Academic literature on the topic 'Single-purpose test equipment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Single-purpose test equipment"
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Chang, Kurng. "Structural Response Loads in Force-Limited Vibration Testing." Journal of the IEST 45, no. 1 (September 14, 2002): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.45.1.bv71nq036p238625.
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Flight equipment is exposed to random vibration excitations during launch and is functionally designed to survive a shaker random vibration test. In the test, the random vibration design levels will be applied at the equipment-mounting interface and will be force limited to reduce over-testing at shaker hardmount resonance frequencies. As is commonly practiced for heavier equipment, the equipment also is designed to the structural flight limit load. The philosophy of the Limit Load Factors (LLFs) or so-called the Mass Acceleration Curve (MAC) has been adopted over many years for use in the preliminary structural design of spacecraft and flight equipment. The purpose of the work presented herein is to discuss the results of force limit notching during vibration testing with respect to the traditional limit load design criteria. By using a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system approach, this work shows that with an appropriate force specification the notched response due to force limiting will result in loads comparable with the structural design limit criteria. A simplified formula is presented to predict the test load limits, based only upon estimates for the first significant resonance of the equipment and the semi-empirical force specification factor, C2.
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Wen, Xiao Fei, Xing Di Wang, and Qiang Yuan. "A Study on Test Technology of Ship Shafting Torsional Vibration." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1423.
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Ship shafting is a key component of ship power plant. Torsional vibration test for ship shafting is the essential step to ensure the safety of ship power systems. For the purpose of analyzing and comparing torsional vibration test methods, a study of the test methods, equipment and technology is carried out in this paper. Three different test methods are compared with each other by adopting two different test systems. The main propulsion and marine generator shafting torsional vibration characteristics are analyzed by using two different analysis methods respectively: the single order and resonance point method and the multi order and resonance point method. The results obtained in the process of testing on board ship may provide a good guidance for the further researches in this subject.
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KRAVTSOV, Alexey, Vasily ANISCHENKO, Victor ATRUSHKEVICH, and Ivan PYTALEV. "PERSPECTIVES OF APPLYING WEBRTC FOR REMOTE-CONTROLLED MINING EQUIPMENT." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2020-12-4-592-599.
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Currently a lot of mining companies, such as Caterpillar, Sandvik, Atlas Copco and Komatsu are developing solutions for machines remote control and mining process automation. The purpose of these technologies is to increase labor efficiency and safety. Solutions for remote control should establish secure connection and transfer data with low latency – this could be implemented with WebRTC technology. Several problems were revealed during open data analysis of Cisco, Sandvik, Moxa and Acksys remote control solutions – using of expensive IP-cameras, sophisticated network and security design. WebRTC could solve these and several other problems. WebRTC operation principles reviewed further: initial information exchange via signaling server, use of ICE for discovering shortest path between peers and establishing peer-topeer connection. This could simplify network design and allow to use more cheap USB cameras instead of IP-cameras. For security reasons WebRTC encrypts transmitted data with DTLS and SRTP algorithms. Encryption key fingerprints are exchanged over signaling server; after connection establishment, peers are exchanging keys itself over discovered route. But WebRTC specification does not define peer to signaling server communication, which may lead to breach in unsecure data channel, especially man-in-the-middle attack. To prevent this, software engineer should ensure that connection with signaling server is secure. Mining machine model was developed to test data transmission latency. In this model, Raspberry Pi single-board computer is responsible for wireless connection, video encoding and commands processing. Received commands are passed to Arduino controller, which operates electric engines controller. Three remote control scenarios were tested – model is near the operator and in direct line of sight; model is near operator, but not in direct line of sight; model and operator are far away from each other (over 1600 km), model controlled over Internet. Test results shows that transmission latency does not exceed 300 ms, which is suitable for real-time remote driving.
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Freeborn, Todd J., and Jada Damond. "Introducing electrical engineering through characterization of a handheld moisture meter: A research experience case study." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 56, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918776420.
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Concepts from electrical engineering can be introduced to nonmajor engineering students through lectures, laboratories, or even research experiences. Often the purpose of introducing nonmajors to these concepts is to highlight that engineering problems are not limited to skills from only a single discipline as well as improve their ability to communicate and collaborate with other disciplines. This case study discusses the experience of introducing a nonmajor undergraduate student to electrical engineering through an undergraduate research project at The University of Alabama investigating the electrical properties of bamboo, which required the characterization of a portable moisture meter. These exercises were successful at improving the student’s confidence and proficiency with electrical test equipment, highlighting the limitations of test equipment, and applying concepts of resistance to a real-world application that overlaps electrical, chemical, and biological disciplines. While this exercise was a component of an undergraduate research experience, similar exercises could be easily integrated into electrical engineering laboratories for nonelectrical engineering majors to introduce and reinforce concepts from electrical engineering using a multidisciplinary application.
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Limpitipanich, Paiboon, and Anucha Promwungkwa. "Determination of Tensile Properties of Hemp-Fiber Bundle by Using Tensile Testing Equipment with Raspberry Pi." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1308.
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Tensile strength of some natural fibers such as hemp is higher than that of steel. To determine tensile properties of hemp fiber, a fiber or bundle is tensile tested with universal testing machine that is controlled by personal computer. This paper presents a small tensile testing equipment that is controlled by Raspberry Pi (RPi), a credit-card-sized single-board computer. General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) pins on RPi were used for controlling the machine crosshead and receiving the tensile load that apply to a hemp bundle. A stepper motor was used to drive the crosshead. Tensile load was measured by using a load measurement system included load-cell, instrument amplifier, and analog-to-digital converter. The applied load and extension were real-time displayed and continuously recorded throughout the test. Testing hemp-fiber bundles with the proposed equipment found that their tensile strength and Youngs modulus were 446.75±184.36 MPa and 18.23±8.26 GPa, respectively. These results were in good agreement with the properties founded in other publications. Test results also found that hemp-fiber bundle with smaller diameter showed higher tensile strength than that of larger one.
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Liu, Wangyu, Dong Sun, Aimin Tang, and Mingke Li. "A method to improve the cured bonding strength at the weak juncture of the porous hydrogel scaffold." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2017-0175.
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Purpose Hydrogel is an excellent material for the fabrication of porous scaffold by mask-prototyping method. Different from the common commercial resin, hydrogel is hydrophilic and hyperelastic, so that it cannot bear the conventional post-curing process to improve its mechanical properties. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a method to improve the curing bonding strength at the weak juncture of the porous hydrogel scaffold. Design/methodology/approach The working curve of the resin was obtained through the single layer cure experiment, and the energy accumulation model has been set up by MATLAB. Aimed at the specificity of material, a new method of partial curing on different kind of structure has been proposed. Under the same condition, only the tn2 needs to be changed to fabricate different test specimens with different accumulated energy between two layers. The tensile test is carried out with the authors’ preferred equipment. Findings The analysis reveals that accumulated energy can be changed by adjusting the key parameters, and the tensile test shows that when the accumulated energy is bigger, the ultimate tensile strength is higher. Research limitations/implications Subject to the equipment accuracy and specificity of material, some errors coming from the experiment and test might exist, but the authors believe they will not change their findings and conclusions in this paper. Practical implications The research provides a method which is different from the common methods but friendlier to improve the bonding strength of the hydrogel scaffold. Social implications This work can help to adjust the mechanical property of the scaffold used in tissue engineering. Originality/value This method can improve the bonding strength at weak juncture and give a direction for the design of porous scaffold.
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Wunderlich, Robert, Alwina Stein, Alva Engell, Pia Lau, Lea Waasem, Alex Shaykevich, Claudia Rudack, and Christo Pantev. "Evaluation of iPod-Based Automated Tinnitus Pitch Matching." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 02 (February 2015): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.2.9.
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Background: Tinnitus is the perception of sound unrelated to any external source. Diagnostic approaches to assess tinnitus characteristics such as tinnitus pitch are crucial for new attempts of tinnitus therapy. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate reliable tinnitus pitch-matching procedures. Existing procedures usually require audiometric equipment and are time consuming. However, some patients with tinnitus find it hard to match their tinnitus in one single session. Therefore, we developed an iPod-based application for self-administered tinnitus pitch matching and compared it with a standardized audiometric procedure. Study Sample: A total of 17 patients with chronic tonal tinnitus participated in two sessions including both pitch-matching procedures. Method: In the conventional audiometric test, the investigator adjusted the frequency and loudness of pure tones led by the responses of the patient. For the iPod-based procedure, we used a recursive two-interval forced-choice test that required no interaction with an investigator. Both procedures included loudness matching and testing for octave confusion. Results: The iPod-based procedure resulted in lower pitch matches as compared with the conventional audiometry. Psychometric qualities such as test-retest reliability of both methods were comparable. Participants rated the iPod-based procedure as easier to perform and more comfortable to use. Conclusions: In conclusion, we find that the use of self-administered tinnitus pitch-matching procedures on a mobile device is feasible and easier in practice without any loss of reliability and validity. A major advantage is the possibility of repeated measurements without expensive equipment and experienced staff. Repeated measurements of tinnitus pitch can provide more information about the stability of the tinnitus perception and may improve the ability of participants to match their tinnitus.
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Архангельский, Игорь Валентинович, Юрий Кузьмич Нагановский, Игорь Андреевич Годунов, and Николай Владимирович Яшин. "Thermoanalytic interlaboratory experiment for identification of materials, substances and fire protection equipment." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 3(100) (September 28, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2020.63.99.001.
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Проведен межлабораторный термогравиметрический эксперимент по идентификации огнезащитных составов интумесцентного типа. Использование дисперсионного анализа позволило установить значимость/незначимость различий в поведении исследуемых материалов при нагревании, выявить лаборатории, обладающие необходимыми компетенциями для проведения идентификации. Найдено, что применение различных водно-полимерных дисперсий даже близкого строения в составе огнезащитных материалов приводит к неидентичности их свойств. Представленный подход позволил однозначно установить неидентичность исследованных огнезащитных составов. The article deals with the problem of identification of materials, substances and means of fire protection according to GOST R 53293-09 using one of the methods of thermal analysis, namely, thermogravimetric analysis. The long-term practice demonstrated that the methodology presented in the standard did not always give a clear result when identifying objects. Therefore, the evaluation experiment was conducted simultaneously in several testing laboratories with the appropriate equipment. The tests were conducted in the laboratories of the FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, ANO «CISIS FMT», and two CCPS of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The most complex and controversial objects for identification were studied, namely, thermally expanding (intumescent) flame retardants based on water-polymer dispersions, which are used to protect building structures in closed premises. The purpose of the work consists in more correctly identifying the differences in the samples of the identifier and the analyzed object by using methods of dispersion analysis (GOST R ISO 5725-1, 2-202) when processing the joint interlaboratory experiment. Thermogravimetric analysis of objects was performed in platinum crucibles on samples in the form of disks with a thickness of 0,2-0,3 mm, weight 5-7 mg, at a heating rate of 20 °C/min in the air flow (50-70 ml/min). As a result of the experiment, the significance/insignificance of differences between samples should be displayed. The opinion about the competence of the laboratories participating in the experiment was made. In each laboratory there were conducted two series of thermogravimetric tests in 30-700 °C temperature range including five parallel measurements in each series. Each independent single measurement for further processing was represented by the data array formed within the temperature range of 140-650 °C with a 5° step, in total 103 points in each measurement. The results were processed using Excel spreadsheets. In the context of dispersion analysis there were evaluated both mean values of conversion rates for all laboratories, and the convergence (repeatability) variance for each laboratory using the Student's test, and the inter-laboratory variance (reproducibility variance) using the Cochran’s С test. This procedure revealed the nature of the quasi-samples and established the identity/non-identity of the samples. The results of calculations are represented by the graphical dependence of the generalized average degrees of transformation of destruction processes of objects under the temperature as well as the difference between these characteristics for laboratories I-IV. The presented identification procedure allows both to uniquely solve the problem of significance/insignificance of differences between the test object and the identifier, and to distinguish samples that have a similar composition. The statistical characteristics of a single measurement are calculated. The convergence of parallel measurements for determination of statistical outliers is identified. Determination of the overall average difference for a series of degrees of transformation allows to calculate the Student's test and accept or reject the null hypothesis. The performance of the joint evaluative (interlaboratory) experiment allows not only to establish the significance/insignificance of differences in the behavior of the materials during heating, but also to identify laboratories that have the necessary competencies for identification. The case considered in this paper revealed that the use of various water-polymer dispersions of even close structure in the composition of fire-resistant materials leads to non-identity of their properties.
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Areia, Carlos, Sarah Vollam, Philippa Piper, Elizabeth King, Jody Ede, Louise Young, Mauro Santos, et al. "Protocol for a prospective, controlled, cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of ambulatory monitoring systems in the prompt detection of hypoxia and during movement." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e034404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034404.
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IntroductionAutomated continuous ambulatory monitoring may provide an alternative to intermittent manual vital signs monitoring. This has the potential to improve frequency of measurements, timely escalation of care and patient safety. However, a major barrier to the implementation of these wearable devices in the ward environment is their uncertain reliability, efficiency and data fidelity. The purpose of this study is to test performance of selected devices in a simulated clinical setting including during movement and low levels of peripheral oxygen saturation.Methods and analysisThis is a single centre, prospective, controlled, cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study to determine the specificity and sensitivity of currently available ambulatory vital signs monitoring equipment in the detection of hypoxia and the effect of movement on data acquisition. We will recruit up to 45 healthy volunteers who will attend a single study visit; starting with a movement phase and followed by the hypoxia exposure phase where we will gradually decrease saturation levels down to 80%. We will simultaneously test one chest patch, one wrist worn only and three wrist worn with finger probe devices against ‘clinical standard ‘and ‘gold standard’ references. We will measure peripheral oxygen saturations, pulse rate, heart rate and respiratory rate continuously and arterial blood gases intermittently throughout the study.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval by the East of Scotland Research Ethics Service REC 2 (19/ES/0008). The results will be broadly distributed through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN61535692registered on 10/06/2019.
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Kim, Young Kyun, Kyoung Un Park, Pil Young Yun, and Su Gwan Kim. "The Effect of Dual-Suctioning System on the Bacterial Contamination of Bone Debris Collected in the Oral Cavity during Dental Implant Surgery: Microbial Analysis." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.82.
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There have been many clinical trials to collect bone debris utilizing special equipment and to apply in the bone graft procedure simultaneously. Collected bone debris (CBD) may be contaminated by bacteria. This may lead to iatrogenic contamination of recipient sites by grafted bone debris. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of strict suction protocol on the levels of bacterial contamination. Total 41 patients (21 male and 20 female patients) with a mean age of 48.97 were selected in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups in this study. One group consisted of a single-suctioning group, while the other was dual-suctioning group. A bone collecting device was used to collect bone specimens during drilling. Samples were obtained and cultures of CBD were performed. Among the 41 samples of cultured bone debris, only 16 samples yielded viable microorganisms. Microorganisms were detected in the 54.5% (12/22) of single-suctioning group, and in 21.1% (4/19) of dual-suctioning group (p=0.03). The majority of microorganisms were Gram positive cocci. It was shown that erythromycin and clindamycin were more effective than penicillin in the antibiotics sensitivity test. It was concluded that the use of strict suction protocol could reduce the bacterial contamination.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Single-purpose test equipment"
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Janoušek, Roman. "Návrh software jednoúčelového stroje pro výrobní testy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232098.
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This diploma thesis deals with design and implementation of software for control of manufacturing tests of pneumatic proportional valve Festo MPYE. The single-purpose testing device consists of a DAQ device, a pressure sensor and of electrically operated pneumatic valves. In the introduction of this thesis are outlined aims of thesis followed by introduction to single-purpose assemblies commonly used in practice. The main part of this thesis deals with analysis and with solving the issues of assigned product testing. The designed and implemented modular software for control of manufacturing tests of assigned product is presented as an outcome and this software is easily adjustable for tests of a different product. In the conclusion are assessed achieved aims.
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Tejkl, Michal. "Konstrukce jednoúčelového stroje pro automatické testování pneumatického šroubení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444287.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a single-purpose machine for automatic testing of pneumatic fittings. Pneumatic fittings used in brake systems are subject to high technical requirements and 100% tightness control in production. In this case, manual testing is not effective and the goal is to automate the process. The theoretical part presents pneumatic mechanisms, analysis of the tested pneumatic fitting with technical parameters, the possibility of tightness testing, use of sensors, and rotary tables. In the practical part, a systematic analysis of the problem was performed, according to which the overall design proceeded. Subsequently, the design of the complete machine containing individual nodes is processed, supplemented by the necessary calculations. The conclusion of the thesis contains an evaluation of the whole project.
Conference papers on the topic "Single-purpose test equipment"
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Priante, Michelle. "Post Test Review of a Single Car Test of Multi-Level Passenger Equipment." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63053.
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In support of the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) Railroad Equipment Safety Program, a full-scale dynamic single car impact test of multi-level passenger equipment was conducted on October 2, 2007. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the crashworthiness performance of a multi-level car. The car struck the test barrier at 36.6 miles per hour (mph). Instrumentation on the car measured the deformations of critical structural elements; the vertical, lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the car body and trucks; and the suspension displacements. The structure of a multi-level car is different from that of a single level car or bi-level car. The underframe for single level cars and bi-level cars are straight. In a multi-level car, the underframe is at one level for the mezzanines, and at a lower level at the midsection. A transition structure, or gooseneck, connects the levels. Two passenger train incidents in the last few years have shown that multi-level cars deform in different modes from single level cars under dynamic loading conditions. In two separate collisions in Placentia and Glendale, CA, the gooseneck crushed. During the test, the most damage occurred in the draft sill. The gooseneck was beginning to hinge. The truck connections at both the leading and rear truck failed. Test results show that the multi-level car had a higher average force than the single level car. The secondary impact velocity is higher for the conventional multi-level car than in the conventional single level car. The multi-level car crushed approximately 2 feet during the test, 3 feet less than the single level car crushed.
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Cloyd, Scott T., and Arthur J. Harris. "Gas Turbine Performance: New Application and Test Correction Curves." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-167.
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The gas turbine industry has adopted the practice of rating engine performance at ISO standard conditions; 15 degrees C, 1.033 ata, 100% methane fuel, and no inlet or exhaust system pressure losses with power output referenced to the generator terminals. (ISO, 1989) While these standards are useful in putting original equipment manufacturers’ (OEM’s) ratings on an equivalent basis it is not likely that an engine would be installed or tested under these types of conditions. To account for variations in engine operating conditions equipment manufacturers’ have utilized performance correction curves to show the influence of changing one operating parameter while holding all others constant. The purpose of this paper is to review the correction curves that are used for initial project application studies, and the variations to the curves that occur when a unit is put into service as a result of the methods used to control engine operation. Sample corrections curves and a brief explanation of the correction curves are presented to illustrate the variations in the curves. The paper also presents a new method for illustrating the influence of fuel heating value and composition on engine performance for natural gas and oil fuel. All data presented is for a single shaft, constant speed gas turbine. Two shaft or three shaft gas turbines will not have these correction curves.
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Kaufman, Steven G., and Mats A. Falk. "Fan Performance Test and Evaluation Methodology: Addressing the Difficulties of Full and Partial Capacity Testing When the Specified and Site Conditions Don’t Match." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22110.
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For many years now, an increased emphasis has been placed on the energy requirements of electric motor driven equipment. For end-users footing monthly electrical bills, efficiency is important along with the assurance that the equipment delivers the specified output. With fans, it is now commonplace to put performance guarantees in place when purchasing new equipment which specify volume flow, pressure requirements and expectations for efficiency or power that have to be met. Test procedures suitable for conducting fan performance guarantee tests are available in many published AMCA, ASME, ANSI, BS and ISO performance test standards and codes. These procedures specify how to measure the fan performance at discrete operating points and provide uncertainty analysis methods to estimate the accuracy of the test. Some test standards are believed to provide more accurate field test results than others. It is generally recognized throughout industry that it is virtually impossible to have suitable correlation between the site and the specified design conditions for the purpose of a ‘guarantee test’. This is often due to differences in the actual system resistance compared to what was predicted by the original design calculations as well as difficulties of adjusting system resistance and maintaining system stability with a process operating on line. The method of fan volume flow control, whether variable speed or throttle control, influences the amount of time and effort required to get the test point as close as possible to the specified operating point. With possibly the exception of AMCA and BS, published test standards and codes generally do not provide methods for evaluating whether the performance guaranteed by the fan vendor has been verified by a performance test. This technical paper provides guidelines for how to approach the difficult problem of verifying guaranteed operating points on fans. It specifically deals with the following aspects: - Evaluation of both partial and full capacity operating points. - Data collection methodology for selecting the number and relative positions of performance test points that are required to verify a guaranteed operating point. - Evaluation methodology that will relate the test points obtained to the specified operating point; Single Point, Multiple Point Line and Multiple Point Box data collection and evaluation methods. - Potential acceptance tolerances for flow, pressure, power and/or efficiency of the guaranteed operating point. - Field test accuracy and the implications on acceptance tolerances.
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Islam, M. Saiful, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Measurement of the Constitutive Behavior of Underfill Encapsulants." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35321.
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Reliable, consistent, and comprehensive material property data are needed for microelectronic encapsulants for the purpose of mechanical design, reliability assessment, and process optimization of electronic packages. In our research efforts, the mechanical responses of several different capillary flow snap cure underfill encapsulants are being characterized. A microscale tension-torsion testing machine has been used to evaluate the uniaxial tensile stress-strain behavior of underfill materials as a function of temperature, strain rate, specimen dimensions, humidity, thermal cycling exposure, etc. A critical step to achieving accurate experimental results has been the development of a sample preparation procedure that produces mechanical test specimens that reflect the properties of true underfill encapsulant layers. In the developed method, 75–125 μm (3–5 mil) thick underfill uniaxial tension specimens are dispensed and cured using production equipment and the same processing conditions as those used with actual flip chip assemblies. Although several underfills have been examined, this work features results for the mechanical response of a single typical capillary flow snap cure underfill. A three parameter hyperbolic tangent empirical model has been shown to provide accurate fits to the observed underfill nonlinear stress-strain behavior over a range of temperatures and strain rates. In addition, typical creep data are presented.
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Corporan, Edwin, Matthew J. DeWitt, Christopher D. Klingshirn, Shannon M. Mahurin, and Meng-Dawn Cheng. "Emissions Characteristics of a Legacy Military Aircraft." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59255.
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Emissions from aircraft and associated ground equipment are major sources of local pollution at airports and military bases. These pollutant emissions, especially particulate matter (PM), have been receiving significant attention lately due to their proven harmful health and environmental effects. As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tightens environmental standards, it is likely that military operations, including the basing of advanced and legacy aircraft, will be impacted. Accurate determination of emission indices from aircraft is necessary to properly assess their environmental burden. As such, the gaseous and PM emissions of a B-52 Stratofortress aircraft were characterized in this effort. This emissions study supports the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project WP-1401 to determine emissions factors from military aircraft. The main purpose of the project is to develop a comprehensive emissions measurement program using both conventional and advanced techniques to determine emissions factors for pollutants of fixed and rotating wing military aircraft. Standard practices for the measurement of gaseous emissions from aircraft have been well established; however, there is no certified methodology for the measurement of aircraft PM emissions. In this study, several conventional aerosol instruments were employed to physically characterize the PM emissions from two of the aircraft’s TF33 turbofan engines. Exit plane pollutant emissions were extracted via probes and transported through heated lines to the analytical instruments. Particle concentrations, size distributions and mass emissions, as well as engine smoke numbers (SN), soot volatile fraction and total hydrocarbon emissions were measured. The engines were tested at four power settings, from idle to 75% normal rated thrust (NRT) (95% N2 – turbine speed). Test results show relatively consistent PM and gaseous emissions between the two engines for most conditions tested. The measured TF33 PM mass emission indices (EI), including estimated sampling line losses, were in the range of 1.0–3.0 g/kg-fuel and the particle number (PN) EI were between 4.0–10.0E+15 particles/kg-fuel. The particle size data followed a single mode lognormal distribution for all power settings with particle geometric mean diameters ranging from 52 to 85 nm. In general, the aerosol instrumentation provided consistent and reliable measurements throughout the test campaign, therefore increasing confidence on their use for turbine engine PM emissions measurements.
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Tatoglu, Akin, Claudio Campana, James Nolan, and Gary Toloczko. "Fuzzy Logic Controller Design of a Single Stage Fluid Valve Based Robotic Arm." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24145.
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Abstract One challenge for mobile robotics is the limitation of onboard processing power and the size of equipment required to accomplish basic tasks. While hydraulic pistons can generate high force output for various types of manipulation tasks, they require large equipment including the pistons, compressors, and the power sources in order to operate properly. For hydraulics to be applied to small to medium scale robots, the scale of the system needs to be as minimalistic as possible. For this purpose, we designed a single stage valve actuated robotic arm. Since system’s dynamic behavior is complex and only piston distance data is observable, a heuristic method, a Fuzzy Logic controller, is investigated. The goal is to create and optimize a system using a single piston and small compressor while maintaining effective control of the arm. Fuzzy Logic Controller system details, experimental setup and results are discussed for various motion profiles and finally its effectiveness is compared with a traditional PID controller approach. Robotics is a field that is constantly evolving and looking for creative new ways to provide solutions to new and old obstacles. One challenge for mobile robotics is the limitation of onboard processing power and the size of equipment required to accomplish basic tasks. The issue especially with smaller scale mobile robots is the lack of power and space on the robot to fit equipment and any critical apparatus for said equipment. While hydraulic pistons can generate high force output for various types of manipulation tasks, they require large equipment including pistons, compressors, and power sources in order to operate properly. Typically, a motor is used to power a pump which pressurizes hydraulic fluid. This fluid is used by the machine via hydraulic tubes and then is sent back through a filter and returns to the pump. This method of using hydraulics requires a large amount of power and a large amount of space. For hydraulics to be applied to small to medium scale robots, the scale of the system needs to be as minimalistic as possible. For this purpose, we designed a single stage valve actuated robotic arm. These employed the use of small electronic control boards fitted to the compressor system used to drive the hydraulics. For types of systems that must operate with discrete impulses of data to reach a target or reference value predominantly use Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controllers. These would be programmed in the onboard computer driving the hydraulic system. These systems require careful tweaking of various gain values to set up appropriately. However, the choice of an accurate controller structure relies on the application. Since system’s dynamic behavior is complex and only piston distance data is observable, an alternative method of control is investigated. Fuzzy logic is a control method which takes inputs from sensors and determines the output in terms of logical statements that can be in degrees between 0 and 1 rather than strictly 0 and 1 as seen in traditional Boolean logic. The particular equipment of interest in this study is a pneumatic robotic arm and all associated hardware. The goal is to create and optimize a system using a single piston and small compressor while maintaining effective control of the arm. Both a PID controller and a Fuzzy Logic controller were used to control the same system for the same set of tests. After PID control design approach is briefly discussed, Fuzzy Logic Controller system details, experimental setup and results are discussed for various motion profiles. Finally, the effectiveness of a traditional PID controller is compared to the effectiveness of a fuzzy logic controller.
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el Mouhandiz, Abdel-Ali, and Job Bokhorst. "Analysis and Offshore Support for the Float-Over of a 24,250mT Topsides on the North West Shelf." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10376.
Full textAbstract:
In April 2012 Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) successfully performed the float-over of the North Rankin B topsides. With a weight of 24,250mT it is the heaviest deck installed in a single piece in the harsh offshore environment of Australia’s North West Shelf to date. During years of preparations extensive hydrodynamic analyses have been undertaken to achieve design loads, optimize the float-over equipment and ultimately determine operability limits for the installation. As the float-over analysis contains various components with non-linear characteristics (e.g. fenders, leg mating units, mooring lines), a non-linear problem solving approach was used. The selected analysis tools use an efficient time step integration enabling a large number of simulations to be run. The strong non-linearity of the system requires a Monte Carlo simulation to obtain statistically reliable results. The numerical model included purpose built modules for the float-over equipment (such as LMUs) taking into account relevant details and project specific geometries. Available data from model tests was used in calibration and validation of the model. Towards the offshore execution phase, the limiting combinations of wind sea and swell waves were identified. Forthese combinations the system response remained (just) within its ‘Not To Exceed’ values. During the offshore operation, prior to the actual float-over, the spectral wave conditions, wind and current were constantly monitored to validate the forecasts. Also the barge motions were measured and compared against results from the numerical models. This was used in support of the final decision to proceed with the float-over operation.
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Camporeale, S. M., B. Fortunato, and M. Mastrovito. "A High-Fidelity Real-Time Simulation Code of Gas Turbine Dynamics for Control Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30039.
Full textAbstract:
A novel high-fidelity real-time simulation code based on a lumped, non-linear representation of gas turbine components is presented. The aim of the work is to develop a general-purpose simulation code useful for setting up and testing control equipments. The mathematical model and the numerical procedure are specially developed in order to efficiently solve the set of algebraic and ordinary differential equations that describe the dynamic behavior of the gas turbine engine. The paper presents the model and the adopted solver procedure. The code, developed in Matlab-Simulink using an object-oriented approach, is flexible and can be easily adapted to any kind of plant configuration. For high-fidelity purposes, the mathematical model takes into account the actual composition of the working gases and the variation of the specific heats with the temperature, including a stage-by-stage model of the air-cooled expansion. Simulation tests of the transients after load rejection have been carried out for a single-shaft heavy-duty gas turbine and a double-shaft industrial engine. Time plots of the main variables that describe the gas turbine dynamic behavior are shown and the results regarding the computational time per time step are discussed.