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Journal articles on the topic 'Single spike firing and burst firing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Eggermont, J. J., G. M. Smith, and D. Bowman. "Spontaneous burst firing in cat primary auditory cortex: age and depth dependence and its effect on neural interaction measures." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 4 (1993): 1292–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.4.1292.

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1. Neural activity was recorded with two independent electrodes separated by 0.5-2 mm, aligned in parallel, and advanced perpendicular to the surface of the cat auditory cortex. Because the experiments were part of a study into laminar interaction the difference in recording depths for the two independently movable electrodes was never > 100 microns. Multi-unit activity on each electrode was separated on-line into single-unit spike-trains with a maximum variance spike sorting algorithm. Off-line controls on the quality of the spike-train separation were routinely performed. The first aim of

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2

Bowman, D. M., J. J. Eggermont, and G. M. Smith. "Effect of stimulation on burst firing in cat primary auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 1841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.1841.

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1. Neural activity was recorded extracellularly with two independent microelectrodes aligned in parallel and advanced perpendicular to isofrequency sheets in cat primary auditory cortex. Multiunit activity was separated into single-unit spike trains using a maximum variance spike sorting algorithm. Only units that demonstrated a high quality of sorting and a minimum spontaneous firing rate of 0.2 spikes/s were considered for analysis. The primary aim of this study was to describe the effect of periodic click train and broadband noise stimulation on short-time-scale (< or = 50 ms) bursts in

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3

Kim, J. H., S. Ohara, and F. A. Lenz. "Mental Arithmetic Leads to Multiple Discrete Changes From Baseline in the Firing Patterns of Human Thalamic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 4 (2009): 2107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91087.2008.

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Primate thalamic action potential bursts associated with low-threshold spikes (LTS) occur during waking sensory and motor activity. We now test the hypothesis that different firing and LTS burst characteristics occur during quiet wakefulness (spontaneous condition) versus mental arithmetic (counting condition). This hypothesis was tested by thalamic recordings during the surgical treatment of tremor. Across all neurons and epochs, preburst interspike intervals (ISIs) were bimodal at median values, consistent with the duration of type A and type B γ-aminobutyric acid inhibitory postsynaptic pot

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Schwindt, Peter, and Wayne Crill. "Mechanisms Underlying Burst and Regular Spiking Evoked by Dendritic Depolarization in Layer 5 Cortical Pyramidal Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1341.

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Mechanisms underlying burst and regular spiking evoked by dendritic depolarization in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons. Apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal cells in a slice preparation of rat sensorimotor cortex were depolarized focally by long-lasting glutamate iontophoresis while recording intracellularly from their soma. In most cells the firing pattern evoked by the smallest dendritic depolarization that evoked spikes consisted of repetitive bursts of action potentials. During larger dendritic depolarizations initial burst firing was followed by regular spiking. As dendritic depolariza

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Liu, Yudan, Meghan Harding, Andrea Pittman, et al. "Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L-type calcium channels regulate dopaminergic firing activity in the mouse ventral tegmental area." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 5 (2014): 1119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00757.2013.

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Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) constitute the mesolimbocortical system that underlies addiction and psychosis primarily as a result of increased dopaminergic transmission. Dopamine release is spike dependent. L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) play an important role in regulating firing activities, but the contribution of specific subtypes remains unclear. This article describes different functions of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 subtypes in regulating firing properties with two transgenic mouse strains. For basal firing, Cav1.3-deficient (Cav1.3−/−) mice had a lower basal fi

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He, Jufang, and Bin Hu. "Differential Distribution of Burst and Single-Spike Responses in Auditory Thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 4 (2002): 2152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.2152.

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The medial geniculate body (MGB) of the auditory thalamus comprises lemniscal and nonlemniscal neurons that project to the primary auditory cortex and limbic structures, respectively. Here we show that in anesthetized guinea pigs, MGB responses to a noise-burst stimulus exhibit distinct and synaptic pathway-specific firing patterns. The majority of nonlemniscal MGB cells exhibited bursting responses, whereas lemniscal neurons discharged mainly single or spike doublets. The burst firing is delayed in nonlemniscal neurons and exhibited several features that are characteristics of those mediated

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7

Grubb, Matthew S., and Ian D. Thompson. "Visual Response Properties of Burst and Tonic Firing in the Mouse Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 6 (2005): 3224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00445.2004.

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Thalamic relay cells fire action potentials in two modes: burst and tonic. Previous studies in cats have shown that these two modes are associated with significant differences in the visual information carried by spikes in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Here we describe the visual response properties of burst and tonic firing in the mouse dLGN. Extracellular recordings of activity in single geniculate cells were performed under halothane and nitrous oxide anesthesia in vivo. After confirming that the criteria used to isolate burst spikes from these recordings identify firing eve

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8

Komendantov, Alexander O., and Carmen C. Canavier. "Electrical Coupling Between Model Midbrain Dopamine Neurons: Effects on Firing Pattern and Synchrony." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 3 (2002): 1526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00255.2001.

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The role of gap junctions between midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in mechanisms of firing pattern generation and synchronization has not been well characterized experimentally. We modified a multi-compartment model of DA neuron by adding a spike-generating mechanism and electrically coupling the dendrites of two such neurons through gap junctions. The burst-generating mechanism in the model neuron results from the interaction of a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced current and the sodium pump. The firing patterns exhibited by the two model neurons included low frequency (2–7 Hz) spiking, high-

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9

Shi, Wei-Xing. "Slow Oscillatory Firing: A Major Firing Pattern of Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 5 (2005): 3516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00317.2005.

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Using spectral analysis and in vivo single-unit recording in rats, the present study revealed a pronounced slow oscillation (SO) in the firing activity of about half the dopamine (DA) neurons recorded in the ventral tegmental area. DA neurons in this group tended to fire repetitive spike clusters, making them appear to be rhythmic bursting cells. However, only some of these burst-like events met the traditional “80/160 ms” burst criteria entirely. The observation that the SO could be found in nonbursting DA cells, occurred at frequencies different from those of bursts, and persisted after burs

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Nishimura, Yoshihiro, Masaru Asahi, Koichi Saitoh, et al. "Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Burst Firing of Layer III Sensorimotor Cortical Neurons of the Cat: An In Vitro Slice Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 2 (2001): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.771.

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We examined the ionic mechanisms underlying burst firing in layer III neurons from cat sensorimotor cortex by intracellular recording in a brain slice. Regular spiking was observed in 77.4% of 137 neurons in response to constant intracellular current pulses of 0.5- to 1-s duration. The rest of the neurons showed burst firing. An initial burst followed by regular-spike firing was seen in 71.0% of 31 bursting neurons. The rest of the bursting neurons ( n = 9) exhibited repetitive bursting. In the bursting neurons, spikes comprising the burst were triggered from the afterdepolarization (ADP) of t

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Snider, R. K., J. F. Kabara, B. R. Roig, and A. B. Bonds. "Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 2 (1998): 730–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.730.

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Snider, R. K., J. F. Kabara, B. R. Roig, and A. B. Bonds. Burst firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsynaptic cells. Multiunit recordings were dissected into the activity of individual neurons within the recorded group. Cross-correlation analysis was then used to identify directly coupled neuron pairs. The 22 multiunit groups recorded typically showed activity from two to six neurons, each containing

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Eggermont, Jos J., and Jennifer E. Mossop. "Azimuth Coding in Primary Auditory Cortex of the Cat. I. Spike Synchrony Versus Spike Count Representations." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 4 (1998): 2133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.2133.

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Eggermont, Jos J. and Jennifer E. Mossop. Azimuth coding in primary auditory cortex of the cat. I. Spike synchrony versus spike count representations. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2133–2150, 1998. The neural representation of sound azimuth in auditory cortex most often is considered to be average firing rate, and azimuth tuning curves based thereupon appear to be rather broad. Coincident firings of simultaneously recorded neurons could provide an improved representation of sound azimuth compared with that contained in the firing rate in either of the units. In the present study, a comparison was made

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Deburchgraeve, W., K. Van Damme, T. Adriaensen, A. Spaepen, S. Van Huffel, and J. Taelman. "Detection Algorithm for Single Motor Unit Firing in Surface EMG of the Trapezius Muscle." Methods of Information in Medicine 49, no. 05 (2010): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-02-0042.

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Summary Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) of the neck and the shoulders are a growing problem in society. An interesting pattern of spontaneous muscle activity, the firing of a single motor unit, in the trapezius muscle is observed during a laboratory study in a rest state or a state with a mental load. Objective: In this study, we report on the finding of the single motor unit firing and we present a detection algorithm to localize these single motor unit firings. Methods: A spike train detection algorithm, using a nonlinear energy operator and correlation, is presented

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Komendantov, Alexander O., Olena G. Komendantova, Steven W. Johnson, and Carmen C. Canavier. "A Modeling Study Suggests Complementary Roles for GABAA and NMDA Receptors and the SK Channel in Regulating the Firing Pattern in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 1 (2004): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00062.2003.

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Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vivo exhibit two major firing patterns: single-spike firing and burst firing. The firing pattern expressed is dependent on both the intrinsic properties of the neurons and their excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Experimental data suggest that the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and GABAA receptors is a crucial contributor to the initiation and suppression of burst firing, respectively, and that blocking Ca2+-activated potassium SK channels can facilitate burst firing. A multi-compartmental model of a DA neuron with a branching structure

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15

Dougherty, Kimberly J., Michael A. Sawchuk, and Shawn Hochman. "Properties of Mouse Spinal Lamina I GABAergic Interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 5 (2005): 3221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00184.2005.

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Lamina I is a sensory relay region containing projection cells and local interneurons involved in thermal and nociceptive signaling. These neurons differ in morphology, sensory response modality, and firing characteristics. We examined intrinsic properties of mouse lamina I GABAergic neurons expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). GABAergic neuron identity was confirmed by a high correspondence between GABA immunolabeling and EGFP fluorescence. Morphologies of these EGFP+/GABA+ cells were multipolar (65%), fusiform (31%), and pyramidal (4%). In whole cell recordings, cells fired

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Canavier, C. C., and R. S. Landry. "An Increase in AMPA and a Decrease in SK Conductance Increase Burst Firing by Different Mechanisms in a Model of a Dopamine Neuron In Vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (2006): 2549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00704.2006.

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A stylized, symmetric, compartmental model of a dopamine neuron in vivo shows how rate and pattern can be modulated either concurrently or differentially. If two or more parameters in the model are varied concurrently, the baseline firing rate and the extent of bursting become de-correlated, which provides an explanation for the lack of a tight correlation in vivo and is consistent with some independence of the mechanisms that generate baseline firing rates versus bursts. We hypothesize that most bursts are triggered by a barrage of synaptic input and that particularly meaningful stimuli recru

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17

Beatty, Joseph A., Matthew A. Sullivan, Hitoshi Morikawa, and Charles J. Wilson. "Complex autonomous firing patterns of striatal low-threshold spike interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 3 (2012): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00283.2012.

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During sensorimotor learning, tonically active neurons (TANs) in the striatum acquire bursts and pauses in their firing based on the salience of the stimulus. Striatal cholinergic interneurons display tonic intrinsic firing, even in the absence of synaptic input, that resembles TAN activity seen in vivo. However, whether there are other striatal neurons among the group identified as TANs is unknown. We used transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein under control of neuronal nitric oxide synthase or neuropeptide-Y promoters to aid in identifying low-threshold spike (LTS) interneurons

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Gaskins, Garrett T., and Suzanne M. Moenter. "Orexin A Suppresses Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neuron Activity in the Mouse." Endocrinology 153, no. 8 (2012): 3850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1300.

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GnRH neurons are critical for the central regulation of fertility, integrating steroidal, metabolic and other cues. GnRH neurons appear to lack receptors for many of these cues, suggesting involvement of afferent systems to convey information. Orexin A (orexin) is of interest in this regard as a neuromodulator that up-regulates metabolic activity, increases wakefulness, and affects GnRH/LH release. We examined the electrophysiological response of GnRH neurons to orexin application and how this response changes with estradiol and time of day in a defined animal model. Mice were either ovariecto

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Eggermont, Jos J. "Neural Responses in Primary Auditory Cortex Mimic Psychophysical, Across-Frequency-Channel, Gap-Detection Thresholds." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 3 (2000): 1453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1453.

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Responses of single- and multi-units in primary auditory cortex were recorded for gap-in-noise stimuli for different durations of the leading noise burst. Both firing rate and inter-spike interval representations were evaluated. The minimum detectable gap decreased in exponential fashion with the duration of the leading burst to reach an asymptote for durations of 100 ms. Despite the fact that leading and trailing noise bursts had the same frequency content, the dependence on leading burst duration was correlated with psychophysical estimates of across frequency channel (different frequency co

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Incognito, Anthony V., Milena Samora, Andrew D. Shepherd, et al. "Arterial baroreflex regulation of muscle sympathetic single-unit activity in men: influence of resting blood pressure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 318, no. 4 (2020): H937—H946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00700.2019.

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The arterial baroreflex has dominant control over multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst occurrence, but whether this extends to all single units or is influenced by resting blood pressure status is unclear. In 22 men (32 ± 8 yr), we assessed 68 MSNA single units during sequential bolus injections of nitroprusside and phenylephrine (modified Oxford). Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) was quantified as the weighted negative linear regression slope between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and single-unit spike firing probability and multiple spike firing. Strong negative

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Hains, Bryan C., Carl Y. Saab, and Stephen G. Waxman. "Alterations in Burst Firing of Thalamic VPL Neurons and Reversal by Nav1.3 Antisense After Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (2006): 3343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01009.2005.

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We recently showed that spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) at the thoracic level induces pain-related behaviors and increased spontaneous discharges, hyperresponsiveness to innocuous and noxious peripheral stimuli, and enlarged receptive fields in neurons in the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus. These changes are linked to the abnormal expression of Nav1.3, a rapidly repriming voltage-gated sodium channel. In this study, we examined the burst firing properties of VPL neurons after SCI. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent contusion SCI at the T9 level. Four weeks later,

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Czubayko, Uwe, Fahad Sultan, Peter Thier, and Cornelius Schwarz. "Two Types of Neurons in the Rat Cerebellar Nuclei as Distinguished by Membrane Potentials and Intracellular Fillings." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 5 (2001): 2017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.2017.

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Classically, three classes of neurons in the cerebellar nuclei (CN), defined by different projection targets and content of transmitters, have been distinguished. However, evidence for different types of neurons based on different intrinsic properties is lacking. The present study reports two types of neurons defined mainly by their intrinsic properties, as determined by whole-cell patch recordings. The majority of cells (type I, n = 63) showed cyclic burst firing whereas a small subset (type II, n = 7) did not. Burst firing was used to distinguish the two types of neurons because, as it turne

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Fitch, Thomas E., Robert N. Sahr, Brian J. Eastwood, Feng C. Zhou, and Charles R. Yang. "Dopamine D1/5 Receptor Modulation of Firing Rate and Bidirectional Theta Burst Firing in Medial Septal/Vertical Limb of Diagonal Band Neurons In Vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 5 (2006): 2808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01210.2005.

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The medial septum/vertical limb of diagonal band complex (MS/vDB) consists of cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons that project to the hippocampus and functionally regulate attention, memory, and cognitive processes. Using tyrosine hydroxlase (TH) immunocytochemistry and dark-field light microscopy, we found that the MS/vDB is innervated by a sparse network of TH-immunoreactive (putative catecholaminergic) terminals. MS/vDB neurons are known to fire in rhythmic theta burst frequency of 3–7 Hz to pace hippocampal theta rhythm. Extracellular single-unit recording in theta and non-th

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Hiraba, K., M. Taira, Y. Sahara, and Y. Nakamura. "Single-unit activity in bulbar reticular formation during food ingestion in chronic cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 60, no. 4 (1988): 1333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.60.4.1333.

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1. Single-unit activity was recorded from 215 neurons in the medial bulbar reticular formation during the masticatory sequence, from intake to deglutition, of 3 kinds of food (cat food pellets, canned fish, and milk) in 8 chronically prepared, unanesthetized, spontaneously respiring cats with their head fixed to a stereotaxic apparatus without pain or pressure. The firing patterns were compared to the simultaneously recorded EMGs of the jaw-closing and -opening muscles and to the jaw movement. 2. Fifty neurons changed their firing patterns during mastication. Nine neurons increased and one neu

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Beurrier, Corinne, Bernard Bioulac, and Constance Hammond. "Slowly Inactivating Sodium Current (I NaP) Underlies Single-Spike Activity in Rat Subthalamic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 4 (2000): 1951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1951.

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One-half of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons switch from single-spike activity to burst-firing mode according to membrane potential. In an earlier study, the ionic mechanisms of the bursting mode were studied but the ionic currents underlying single-spike activity were not determined. The single-spike mode of activity of STN neurons recorded from acute slices in the current clamp mode is TTX-sensitive but is not abolished by antagonists of ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors, blockers of calcium currents (2 mM cobalt or 40 μM nickel), or intracellular Ca2+ ions chelators. Ton

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McCairn, Kevin W., and Robert S. Turner. "Pallidal stimulation suppresses pathological dysrhythmia in the parkinsonian motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00701.2014.

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Although there is general consensus that deep brain stimulation (DBS) yields substantial clinical benefit in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the therapeutic mechanism of DBS remains a matter of debate. Recent studies demonstrate that DBS targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPi-DBS) suppresses pathological oscillations in firing rate and between-cell spike synchrony in the vicinity of the electrode but has negligible effects on population-level firing rate or the prevalence of burst firing. The present investigation examines the downstream consequences of GPi-DBS at the level of the

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Beurrier, Corinne, Patrice Congar, Bernard Bioulac, and Constance Hammond. "Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons Switch from Single-Spike Activity to Burst-Firing Mode." Journal of Neuroscience 19, no. 2 (1999): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.19-02-00599.1999.

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Booth, Victoria, and Amitabha Bose. "Neural Mechanisms for Generating Rate and Temporal Codes in Model CA3 Pyramidal Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 6 (2001): 2432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2432.

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The effect of synaptic inhibition on burst firing of a two-compartment model of a CA3 pyramidal cell is considered. We show that, depending on its timing, a short dose of fast decaying synaptic inhibition can either delay or advance the timing of firing of subsequent bursts. Moreover, increasing the strength of the inhibitory input is shown to modulate the burst profile from a full complex burst, to a burst with multiple spikes, to single spikes. We additionally show how slowly decaying inhibitory input can be used to synchronize a network of pyramidal cells. Implications for the phase precess

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Knowlton, Christopher, Sylvie Kutterer, Jochen Roeper, and Carmen C. Canavier. "Calcium dynamics control K-ATP channel-mediated bursting in substantia nigra dopamine neurons: a combined experimental and modeling study." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 1 (2018): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00351.2017.

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Burst firing in medial substantia nigra (mSN) dopamine (DA) neurons has been selectively linked to novelty-induced exploration behavior in mice. Burst firing in mSN DA neurons, in contrast to lateral SN DA neurons, requires functional ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels both in vitro and in vivo. However, the precise role of K-ATP channels in promoting burst firing is unknown. We show experimentally that L-type calcium channel activity in mSN DA neurons enhances open probability of K-ATP channels. We then generate a mathematical model to study the role of Ca2+ dynamics driving K-ATP chann

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Guo, Xinmeng, Haitao Yu, Nathan X. Kodama, Jiang Wang, and Roberto F. Galán. "Fluctuation Scaling of Neuronal Firing and Bursting in Spontaneously Active Brain Circuits." International Journal of Neural Systems 30, no. 01 (2019): 1950017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065719500175.

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We employed high-density microelectrode arrays to investigate spontaneous firing patterns of neurons in brain circuits of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in mice. We recorded from over 150 neurons for 10[Formula: see text]min in each of eight different experiments, identified their location in S1, sorted their action potentials (spikes), and computed their power spectra and inter-spike interval (ISI) statistics. Of all persistently active neurons, 92% fired with a single dominant frequency — regularly firing neurons (RNs) — from 1 to 8[Formula: see text]Hz while 8% fired in burst with tw

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Dougherty, Patrick M., and Jinghong Chen. "Relationship of membrane properties, spike burst responses, laminar location, and functional class of dorsal horn neurons recorded in vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 3 (2016): 1137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00187.2016.

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The input-output and discharge properties of neurons are shaped by both passive and active electrophysiological membrane properties. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings in lamina I–III neurons in an isolated preparation of the whole spinal cord of juvenile rats with attached dorsal roots and dorsal root ganglia were used to further define which of these properties provides the most impactful classification strategy. A total of 95 neurons were recorded in segment L5 and were classified based on the responses to L4 dorsal root stimulation. The results showed that high-threshold and silent neurons

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Chen, Li, and Daniel J. Lodge. "The lateral mesopontine tegmentum regulates both tonic and phasic activity of VTA dopamine neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 10 (2013): 2287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00307.2013.

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Anatomic studies have demonstrated that the mesolimbic dopamine system receives a substantial afferent input from a variety of regions ranging from the prefrontal cortex through to the brain stem. However, how these afferents regulate dopamine neuron activity is still largely unknown. The mesopontine tegmentum provides a significant input to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons, and it has been demonstrated that discrete subdivisions within this region differentially alter dopamine neuron activity. Thus the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus provides a tonic input essential for maintainin

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Hoffer, J. A., N. Sugano, G. E. Loeb, W. B. Marks, M. J. O'Donovan, and C. A. Pratt. "Cat hindlimb motoneurons during locomotion. II. Normal activity patterns." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 2 (1987): 530–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.2.530.

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Activity patterns were recorded from 51 motoneurons in the fifth lumbar ventral root of cats walking on a motorized treadmill at a range of speeds between 0.1 and 1.3 m/s. The muscle of destination of recorded motoneurons was identified by spike-triggered averaging of EMG recordings from each of the anterior thigh muscles. Forty-three motoneurons projected to one of the quadriceps (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, or rectus femoris) or sartorius (anterior or medial) muscles of the anterior thigh. Anterior thigh motoneurons always discharged a single burst of action potent

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Kyogoku, I., S. Matsuura, and M. Kuno. "Generator potentials and spike initiation in auditory fibers of goldfish." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 2 (1986): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.2.244.

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Responses were recorded extra- or intracellularly from single, small afferent fibers of the goldfish saccule, that is, S2 fibers, to clarify how the spontaneous and sound-evoked firings in these fibers are initiated from generator potentials. Spontaneously active units randomly selected from the saccular nerve of five goldfish (total 78 units) were classified by the coefficient of variation (CV) of interspike intervals into irregular (59 units; CV greater than 0.3), intermediate (10 units), and regular types (9 units; CV less than 0.23). The irregular type showed a burst (38 units) or random (

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Baufreton, Jérôme, Maurice Garret, Sandra Dovero, Bernard Dufy, Bernard Bioulac, and Anne Taupignon. "Activation of GABAA Receptors in Subthalamic Neurons In Vitro: Properties of Native Receptors and Inhibition Mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 1 (2001): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.75.

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) influences the output of the basal ganglia, thereby interfering with motor behavior. The main inputs to the STN are GABAergic. We characterized the GABAA receptors expressed in the STN and investigated the response of subthalamic neurons to the activation of GABAA receptors. Cell-attached and whole cell recordings were made from rat brain slices using the patch-clamp technique. The newly identified ε subunit confers atypical pharmacological properties on recombinant receptors, which are insensitive to barbiturates and benzodiazepines. We tested the hypothesis that

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Medlock, Laura, Lauren Shute, Mark Fry, Dominic Standage, and Alastair V. Ferguson. "Ionic mechanisms underlying tonic and burst firing behavior in subfornical organ neurons: a combined experimental and modeling study." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (2018): 2269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00340.2018.

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Subfornical organ (SFO) neurons exhibit heterogeneity in current expression and spiking behavior, where the two major spiking phenotypes appear as tonic and burst firing. Insight into the mechanisms behind this heterogeneity is critical for understanding how the SFO, a sensory circumventricular organ, integrates and selectively influences physiological function. To integrate efficient methods for studying this heterogeneity, we built a single-compartment, Hodgkin-Huxley-type model of an SFO neuron that is parameterized by SFO-specific in vitro patch-clamp data. The model accounts for the membr

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Thaweerattanasinp, Theeradej, Charles J. Heckman, and Vicki M. Tysseling. "Firing characteristics of deep dorsal horn neurons after acute spinal transection during administration of agonists for 5-HT1B/1D and NMDA receptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 4 (2016): 1644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00198.2016.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a loss of serotonin (5-HT) to the spinal cord and a loss of inhibition to deep dorsal horn (DDH) neurons, which produces an exaggerated excitatory drive to motoneurons. The mechanism of this excitatory drive could involve the DDH neurons triggering long excitatory postsynaptic potentials in motoneurons, which may ultimately drive muscle spasms. Modifying the activity of DDH neurons with drugs such as NMDA or the 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist zolmitriptan could have a large effect on motoneuron activity and, therefore, on muscle spasms. In this study, we charact

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GRZYWACZ, NORBERTO M., and EVELYNE SERNAGOR. "Spontaneous activity in developing turtle retinal ganglion cells: Statistical analysis." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (2000): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800172050.

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We report on the temporal properties of the spontaneous bursts of activity in the developing turtle retina. Quantitative statistical criteria were used to detect, cluster, and analyze the temporal properties of the bursts. The interburst interval, duration, firing rate, and number of spikes per burst varied widely among cells and from burst to burst in a single cell. Part of this variability was due to the positive correlation between a burst's duration and the interburst interval preceding that burst. This correlation indicated the influence of a refractory period on the bursts' properties. F

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McCormick, D. A., and H. R. Feeser. "Functional implications of burst firing and single spike activity in lateral geniculate relay neurons." Neuroscience 39, no. 1 (1990): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(90)90225-s.

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Goldberg, Jesse H., and Michale S. Fee. "Singing-Related Neural Activity Distinguishes Four Classes of Putative Striatal Neurons in the Songbird Basal Ganglia." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 4 (2010): 2002–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01038.2009.

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The striatum—the primary input nucleus of the basal ganglia—plays a major role in motor control and learning. Four main classes of striatal neuron are thought to be essential for normal striatal function: medium spiny neurons, fast-spiking interneurons, cholinergic tonically active neurons, and low-threshold spiking interneurons. However, the nature of the interaction of these neurons during behavior is poorly understood. The songbird area X is a specialized striato-pallidal basal ganglia nucleus that contains two pallidal cell types as well as the same four cell types found in the mammalian s

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Dekin, M. S., and P. A. Getting. "In vitro characterization of neurons in the ventral part of the nucleus tractus solitarius. II. Ionic basis for repetitive firing patterns." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 1 (1987): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.1.215.

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1. The ventral part of the nucleus tractus solitarius in guinea pigs comprises the dorsal respiratory group and is composed of three classes of neurons. These have been termed types I, II, and III. Each cell type possesses a unique set of repetitive firing properties. An in vitro brain stem slice preparation was used to study the ionic basis for these repetitive firing properties. 2. Three different membrane currents were shown to contribute to the repetitive firing properties. These were: a slow calcium current (ICa), an early, transient potassium current (IKA), and a calcium-activated potass

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Bevan, M. D., P. J. Magill, N. E. Hallworth, J. P. Bolam, and C. J. Wilson. "Regulation of the Timing and Pattern of Action Potential Generation in Rat Subthalamic Neurons In Vitro by GABA-A IPSPs." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 3 (2002): 1348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00582.2001.

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The regulation of activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) by GABAergic inhibition from the reciprocally connected globus pallidus (GP) plays an important role in normal movement and disorders of movement. To determine the precise manner in which GABAergic synaptic input, acting at A-type receptors, influences the firing of STN neurons, we recorded the response of STN neurons to GABA-A inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) that were evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation of the internal capsule using the perforated-patch technique in slices at 37°C. The mean equilibrium potential

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Li, Wei, William M. Doyon, and John A. Dani. "Quantitative unit classification of ventral tegmental area neurons in vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 10 (2012): 2808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00575.2011.

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Neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) synthesize several major neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), GABA, and glutamate. To classify VTA single-unit neural activity from freely moving rats, we used hierarchical agglomerative clustering and probability distributions as quantitative methods. After many parameters were examined, a firing rate of 10 Hz emerged as a transition frequency between clusters of low-firing and high-firing neurons. To form a subgroup identified as high-firing neurons with GABAergic characteristics, the high-firing classification was sorted by spike duration.

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Phares, Gregg A., and John H. Byrne. "Analysis of 5-HT–Induced Short-Term Facilitation at Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapse During Bursts: Increased Synaptic Gain That Does Not Require ERK Activation." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (2005): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01261.2004.

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The 5-HT–induced synaptic plasticity of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses has typically been probed by firing a single presynaptic spike. In this study, 5-HT–induced synaptic plasticity was probed with brief bursts of spikes (10 Hz, 1 s), which are more behaviorally relevant stimuli. Because such bursts provide a greater challenge to the release machinery than single spikes, their use may reveal additional aspects of synaptic modulation, and, in particular, the role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), which has recently been implicated in several examples of short- and long-ter

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Mehaffey, W. Hamish, Fernando R. Fernandez, Leonard Maler, and Ray W. Turner. "Regulation of Burst Dynamics Improves Differential Encoding of Stimulus Frequency by Spike Train Segregation." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 2 (2007): 939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00423.2007.

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Distinguishing between different signals conveyed in a single sensory modality presents a significant problem for sensory processing. The weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus use electrosensory information to encode both low-frequency signals associated with environmental and prey signals and high-frequency communication signals between conspecifics. We identify a mechanism whereby the GABAB component of a feedback pathway to the electrosensory lobe is recruited to regulate the intrinsic burst dynamics and coding properties of pyramidal cells for these behaviorally relevant input sig

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Cleary, Daniel R., Ahmed M. Raslan, Jonathan E. Rubin, et al. "Deep brain stimulation entrains local neuronal firing in human globus pallidus internus." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 4 (2013): 978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00420.2012.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) relieves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, yet the mechanism of action remains uncertain. To address the question of how therapeutic stimulation changes neuronal firing in the human brain, we studied the effects of GPi stimulation on local neurons in unanesthetized patients. Eleven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease consented to participate in neuronal recordings during stimulator implantation surgery. A recording microelectrode and a DBS macroelectrode were advanced through the GPi in parallel

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Lu, S. M., W. Guido, and S. M. Sherman. "Effects of membrane voltage on receptive field properties of lateral geniculate neurons in the cat: contributions of the low-threshold Ca2+ conductance." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 6 (1992): 2185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.6.2185.

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1. Thalamic relay cells, including those of the lateral geniculate nucleus, display a low-threshold spike (LT spike), which is a large depolarization due to an increased Ca2+ conductance. Typically riding the crest of each LT spike is a burst of from two to seven action potentials, which we refer to as the LT burst. The LT spike is voltage dependent, because if the cell's resting membrane potential is more depolarized than roughly -60 mV, the LT spike is inactivated, but if more hyperpolarized, the spike is deinactivated and can be activated by a depolarization, such as from an afferent excita

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Incognito, Anthony V., Connor J. Doherty, Massimo Nardone, et al. "Evidence for differential control of muscle sympathetic single units during mild sympathoexcitation in young, healthy humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 1 (2019): H13—H23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00675.2018.

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Two subpopulations of muscle sympathetic single units with opposite discharge characteristics have been identified during low-level cardiopulmonary baroreflex loading and unloading in middle-aged adults and patients with heart failure. The present study sought to determine whether similar subpopulations are present in young healthy adults during cardiopulmonary baroreflex unloading ( study 1) and rhythmic handgrip exercise ( study 2). Continuous hemodynamic and multiunit and single unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) data were collected at baseline and during nonhypotensive lower bod

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Staff, Nathan P., Hae-Yoon Jung, Tara Thiagarajan, Michael Yao, and Nelson Spruston. "Resting and Active Properties of Pyramidal Neurons in Subiculum and CA1 of Rat Hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 5 (2000): 2398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2398.

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Action potentials are the end product of synaptic integration, a process influenced by resting and active neuronal membrane properties. Diversity in these properties contributes to specialized mechanisms of synaptic integration and action potential firing, which are likely to be of functional significance within neural circuits. In the hippocampus, the majority of subicular pyramidal neurons fire high-frequency bursts of action potentials, whereas CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibit regular spiking behavior when subjected to direct somatic current injection. Using patch-clamp recordings from morphol

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Elam, Mikael, and Vaughan Macefield. "Multiple firing of single muscle vasoconstrictor neurons during cardiac dysrhythmias in human heart failure." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 2 (2001): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.717.

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Single vasoconstrictor nerve fibers in humans normally fire only once but have the capacity to fire as many as eight times, per cardiac interval. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that the mean firing frequency of individual vasoconstrictor fibers is more than doubled in the sympathoexcitation associated with congestive heart failure (Macefield VG, Rundqvist B, Sverrisdottir YB, Wallin BG, and Elam M. Circulation 100: 1708–1713, 1999). However, the propensity to fire only once per cardiac interval was retained. In the present retrospective study, we tested the hypothesis that vasoconstricto

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