Relevant bibliographies by topics / Single chain variable fragments (ScFv)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Single chain variable fragments (ScFv)'

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Published: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Single chain variable fragments (ScFv)"

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Pasman, Yfke, Eva Nagy, and Azad K. Kaushik. "Enhanced Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Neutralization by Multimerized Single-Chain Variable Antibody Fragments Regardless of Differential Glycosylation." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 8 (June 13, 2012): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00130-12.

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ABSTRACTSingle-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs) with a 2-amino-acid linker capable of multimerization as di-, tri-, or tetrabodies that neutralize bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1)in vitrowere constructed and expressed inPichia pastoris. In contrast to the monomeric form, multimeric scFvs had a higher virus neutralization potency, as evidenced by a 2-fold increase in their ability to neutralize BoHV-1 due to avidity effects. Mass spectrum (quadrupole time of flight [Q-TOF]) analyses of multimeric scFv demonstrated extensive heterogeneity due to differential cleavage, variable glycosylation (1 to 9 mannose residues), and the incorporation of minor unidentified adducts. Regardless of the differential glycosylation patterns, the scFvs recognized non-gB or -gE target viral epitopes in the BoHV-1 envelope fraction in a Western blot and also neutralized BoHV-1 in infected Madin-Darby kidney (MDBK) cellsin vitro. Indirect evidence for the noncovalent multimerization of scFv was the presence of a major peak of multimerized scFv without a His tag (due to differential cleavage) in the Q-TOF profile, unlike monomeric scFv, which copurified with normally His-tagged scFv and recognized the target antigen. Overall, differentially glycosylated recombinant scFvs against BoHV-1 with a short linker (2 amino acids) are capable of assembly into functional multimers that confer high avidity, resulting in increased virus neutralizationin vitrocompared to that of monovalent scFv with a long (18-amino-acid) flexible linker. Overall, recombinant multimerized scFv5-2L potentially provides a high-potency therapeutic and immunodiagnostic reagent against BoHV-1, which is suitable for passive immunization and topical application.
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Škerlová, Jana, Vlastimil Král, Milan Fábry, Juraj Sedláček, Václav Veverka, and Pavlína Řezáčová. "Optimization of the crystallizability of a single-chain antibody fragment." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 12 (November 14, 2014): 1701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x1402247x.

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Single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs) are molecules with immense therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Knowledge of their three-dimensional structure is important for understanding their antigen-binding mode as well as for protein-engineering approaches such as antibody humanization. A major obstacle to the crystallization of single-chain variable antibody fragments is their relatively poor homogeneity caused by spontaneous oligomerization. A new approach to optimization of the crystallizability of single-chain variable antibody fragments is demonstrated using a representative single-chain variable fragment derived from the anti-CD3 antibody MEM-57. A Thermofluor-based assay was utilized to screen for optimal conditions for antibody-fragment stability and homogeneity. Such an optimization of the protein storage buffer led to a significantly improved ability of the scFv MEM-57 to yield crystals.
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Gallo, Eugenio, Sophia Wienbar, Avin C. Snyder, Kalin V. Vasilev, Bruce A. Armitage, and Jonathan W. Jarvik. "A Single-Chain-Variable-Fragment Fluorescence Biosensor Activates Fluorogens from Dissimilar Chemical Families." Protein & Peptide Letters 21, no. 12 (November 5, 2014): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866521666140616121800.

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Current advancements in biological protein discovery utilize bi-partite methods of fluorescence detection where chromophore and scaffold are uncoupled. One such technology, called fluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs), consists of single-chain-variable-fragments (scFvs) selected against small organic molecules (fluorogens) that are non-fluorescent in solution, but highly fluorescent when bound to the scFv. In unusual circumstances a scFv may activate similar fluorogens from a single chemical family. In this report we identified a scFv biosensor with fluorescence activity against multiple fluorogens from two structurally dissimilar families. In-vitro analysis revealed highly selective scFv-ligand interactions at sub-micromolar ranges. Additionally, each scFv-fluorogen complex possesses unique excitation and emission spectra, which allows broader detection limits from the biosensor. Further analysis indicated that ligand activation, regardless of chemical family, occurs at a common scFv binding region that proves flexible, yet selective for fluorogen binding. As a protein reporter at the surface of mammalian cells, the scFv revealed bright signal detection and minimal background. Additionally, when tagged to a G-protein-coupled receptor, we observed agonist dependent signaling leading to protein traffic from cell surface to endosomes via multi-color fluorescence tracking. In summary, this report unveils a noncanonical scFv biosensor with properties of high ligand affinity and multi-channel fluorescence detection, which consequently offers expanded opportunities for cellular protein discovery.
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Kubelkova, Klara, and Ales Macela. "Development of tularemic scFv antibody fragments using phage display." Open Life Sciences 5, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0015-3.

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AbstractPolyclonal antibodies, as well as monoclonal antibodies are efficacious in providing protective immunity against Francisella tularensis. This study demonstrates the application of phage display libraries for the construction of monoclonal antibodies against F. tularensis. Novel single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies were generated against a whole bacterial lysate of F. tularensis live vaccine strain using the human single fold scFv libraries I (Tomlinson I + J). A total of 20 clones reacted with the bacterial cell lysate. Further, the library contains two clones responsive to recombinant lipoprotein FTT1103Δsignal (F. tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4), which was constructed without a signal sequence. These positively-binding scFvs were evaluated by scFv-phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, positive scFvs were expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli HB2151 and tested for positive scFvs by using scFv-ELISA.
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Brettschneider, Kerstin, Anja Naumann, Sonja Neimanis, Joerg Kahle, Christine Heller, Thomas Klingebiel, Dirk Schwabe, and Christoph Koenigs. "Functional Analysis of Phage Display Selected Single-Chain Variable Antibody Fragments (scFvs) Specific for Anti-FVIII Antibodies." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1499.1499.

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Abstract The development of inhibitory antibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is currently the most serious complication for hemophilia A patients that undergo FVIII replacement therapy. In addition, non-hemophilia A patients can spontaneously develop inhibitory auto-antibodies to FVIII, which results in acquired haemophilia A. The control of the allo- or autoimmune response to FVIII apparently includes the elicitation of anti-idiotypic antibodies. In this study the capacity of anti-idiotypic single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs) for neutralization of inhibitory anti-FVIII antibodies (FVIII inhibitors) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Anti-idiotypic scFvs were selected from phage-displayed libraries against murine monoclonal FVIII-specific inhibitors. As the majority of inhibitory antibodies is directed against the A2 or C2 domain of FVIII, strongly inhibitory A2- and C2-specific antibodies served as targets. Selected scFvs were expressed as scFv-Fc fusion proteins. Analysis of the scFv-Fcs by ELISA confirmed the specific binding to the cognate targets and binding studies via surface plasmon resonance revealed high affinities within the nanomolar range. Further characterization showed that binding of inhibitors to immobilized FVIII was blocked by specific scFv-Fcs in vitro. The ability of scFv-Fcs to neutralize their corresponding inhibitors was analyzed in a functional clotting assay. By adding scFv-Fcs to plasma spiked with inhibitors, FVIII activity was restored to 80% in a concentration dependent manner. FVIII knockout mice served as model organism for testing the capacity of scFv-Fcs to restore coagulation in vivo. Subsequent injection of FVIII following the injection of the inhibitors resulted in a largely reduced FVIII activity. However, FVIII activity was recovered in a concentration dependent manner by adding cognate anti-idiotypes. The scFv-Fcs were either preincubated with the corresponding inhibitor or added to the FVIII mixture without preincubation. The latter represents an adaption to a therapeutic setting. In conclusion, phage display selected anti-idiotypic scFvs are able to bind and effectively neutralize their target inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Based on these promising results the potential of anti-idiotypic scFvs for the development of specific cell based immunotherapies for hemophilia A patients with inhibitors is currently under investigation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Naumann, A., A. K. Scherger, J. Neuwirth, A. Orlowski, J. Kahle, D. Schwabe, and C. Königs. "Selection and characterisation of FVIII-specific single chain variable fragments." Hämostaseologie 33, S 01 (2013): S39—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619801.

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SummaryThe development of inhibitory anti-FVIII antibodies is currently the most severe complication in the treatment of haemophilia A patients. Inhibitor eradication can be achieved by immune tolerance induction (ITI). Recent findings suggest a correlation between the FVIII-specific IgG subclass distribution and the duration or outcome of ITI. To quantify FVIII-specific IgG subclasses in patients’ plasma FVIII-specific IgG standards are required. Here, the isolation of FVIII-specific single chain variable fragments (scFvs) from synthetic phage display libraries and the characterisation of their FVIII domain specificity are described. The isolated scFv 1G10, which binds to the FVIII A2 domain, was cloned into the context of the four human IgG (hIgG) subclasses and expressed in mammalian cells. Purified 1G10-hIgG1, -hIgG2, -hIgG3 and -hIgG4 are used as standards to determine the absolute amounts and relative contribution of the different FVIII-specific IgG subclasses in future studies. The results from these studies will eventually add to understanding the role of the FVIII-specific IgG subclass distribution as prognostic factor for the outcome of ITI.
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Pasman, Yfke, Eva Nagy, and Azad Kaushik. "Construction of multimerized scFv that neutralize Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (52.12)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 52.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.52.12.

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Abstract Our laboratory earlier constructed functional antibody fragments, scFv (single chain fragment variable), with an 18 amino acid linker, against bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) (Koti et al. 2010. Molec. Immunol. in press). With an objective to enhance scFv avidity, the scFv in Vl-linker-VH configuration was constructed with a short flexible amino acid linker. An overlap PCR product comprising Vl-linker-VH was cloned into pPICZα vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris, under the influence of inducible AOX1 promoter. Affinity purified scFvs were analyzed by Western blot and mass spectrometry that confirmed the expected molecular weight of the scFv. Further, the multimerized scFvs, both purified and unpurified, neutralized BoHV-1 infection of MDBK cells in vitro. Taken together with previous studies, the scFvs with varying linker size are capable of effectively neutralizing BoHV-1. The scFv against BoHV-1 will provide protection at respriratory mucosal surfaces and prevent infection. In conclusion, scFvs both in multimerized and non-multimerized form provide a useful diagnostic and therapeutic agent against an important cattle pathogen. (Supported by NSERC Canada)
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Susi, Petri, Angelika Ziegler, and Lesley Torrance. "Selection of Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibodies to Black Currant Reversion Associated Virus from a Synthetic Phage Display Library." Phytopathology® 88, no. 3 (March 1998): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.3.230.

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Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies that bind to black currant reversion associated virus (BRAV) were obtained from a synthetic phage display antibody gene library without recourse to animal immunizations. Several different BRAV-specific phage scFv were obtained quickly, after only three rounds of selection against immobilized virus antigen. The phage scFv gave enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) absorbance values that were greater than seven times the control healthy plant extracts. In contrast, comparative tests using a rabbit antiserum failed, because unacceptably high background values were obtained with healthy plant extracts. Two of the scFv were subcloned into the pDAP2 vector for the rapid and efficient production of scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins. Functional fusion proteins were obtained after expression in Escherichia coli, and preparations from periplasmic extracts detected BRAV in ELISA. The results demonstrate that antibody fragments obtained from a synthetic phage display library are useful research tools, and they proved to be a viable practical alternative when traditional antisera failed to detect BRAV, a weak immunogen. Furthermore, the genetic fusion of antibody fragments to alkaline phosphatase obviates the need for further chemical coupling procedures, and the fusion proteins can be obtained cheaply.
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di Tommaso, Anne, Matthieu O. Juste, Zineb Lakhrif, Marie-Noëlle Mévélec, Coraline Borowczyk, Pierre Hammeni, Guillaume Désoubeaux, et al. "Engineering and Functional Evaluation of Neutralizing Antibody Fragments Against Congenital Toxoplasmosis." Journal of Infectious Diseases 224, no. 4 (August 7, 2021): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab141.

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Abstract Maternal-fetal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites acquired during pregnancy has potentially dramatic consequences for the fetus. Current reference-standard treatments are not specific to the parasite and can induce severe side effects. In order to provide treatments with a higher specificity against toxoplasmosis, we developed antibody fragments—single-chain fragment variable (scFv) and scFv fused with mouse immunoglobulin G2a crystallizable fragment (scFv-Fc)—directed against the major surface protein SAG1. After validating their capacity to inhibit T. gondii proliferation in vitro, the antibody fragments’ biological activity was assessed in vivo using a congenital toxoplasmosis mouse model. Dams were treated by systemic administration of antibody fragments and with prevention of maternal-fetal transmission being used as the parameter of efficacy. We observed that both antibody fragments prevented T. gondii dissemination and protected neonates, with the scFv-Fc format having better efficacy. These data provide a proof of concept for the use of antibody fragments as effective and specific treatment against congenital toxoplasmosis and provide promising leads.
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Westlund, Karin N., Marena A. Montera, Aleyah E. Goins, Sascha R. A. Alles, Nikita Suri, Sabrina L. McIlwrath, Robyn Bartel, Ravi V. Durvasula, and Adinarayana Kunamneni. "Single-Dose P2 X4R Single-Chain Fragment Variable Antibody Permanently Reverses Chronic Pain in Male Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 13612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413612.

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Non-opioid single-chain variable fragment (scFv) small antibodies were generated as pain-reducing block of P2X4R receptor (P2X4R). A panel of scFvs targeting an extracellular peptide sequence of P2X4R was generated followed by cell-free ribosome display for recombinant antibody selection. After three rounds of bio-panning, a panel of recombinant antibodies was isolated and characterized by ELISA, cross-reactivity analysis, and immunoblotting/immunostaining. Generated scFv antibodies feature binding activity similar to monoclonal antibodies but with stronger affinity and increased tissue penetrability due to their ~30% smaller size. Two anti-P2X4R scFv clones (95, 12) with high specificity and affinity binding were selected for in vivo testing in male and female mice with trigeminal nerve chronic neuropathic pain (FRICT-ION model) persisting for several months in untreated BALBc mice. A single dose of P2X4R scFv (4 mg/kg, i.p.) successfully, completely, and permanently reversed chronic neuropathic pain-like measures in male mice only, providing retention of baseline behaviors indefinitely. Untreated mice retained hypersensitivity, and developed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors within 5 weeks. In vitro P2X4R scFv 95 treatment significantly increased the rheobase of larger-diameter (>25 µm) trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons from FRICT-ION mice compared to controls. The data support use of engineered scFv antibodies as non-opioid biotherapeutic interventions for chronic pain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Single chain variable fragments (ScFv)"

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Lim, Wai Yen Alfred. "Directed evolution of human single-chain variable fragments (scFv) by somatic hypermutation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707919.

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Bosompem, Amma N. "Isolation of an anti-CD20 single chain variable fragment from a naïve human phage-scFv library." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202410076/.

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Sedkaoui, Melissa. "Single-chain variable fragments and molecularly imprinted polymers directed against endothelin receptors – type B for cancer cells targeting." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2636.

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Les récepteurs aux endothélines sont des récepteurs couples aux protéines G desquels deux variants existent, type A (ETAR) et type B (ETBR). Ils sont principalement décrits pour leur rôle physiologique de régulation du flux sanguin dans tous les types de vaisseaux via les mécanismes de vasoconstriction et de dilatation, respectivement. Cependant, les récepteurs aux endothélines sont impliqués dans plusieurs désordres physiologiques dont le cancer ou l’expression de l’un ou des deux récepteurs aux endothélines est dérégulée. Nous avons développé deux stratégies complémentaires pour le ciblage des récepteurs ETB, visant à inhiber son action quand il est surexprimé : la sélection de single-chain variable fragment (scFv) à partir d’une banque large et naïve par la technologie du phage-display, et la synthèse sur mesure, assistée par une matrice de polymères à empreintes moléculaires (MIP) comme « anticorps en plastique ». La sélection de scFv a été réalisée par biopanning sur cellules transfectées entières afin de maintenir la conformation native de ETBR. Phage-scFv qui se lient uniquement à la cible et ceux qui sont internalisés suite à l’interaction scFv- récepteur ont été isolés séparément. Après confirmation de la reconnaissance des cellules CHO-ETBR par rapport aux cellules CHO-WT par les phages-scFv polyclonaux en utilisant un test ELISA et la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), nous avons sélectionné au total 17 clones qui ont montré une capacité de liaison augmentée par phage-ELISA monoclonal sur cellules transfectées entières, mais également sur UACC-257, une lignée cellulaire de mélanome avec une surexpression de ETBR. Des résultats préliminaires obtenus par cryométrie en flux ont montré une reconnaissance augmentée de CHO-ETBR par l’un des clones sélectionnés. La viabilité cellulaire a été affectée par certains de ces clones. Des MIP nanoparticules ont été synthétisées en utilisant un peptide synthétique comme molécule matrice qui mime un « épitope » de ETBR. Nous avons réalisé la synthèse sur une phase solide afin d’obtenir une exposition orientée de la matrice, résultant en la production de MIP avec des cavités homogènes. Les particules MIP d’une taille de l’ordre du nanomètre ont été obtenus et ont par la suite été testés pour leur capacité à reconnaitre le récepteur entier exprimé sur la surface cellulaire par imagerie cellulaire. Des nano-MIP fluorescents ont montré une reconnaissance sélective des cellules transfectées par rapport à leurs homologues non transfectées
Endothelin receptors are G-protein coupled receptors of which two variants exist, type A (ETAR) and type B (ETBR). They are mainly described for their physiological role of regulating the blood flow in all vessel types via vasoconstriction and vasodilatation mechanisms, respectively. However, endothelin receptors are involved in several physiological disorders including cancer in which the expression of one or both endothelin receptors are deregulated.We have developed two complementary strategies for targeting ETB receptors, aiming to inhibit its action when it is overexpressed: selection of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from a large naive library by phage-display technology as « biologic antibodies », and tailor-made template-assisted synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) as « plastic antibodies ». The selection of scFv was performed by biopanning on whole transfected cells in order to maintain the native conformation of ETBR. Phage-scFv that only bind to the target and the ones that are internalized subsequently to scFv-receptor interaction were isolatedseparately. After confirming the recognition of CHO-ETBR cells over CHO-WT cells by polyclonal phage-scFv using an ELISA assay and Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M), we have selected in total 17 clones that showed increased binding ability by monoclonal phage-ELISA on whole transfected cells but also to UACC-257, a melanoma cell line with an overexpression of ETBR. Preliminary results obtained by flow cytometry showed an enhanced recognition of CHO-ETBR by one of the selected clones. Cell viability was shown to be affected by some of these clones. MIP nanoparticles were synthesized using a synthetic peptide as template molecule that mimics an « epitope » of ETBR. We performed the synthesis on a solid phase in order to obtain an oriented exposition of the template resulting in the production of MIPs with homogenous cavities. MIP particles of a size in the nanometer range were obtained and were subsequently tested for their ability to recognize the whole receptor expressed oncell surface by cell imaging. Fluorescent nano-MIPs were shown to recognize selectively transfected cells with regard to their non-transfected counterparts
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Ribeiro, Vanessa da Silva. "Seleção, caracterização e aplicação de anticorpos scFv (single chain variable fragment) na captura de antígenos para o sorodiagnóstico da neurocisticercose humana." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/16574.

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Human neurocysticercosis (NC) is an important but neglected cause of epilepsy in developing countries where the parasite occurs. Expression of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies on the surface of bacteriophage is widely used to prepare antibodies with pre-defined specificities. A phage antibody library was selected against peptides displayed on phages coupled to beads and total saline extract of Taenia solium metacestodes immobilized on microtiter plate wells. After two rounds of selection 96 phage clones of each panning were selected, tested for scFv expression and specificity to each target. Specific clones were further analyzed by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), Dot-blot, sequencing and immunofluorescence. After selection, three clones were used for antigen capture to characterize its targets for future immunodiagnostic assays development. Total saline extract was fractionated on ion exchange resin diethylaminoethyl (DEAE), and fractions were tested by ELISA to detect sera IgG from: NC, other parasites and health controls (40 each). The fractions with best diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, area under curve and likelihood ratio, calculated by TG-ROC) were selected and subjected to antigen capture using each purified scFv clone. Each captured fraction was tested by ELISA to detect IgG in 30 serum samples from each group. In immunofluorescence tests, no fluorescence was observed in negative controls, and all clones showed a non-uniform staining profile, and their targets were elucidated through mass spectrometry. After ion exchange fractionation and ELISA tests, DEAE S2 fraction showed to be the best one and was used to capture new antigens. DEAE S2 showed 93.3% specificity. Among all clones, A4 and B6 captured antigens from saline extract and DEAE S2 fraction, respectively, with the best diagnostic parameters. In conclusion, antibody phage display technology is a potential approach for the study of antigen-antibody interactions, which can be used to further elucidate the biology of interaction on neurocysticercosis and to capture new antigens with potential applications in NC diagnosis and therapeutics.
A neurocistocercose humana (NC) é uma doença muito importante, porém negligenciada e é a maior causa de epilepsia em países em desenvolvimento onde a parasitose ocorre. A expressão de fragmentos de cadeia única das regiões variáveis de anticorpo (scFv) na superfície de bacteriófagos é amplamente utilizada para obter anticorpos com especificidades pré-definidas. Uma biblioteca de anticorpos foi utilizada para a seleção de clones específicos à peptídeos expostos em fagos acoplados a beads e ao extrato salino total de Taenia solium (S) imobilizado em placas de microtitulação. Após dois ciclos de seleção, 96 clones de anticorpos foram selecionados contra cada alvo, testados para expressão do scFv e especificidade pelo alvo. Aqueles clones que se mostraram específicos foram melhor analisados por ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), Dot blot, sequenciamento e imunofluorescência. Três clones foram selecionados para serem utilizados na captura antigênica e caracterização do antígeno verdadeiro e para captura de novos antígenos com potencial aplicação em testes diagnósticos. O extrato S foi fracionado em resina de troca iônica diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) para obter frações que foram posteriormente testadas por ELISA para detectar IgG em amostras de soro de pacientes: com NC, outras parasitoses e saudáveis, 40 amostras cada grupo. A fração com melhores parâmetros diagnósticos (sensibilidade, especificidade, área sob a curva e likelihood ratio, calculadas por TG-ROC) foi selecionada e sujeita à captura antigênica usando cada clone de scFv purificado. Cada fração capturada foi testada por ELISA para detectar IgG em 30 amostras de soro de cada grupo. Nos testes de imunofluorescência, nenhuma fluorescência foi observada com os controles negativos e todos os clones mostraram um padrão de marcação não uniforme, seus antígenos alvo foram elucidados por espectrometria de massas. Após fracionamento por troca iônica e ELISA, a fração DEAE S2 se mostrou a melhor e foi utilizada para a captura de novos antígenos. A fração DEAE S2 mostrou especificidade de 93,3%. Dentre todos os clones, o A4 e o B6 capturaram antígenos do extrato S e fração DEAE S2, respectivamente, com os melhores parâmetros diagnósticos. Em conclusão a tecnologia de exposição de anticorpos em fagos é uma técnica potencial para o estudo de interações antígeno-anticorpo utilizadas para melhor elucidar a a biologia da interação na NC e para capturar novos antígenos potencialmente aplicáveis para o diagnóstico da NC.
Doutor em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas
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Pilger, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Construction of an equine antibody library in the single-chain-Fragment-variable format (scFv) to express equine immunoglobulins / Franziska Pilger." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230824510/34.

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Zahid, Muhammad. "Design and Optimization of Recombinant Antibodies Directed Against Platelet Glycoprotein VI with Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potentials." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922980.

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Human platelets glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is evidenced to be a platelet receptor of major importance in the occurrence of arterial thrombosis. Thus, it can be considered to be of great interest in diagnosis and therapeutic of atheriosclerotic diseases. Antibodies are powerful molecules which can be used in both diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes due to their unique characteristics. Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies have antigen restricted specificity, high affinity and can be used in various assays. Moreover, the good knowledge of their structure and molecular engineering facilities now allows the antibody modulation according to desired properties.Our group has already produced several monoclonal antibodies to human GPVI by gene gun immunization against the immunoadhesin hGPVI-Fc, which differ in fine epitopespecificity, affinity and other functional properties (Lecut et al. 2003). One, 3J24, with diagnostic potential while the other, 9O12, has a therapeutic potential because it blocks the binding of GPVI to collagen. Its Fab fragment has been extensively characterized in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo for its antithrombotic properties.Here, we designed and reshaped a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) based on 3J24variable domains for the quantification of GPVI with diagnostic potential. We were also involved in the design, production and functional evaluation of humanized anti-GPVI recombinant antibody fragments (scFvs and Fabs) with therapeutic properties.
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Koopman, Tammy L. "Production of Porcine Single Chain Variable Fragment (SCFV) selected against a recombinant fragment of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus non structural protein 2." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13189.

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Master of Science
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Richard 'Dick' Hesse
Carol Wyatt
Over the last two decades molecular laboratory techniques have enabled researchers to investigate the infection, replication and pathogenesis of viral disease. In the early eighties, Dr. George Smith developed a unique system of molecular selection. He showed that the fd bacteriophage genome could be manipulated to carry a sequence of DNA coding for a protein not contained in the phage genome. Infection of the recombinant bacteriophage or phagemid into a specific strain of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, produced progeny phage with the coded protein displayed as a fusion with the phage's coat protein. Antibody phage display utilizes the same technology with the DNA encoding an antibody fragment. The DNA insert can carry the information to produce either a single chain variable fragment (scFv) producing the heavy chain variable and light chain variable (VH-VL) portion or a Fab fragment which also contains the heavy chain constant 1 with the light chain constant (CH and CL) portion of an antibody. Screening an antibody phage display library has the possibility of producing an antibody not produced in the normal course of immune selection. This decade also saw the emergence of a viral disease affecting the porcine population. The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been one of the most costly diseases affecting the pig producer. Molecular investigations found that PRRSV is a single, positive-stranded RNA virus which codes for five structural and 12-13 nonstructural proteins producing an enveloped, icosahedral virus. An interesting characteristic of PRRSV is the ability to produce infective progeny with genomic deletions, insertions and mutations within the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2). With this knowledge, many researchers have produced marker vaccines containing fluorescent tags with the hope of developing a DIVA (Differentiate Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccine. In my Master‟s studies, I studied the techniques of antibody phage display technology and how to apply these methods to producing scFvs which recognize a recombinant PRRSV nsp2 fragment protein and the native protein during infection of MARC-145 cells.
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Gärdefors, Katarina. "Development and characterization of Mantle Cell Lymphoma specific IgGs." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15255.

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Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is one of several sub-types of B-cell lymphomas. The malignancy is very aggressive and average survival time is short. The hallmark of MCL is over expression of cyclin D1, however about 15% of all MCL cases do not display this over expression and are easily misdiagnosed. Recently the transcription factor Sox11 has been shown to be specifically over expressed in the nucleus of MCL-tumour cells, and polyclonal rabbit anti-Sox11 antibodies have been used to successfully identify MCL in both cyclin D1 positive and negative cases. Howev-er, human recombinant MCL-specific antibodies as have several advantages over these polyclonal rabbit antibodies; they can easily be produced in large quantities in vitro, their specificity is constant from batch to batch and they can possibly be used for therapeutic purposes. Because of this, it is desirable to produce human recombinant antibodies against proteins over expressed in MCL. In this study human recombinant IgGs have been produced towards two pro-teins over expressed in MCL, Sox11 and KIAA0882. This was done by cloning of single chain variable fragments (scFvs), previously selected from a large scFv library through phage display selection against Sox11- and KIAA0882-protein epitope signature tag (PrEST), into vectors containing human IgG constant regions followed by expression of human IgG antibodies in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. One IgG clone for each antigen was shown to be functional and specific. Both clones were shown to have overlapping binding epitopes with their polyclonal rabbit antibody counterpart (rabbit anti-Sox11/KIAA0882) through competitive ELISA. The anti-Sox11 IgG was able to detect two bands in cell lysate in Western blot, of which one probably is Sox11 while the other band possibly could be Sox4. However, this needs to be confirmed in future experiments. The affinity of the anti-Sox11 IgG was measured in Biacore and compared to the affinity of its original scFv. This gave a rough estimation of the affinities, but the values are unreliable and the measurements need to be redone. Although more work has to be put into evaluating the potential of the produced IgGs, they compose a promising starting point to an improved understanding and improved diagnosis of MCL.

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Ndlovu, Siphumelele. "The isolation of single chain variable region fragments (scFvs) from a phage display library, and expression of the isolated scFvs in Nicotiana benthamiana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32303.

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important tool for both therapeutic and nontherapeutic applications. Their increased demand is due to their ability to recognize and bind specifically to a wide range of antigens. In addition to full-size antibodies, one can also utilise smaller antibody fragments, single chain variable region fragments (scFvs), which like full-size mAbs, are also capable of specific antigen-binding. The constant and rapidly expanding use of antibodies and their derivatives presents a need for a fast and effective method of production. Traditionally, antibodies have been produced using hybridoma technology. They have also been successfully produced in other expression hosts such as bacteria, yeasts, insect cells and mammalian cell lines. However, these expression systems come with a few disadvantages, some of which include high maintenance costs as well as lengthy and laborious production protocols. This dissertation describes the use of phage display technology to screen for and identify scFvs that bind to three different test antigens. Phage display library technology involving the expression and presentation of antibody or antibody derivatives on the coat surfaces of phage particles. It is considered to be a preferable alternative to hybridoma technology because it eliminates the requirement for immunization of animals, making it a more rapid and animal-friendly method for the production of antibodies compared to that of hybridoma technology. A naïve mouse scFv phage display library was screened with appropriate antigens to isolate scFvs which bind to rabbit IgG, human IgG and the Shuni virus (SHUV) N protein. Isolated scFvs were sequenced, cloned and tested for binding to their cognate antigens using phage ELISA, phage dot blots and phage western blots. ScFvs displaying the highest affinities for their respective antigens were selected for cloning and expression in plants, as this expression system is scalable, cheaper, safe and facilitates posttranslational modifications to recombinant proteins such as glycosylation. Rabbit IgG and human IgG scFvs were isolated successfully from the mouse scFv phage library, however, successful binding of the scFvs to the respective antigens by western blotting and ELISAs was not demonstrated. On further investigation, it appeared that the protocols were flawed, as the secondary anti-mouse AP conjugate, iv used in the western blots and ELISAs was found to cross-react with both rabbit and human IgG. Since we were not able to pinpoint scFvs with high binding affinity, the mouse phage display library was screened for scFvs that bound to SHUV N protein instead. This was more successful in that several scFvs with high binding affinity were isolated. Three scFvs with the highest binding affinity for the SHUV N protein were selected and their nucleotide sequences determined. Due to time constraints only 2 of the identified scFvs were selected for further cloning and expression in plants. Both scFvs were cloned into the pTRA-HRPB2SEKDEL plant expression vector that contains the gene sequence for a his6x tag to assist with downstream purification as well as a horse radish peroxidase (HRP) gene. Cloning scFvs into this vector allows their fusion to HRP, resulting in the production of potential reagents for use as secondary antibodies in western blots and ELISAs. The cloned scFvs were expressed transiently in tobacco plants using Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration. Plant expression of the HRP-fused scFvs was optimized; both were optimally expressed at 5 days post infiltration (dpi) when co-expressed with a silencing suppressor (pBIN-NSs). Extraction of the scFvs from the plants was most effective when a bicine buffer with a pH of 8.4 was used. Partial purification of the scFvs was achieved by isoelectric and ammonium sulphate precipitation. Preliminary tests were done to test functionality of the partially purified scFvs, in which the ability of the scFvs to recognize and bind to the SHUV N protein in a dot blot was tested. However, both were found to be non-functional in this regard. Further investigation into the reason for the demonstration of non-functionality showed that the HRP was being spontaneously cleaved from the scFv. This study demonstrates that it is possible to isolate antigen-specific scFvs from a phage display library. However, their binding capacity needs to be analysed fully prior to incorporating them into fusion proteins which can be used as potential diagnostic reagents.
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Chaaya, Nancy. "Anticorps catalytiques et répertoires immuns murins : analyse génétique, biochimique et bio-informatique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2495.

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A la fin des années 80, des anticorps catalytiques ont été découverts dans le sérum de patients, en particulier de patients atteints de maladies auto-immunes. Certains anticorps catalytiques ont un effet bénéfique sur la santé, tandis que d'autres sont délétères. Afin de comprendre le lien existant entre anticorps catalytiques et pathologies auto-immunes, des travaux antérieurs ont mené à la synthèse de quatre banques de fragments d’anticorps (scFv) exposés en surface de phages, représentant différents fonds génétiques et états immunologiques. Les scFv, constitues des régions variables des chaines lourdes (H) et légères (L) des anticorps, sont codes par différents segments de gènes d'immunoglobuline : V-D- J pour la chaine lourde, V et J pour la chaine légère. Dans l'objectif de récolter des informations sur l’immunogénétique des anticorps catalytiques, la distribution des sous-groupes de gènes au sein de chaque répertoire a été étudiée, en se basant sur l’étude de plus de 300 000 séquences. L'analyse des données NGS a montré une expression différentielle des sous-groupes de gènes selon la banque d’origine, suggérant que le fond génétique et / ou l'état immunologique influencent l'expression du sous-groupe de gènes d'immunoglobuline. La présence d'anticorps potentiellement catalytiques à activité β-lactamase a ensuite été étudiée dans les quatre banques par une approche in silico de modélisation tridimensionnelle. Les résultats suggèrent que certaines banques expriment potentiellement plus d'anticorps catalytiques que d'autres. Enfin, dans le but de valider cette approche in silico, une approche in vitro a été initiée. Cinq scFv exposés à la surface des phages ont été sélectionnés lors d'un travail précèdent par un processus itératif sur la base de leur activité catalytique. Chacun possède une structure primaire et tertiaire unique. L’un d’entre eux, le scFv P90C2, a été cloné et exprimé dans des bactéries E. coli BL21 (DE3) sous forme de corps d'inclusion, puis solubilise et enfin renaturé. Bien que le scFv P90C2 soluble conserve son activité de reconnaissance, son pouvoir catalytique est complètement perdu. L’influence de différents paramètres sur la fonctionnalité du scFv a été évaluée : (i) optimisation des conditions du protocole de renaturation, (ii) choix des codons à l’origine de la séquence peptidique du scFv, et enfin (iii) influence de la protéine de fusion pIII
In the late 80s, catalytic antibodies have been discovered in the serum of patients, especially patients with auto-immune diseases. Some of the catalytic antibodies appear to have a beneficial effect on health while others are deleterious. In order to understand the link between catalytic antibodies and immune system pathologies, previous work leaded to 4 single chain Fragment variable (scFv) libraries exposed on phage surface, representing different genetic backgrounds and immunological states. The scFvs, composed with the variable regions of the heavy (H) and light (L) chains, are encoded by immunoglobulin gene subgroups V(H), D(H), J(H), V(L) and J(L). With the objective to decipher the potential origin of catalytic antibodies, a statistical representation of each subgroup within each repertoire has been done, based on more than 300 000 sequences. The NGS data analysis showed a variable expression of some gene subgroups (comprising “rare” ones) between the 4 libraries showing that the genetic background and/or the immunological state influence immunoglobulin gene subgroup expression. Then, we investigated the presence of antibodies with potent active sites in the libraries by molecular modelling. Libraries express more putative catalytic antibodies than others depending on the genetic background and the immunological state profile. Finally, in the objective to validate this in silico approach, an in vitro approach was considered. 5 scFvs exposed on phage surface have thus been selected during a previous work by iterative process on the basis of their catalytic activity: β-lactamase like activity. Each of them displays a unique primary and tertiary structure. The scFvs exposed on the phage surface must be catalytically active while expressed in soluble form too. One of the selected scFvs, P90C2, was optimized and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria in the form of inclusion bodies and then solubilized and refolded. Although soluble P90C2 fully retained its binding activity, its catalytic potency was completely lost. Further experiments aimed to i) optimize refolding protocol, ii) study the impact of scFv codon-optimization, and iii) show the influence of the pIII fusion protein on the scFv catalytic activity
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Book chapters on the topic "Single chain variable fragments (ScFv)"

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Montoliu-Gaya, Laia, and Sandra Villegas. "Production of Therapeutic Single-Chain Variable Fragments (ScFv) in Pichia pastoris." In Therapeutic Antibodies, 151–67. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1450-1_8.

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Diesterbeck, Ulrike S. "Construction of Bovine Immunoglobulin Libraries in the Single-Chain Fragment Variable (scFv) Format." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 113–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7447-4_6.

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Singh, Pawan Kumar, Ranu Agrawal, D. V. Kamboj, and Lokendra Singh. "Construction of Recombinant Single Chain Variable Fragment (ScFv) Antibody Against Superantigen for Immunodetection Using Antibody Phage Display Technology." In Superantigens, 207–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_17.

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Hammerberg, Bruce, and Sitka Eguiluz-Hernandez. "Therapeutic anti-IgE monoclonal antibody single chain variable fragment (scFv) safety and immunomodulatory effects after one time injection in four dogs." In Advances in Veterinary Dermatology, 55–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119278368.ch3.2.

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Toleikis, Lars, and André Frenzel. "Cloning Single-Chain Antibody Fragments (ScFv) from Hyrbidoma Cells." In Antibody Engineering, 59–71. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_3.

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Olafsen, Tove, Vania E. Kenanova, and Anna M. Wu. "Generation of Single-Chain Fv Fragments and Multivalent Derivatives scFv-Fc and scFv-CH3 (Minibodies)." In Antibody Engineering, 69–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01147-4_6.

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Chabannon, Christian, and Chiara Bonini. "Structure of and Signalling Through Chimeric Antigen Receptor." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 3–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_1.

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AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a synthetic transmembrane protein expressed at the surface of immune effector cells (IECs) that are reprogrammed either in vitro or in vivo (June et al. 2018; June and Sadelain 2018). Techniques for genetic engineering of autologous or allogeneic IECs are described in the next chapter. The synthetic CAR incorporates several functional domains. The extracellular domain is composed of a single chain variable fragment (ScFV) of immunoglobulin and recognizes the “tumour” antigen. The clinical relevance of the selected tumour antigen—with a view to minimize “on-target/off-tumour” side effects—is discussed in the third chapter of this section. Bispecific and trispecific CARs are currently being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical trials (Bielamowicz et al. 2018; Shah et al. 2020). The use of an immunoglobulin domain as the ligand of the target antigen means that recognition is not restricted to HLA antigens and that CAR-T cells are universally applicable as opposed to T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented in the context of a defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC), limiting clinical applications to subsets of patients with defined HLA typing. The intracellular domain is composed of the intracellular domain of the zeta chain of the CD3 component of the TCR, which will trigger signalling when the CAR engages the targeted ligand. The transmembrane region links the two extracellular and intracellular domains through the cell membrane and plays an important role in determining the conformation and flexibility of the CAR and its ability to efficiently bind the targeted antigen/epitope. Association of only these three functional domains characterized first generation CARs, as described in the original publications (Kuwana et al. 1987; Eshhar et al. 1993). However, full activation of T cells requires the addition of one (second generation CARs) or two (third generation CARs) domains from costimulatory molecules, such as CD28, 4-1BB/CD137, or OX40/CD134, that provide the T cell costimulatory signal. Currently approved CAR-T cells are second generation CAR-T cells; as an illustration, the CAR in tisagenlecleucel contains a 4-1BB domain, while the CAR in axicabtagene ciloleucel contains a CD28 domain. The nature of the costimulatory domain influences the ability of CAR-T cells to expand or persist (limit T cell exhaustion) in vivo after infusion into the patient, although it is unclear how this translates clinically and affects disease control, occurrence of adverse events, and overall survival due to the lack of head-to-head comparison between approved products. Finally, fourth generation CAR-T cells have been developed for preclinical projects. These cells, named armoured CAR cells or T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing (TRUCKS), encode not only a CAR (usually with one costimulatory domain, such as in second generation CARs) but also a cytokine, interleukin, pro-inflammatory ligand, or chemokine that will counteract the immune suppressive microenvironment that prevails in most solid tumours (Eshhar et al. 1993; Chmielewski and Abken 2015).
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"ScFv (single chain fragment variable)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1762. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_15113.

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Conference papers on the topic "Single chain variable fragments (ScFv)"

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Novitriani, Korry, Shabarni Gaffar, Bacthi Alisjahbana, Umi Baroroh, Ade Rizki, Muhammad Yusuf, and Toto Subroto. "In Silico Study of Single Chain Fragment Variable (ScFv) on Chikungunya Virus Using Indonesian Strain." In 2nd Bakti Tunas Husada-Health Science International Conference (BTH-HSIC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200523.008.

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Karim, Hana Atiqah Abdul, Chatchai Tayapiwatana, Piyarat Nimmanpipug, Sharifuddin M. Zain, Noorsaadah Abdul Rahman, and Vannajan Sanghiran Lee. "Peptide docking of HIV-1 p24 with single chain fragment variable (scFv) by CDOCKER algorithm." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES (ICFAS 2014): Innovative Research in Applied Sciences for a Sustainable Future. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898451.

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Tan, Shyh-Han, Anshu Rastogi, Sreedatta Banerjee, Annie Bagga, Charles Xavier, Ahmed Mohamed, Denise Young, et al. "Abstract 5765: Immunobiomarkers: Structural and functional characterization of single chain fragment variable (scFv) to ERG from a mouse monoclonal antibody." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5765.

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Figueiredo, Alexandre, Thiago Chaves, Fernando Conte, Rodrigo Silva, Milena Carvalho, Manoela Martins, Adriana Soares, Sheila Lima, and Patrícia Neves. "Development of Single-Chain Variable Fragment (ScFv) antibody against COVID-19 by phage display as a possible tool to diagnostic and treatment." In International Symposium on Immunobiological. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2021_46572.

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