Academic literature on the topic 'Single Synthesizing Methods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Single Synthesizing Methods"
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Srakaew, K., J. Phrompao, and W. Anukool. "Experimental apparatus and methods for synthesizing 1D single-atom array." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1380 (November 2019): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1380/1/012059.
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Wolery, Mark, Matthew Busick, Brian Reichow, and Erin E. Barton. "Comparison of Overlap Methods for Quantitatively Synthesizing Single-Subject Data." Journal of Special Education 44, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466908328009.
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Casellas, Daniel. "Methods for Imaging Renin-Synthesizing, -Storing, and -Secreting Cells." International Journal of Hypertension 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/298747.
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Renin-producing cells have been the object of intense research efforts for the past fifty years within the field of hypertension. Two decades ago, research focused on the concept and characterization of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Early morphological studies led to the concept of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, a minute organ that links tubulovascular structures and function at the single nephron level. The kidney, thus, appears as a highly “topological organ” in which anatomy and function are intimately linked. This point is reflected by a concurrent and constant development of functional and structural approaches. After summarizing our current knowledge about renin cells and their distribution along the renal vascular tree, particularly along glomerular afferent arterioles, we reviewed a variety of imaging techniques that permit a fine characterization of renin synthesis, storage, and release at the single-arteriolar, -cell, or -granule level. Powerful tools such as multiphoton microscopy and transgenesis bear the promises of future developments of the field.
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Feher, Frank J., Daravong Soulivong, and Frank Nguyen. "Practical methods for synthesizing four incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes from a single R8Si8O12 framework." Chemical Communications, no. 12 (1998): 1279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a802670j.
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Hao, Min, Jianjun Qiao, and Hao Qi. "Current and Emerging Methods for the Synthesis of Single-Stranded DNA." Genes 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020116.
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Methods for synthesizing arbitrary single-strand DNA (ssDNA) fragments are rapidly becoming fundamental tools for gene editing, DNA origami, DNA storage, and other applications. To meet the rising application requirements, numerous methods have been developed to produce ssDNA. Some approaches allow the synthesis of freely chosen user-defined ssDNA sequences to overcome the restrictions and limitations of different length, purity, and yield. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the representative ssDNA production strategies and their most significant challenges to enable the readers to make informed choices of synthesis methods and enhance the availability of increasingly inexpensive synthetic ssDNA. We also aim to stimulate a broader interest in the continued development of efficient ssDNA synthesis techniques and improve their applications in future research.
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Dalay, B. S., V. S. Medvedev, and T. A. Romanova. "Synthesizing Control Systems for Multi-Degree of Freedom Manipulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 210, no. 1 (February 1996): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_435_02.
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Methods of analysing single input and single output control systems are well established (1). The same is not true of techniques for solving problems involving multi-inputs and multi-outputs. Such problems arise when controlling manipulators having many degrees of freedom. In this paper techniques of control system synthesis for manipulator mechanisms are considered. The method is based on locating the roots of the characteristic equation to give the desired dynamic properties for every link's servo system in the mechanism. Each link is treated independently. Simple examples to illustrate the method are presented.
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Zhang, Jing, Chia-Wen Ko, Lei Nie, Yong Chen, and Ram Tiwari. "Bayesian hierarchical methods for meta-analysis combining randomized-controlled and single-arm studies." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 5 (February 13, 2018): 1293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218754928.
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Meta-analysis of interventions usually relies on randomized controlled trials. However, when the dominant source of information comes from single-arm studies, or when the results from randomized controlled trials lack generalization due to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, it is vital to synthesize both sources of evidence. One challenge of synthesizing both sources is that single-arm studies are usually less reliable than randomized controlled trials due to selection bias and confounding factors. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical framework for the purpose of bias reduction and efficiency gain. Under this framework, three methods are proposed: bivariate generalized linear mixed effects models, hierarchical power prior model and hierarchical commensurate prior model. Design difference and potential biases are considered in all models, within which the hierarchical power prior and hierarchical commensurate prior models further offer to downweight single-arm studies flexibly. The hierarchical commensurate prior model is recommended as the primary method for evidence synthesis because of its accuracy and robustness. We illustrate our methods by applying all models to two motivating datasets and evaluate their performance through simulation studies. We finish with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of our methods, as well as directions for future research in this area.
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Bloem, Roderick, Goerschwin Fey, Fabian Greif, Robert Könighofer, Ingo Pill, Heinz Riener, and Franz Röck. "Synthesizing adaptive test strategies from temporal logic specifications." Formal Methods in System Design 55, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 103–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10703-019-00338-9.
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Abstract Constructing good test cases is difficult and time-consuming, especially if the system under test is still under development and its exact behavior is not yet fixed. We propose a new approach to compute test strategies for reactive systems from a given temporal logic specification using formal methods. The computed strategies are guaranteed to reveal certain simple faults in every realization of the specification and for every behavior of the uncontrollable part of the system’s environment. The proposed approach supports different assumptions on occurrences of faults (ranging from a single transient fault to a persistent fault) and by default aims at unveiling the weakest one. We argue that such tests are also sensitive for more complex bugs. Since the specification may not define the system behavior completely, we use reactive synthesis algorithms with partial information. The computed strategies are adaptive test strategies that react to behavior at runtime. We work out the underlying theory of adaptive test strategy synthesis and present experiments for a safety-critical component of a real-world satellite system. We demonstrate that our approach can be applied to industrial specifications and that the synthesized test strategies are capable of detecting bugs that are hard to detect with random testing.
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Baker, J. E. "Using the Single Reciprocal Screw to Confirm Mobility of a Six-Revolute Linkage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 10 (April 22, 2010): 2247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2062.
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Overconstrained kinematic chains have been discovered mostly by analytical or geometrical means or through a synthesizing procedure. In a few instances they have succumbed to computer-aided methods, and those solutions can, in effect, be reduced to a single one. This loop, of six revolutes, is described by parametric conditions that provide little information about its physical make-up. The existence of a lone screw reciprocal to the system defined by the loop's joint screws is the basis here for demonstrating analytically the linkage's mobility and determining its mode of assembly. In addition, it is shown that seven new linkages can be developed from this solution as isomeric variants.
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Wang, Dingquan, and Jason Eisner. "The Galactic Dependencies Treebanks: Getting More Data by Synthesizing New Languages." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (December 2016): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00113.
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We release Galactic Dependencies 1.0—a large set of synthetic languages not found on Earth, but annotated in Universal Dependencies format. This new resource aims to provide training and development data for NLP methods that aim to adapt to unfamiliar languages. Each synthetic treebank is produced from a real treebank by stochastically permuting the dependents of nouns and/or verbs to match the word order of other real languages. We discuss the usefulness, realism, parsability, perplexity, and diversity of the synthetic languages. As a simple demonstration of the use of Galactic Dependencies, we consider single-source transfer, which attempts to parse a real target language using a parser trained on a “nearby” source language. We find that including synthetic source languages somewhat increases the diversity of the source pool, which significantly improves results for most target languages.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Single Synthesizing Methods"
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Akbulut, Yagmur. "Autonomous Resource Allocation in Clouds: A Comprehensive Analysis of Single Synthesizing Criterion and Outranking Based Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Methods." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5579.
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Cloud computing is an emerging trend where clients are billed for services on a pay-per-use basis. Service level agreements define the formal negotiations between the clients and the service providers on common metrics such as processing power, memory and bandwidth. In the case of service level agreement violations, the service provider is penalised. From service provider's point of view, providing cloud services efficiently within the negotiated metrics is an important problem. Particularly, in large-scale data center settings, manual administration for resource allocation is not a feasible option. Service providers aim to maximize resource utilization in the data center, as well as, avoiding service level agreement violations. On the other hand, from the client's point of view, the cloud must continuously ensure enough resources to the changing workloads of hosted application environments and services. Therefore, an autonomous cloud manager that is capable of dynamically allocating resources in order to satisfy both the client and the service provider's requirements emerges as a necessity.
In this thesis, we focus on the autonomous resource allocation in cloud computing environments. A distributed resource consolidation manager for clouds, called IMPROMPTU, was introduced in our previous studies. IMPROMPTU adopts a threshold based reactive design where each unique physical machine is coupled with an autonomous node agent that manages resource consolidation independently from the rest of the autonomous node agents. In our previous studies, IMPROMPTU demonstrated the viability of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to provide resource consolidation management that simultaneously achieves lower numbers of reconfiguration events and service level agreement violations under the management of three well-known outranking-based methods called PROMETHEE II, ELECTRE III and PAMSSEM II. The interesting question of whether more efficient single synthesizing criterion and outranking based MCDA methods exist was left open for research. This thesis addresses these limitations by analysing the capabilities of IMPROMPTU using a comprehensive set of single synthesizing criterion and outranking based MCDA methods in the context of dynamic resource allocation. The performances of PROMETHEE II, ELECTRE III, PAMSSEM II, REGIME, ORESTE, QUALIFEX, AHP and SMART are investigated by in-depth analysis of simulation results. Most importantly, the question of what denotes the properties of good MCDA methods for this problem domain is answered.Graduate
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Books on the topic "Single Synthesizing Methods"
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Ehrlich, Benjamin. Cajal and Dream Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619619.003.0003.
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Cajal published a total of about three hundred and fifty scientific articles. The majority of these are concerned with the structure of the nervous system, six of them are on the subject of psychology, and only a single one is on dreaming. Although he did not value the content of dreams, Cajal was fascinated by their neurobiological mechanisms. During sleep, the cells throughout the brain that are hyperactive during daytime operations—especially those responsible for “the critical faculty”—are exhausted and rest; meanwhile, the fresh cells that store unused impressions are free to perform their gymnastics, randomly synthesizing their impulses. Through analysis of thousands of dreams through visual dreaming in a technique he referred to as “the introspective method,” he concluded that there was no involvement from any cells in the retina. This avant-garde finding reflects our contemporary thinking about dreaming.
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Mevorach, Irit. The Future of Cross-Border Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.001.0001.
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This book interrogates the current cross-border insolvency regime and sets out a pattern to improve its future. In recent decades, and especially since the global financial crisis, a number of important initiatives have focused on developing effective solutions for managing the insolvency of multinational enterprises and financial institutions. This book takes stock of the varying success of previous policy, and identifies the gaps and biases that could be bridged by employing a range of strategies. The book first sets out the theoretical debates regarding cross-border insolvency and surveys the strengths and weaknesses of the prevailing method, ‘modified universalism’, synthesizing divergences into a rubric for both commercial entities and financial institutions. Adhering to these norms more robustly, the book argues, would enhance global welfare and produce the best outcomes for businesses and institutions. Drawing upon sources from international law as well as behavioural and economic theory, the book considers how to translate modified universalism into binding international law, how to choose the right instrument for cross-border insolvency, the impact instrument design has on decisions and choices, and the means to encourage compliance. In particular, the book proposes measures that could potentially overcome, or at least take into account, behavioural biases in decision-making in order to create a system that works for businesses, and offers a blueprint for the future of cross-border insolvency.
Book chapters on the topic "Single Synthesizing Methods"
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Ma, Wangjing, Bonan Liu, Duanda Wang, Jun Zhao, Lu Zhang, and Lei Zhang. "Catalytic Isomerization of Olefins and Theirs Derivatives: A Brief Overview." In Alkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99076.
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Carbon–carbon double bond (CCDB) isomerization is a method for synthesizing new organic compounds from olefins and their derivatives, which was based on C=C migration along carbon chain and cis/trans transform, and it plays a vital role in the fields of organic synthesis, synthesis of daily chemicals, raw oil’s development and synthesis of natural products and so on. In this paper, advances of five types of catalytic methods for CCDB of olefins and their derivatives since the 1960s were discussed in detail; Based on his recent work, the author mainly introduces the application and development of photocatalysis in CCDB of olefins and their derivatives.
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Bhat, P. Ishwara. "Doctrinal Legal Research as a Means of Synthesizing Facts, Thoughts, and Legal Principles." In Idea and Methods of Legal Research, 143–68. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493098.003.0005.
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Doctrinal legal research (DLR) is a predominant method employed by various classes of legal researchers. It involves rigorous analysis and creative synthesis of multiple doctrinal strands. Doctrines are central to juridical treatment of concepts. Since legal propositions have roots in economic, social, political, and psychological factors, an inter-disciplinary approach becomes essential. Because of the need to overarch changing values, social mores, and economic factors, doctrinal research collaborates with historical, comparative, analytical, and philosophical methods of research. DLR has a long history and definite procedure. Adoption of required steps systematises DLR. It has received criticism for excessively relying on concepts rather than social inputs; for ignoring the empirical techniques; for concentrating only on court decisions or legal rules. It differs from non-doctrinal legal research in the matter of data, venue of research, and time and money utilised. Because of social character of law there is need for collaboration between DLR and NDLR for positive outcome.
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Torrieri, Nancy K., and Michael R. Ratcliffe. "Applied Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0047.
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Applied geographers solve problems that inform decision-making and policy. The problems most often arise in government or the private sector, require practical, rapid, and cost-effective solutions, and are usually client-driven. Often, government or the private sector funds the research of applied geographers, and the research results have specific and usually current implications for government policies and programs or business strategies. Applied geographers use techniques, tools, methods, and concepts from the discipline of geography, but borrow liberally from other disciplines as necessary. This approach is well suited to solving problems that have multiple, not merely spatial, dimensions. As a subdiscipline of geography, applied geography has an ill-defined niche. Is applied geography a subdiscipline similar to biogeography, geomorphology, or economic geography? Or does it occupy an intermediary position within the discipline, synthesizing concepts from various subdisciplines? A certain ambiguity exists as to the point of origin of applied geography as a subdiscipline as well as whether it is even a distinct subdiscipline within geography (Hart 1989). The nature of applied geography has been a staple topic of discussion in professional papers and applied geography texts. Such discussions tend to focus on applied geography’s role within the discipline and what differentiates applied geographers from other geographers. Kenzer (1989) provides an excellent and lively account, in part noting that aspects of the discussion are bound up in the historic differences between academic and non-academic (professional) geographers. Kenzer and the contributors to the volume he edited provide plenty of grist for discussion. Over the past twenty years considerable interest has been attracted toward this discussion. In particular, we draw attention to work by Frazier (1982), Kenzer (1989), Hart (1989), Palm and Brazel (1992), Johnston (1993); Frazier et al. (1995), Harvey (1997), and Golledge et al. (1997) for discussions of the origins, purpose, and focus of applied geography. For the purposes of this review, applied geography is treated as one of many subdisciplines or specialties. Notwithstanding attaining the status of a subdiscipline, however, there is no single body of research that applied geographers can point to as clearly their own.
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França, Reinaldo Padilha, Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro, Rangel Arthur, and Yuzo Iano. "An Overview and Technological Background of Semantic Technologies." In Advanced Concepts, Methods, and Applications in Semantic Computing, 1–21. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6697-8.ch001.
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The Semantic Web concept is an extension of the web obtained by adding semantics to the current data representation format. It is considered a network of correlating meanings. It is the result of a combination of web-based conceptions and technologies and knowledge representation. Since the internet has gone through many changes and steps in its web versions 1.0, 2.0, and Web 3.0, this last call of smart web, the concept of Web 3.0, is to be associated with the Semantic Web, since technological advances have allowed the internet to be present beyond the devices that were made exactly with the intention of receiving the connection, not limited to computers or smartphones since it has the concept of reading, writing, and execution off-screen, performed by machines. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an updated review of Semantic Web and its technologies showing its technological origins and approaching its success relationship with a concise bibliographic background, categorizing and synthesizing the potential of technologies.
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Han, Chang Dae. "Rheology of Immiscible Polymer Blends." In Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 1: Polymer Rheology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187823.003.0017.
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The polymer industry has been challenged to produce new polymeric materials by blending two or more homopolymers or random copolymers or by synthesizing graft copolymers. To meet the challenge, various methods have been explored, namely, (1) by synthesizing a new monomer, polymerizing it, and then blending it with an existing homopolymer or random copolymer, (2) by copolymerizing existing monomers and then blending it with an existing homopolymer or random copolymer, (3) by chemically modifying an existing homopolymer or random copolymer and then blending it with other homopolymers or copolymers already available, or (4) by synthesizing new compatibilizer(s) to improve the mechanical properties of two immiscible homopolymers or random copolymers that otherwise have unacceptable mechanical properties. There are numerous monographs (Cooper and Estes 1979; Han 1984; Paul and Newman 1978; Platzer 1971, 1975; Sperling 1974; Utracki 1990) describing various aspects of polymer blends. In the 1970s, Han and coworkers (Han 1971, 1974; Han and Kim 1975; Han and Yu 1971a, 1971b, 1972; Han et al. 1973, 1975; Kim and Han 1976) conducted seminal experimental studies on the rheology of immiscible polymer blends and related the observed rheological behavior to blend morphology. Independently, in the same period, Vinogradov and coworkers (Ablazova et al. 1975; Brizitsky et al. 1978; Tsebrenko et al. 1974, 1976; Vinogradov et al. 1975) conducted a series of experimental studies relating the blend rheology to blend morphology. Van Oene (1972, 1978) also pursued, independently, experimental studies for a better understanding of rheology–morphology relationships in immiscible polymer blends. Since then, using different polymer pairs, numerous researchers have conducted experimental studies, which were essentially the same as, or very similar to, the previous experimental studies of Han and coworkers, Vinogradov and coworkers, and van Oene in the 1970s. It is fair to state that those studies in the 1980s and 1990s have not revealed any significant new findings.
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Scerri, Eric. "From Missing Elements to Synthetic Elements." In A Tale of Seven Elements. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391312.003.0015.
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The periodic table consists of about ninety elements that occur naturally, ending with element 92, uranium. One or two of the first ninety-two elements are variously reported either as not occurring on Earth or as occurring in miniscule amounts. To add to the complications in drawing a sharp line between natural and synthetic elements, the element technetium was first created artificially and only later found to occur naturally on Earth in minute amounts. As we have seen in previous chapters, chemists and physicists have succeeded in synthesizing some of the elements that were missing between hydrogen (1) and uranium (92), such as promethium and astatine. But in addition, a further twenty-five or so new elements beyond uranium have been synthesized, although again one or two of these, such as neptunium and plutonium, were later found to exist naturally in exceedingly small amounts. At the time of writing, the heaviest element for which there is good experimental evidence is element-118. All other elements between 92 and 118 have also been successfully synthesized including element-117, which was announced in April of 2010. The synthesis of this element means that for the first time, and probably the last, every single space in a contemporary periodic table has been filled, although some of these elements are still awaiting official ratification. The synthesis of any element involves starting with a particular nucleus and subjecting it to bombardment with small particles with the aim of increasing the atomic number and hence changing the identity of the nucleus in question. More recently, the method of synthesis has changed so that two nuclei of considerable weights are made to collide with the aim of forming a larger and heavier nucleus. In a sense in which all these syntheses are descended from a key experiment, conducted by Rutherford and Soddy in 1919 at the University of Manchester, Rutherford and Soddy bombarded nuclei of nitrogen with α particles (helium ions) with the result that the nitrogen nucleus was transformed into that of another element.
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Fields, Gregg B., and Janelle L. Lauer-Fields. "Principles and Practice of Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis." In Synthetic Peptides. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132618.003.0006.
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Peptides play key structural and functional roles in biochemistry, pharmacology, and neurobiology, and are important probes for research in enzymology, immunology, and molecular biology. The amino acid building blocks can be among the 20 genetically encoded L-residues, or else unusual ones, and the sequences can be linear, cyclic, or branched. It follows that rapid, efficient, and reliable methodology for the chemical synthesis of these molecules is of utmost interest. A number of synthetic peptides are significant commercial or pharmaceutical products, ranging from the sweet dipeptide L-Asp-L-Phe-OMe (aspartame) to clinically used hormones such as oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, calcitonin, and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) super-agonists. Synthesis can lead to potent and selective new drugs by judicious substitutions that change functional groups and/or conformations of the parent peptide. These include introduction of N- or C-alkyl substituents, unnatural or D-amino acids, side-chain modifications including sulfate or phosphate groups or carbohydrate moieties, and constraints such as disulfide bridges between half-cystines or side-chain lactams between Lys and Asp or Glu. Commercially important products that evolved from such studies include protease inhibitors, such as captopril and other angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitors, and the somatostatin analog lanreotide. Most of the biologically or medicinally important peptides which are the targets for useful structure-function studies by chemical synthesis comprise under 50 amino acid residues, but occasionally a synthetic approach can lead to important conclusions about small proteins (full or domains) in the 100-200 residue size range. Methods for synthesizing peptides are divided conveniently into two categories: solution (classical) and solid-phase pep tide synthesis (SPPS). The classical methods have evolved since the beginning of the twentieth century, and they are described amply in several reviews and books (Wünsch, 1974; Finn and Hofmann, 1976; Bodanszky and Bodanszky, 1984; Goodman et al, 2001). The solid-phase alternative was conceived and elaborated by R. B. Merrifield beginning in 1959, and has also been covered comprehensively (Erickson and Merrifield, 1976; Birr, 1978; Barany and Merrifield, 1979; Stewart and Young, 1984; Merrifield, 1986; Barany et al., 1987, 1988; Kent, 1988; Atherton and Sheppard, 1989; Fields and Noble, 1990; Barany and Albericio, 1991; Fields et al., 1992; Gutte, 1995; Fields, 1997; Lloyd-Williams et al., 1997; Chan and White, 2000; Kates and Albericio, 2000).
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Saltzman, W. Mark. "Drug Administration and Drug Effectiveness." In Drug Delivery. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0006.
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There is some comfort to thinking of the human body as an elaborate bag of chemicals. Chemicals can be produced; chemicals can be added or replaced; chemicals are (sometimes) inexpensive. In fact, several decades ago, it was widely reported that the chemicals in the human body were worth about $1. Other investigators estimate the value at closer to $6 million (particularly if the chemicals are purchased from scientific suppliers). True dollar value aside, we often imagine that our bodies can be supplemented, mended, and improved through the addition of “missing” chemicals. Perhaps for this reason, the modern practice of healing usually involves medicine, an agent or elixir given as treatment. The new millennium finds us rich in the knowledge of agents; advanced in the art of harvesting or synthesizing remedies; steadfast in the belief that cancer, heart disease, and neurodegeneration will eventually yield to these potions. Our skill in making medicine is far-reaching. Today, it would be difficult to find the person who has not personally experienced the healing force of antibiotics, vaccines, or modern chemotherapy. Unfortunately, it would be equally difficult to find the person who has not endured the premature death of a friend or relative due to untreatable infection or cancer. So we continue to search for better therapeutics. Better medical treatments do not always require stronger medicine. The effectiveness of chemical agents depends on the method of administration, so treatments can often be improved by finding optimal drug formulations or delivery systems. For example, Banting and Best demonstrated control of diabetes by insulin injection in 1922. But early use of insulin was difficult: multiple daily injections were required and the effects were difficult to control. Insulin preparations have changed dramatically since that time; recombinant human insulin is now available in addition to highly purified insulin from animals. Today, the formulation of insulin is advanced: various formulations provide rapid or delayed action with long or short duration, so insulin therapy can be tailored to the needs of an individual. Intensive, individualized therapy decreases the long-term consequences of diabetes [1].
Conference papers on the topic "Single Synthesizing Methods"
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Hofferek, Georg, Ashutosh Gupta, Bettina Konighofer, Jie-Hong Roland Jiang, and Roderick Bloem. "Synthesizing multiple boolean functions using interpolation on a single proof." In 2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmcad.2013.6679394.
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Li, Bingjue, Andrew P. Murray, David H. Myszka, and Gérard Subsol. "Synthesizing Planar Rigid-Body Chains for Morphometric Applications." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59412.
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Morphometrics is a quantitative analysis to compare a set of geometric representations of forms, including shape and size. Analysis of shape variation is useful in systematics, evolutionary biology, biostratigraphy, and developmental biology. Distinguished by the data being analyzed, three forms of morphometrics are commonly recognized. Traditional morphometrics measures the lengths, ratios, angles, etc., of patterns of shape variations. Outline-based morphometrics analyzes the outlines of forms using open or closed curves. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics summarizes shapes in terms of the coordinates of anatomical landmarks. The three morphometric methods are able to capture the variation of forms exactly, but require analyzing numerous variables. As an alternative approach to morphometrics, this paper presents a kinematic synthesis methodology of planar rigid-body chains. This methodology approximates the set of profile curves that represent a series of shapes with a single chain comprised of rigid-body links connected by revolute or prismatic joints. The primary advantage of the presented approach is that a modest number of physical parameters describes the shape and size change between a set of curves. Three morphometric problems are investigated by applying the methodology of synthesizing planar rigid-body chains to match the prescribed shapes. The result validates that the presented methodology might be used as an alternative approach to the analysis of morphological forms.
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Chiang, Chien H., Wei Hua Chieng, and David A. Hoeltzel. "Four-Position Synthesis for Spatial Mechanisms With Two Independent Loops." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0334.
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Abstract Mathematical models that have been employed to synthesize spatial mechanisms for rigid body guidance have been found to be too complicated to implement in practical applications, especially for four-position guidance synthesis. This paper describes simple analytical methods for synthesizing single degree-of-freedom spatial mechanisms having two independent loops for four precision positions. In addition, prescribed timing has been simultaneously considered for several spatial mechanisms.
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Dharanipragada, Varada Raju, Nagaraja Kumar Yenugadhati, and A. C. Rao. "A More Direct Method for Structural Synthesis of Simple-Jointed Planar Kinematic Chains." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0231.
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Abstract Structural synthesis of kinematic chains leans heavily on indirect methods, most of them based on Graph Theory, mainly because reliable isomorphism tests are not available. Recently however, the first and third authors have established the Secondary Hamming String of a kinematic chain as an excellent indicator of its isomorphism. In the present paper this Hamming String method was applied with slight modifications for synthesizing on a PC-386, distinct kinematic chains with given number of links and family description. The computer program, written in Pascal, generated both the six-bar and all 16 eight-bar chains as well as one sample family (2008) of ten-bar chains, verifying previously established results. Hence this paper presents a direct, quick and reliable method to synthesize planar simple-jointed chains, open or closed, with single- or multi-degree of freedom, containing any number of links. A spin-off of this paper is a simple, concise and unambiguous notation for representing a chain.
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Zhu, Hao, Huaibo Huang, Yi Li, Aihua Zheng, and Ran He. "Arbitrary Talking Face Generation via Attentional Audio-Visual Coherence Learning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/327.
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Talking face generation aims to synthesize a face video with precise lip synchronization as well as a smooth transition of facial motion over the entire video via the given speech clip and facial image. Most existing methods mainly focus on either disentangling the information in a single image or learning temporal information between frames. However, cross-modality coherence between audio and video information has not been well addressed during synthesis. In this paper, we propose a novel arbitrary talking face generation framework by discovering the audio-visual coherence via the proposed Asymmetric Mutual Information Estimator (AMIE). In addition, we propose a Dynamic Attention (DA) block by selectively focusing the lip area of the input image during the training stage, to further enhance lip synchronization. Experimental results on benchmark LRW dataset and GRID dataset transcend the state-of-the-art methods on prevalent metrics with robust high-resolution synthesizing on gender and pose variations.
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Cole, Matthew O. T., Chakkapong Chamroon, and Prinya Ngamprapasom. "Force Feedback Control for Active Stabilization of Synchronous Whirl Orbits in Rotor Systems With Non-Linear Stiffness Elements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23246.
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Synchronous vibration in rotor systems having bearings, seals or other elements with non-linear stiffness characteristics is prone to amplitude jump when operating close to critical speeds as there may be two or more possible whirl responses for a given unbalance condition. This paper describes research on the use of active control methods for eliminating this potentially undesirable behavior. A control scheme based on direct feedback of rotor-stator interaction forces is considered. Model based conditions for stability of low amplitude whirl, derived using Lyapunov’s direct method, are used as a basis for synthesizing controller gains. Subsidiary requirements for existence of a static feedback control law that can achieve stabilization are also explained. An experimental validation is undertaken on a flexible rotor test rig where non-linear rotorstator contact interaction can occur across a small radial clearance in one transverse plane. A single radial active magnetic bearing is used to apply control forces in a separate transverse plane. The experiments confirm the conditions under which static feedback of the measured interaction force can prevent degenerate whirl responses so that the low amplitude contact-free orbit is the only possible steady-state response. The gain synthesis method leads to controllers that are physically realizable and can eliminate amplitude jump over a range of running speeds.
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Xu, Buli, and Victor Giurgiutiu. "Optimized Excitation Signal Source for Efficient Measurement of E/M Impedance." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80229.
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This paper presented an improved algorithm using digitally synthesized excitation signal sources for efficient and accurate measurement of the E/M impedance for structural health monitoring with PWAS (piezoelectric wafer active sensor) transducers. Instead of using a sinusoidal excitation to measure the structural E/M impedance at a single frequency at a time, the digitally synthesized signal sources get the entire structural E/M impedance spectrum immediately at one step through permanently attached PWAS. Digitally synthesized signal source is a time efficient way for E/M impedance spectrum measurement. Firstly, introduction of E/M impedance measurement and the concept of using transfer function to achieve admittance and impedance of PWAS were provided. Secondly, two ways of synthesizing signal sources were discussed. Thirdly, the characteristics and performance of the two signal sources for E/M impedance measurement were compared in simulation and examined by laboratory experiment of measuring a free PWAS impedance spectrum over a wide frequency range (100k~1MHz). Finally, the hardware implementation and measurement precision of the new impedance methods were discussed and concluded.
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Jiang, Long, Hang Ye, Chi Zhou, Shikui Chen, and Wenyao Xu. "Parametric Topology Optimization Toward Rational Design and Efficient Prefabrication for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2954.
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The significant advance in the boosted fabrication speed and printing resolution of additive technology has considerably increased the capability of achieving product designs with high geometric complexity. The prefabrication computation has been increasingly important and is coming to be the bottleneck in the additive manufacturing process. In this paper, the authors devise an integrated computational framework by synthesizing the parametric level set-based topology optimization method with the DLP-based SLA process for intelligent design and additive manufacturing of not only single material structures but also multi-scale, multi-functional structures. The topology of the design is optimized with a new distance-regularized parametric level set method considering the prefabrication computation. offering the flexibility and robustness of the structural design that the conventional methods could not provide. The output of the framework is a set of mask images which can be directly used in the additive manufacturing process. The proposed approach seamlessly integrates the rational design and manufacturing to reduce the complexity of the computationally-expensive prefabrication process. Two test examples, including a freeform 3D cantilever beam and a multi-scale meta-structure, are utilized to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Both the simulation and experimental results verified that the new rational design could significantly reduce the prefabrication computation cost without affecting the original design intent or sacrificing original functionality.
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Yang, Ting-Li, Fang-Hua Yao, and Ming Zhang. "A Comparative Study on Some Modular Approaches for Analysis and Synthesis of Planar Linkages: Part I — Modular Structural Analysis and Modular Kinemaic Analysis." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5920.
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Abstract This paper presents a systematical comparative study of various modular methods based on the different module types: basic kinematic chains (BKCs), single opened chains (SOCs), loops (or a tree and co-tree), links-joints, etc. for analysis and synthesis of structure, kinematics and dynamics of planar linkages. The basic idea is that any linkage can be divided into (or built up by) some modular components in sequence, and based on the component constraints and network entirty constraints of the linkage, the unified modular approaches have been used for analysis and synthesis. In the systematical comparative study, the main issues of a modular method have been discussed, such as: the topological characteristics revealed via different module types; the dimension of a set of kinematic equations; the automated generation and solution of kinematic equations; the dimension and automated generation of dynamical equations, and computation complexity for generating and solving dynamical equation; the automated generation of structural analysis and type synthesis; the generation of kinematic synthesis equations etc.. This paper gives a summary of the use of modular techniques for analyzing and synthesizing planar linkages in the recently thirty years. This comparative study includes two parts: part I — modular structural analysis and modular kinematic analysis; part II — modular dynamics analysis, modular structural synthesis and modular kinematic synthesis. This paper is the first part.
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Yang, Ting-Li, Fang-Hua Yao, and Ming Zhang. "A Comparative Study on Some Modular Approaches for Analysis and Synthesis of Planar Linkages: Part II — Modular Dynamic Analysis, Modular Structural Synthesis and Modular Kinematic Synthesis." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-6058.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper presents a systematical comparative study of various modular methods based on the different module types: basic kinematic chains (BKCs), single opened chains (SOCs), loops (or a tree and co-tree), links-joints, etc. for analysis and synthesis of structure, kinematics and dynamics of planar linkages. The basic idea is that any linkage can be divided into (or built up by) some modular components in sequence, and based on the component constraints and network entirty constraints of the linkage, the unified modular approaches have been used for analysis and synthesis. In systematical comparative study, the main issues of a modular method have been discussed, such as: the topological characteristics revealed via different module types; the dimension of a set of kinematic equations; the automated generation and solution of kinematic equations; the dimension and automated generation of dynamical equations, and computation complexity for generating and solving dynamical equation; the automated generation of structural analysis and type synthesis; the generation of kinematic synthesis equations etc.. This paper gives a summary of the use of modular techniques for analyzing and synthesizing planar linkages in the recently thirty years. This comparative study includes two parts: Part I-modular structural analysis and modular kinematic analysis; Part II-modular dynamic analysis, modular structural synthesis and modular kinematic synthesis. This paper is the second part.