Relevant bibliographies by topics / Single-cylinder four stroke engine

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Single-cylinder four stroke engine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Single-cylinder four stroke engine"

1

Xu, Zhao Ping, and Si Qin Chang. "Development of a Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Free-Piston Generator." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.436.

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Free-piston engines are under investigation worldwide recently for their potential advantages in terms of efficiency and emissions. This paper focuses on the development and performance of a novel four-stroke free-piston generator (FSFPG), which is designed from a four-stroke free-piston engine equipped with a linear electric generator. Working principle and operating characteristics of the FSFPG are discussed, along with potential advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional engines. The design process and geometric parameters of a single cylinder, gasoline and spark ignition FSFPG prototype is presented. The control strategy of the novel power generating system is discussed. The already obtained testing results and performance of the FSFPG prototype are presented and analyzed in this paper in detail.
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Wu, Y.-Y., B.-C. Chen, and F.-C. Hsieh. "Modulization of four-stroke single-cylinder spark-ignition air-cooled engine models." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto184.

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In order to satisfy different requirements for engine design and real-time simulation, modulization technology is used in this paper to establish the engine model for small-scale engines. The model consists of simple and complex modules of charging, torque, friction, and crankshaft dynamics, which are established in Matlab/Simulink and verified using the experimental data. Different sets of these modules can be selected for various applications. For engine design, a complex model, which consists of the wave-action charging module and the mean-value combustion module, is employed to study the effects of inlet and exhaust systems on torque output performance. For real-time simulation, different levels of complexity can be selected according to the hardware-in-the-loop requirement of the control verification.
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Shokrollahihassanbarough, Farzad, Ali Alqahtani, and Mirosław Wyszynski. "Thermodynamic simulation comparison of opposed two-stroke and conventional four-stroke engines." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116867.

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Today’s technology leveraging allows OP2S (Opposed Piston 2-Stroke) engine to be considered as an alternative for the conventional four-stroke (4S) engines as mechanical drive in various applications, mainly in transportation. In general, OP2S engines are suited to compete with conventional 4-stroke engines where power-to-weight ratio, power-to-bulk volume ratio and fuel efficiency are requirements. This paper does present a brief advent, as well as the renaissance of OP2S engines and the novel technologies which have been used in the new approach. Also precise thermodynamic benefits have been considered, to demonstrate the fundamental efficiency advantage of OP2S engines. Hence, simulations of two different engine configurations have been taken into consideration: a one-cylinder opposed piston engine and two-cylinder conventional piston four-stroke engine. In pursuance of fulfilling this goal, the engines have been simulated in AVL Boost™ platform which is one of the most accurate Virtual Engine Tools, to predict engine performance such as combustion optimization, emission and fuel consumption. To minimize the potential differences of friction losses, the bore and stroke per cylinder are taken as constant. The closed-cycle performance of the engine configurations is compared using a custom analysis tool that allows the sources of thermal efficiency differences to be identified and quantified. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, power and torque of OP2S engine have been improved compared to conventional engines while emission concern has been alleviated.
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Liang, Jinhui, Dongdong Zhang, and Shuwen Wang. "Vibration characteristic analysis of single-cylinder two-stroke engine and mounting system optimization design." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042093063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420930631.

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Compared with four-stroke engines, single-cylinder two-stroke engines have the characteristics of small inertia, high rotational speed, and wide excitation frequency range. However, the structural vibration and noise generated by the two-stroke engine are very violent. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the vibration and noise of the single-cylinder two-stroke engine. Based on the design theory of the engine mounting system, the excitation frequency, direction, and magnitude of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are analyzed. The rubber isolator is selected as the new mount element, and the dynamic model of the engine powertrain mounting system is established based on ADAMS software. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the design variables of the mounting system, the natural frequency of the mounting system is used as an objective, and the three-directional stiffness of the mounting system is taken as design variables for the optimization problem. The optimization model is solved by the sequential quadratic programming method. The results show that the maximum frequency of the mounting system after optimization is less than 1/[Formula: see text] of the excitation frequency, and the isolation effect is achieved. The dynamic model and the optimization method presented in this article would provide a useful tool for the design and optimization of mounting system for the single-cylinder two-stroke engine to reduce vibration from the engine to the engine support.
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MOSAKOWSKI, Ryszard. "The reduction of the reaction torque of a straight four-cylinder four-stroke engine." Combustion Engines 142, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117139.

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The paper presents both the exact and simplified relations on the course of the reaction torque of a single and multi-cylinder engine, which is transmitted to the vehicle frame or foundation. The formula for the distance between the balance shafts along the vertical axes ensuring a complete elimination of the impact of the forces of inertia on the course of the reaction torque in four-stroke four-cylinder engines is derived in the paper. The criteria for selecting the optimum value of the distance are also derived in the paper. The dependence of the optimum value of the distance on the state of the engine operation and design parameters of the vehicle propulsion system is indicated in the paper. The paper proposes the selection of the optimum shafts distance, for a given type of vehicle, in areas of the engine most frequently used operating states.
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Harbach, James A., and Vito Agosta. "Effects of Emulsified Fuel on Combustion in a Four-Stroke Diesel Engine." Journal of Ship Research 35, no. 04 (December 1, 1991): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1991.35.4.356.

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While the use of emulsified fuel in diesel engines has been an area of much research interest in recent years, the promising results reported in laboratories have not been easy to reproduce in commercial practice. Many of these studies have only measured external effects such as fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. A single-cylinder research engine was operated with water/diesel fuel oil and hydrous ethanol/diesel fuel oil emulsions of varying percentages. Crank angle, cylinder pressure and injector lift were recorded electronically over 50 engine cycles, permitting calculation of the mean and standard deviation of key combustion parameters. The results showed decreased fuel consumption and increased ignition delay, peak cylinder pressure and maximum cylinder pressure rise rate for emulsion operation. While the standard deviation data showed little change in cycle-to-cycle variation for wateremulsion operation, increases of over 200 percent were measured for operation at ethanol amounts over 20 percent.
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Paul, G. R., and I. J. Sixsmith. "A New Method of Investigating Piston Ring Friction Under Firing Conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 210, no. 2 (April 1996): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_257_02.

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A new method of investigating piston ring friction in a firing engine is described. Preliminary results are presented for a spark ignition four-stroke 15 cm3 single cylinder engine. Tests were carried out on both a ringed and ringless version of the same engine. From the difference in b.m.e.p. between the engines, the ring friction could be deduced under firing conditions. This friction increased linearly with speed.
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Ipci, Duygu, and Halit Karabulut. "Thermodynamic and dynamic modeling of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine." Applied Mathematical Modelling 40, no. 5-6 (March 2016): 3925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2015.10.046.

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Joshi, Ishwar, and Surya Prasad Adhikari. "Performance Characteristics of Pine Oil Mixed Diesel Fueled Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine." Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i1.37819.

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In this study, biodiesel from the stem of Pinus roxburghii was prepared by steam distillation process. Consequently, the physical and thermal properties of pine biodiesel (P100), and 20 % pine-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (P20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results confirmed that the thermophysical properties of pine biodiesel and its blend were suitable for the fuel in diesel engine without any modification in the test engine. Eventually, the engine performance and combustion parameters were evaluated for pine-biodiesel blend for 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (P5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (P10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (P15) and P20, and compared with diesel on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine for a compression ratio of 15:1. In the midst of those in different blends evaluated, P15 showed the better brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) i.e 18.75 % lower than diesel fuel particularly up to 50 % of the engine load. However, at higher load, decrease rate in BSFC of P15 fuel is lower than engine load up to 50 %. Similarly, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P15 increases to 13.5% mainly on 50 % loading condition of the engine. At above, increment rate of BTE of pine oil biodiesel compared to diesel decreases. The brake power (BP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of P15 also found nearer to diesel. However, the BP of P15 found higher compared to diesel in all loading conditions. Thus, from the experimental investigations, P15 blend of pine oil biodiesel was found to be amenable for its use in compression ignition (CI) engine without any modification, as the BTE and SFC were found to better and, BP, indicated power (IP) and BMEP were also found nearer to diesel fuel.
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Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, Hua Tian, Xiangyu Meng, Xin Wang, and Duo Xu. "Development of a variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (February 12, 2020): 2618–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020901659.

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A new variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine was proposed and designed in this paper. The variable mode valve actuation system can significantly enhance braking safety and improve fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines through flexible switching among four-stroke driving mode, two-stroke compression-release braking mode, and cylinder deactivation mode on a conventional four-stroke engine. The switching was controlled by four-stroke driving modules and two-stroke braking modules, both of which have two operation states: effective state and failure state. For the control of the multi-cylinder engine, all cylinders can be divided into several groups, and all the four-stroke driving modules in the same group were controlled by one solenoid valve, as well as all the two-stroke braking modules were controlled by another solenoid valve. A hydraulic-mechanical multi-body dynamics model was established to investigate the switching response of the variable mode valve actuation system. The results indicated that when the engine operated at 2000 r/min, the switching of the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module required 30 °CA and 101 °CA at most, respectively. In addition, to avoid the conflict between the four-stroke driving valve lift and the two-stroke braking valve lift, the switching between the four-stroke driving mode and the two-stroke compression-release braking mode must have a reasonable sequence. The variable mode valve actuation system has an excellent switching response and it is convenient for the control of the multi-cylinder engine. Therefore, the variable mode valve actuation system has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Single-cylinder four stroke engine"

1

McCoy, Colleen (Colleen M. ). "Fuel economy of a turbocharged, single-cylinder, four-stroke engine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112556.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-57).
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for a majority of India's population. However, despite the number of workers, the yield and the yield of principal crops in India is much lower than that in developed nations. One of the reasons for this is the lack of farming mechanization in India. One of the common ways to run farming equipment is by using a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Diesel engines can be turbocharged in order to make them more efficient for less cost. A method has been found to turbocharge a single-cylinder diesel engine by adding an air capacitor to form a buffer between the intake and exhaust strokes. This thesis analyzes how the size and heat transfer of the air capacitor for this turbocharged diesel engine are correlated to engine performance and fuel economy. According to the modeled engine, a 3.0 liter capacitor had better peak power and fuel economy at high loads and speeds than a 2.4 or 1.25 liter capacitor. Additionally, forced convection cooling on the capacitor using a fan allowed the intake air density to increase, and the engine to have better fuel economy than the . However the peak power and fuel economy of the modeled naturally aspirated engine was better than the turbocharged engine for speeds below 2500 rpm. The general trends from the model were reflected in the experimental data. The forced convection increased cooling, and improved the intake air density. However, it was difficult to make any confident recommendations about the fuel economy based on the experimental data.
by Colleen McCoy.
S.B.
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Nettleton, Coby Austin. "Reverse-engineering and restoration of a four stroke single cylinder universal fisherman marine engine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123274.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 53).
To understand the inner workings of a 4-stroke engine and all of its components, a complete computer aided design (CAD) model was created of a historic marine engine. The parts were cleaned, measured, modeled in CAD and assembled. To ensure longevity of the rebuilt engine, original parts were repaired and, where necessary, new parts were fabricated. Fixing parts and post machining new castings allowed for machining practice on complex rough castings. The rebuilt engine was tested and successfully ran approximately seventy five years after this engine was first built.
by Coby Austin Nettleton.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Buchman, Michael Rafael. "A methodology for turbocharging single cylinder four stroke internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101815.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-97).
This thesis presents a method for turbocharging single cylinder four stroke internal combustion engines, a model used to evaluate it, an experimental setup used to test it, and the findings of this experiment. A turbocharged engine has better fuel economy, cost efficiency, and power density than an equivalently sized, naturally aspirated engine. Most multi-cylinder diesel engines are turbocharged for this reason. However, due to the timing mismatch between the exhaust stroke, when the turbocharger is powered, and the intake stroke, when the engine intakes air, turbocharging is not used in commercial single cylinder engines. Single cylinder engines are ubiquitous in developing world off grid power applications such as tractors, generators, and water pumps due to their low cost. Turbocharging these engines could give users a lower cost and more fuel efficient engine. The proposed solution is to add an air capacitor, in the form of a large volume intake manifold, in between the turbocharger compressor and the engine intake to smooth out the flow.
by Michael Rafael Buchman.
S.M.
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Recker, Derek Jordan. "Design, Development, and Analysis of a Single-Cylinder, Four-Stroke Propane Engine in an Educational Environment." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431000058.

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Haapakoski, J. (Jonne). "Medium-speed four-stroke diesel engine cylinder pressure effect on component dimensioning." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201612023172.

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The target of this thesis is to examine the W32 four-stroke engine and the four-stroke engine in general, with regard to its different operation modes and their effect on cylinder pressure. The cylinder pressure curves used in this thesis are simulated for the W32 engine using the GT-Power software. Previously, the cylinder pressure curve and the parameters affecting its shape have been partly unknown. This thesis aims to clarify the effect of different parameters on the cylinder pressure curve and investigate further how they affect component dimensioning. The following parameters are investigated: compression ratio, charge air pressure and different valve timings (VIC and Miller). Three components are chosen for this thesis: piston, crankshaft and connecting rod big end bearing (BEB). The crankshaft torsional vibration are calculated using Torsio software and the crankshaft bending has been calculated using the IACS classification software. Bearing calculations, minimum oil film thickness and peak oil film pressure have been calculated using the AVL Excite software. The piston is calculated according to cylinder pressure forces acting on piston crown and piston side. The cylinder pressure curve shape, the width of the maximum pressure and the variation on pressure during gas exchange have influence on component dimensioning. The complete cylinder pressure curve must be taken into consideration in component dimensioning. A piston crown is dimensioned by the maximum cylinder pressure only, but for connecting rod big end (BEB) bearing the whole pressure curve has an effect on the dimensioning. It has been found out that the bearing oil film thickness in gas and diesel operating mode with full load operation is different during gas load even though the maximum pressure is the same in cylinder pressure curves. For crankshaft torsional vibration the power output is important. For bending stress the cylinder pressure curve compression, combustion and expansion stroke has the impact on dimensioning
Työn tavoitteena on tutkia W32 nelitahtimoottoria ja yleisesti nelitahtimoottorin eri vaihteita ja näiden vaikutusta sylinteripaineeseen. Työssä käytetyt sylinteripainekäyrät on simuloitu W32-moottorille käyttäen GT-Power-ohjelmaa. Luokitukseen vaadittava sylinteripainekäyrä ja siihen vaikuttavat eri ilmiöt ovat olleet aiemmin osittain tuntemattomia. Tässä työssä on pyritty selventämään eri ilmiöiden vaikutusta sylinteripainekäyrään ja edelleen tutkia niiden vaikutusta eri komponentteihin. Seuraavia ilmiöitä tutkitaan: puristussuhde, ahtopaine sekä eri venttiilien ajoitukset (VIC ja Miller). Tähän työhön on koottu kolme eri komponenttia: mäntä, kampiakseli sekä kiertokangen alasilmän laakeri. Kampiakselin vääntövärähtelylaskelmat on laskettu Torsio-ohjelmalla, kampiakselin taipuma on laskettu IACS-luokitustyökalun avulla. Laakerilaskut, öljyfilmin minimipaksuus (minimum oil film thickness) sekä öljyfilmin huippupaine (peak oil film pressure) on laskettu AVL Excite -ohjelmalla. Mäntä on laskettu sylintetripaine voimien mukaan sekä männän lakiin, että männän helmaan kohdistettuna. Sylinteripainekäyrän muoto, huippupainealueen leveys sekä kaasunvaihdonaikainen paineenvaihtelu vaikuttaa komponenttien mitoitukseen. Komponenttien laskussa koko sylinteripainekäyrän muodolla on merkitystä. Siinä missä esimerkiksi männän laki mitoitetaan sylinteripaineen maksimiarvon perusteella, kiertokangen alasilmän laakeri mitoitetaan koko sylinteripainekäyrän perusteella. On huomattu, että täydellä kuormalla laakerin öljyfilmin kaasunpaineen aikainen minimipaksuus kaasu- ja diesel käytössä poikkeaa toisistaan siitä huolimatta, että kaasu- ja diesel sylintetripainekäyrässä on sama maksimipaine. Kampiakselin vääntövärähtelylle tehon suuruus on tärkeä. Kampiakselin taivutusjännitykseen puolestaan puristustahti, palaminen, sekä paisunta vaikuttavat mitoitukseen
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Kučera, Michal. "Čtyřdobý jednoválcový motor závodního motocyklu třídy MX1." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230392.

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This thesis describes the design of single-cylinder four-stroke racing motorcycle with a displacement of 450 cm3. The introduction describes the MX1 class motorcycle engines design and basic parameters of the designed engine. This is followed by comparing construction of crank mechanism parts meeting strength calculations with components of contemporary racing engines. The next section describes the design of the timing mechanism, balance shaft, cylinder head, engine cylinder, gearbox shaft location and crankcase lubrication and cooling system.
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Švábík, Roman. "Jednoválcový motor pro silniční závodní motocykl." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231777.

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The aim of this thesis is design of one cylinder engine, with stroke volume 250ccm, for a Moto3 category racing motorbike. At the begin the thesis describes rules for engine design for Moto3 racing motorbike category and gives a summary about current technologies in engine design and motorcycle development. Another part describes construction features of engine design, completed with crank shaft analysis using the LSA method.
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Morozov, Anton. "Jednoválcový motor pro silniční závodní motocykl." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231413.

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This thesis describes the design of four-stroke single-cylinder liquid-cooled engine with a displacement of 250 cm3 designed for Moto3 road racing motorcycle. The first chapter describes designs of existing modern engines and requirements to these engines. The next section describes the design of crank mechanism and its components. The following part describes balance shaft, timing mechanism, cylinder, cylinder head, crankcase, cooling system, lubrication system.
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Vacula, Jan. "Jednoválcový čtyřdobý motor motokrosového motocyklu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231761.

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This diploma thesis is focused on construction of one-cylinder four stroke engine designed for motocross competition. The target was create the 3D model, which has foundation on the thermodynamic simulation. Kinematics of timing mechanism was designed in Lotus Simulation. For checking the main bearings life calculation was performed.
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Kotiza, Tomáš. "Jednoválcový čtyřdobý motor motocyklu třídy enduro." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254440.

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Diploma thesis is aimed on construction design of single cylinder four stroke engine. Conception of engine with cylinder capacity 450 cm3 meets the rules of Enduro E2 class and is adapt for application for motorcycle with extremely long swing arm according to the patent owned by Ing. Frantisek Krnavek. In the beginning of this thesis is analysis of engines this category and specific engine layouts in the motorcycles. After is design and simulation of engine parameters from which are created and described 3D models of engine parts. Conclusion is about durability calculation of main bearings.
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Books on the topic "Single-cylinder four stroke engine"

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K, Kokula Krishna Hari, ed. Comparative Study of Gray cast Iron and Aluminum Material of Connecting Rod for Four Stroke Single Cylinder Engine: ICIEMS 2014. India: Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2014.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. The potential of small loop-scavenged spark-ignition, single-cylinder, two stroke engines. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1991.

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Moto Guzzi singles: All two- and four-stroke single-cylinder motorcycles from 1920. London: Osprey Pub., 1987.

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Ducati singles: All two- and four-stroke single-cylinder motorcycles including Mototrans : 1945 onwards. London: Osprey, 1985.

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Hudson, James W. Development and calibration of a torsional engine model for a three-cylinder, two-stroke diesel engine. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Development and Calibration of a Torsional Engine Model for a Three- Cylinder, Two-Stroke Diesel Engine. Storming Media, 1997.

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Ducati Singles: All Two-And Four-Stroke Single-Cylinder Motorcycles, Including Mototrans - 1945 Onwards (Osprey Collector's Library). Motorbooks International, 1997.

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Mee, Nicholas. Celestial Tapestry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851950.001.0001.

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Celestial Tapestry places mathematics within a vibrant cultural and historical context, highlighting links to the visual arts and design, and broader areas of artistic creativity. Threads are woven together telling of surprising influences that have passed between the arts and mathematics. The story involves many intriguing characters: Gaston Julia, who laid the foundations for fractals and computer art while recovering in hospital after suffering serious injury in the First World War; Charles Howard, Hinton who was imprisoned for bigamy but whose books had a huge influence on twentieth-century art; Michael Scott, the Scottish necromancer who was the dedicatee of Fibonacci’s Book of Calculation, the most important medieval book of mathematics; Richard of Wallingford, the pioneer clockmaker who suffered from leprosy and who never recovered from a lightning strike on his bedchamber; Alicia Stott Boole, the Victorian housewife who amazed mathematicians with her intuition for higher-dimensional space. The book includes more than 200 colour illustrations, puzzles to engage the reader, and many remarkable tales: the secret message in Hans Holbein’s The Ambassadors; the link between Viking runes, a Milanese banking dynasty, and modern sculpture; the connection between astrology, religion, and the Apocalypse; binary numbers and the I Ching. It also explains topics on the school mathematics curriculum: algorithms; arithmetic progressions; combinations and permutations; number sequences; the axiomatic method; geometrical proof; tessellations and polyhedra, as well as many essential topics for arts and humanities students: single-point perspective; fractals; computer art; the golden section; the higher-dimensional inspiration behind modern art.
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Araújo, Kathleen. Low Carbon Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199362554.001.0001.

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The world is at a pivotal crossroad in energy choices. There is a strong sense that our use of energy must be more sustainable. Moreover, many also broadly agree that a way must be found to rely increasingly on lower carbon energy sources. However, no single or clear solution exists on the means to carry out such a shift at either a national or international level. Traditional energy planning (when done) has revolved around limited cost projections that often fail to take longer term evidence and interactions of a wider set of factors into account. The good news is that evidence does exist on such change in case studies of different nations shifting toward low-carbon energy approaches. In fact, such shifts can occur quite quickly at times, alongside industrial and societal advance, innovation, and policy learning. These types of insights will be important for informing energy debates and decision-making going forward. Low Carbon Energy Transitions: Turning Points in National Policy and Innovation takes an in-depth look at four energy transitions that have occurred since the global oil crisis of 1973: Brazilian biofuels, Danish wind power, French nuclear power, and Icelandic geothermal energy. With these cases, Dr. Araújo argues that significant nationwide shifts to low-carbon energy can occur in under fifteen years, and that technological complexity is not necessarily a major impediment to such shifts. Dr. Araújo draws on more than five years of research, and interviews with over 120 different scientists, government workers, academics, and members of civil society in completing this study. Low Carbon Energy Transitions is written for for professionals in energy, the environment and policy as well as for students and citizens who are interested in critical decisions about energy sustainability. Technology briefings are provided for each of the major technologies in this book, so that scientific and non-scientific readers can engage in more even discussions about the choices that are involved.
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Book chapters on the topic "Single-cylinder four stroke engine"

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Vijayendernath, Akshay Kumar, and Sumit Sharma. "Combustion Simulation of a Four Stroke Single Cylinder S.I Engine for Reducing Emissions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 719–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6416-7_67.

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Ajitkumar, Rahul, Sumit Sharma, and Vipin Kaushik. "Improving Thermal Efficiency by Varying Input Parameters of a Four Stroke Single Cylinder S.I Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 541–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6416-7_50.

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Meena, Pradeep Kumar, Amit Pal, and Samsher. "Experimental Analysis of Four-Stroke Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Biogas as a Dual Fuel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 395–406. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9678-0_35.

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Debnath, Rabisankar, G. R. K. Sastry, R. N. Rai, and Jibitesh Kumar Panda. "Investigative Analysis of Thumba Biodiesel Blends in a Single Cylinder Four Stroke IDI CI Engine at Varying Loads." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 807–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6577-5_78.

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Pawar, Nilesh Ramchandra, and Sanjeev Reddy K. Hudgikar. "Performance Enhancement of Multi-cylinder Four Stroke SI Engine Under the Effect of Magnetic Field." In Techno-Societal 2020, 189–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_19.

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Pandiyan, A., G. Arun Kumar, S. Shaik Asif, and Amit Patel. "Parametric Optimization of Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Crankshaft Using Four Different Materials—AISI 1040, AISI 4340, AISI 4140 and AISI 4615." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 587–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6374-0_64.

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Yaliwal, V. S., S. R. Daboji, K. N. Patil, M. K. Marikatti, and N. R. Banapurmath. "Multiple Optimizations of Engine Parameters of Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Direct Injection Diesel Engine Operated on Dual Fuel Mode Using Biodiesel-Treated and Untreated Biogas Combination." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 765–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5996-9_60.

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Mohammed Riyaz, M., and M. P. Rangaiah. "Experimental Investigation on Mixing of Waste Plastic and Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Blends with Diesel in a Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Diesel Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 953–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4739-3_83.

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Dalal, Milind, Romin Virani, Pulkit Choudhary, and Ajit Kumar Parwani. "Emission and Performance Analysis of Four-Stroke Dual-Cylinder Engine Using Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil as Biodiesel." In Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure, 321–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4176-0_28.

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Venkataramana, Savadana, and N. Ramanaiah. "Experimental Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four Stroke Single Cylinder VCR Diesel Engine Using Palm Biodiesel and Diesel Along with Comparison." In Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Innovative Product Design, 261–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9853-1_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Single-cylinder four stroke engine"

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Saravana, Prabu V., and C. D. Naiju. "Electronic Ignition of four stroke single cylinder engine." In International Mobility Engineering Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-28-0024.

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Buchman, Michael R., and Amos G. Winter. "Method for Turbocharging Single Cylinder Four Stroke Engines." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35044.

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This paper presents a feasibility study of a method for turbocharging single cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engines. Turbocharging is not conventionally used with single cylinder engines because of the timing mismatch between when the turbo is powered, during the exhaust stroke, and when it can deliver air to the cylinder, during the intake stroke. The proposed solution involves an air capacitor on the intake side of the engine between the turbocharger and intake valves. The capacitor acts as a buffer and would be implemented as a new style of intake manifold with a larger volume than traditional systems. In order for the air capacitor to be practical, it needs to be sized large enough to maintain the turbocharger pressure during the intake stroke, cause minimal turbo lag, and significantly increase the density of the intake air. By creating multiple flow models of air through the turbocharged engine system, we found that the optimal size air capacitor is between four and five times the engine capacity. For a capacitor sized for a one-liter engine, the lag time was found to be approximately two seconds, which would be acceptable for slowly accelerating applications such as tractors, or steady state applications such as generators. The density increase that can be achieved in the capacitor, compared to air at standard ambient temperature and pressure, was found to vary between fifty percent for adiabatic compression and no heat transfer from the capacitor, to eighty percent for perfect heat transfer. These increases in density are proportional to, to first order, the anticipated power increases that could be realized with a turbocharger and air capacitor system applied to a single cylinder, four-stroke engine.
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Buchman, Michael R., and Amos G. Winter. "Validating a Method for Turbocharging Single Cylinder Four Stroke Engines." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59593.

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This paper presents a method for turbocharging single cylinder four stroke internal combustion engines, an experimental setup used to test this method, and the results from this experiment. A turbocharged engine has better fuel economy, cost efficiency, and power density than an equivalently sized, naturally aspirated engine. Most multi-cylinder diesel engines are turbocharged for this reason. However, due to the timing mismatch between the exhaust stroke (when the turbocharger is powered) and the intake stroke (when the engine intakes air), turbocharging is not used in commercial single cylinder engines. Single cylinder engines are ubiquitous in developing world off-grid power applications such as tractors, generators, and water pumps due to their low cost. Turbocharging these engines could give users a lower cost and more fuel efficient engine. The proposed solution is to add an air capacitor, in the form of a large volume intake manifold, between the turbocharger compressor and the engine intake to smooth out the flow. This research builds on a previous theoretical study where the turbocharger, capacitor, and engine system were modeled an-alytically. In order to validate the theoretical model, an experimental setup was created around a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. A typical developing world engine was chosen and was fitted with a turbocharger. A series of sensors were added to this engine to measure pressure, temperature, and power output. Our tests showed that a turbocharger and air capacitor could be successfully fitted to a single cylinder engine to increase intake air density by forty-three percent and peak power output by twenty-nine percent.
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Taraza, Dinu, Naeim A. Henein, Mangesh J. Gade, and Walter Bryzik. "Cylinder Pressure Reconstruction From Crankshaft Speed Measurement in a Four-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1023.

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In a single cylinder engine, the speed fluctuation during steady state operation of the engine is influenced only by the cylinder pressure variation, the engine friction and the dynamics of the crankshaft. This dependency is used to explore the capacity of the lumped mass model of the crankshaft to correctly represent its dynamics. Based on this model, the paper establishes the relationship between the cylinder pressure variation and the crankshaft speed fluctuation for steady state operation of the single cylinder diesel engine. Correlations are determined between the harmonic components of the tangential gas-pressure and the harmonic components of the angular speed of the free end of the crankshaft. These correlations are used to predict the angular speed variation of the crankshaft, when the cylinder pressure variation is known, or to reconstruct the cylinder pressure when the crankshaft speed fluctuation is known. The reverse calculation of the pressure variation from the measured crankshaft speed is strongly influenced by the elastic characteristics of the crankshaft. If the stiffness of the crankshaft is not accurately determined, the results are significantly distorted.
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Banis, Karlis. "Biasing a staged fuel injection system of a single cylinder four stroke gasoline engine." In Research for Rural Development 2019 : annual 25th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.25.2019.029.

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Anand, T. N. C., and R. V. Ravikrishna. "Multi-Dimensional, Transient Fluid Flow Simulations in the Manifold of a Four-Stroke Single-Cylinder Engine." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1273.

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Multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out on the intake manifold and cylinder of a four-stroke single cylinder two-wheeler engine. The complex geometry of the manifold and the engine cylinder, and the motion of the intake valve were taken into consideration. Both air flow and two-phase calculations were done to predict the trajectory of the liquid fuel and identify regions of impingement which could lead to film formation and high emissions at startup. The results show that the present geometry of the manifold is non-optimum as large recirculation zones are present. The two-phase simulations show that fuel transport is significantly affected due to the recirculation under idling conditions and significant impingement occurs. The numerical results obtained could be utilized to improve the flow in the manifold for lowering emissions.
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McKee, R. H., G. McCullough, G. Cunningham, J. O. Taylor, N. McDowell, J. T. Taylor, and R. McCullough. "Experimental Optimisation of Manifold and Camshaft Geometries for a Restricted 600cc Four-Cylinder Four-Stroke Engine." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0070.

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Kontarakis, George, Nick Collings, and Tom Ma. "Demonstration of HCCI Using a Single Cylinder Four-stroke SI Engine with Modified Valve Timing." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2870.

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Purdy, G. R., R. Douglas, and A. J. V. Chewter. "Wall-Wetting Theories Applied to the Transient Operation of a Single Cylinder Four-Stroke Gasoline Engine." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932446.

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Haq, M. Z., and M. R. Mohiuddin. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Multi-Fueled Single Cylinder SI Engine." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62423.

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The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of a single cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engine fuelled by four fuels namely iso-octane, methane, methanol and hydrogen. In SI engines, due to phenomena like ignition delay and finite flame speed manifested by the fuels, the heat addition process is not instantaneous, and hence ‘Weibe function’ is used to address the realistic heat release scenario of the engine. Empirical correlations are used to predict the heat loss from the engine cylinder. Physical states and chemical properties of gaseous species present inside the cylinder are determined using first and second law of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, JANAF thermodynamic data-base and NASA polynomials. The model is implemented in FORTRAN 95 using standard numerical routines and some simulation results are validated against data available in literature. The second law of thermodynamics is applied to estimate the change of exergy i.e. the work potential or quality of the in-cylinder mixture undergoing various phases to complete the cycle. Results indicate that, around 4 to 24% of exergy initially possessed by the in-cylinder mixture is reduced during combustion and about 26 to 42% is left unused and exhausted to the atmosphere.
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Reports on the topic "Single-cylinder four stroke engine"

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Akama, Shun-ichi, Yasunori Murayama, and Shigeho Sakoda. Reduced-Order Modeling of Intake Air Dynamics in Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Engine. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9041.

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Henein, N. A. Characterization of Single-Cylinder Small-Bore 4-Stroke CIDI Engine Combustion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/975487.

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Abis, A., C. Schwab, R. Kirchberger, and H. Eichlseder. An Innovative Two-Stroke Twin-Cylinder Engine Layout for Range Extending Application. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9133.

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