. Arah sinar matahari disensor mengguanakan 2 buah sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) yang selanjutnya menjadi input logika fuzy. Sistem terdiri atas 4 komponen utama yaitu PV Modul ,Mikrokontroler, motor servo, sensor LDR(Light Dependent Resistor) yang selanjutnya menjadi input logika fuzy. Output logika fuzy berupa nilai yang kemudian diumpan ke servo untuk gerakan panel secara Single Axis. Aplikasi Matlab Simulink sebagai compiler dan pembuat permodelan sistem yang nantinya akan diupload ke mikrokontroler. Arah putaran motor servo ditentukan dengan menggunakan kendali logika fuzzy. Hasil pengujian membuktikan rata-rata tegangan panel PV lebih tinggi daripada panel tanpa kendali, dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 14,35V.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Single axis tracking solar panel"

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Gugale, Gaurav Subhash. "Development of Analytical Equations for Optimum Tilt of Two-Axis and Single-Axis Rotating Solar Panels for Clear-Atmosphere Condition." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright148459939571045.

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Smith, Logan J. "Power Output Modeling and Optimization for a Single Axis Tracking Solar Farm on Skewed Topography Causing Extensive Shading." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2293.

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Many utility-scale solar farms use horizontal single axis tracking to follow the sun throughout the day and produce more energy. Solar farms on skewed topography produce complex shading patterns that require precise modeling techniques to determine the energy output. To accomplish this, MATLAB was used in conjunction with NREL weather predictions to predict shading shapes and energy outputs. The MATLAB models effectively predicted the sun’s position in the sky, panel tilt angle throughout the day, irradiance, cell temperature, and shading size. The Cal Poly Gold Tree Solar Farm was used to validate these models for various lengths of time. First, the models predicted the shading and power output for a single point in time. Four points of time measurements were taken; resulting in 6 to 32 percent difference in shade height, 5 to 60 percent difference for shade length, and 29 to 59 percent difference for power output. This shows the difficulty of predicting a point in time and suggests the sensitivity of numerous variables like solar position, torque tube position, panel tilt, and time itself. When predicting the power over an entire day, the power output curves for a single inverter matched almost exactly except for in the middle of the day due to possible inaccurate cell temperature modeling or the lack of considering degradation and soiling. Since the backtracking region of the power curve is modeled accurately, the optimization routine could be used to reduce interrow shading and maximize the energy output for a single zone of the solar field. By assuming every day is sunny, the optimization routine adjusted the onset of backtracking to improve the energy output by 117,695 kilowatt hours for the year or 8.14 percent compared to the nominal settings. The actual solar farm will likely never see this increase in energy due to cloudy days but should improve by a similar percentage. Further optimization of other zones can be analyzed to optimize the entire solar field.
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Soules, Travis P. "Comparative analysis of the optimization, size, economic feasibility, and carbon emissions for fixed and single-axis tracking solar photovoltaic arrays that meet the total electric power needs of Miami University." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501176535300568.

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Kelly, Jacob. "Techno-economic study for a 50 MW PV plant in Nigeria." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37215.

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As part of Nigeria’s drive to increase electricity production capacity and shift to renewable sources, a new 50 MW photovoltaic (PV) plant is proposed for a town in north-west Nigeria. Rather than using conventional monofacial modules and fixed mounting, it is of interest to consider a selection of new technologies which are attracting growing attention in the global utility PV market. These can increase energy output, and could be used to advantage in this 50 MW plant. However, the technologies, namely bifacial modules and solar tracking, are more expensive than their conventional counterparts, while their relative performance depends on the latitude and climate of the plant location. Thus their economic benefit cannot be taken for granted. The aim of this study is to propose multiple designs for the 50 MW plant using different combinations of module and mounting technologies, finding their economic order of merit by estimating their respective levelised costs of electricity (LCOEs).Using the simulation software PVsyst, the electricity production of different plant layouts and component configurations was estimated. Key parameters such as tilt angle and pitch distance were varied in order to optimise each configuration of technologies. Having sourced economic data from the industry and literature, lifetime plant costs were calculated, which in combination with lifetime electricity production, were used to estimate the LCOE.As expected, results indicated that the optimum configuration was bifacial modules mounted on horizontal single-axis tracking (SAT), followed by monofacial modules on horizontal SAT. Fixed installations had greater LCOEs by a reasonable margin, while the LCOE difference between monofacial and bifacial modules on fixed mounting was within the error of the calculation, meaning this choice relies on more accurate input data. A sensitivity analysis allowed uncertainty in the results to be gauged, and highlighted the factors which most influence LCOE, so that efforts to increase profitability can be focussed in the right places. Finally, suggestions are offered to help optimise bifacial and tracking installations by comparison with conventional plants.The conclusions drawn herein will be specifically relevant to the Swedish developer and EPC contractor Svenska Solenergigruppen which, in due course, will submit a plant design proposal to the project developer of the 50 MW plant. However, it is hoped that this work will act as a guide for any EPC contractor or developer working on a utility PV plant in sub-Saharan Africa, allowing efficient design of an optimal system.
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Kuo, Jun-Yan, and 郭俊彥. "Design a Single-Axis Non-Continuous Solar-Tracking System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80239454480203039226.

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碩士
義守大學
電子工程學系
104
In this study, a new solar tracking method was developed. active non-continuous mode tracking the sun''s position.The tracker in the solar system uses a single-axis structure and an active non-consecutive technique.Aimed at simplifying the system design and reduce tracking system actuation and energy consumption.The tracker based on the seasonal elevation and azimuth data provided from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau to determine the position of the sun.In the day, only four times to adjust the angle of the solar panels.In non-continuous mode active track the sun''s position.The solar panels enhance the energy collection ,and system reduces energy consumption, to improve power generation efficiency.In this study, use of high efficiency, low energy consumption, simple design, low maintenance cost, the advantages of this system.Specifically for lighting applications in rural areas, we design a solar charging lighting systemIn addition, a photo-sensor was also adopted to determine the change of ambient brightness, and a low-power simple control circuit was designed for the lighting, sequentially turning on and off the light source.
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Liu, Wan-Chi, and 劉琬琪. "ACTIVE SOLAR PANEL DUAL-AXIS SUN TRACKING SYSTEM WITH MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FUZZY CONTROLLER DESIGN." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82540205600391715207.

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碩士
大同大學
電機工程學系(所)
97
The purpose of this thesis is to design an active solar panel dual-axis suntracking system with maximum power point tracking fuzzy controller. The tracking system tracks the maximum solar power point no matter what the environmental condition it is and orients the solar panel toward the Sun to enhance the efficiency of thephotovoltaic generation system. First, the operating points of the PV panel are adjusted by a boost converter. The PV voltage and current are measured in real time, and used to estimate the system parameters in the power-voltage polynomial equation and to identify the maximum power. Meanwhile, four light sensors sense one current respectively, which represent the illumination at the time. Inputting the maximum power and four currents to the two fuzzy controllers for dual-axis tracking system, the rotated angles will be got to make the mechanism rotate to the appropriate position. Through the sun tracking method, the PV panel will face the Sun directly at all time. Finally, the simulation results using Matlab verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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Books on the topic "Single axis tracking solar panel"

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Design and optimization of a self-deploying single axis tracking PV array. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Single axis tracking solar panel"

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Saravanan, K., and C. Sharmeela. "Single Axis Tracking to Enhance Power from Solar Photovoltaic Panel." In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Applications, 671–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1645-5_56.

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Iliceto, A., V. Piazza, and S. Guastella. "LONG-TERM FIELD COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO-AXIS AND SINGLE-AXIS TRACKING PV SYSTEMS AND A FIXED PV ARRAY." In Advances In Solar Energy Technology, 238–42. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034315-0.50053-7.

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Zhang, H. Henry, Li-Zhe Tan, Wangling Yu, and Simo Meskouri. "Mechatronic System Design for a Solar Tracker." In Renewable and Alternative Energy, 581–617. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1671-2.ch017.

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The performance and cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic cells depends greatly on the intensity of solar radiation to which they are exposed. Integrating a solar tracking system to the photovoltaic cell panel provides a way to improve the efficiencies of the solar energy system. Designing such an interdisciplinary system requires the mechatronic approach, through which the subsystems and their interfacings relating to the electrical, electronic, mechanical, structural, and control are integrated with multiple functionality and intelligent engineering realized in the microprocessor/controller operations and the controlled mechanisms. This chapter presents a case study of mechatronic system design and prototyping of a two-axis solar tracking system ST100 utilizing microcontroller OOPic. Two stepper motors adjusting the solar panel's rotation and tilt about the horizontal axis and the vertical axis give it the ability to track the movement of the sun and align the solar panel to face the sun at all times.
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Zhang, H. Henry, Li-Zhe Tan, Wangling Yu, and Simo Meskouri. "Mechatronic System Design for a Solar Tracker." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 958–93. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7387-8.ch030.

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The performance and cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic cells depends greatly on the intensity of solar radiation to which they are exposed. Integrating a solar tracking system to the photovoltaic cell panel provides a way to improve the efficiencies of the solar energy system. Designing such an interdisciplinary system requires the mechatronic approach, through which the subsystems and their interfacings relating to the electrical, electronic, mechanical, structural, and control are integrated with multiple functionality and intelligent engineering realized in the microprocessor/controller operations and the controlled mechanisms. This chapter presents a case study of mechatronic system design and prototyping of a two-axis solar tracking system ST100 utilizing microcontroller OOPic. Two stepper motors adjusting the solar panel's rotation and tilt about the horizontal axis and the vertical axis give it the ability to track the movement of the sun and align the solar panel to face the sun at all times.
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Conference papers on the topic "Single axis tracking solar panel"

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Kader, A. M., Muhammad I. Rashad, Mahmoud Elzouka, and B. M. El-Souhily. "A Cost-Effective Active Single Axis Solar Tracking Mechanism Based on Weight Imbalance Principle." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7378.

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Solar trackers are rising in popularity; they benefit a wide range of applications since distributed solar energy generation can reduce electricity costs and support energy independence. In this paper, a simple solar tracking system is introduced. The system is a package unit that can be mounted on any solar panel. The system consists of an electrical motor connected directly to a sliding mass on a linear bearing. The electrical motor is controlled to slide the weight along the shafts in controlled steps. As a result, the photovoltaic panels are rotated automatically under the effect of controlled weight unbalance in fine angle increments to track solar trajectory without the need for traditional complex or costly mechanisms. Two light dependent resistors (LDR) sensors, mounted onto the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel, are exposed to solar irradiance and used to feed signals to a controller. A model of the solar tracking system is developed using ordinary differential equations, and numerically solved by MATLAB/Simulink™. The power consumption and tracking strategy of the proposed tracking system are estimated under realistic operating conditions (e.g. wind and brakes), and the power consumption is compared to the power generated by the photovoltaic panels. Optimum values for the sliding mass are suggested. Two photovoltaic modules are used to calculate the output parameters of the proposed tracking mechanism.
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Jani, Kavan, Hong Zhou, and Chung Leung. "Linkage Synthesis for Solar Tracking." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86471.

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Solar trackers orient solar panels toward the Sun to increase solar energy harvesting. To enhance solar energy capture, solar trackers change solar panels’ orientation throughout the day to follow the Sun’s path and make solar panels normal to the solar ray. The current solar trackers make solar panels perpendicular to the solar ray because of the active motion control of the solar panels. However, they also consume considerable power since the motion of solar panels is usually generated by two motors simultaneously and continuously. The merits of the existing sensor-based dual-axis solar trackers are compromised by their motor power consumption. In this research, the Sun’s location relative to an arbitrary point on Earth is determined at any time on any day in any year. Because of the determined solar location and path, only one axis is needed for the proposed solar tracker since it does not rely on any sensor to determine the Sun’s location. The current single-axis solar trackers face challenges on the limited oscillation range of the solar panels and the potential interference between an oscillating solar panel and its corresponding ground. In this paper, a sensor-free single-axis solar tracking linkage is designed to surmount these challenges. The solar tracking motion of the designed linkage is simulated. The designed linkage is fabricated and tested. The motion of the fabricated linkage is controlled by a microcontroller to generate the desired intermittent solar tracking motion.
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Betai, Jay Dipak, and Hong Zhou. "Solar Tracking Using Linear Actuator." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23607.

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Abstract Solar trackers make solar panels perpendicular to solar ray to enhance solar power reaping. The relative motion between Sun and Earth has two degrees of freedom. Sun travels from east to west during daytime and also moves north and south due to Earth’s tilt. However, Sun’s daily north-south move is much smaller than its east-west move. Sensor-based solar trackers make solar panels perpendicular to solar ray based on sensor information. Although the existing sensor-based solar trackers increase solar power reaping from solar panels significantly, they also consume considerable power by driving solar trackers. Sensorless solar trackers make solar panels perpendicular to solar ray based on calculated solar location. The performance of sensorless solar trackers is not affected by bad weather. This paper is on sensorless solar trackers. Single-axis solar trackers have one degree of freedom solar tracking motion. They can catch Sun’s daily east-west movement effectively. The Sun’s small north-south movement can be covered for single-axis solar trackers by monthly or seasonal adjustment of their orientations. This research is focused on single-axis sensorless solar trackers that are driven by linear actuators. The advantages of linear actuator driven solar trackers are their self-locking function and high load carrying capacity. Their challenges include limited solar panel motion range, potential interference between an oscillating solar panel and its fixed supporting ground link, and high motor power consumption for solar tracking. The research of this paper is motivated by surmounting the challenges facing sensorless single-axis linear actuator driven solar trackers. In this research, linear actuator driven solar trackers will be designed and analyzed. The models of the designed solar trackers will be developed. The kinematic and dynamic performances of the modeled solar trackers will be analyzed and simulated. The results of this research will provide some guidelines for developing linear actuator driven solar trackers.
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Abadi, I., A. Musyafa, and A. Soeprijanto. "Design of single axis solar tracking system at photovoltaic panel using fuzzy logic controller." In 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET 2014). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.1086.

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Chua, Yaw Long, Yoon Kuang Yong, and Yit Yan Koh. "Performance comparison of single axis tracking and 40° solar panels for sunny weather." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002276.

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Lee, Kenneth K., and Jared T. Moore. "Configuration Optimization of a Photovoltaic Power Plant in Relation to Cost and Performance." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90269.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic benefits of single-axis tracking photovoltaic (PV) power plants for a variety of locations with varying solar resources. Although the photovoltaic industry has been around for decades, the industry has changed dramatically in the past few years. A confluence of overproduction of panels and an economic recession have caused a precipitous drop in panel prices. Additionally, as tracking systems have matured, they have become more acceptable — technically and economically. With all these changes, it is not clear today if and where tracking is appropriate. This paper is to gauge the difference between a tracking and non-tracking configuration of a PV plant. For the purpose of this study, a net 20 MW alternating current (AC) PV plant was assumed to be developed at three different locations: California, Colorado, and New Jersey. The same panel of a moderate efficiency was picked and was used at each site. While a panel is not usually decided before development, a panel of typical characteristics was chosen so that prospective panels’ costs and efficiency could be assessed concerning tracking using a qualitative analysis. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of each site was determined using the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis methodology. For fixed mounting structures, the tilt of the panel was optimized based on the respective weather conditions to maximize production. After the tilt was decided, an economic sensitivity study taking shading and land prices into account was used to find the most economical spacing between mounting structures. For tracking, horizontal single axis tracking was assumed, and spacing was optimized as described above. The results of the study show that the benefit of tracking increases with the strength of the solar resource. In Newark, New Jersey, tracking raised the LCOE. In Daggett, California, tracking lowered the LCOE. In Boulder Colorado, the difference in LCOE was not appreciable. The study also showed that the most economical fixed PV power plant used less land on a capacity basis at each site. However, tracking plants, regardless of location or solar resources, produced more energy (kWh) per acre of land and could be described as more efficient on a land use basis.
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Feksa Ramos, Lucas, Luciane N. Canha, Emanuel Antunes Vieira, Mauren P. C. Silva, and Carlos A. T. Carvalho Jr. "Adaptive Algorithm for Solar Tracking in Photovoltaic Power Plants." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1550.

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The diversity of the energy matrix in the world is one of the challenges demanding fornew researches with alternative energy sources to bring exibility and sustainability in their use.According with this panorama, the generation of electric energy with solar photovoltaic systemsemerges as an important goal, and its technology is constantly advancing as an immediatesolution for this quest of diversity. This paper presents a predictive control for a solar trackingalgorithm to be used in single or double axis photovoltaic systems. The main characteristicand contribution of this algorithm represents a functional technological innovation because itdoes not use any sensors to determine the position of the Sun with respect to the panel. Suchalgorithm avoids unnecessary movements in cases of shadows on the panels caused by clouds,or some animal that could interfere on systems using the conventional sensors. The proposedsolar time algorithm was tested and compared with eld values, predicting the correct Sunposition with accuracy of less than 1o. The qualitative and quantitative results presented hereevidenced the real gain of the proposed algorithm-based system without any sensors to increasethe generation gain of photovoltaic power plants.
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Borton, David N. "Distributed Industrial Scale Hybrid Solar Concentrator Photovoltaics and Thermal Energy." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90074.

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While solar photovoltaic (PV) panels have been used successfully to produce electricity for quite some time, it has been technically difficult to capture their heat because of the large area of a flat-plate photovoltaic panel. Likewise it has been difficult to manufacture solar concentrator systems that are of the same physical scale, about one square meter, as successful commercial flat-plate photovoltaic panels and incorporate them into a commercializable and easily manufactured solar energy system. This paper addresses the two problems by considering the feasibility of a single design of a one square meter plastic nonimaging solar concentrator that focuses sunlight on a heat-capturing, dense array of high-intensity photovoltaic chips. The individual one square meter modules are designed to be mounted on a 2-axis tracking system which could have a double polar-axis support for energy and cost efficiency. When coupled with an existing electronic control, these three components create a commercial-scale solar electricity device that also provides heat in quantities suitable for heating or cooling. Preliminary contacts with electric utilities and commercial/industrial businesses have found interest in procurement of the proposed technology for widespread harvesting and use of solar energy in the US and abroad.
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Reza, Nasim, and Nibir Mondol. "Design and Implementation of an Automatic Single Axis Tracking with Water-Cooling System to Improve the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Panel." In 2021 International Conference on Automation, Control and Mechatronics for Industry 4.0 (ACMI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acmi53878.2021.9528189.

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10

Najafi, Hamidreza, and Keith Woodbury. "Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Panels Using Tracking, Concentration and Cooling in Alabama Area." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91329.

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Using photovoltaic panels in the southeast Unites States has been judged less attractive than in other parts of the country owing to the humid climate and numerous cloudy days. Nowadays, use of lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight on PV cells can multiply the direct incident sunlight on the cells leading to higher power output and better conversion efficiency. In the present paper, the annual performance of a photovoltaic panel located in Alabama is investigated. A computer simulation via MATLAB is carried out by using typical meteorological data for Alabama in order to accurately model the behavior of the system. The effect of using fixed optimal tilt and single-or double-axis tracking methods on incident solar irradiation on the PV panel is presented. The power generated by the system under different levels of concentration during the year is discussed and the effect of cooling is also investigated. Comparison graphs are presented in order to demonstrate the effect of tracking, concentration and cooling on the output power and conversion efficiency of the PV panel. The result of this paper can be utilized to select the most appropriate system regarding the application and available funding of the project in Alabama area.
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