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1
Pearson, Matthew, Eesha Khare, and Omar Tantawi. "Addressing the single-use plastic proliferation problem." MIT Science Policy Review 3 (August 29, 2022): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.38105/spr.ro3uhoc2lz.
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Despite the integral role of plastics in modern society, effective management of plastic waste has remained unaddressed, even as the rate of plastic waste accumulation continues to accelerate. The vast majority of plastic waste has a slow degradation rate, leading to harmful environmental consequences, particularly for marine ecosystems, and may potentially have human health impacts. As a result, policymakers have begun taking action in recent years, with a focus on banning single-use plastics. While single-use plastic bans have seemingly become the preferred policy response, there is debate regarding whether they are universally the optimal policy solution. This article reviews current implementations of these bans and examines the associated environmental trade-offs. It then presents a set of potential alternative or supplemental policy options with a focus on the importance of addressing the entirety of the plastic value chain in the development of policies to grapple with the plastic waste problem.
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Nasser, Sulaiman Al Farsi, and aljaradin Mohammad. "Advancing SDGs: Assessing the Impact of Abu Dhabi's Single-Use Plastic Policy on Consumer Behaviour and Adoption." Sustainable Resources Management Journal 8, no. 2 (2023): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8289213.
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In response to the significant environmental repercussions of plastic consumption, particularly single-use plastics, many countries have taken measures to reduce their reliance on plastic materials. Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), for instance, introduced a single-use plastic policy in 2022, accompanied by a fee of AED 0.25, aimed at promoting environmentally conscious behaviours and curbing plastic waste. This study explores the impact of this policy on consumer behaviour and adoption, drawing insights from a literature review spanning eight nations. The review underscores the roles of consumer awareness, governmental regulations, fees, media influence, and social pressures in shaping behaviours related to single-use plastics. The research aims to assess how the policy has influenced consumer actions and adherence. The methodology encompasses two main components: qualitative observations conducted at three supermarkets with varying price ranges, situated in distinct socio-economic contexts, to assess customer choices between single-use plastic and reusable bags; and the administration of a closed-ended questionnaire to gauge consumer acceptance and implementation of the policy. Results reveal that in lower-priced supermarkets, predominantly frequented by individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds, there is a decline in single-use plastic bag usage, accompanied by a rise in the adoption of reusable bags. Conversely, consumers in higher and medium-priced supermarkets tend to lean towards utilizing plastic bags. The survey, which received 105 responses, delves into the policy's acceptance and integration. Most participants, primarily females aged 18 to 24, possessing undergraduate degrees, and reporting monthly household incomes ranging between AED 5 and 15k, express support for the policy. They view it as a personal responsibility to safeguard the environment and indicate shifts in their shopping behaviours. Drawing on the research findings, it is strongly advised that the EAD takes proactive measures to align with the UAE commitment to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and advancing sustainability efforts.
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Garcia, John Philip. "Factors Shaping Policy Adoption on Single-Use Plastic Bag Regulation in Philippine Cities and Municipalities." Philippine Journal of Public Administration 66 (December 5, 2022): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8429642.
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In the absence of national legislation regulating plastic bag use in the Philippines, cities and municipalities are implementing local ordinances to regulate single-use plastics. This study tested factors shaping policy adoption on single-use plastic bags in cities and municipalities, and those that would explain the variation in the type of policy adopted. Five variables were tested to generate a logistic regression model for policy adoption and a multinomial logistic regression model for policy-type variation study. These variables are waste generation, consistency in implementing solid waste management, flooding hazard, income class, and number of plastic industries. Among these factors, flooding hazard and waste generation significantly explain why LGUs are likely to adopt plastic regulation policy. While none of the factors tested could explain the choice of policy between total and partial ban, and between total ban and tax, flooding hazard significantly explained the choice of partial ban over tax.
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Herberz, Timo, Claire Y. Barlow, and Matthias Finkbeiner. "Sustainability Assessment of a Single-Use Plastics Ban." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (2020): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093746.
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Governments around the world are introducing single-use plastics bans to alleviate plastic marine pollution. This paper investigates whether banning single-use plastic items is an appropriate strategy to protect the environment. Product life cycle assessment was conducted for single-use plastic and single-use non-plastic alternatives. The life cycle impacts of the two product categories were compared and scaled according to EU consumption of 2016. The results show that a single-use plastics ban would decrease plastic marine pollution in the EU by 5.5% which equates to a 0.06% decrease globally. However, such a ban would increase emissions contributing to marine aquatic toxicity in the EU by 1.4%. This paper concludes that single-use items are harmful to the environment regardless of their material. Therefore, banning or imposing a premium price on single-use items in general and not only single-use plastic items is a more effective method of reducing consumption and thereby pollution. The plastics ban only leads to a small reduction of global plastic marine pollution and thus provides only a partial solution to the problem it intends to solve.
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Oguge, Nicholas, Francis Oremo, and Salome Adhiambo. "Investigating the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Plastic Pollution among the Youth in Nairobi, Kenya." Social Sciences 10, no. 11 (2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110408.
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Kenya has made many attempts to regulate the production of single-use plastics through partial bans and the imposition of hefty taxes. Whereas government initiatives are crucial to resolving single-use plastic pollution, commitments made by youths can be an important part of the solution. Yet, youths are habituated to using single-use plastics without understanding fully their negative impacts. Understanding the knowledge and attitudes of youths is of the utmost importance in the effort to turn the tide against plastic pollution. This study set out to investigate knowledge and attitudes towards single-use plastics among youths in Nairobi, Kenya. This was a mixed study approach, where both qualitative and quantitative data were derived. The results showed that youths perceive single-use plastics as a serious environmental and health issue. Most respondents expressed willingness to switch to reusable alternatives if provided with financial incentives. In addition, the results showed stronger support for enhanced awareness campaigns and plastic recycling infrastructure. Social media was the most preferred channel to disseminate plastic pollution messaging among the youth. These findings are important in policy development for intensifying awareness and targeting a range of communication and financial support to reduce single-use plastic pollution.
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Aladashvili, Gela. "Plastic Use in the Focus of Political Decisions." New Economist 19, no. 03 (2024): 18–25. https://doi.org/10.36962/nec19032024-18.
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Plastic consumption is rapidly increasing globally, particularly in the single-use sector, causing significant environmental and climate issues. Plastic waste accumulates in landfills, contributing to carbon emissions and exacerbating climate change. Inefficient waste management leads to the pollution of oceans, rivers, and ecosystems, posing a threat to biodiversity and public health. This article analyzes policy measures, including demand reduction, product design improvements, increased recycling, spill prevention, and clean-up initiatives. Effective policies require clear institutional and regulatory frameworks, financial support, technological development, and public awareness of plastic waste management and recycling. The success of this complex policy depends on the active engagement of stakeholders, who, considering contextual factors, are crucial in addressing the global plastic crisis and promoting sustainable development. Keywords: Plastics, Waste Management, Plastics Policy.
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Heidbreder, Lea Marie, Julia Steinhorst, and Manfred Schmitt. "Plastic-Free July: An Experimental Study of Limiting and Promoting Factors in Encouraging a Reduction of Single-Use Plastic Consumption." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (2020): 4698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114698.
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To tackle the plastic problem, the worldwide campaign ‘Plastic Free July’ aims at encouraging people to reduce single-use plastics during the month of July. To get people started with new behavior patterns, so-called ‘windows of opportunity’—periods where people become open for new experiences—are expected to matter. Therefore, the current study evaluated if an arbitrary month that is framed as an opportunity for change can interrupt people in their daily routines and reduce plastic consumption. An online survey (n = 509) with repeated measures (n = 366) was conducted including one experimental and one control group. The experimental group was invited to reduce their single-use plastic consumption during July in line with the ‘Plastic Free July’ campaign. Results revealed that, in this action period, single-use plastic consumption was slightly but significantly lower in the experimental than in the control group, which did not receive any information about ‘Plastic Free July’. The campaign seemed to be more effective for participants with low pro-environmental identity. Path analysis revealed that plastic consumption (prior to the intervention) was significantly predicted by perceived difficulty, habits, and pro-environmental identity. Policy support was predicted by problem awareness, pro-environmental identity and perceived barriers. We conclude with recommendations for plastic-free purchase and policy support.
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Kumara, Ida Bagus Perdana, Eko Supeno, and Bintoro Wardiyanto. "LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IN IMPLEMENTING SINGLE-USE PLASTIC BAN POLICY IN BALI PROVINCE." dia 20, no. 02 (2022): 146–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v20i02.6663.
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Inorganic waste, especially single-use plastic, has a negative impact on the environment and society. The trend of increasing plastic production is not followed by the ability to manage waste properly. As a result, there is a buildup of waste in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest plastic waste problem. The problem of plastic waste can harm a country such as decline in the tourism sector. Bali Province is one of the provinces with tourism potential. Plastic waste is also a problem there. Several international media such as Time and BBC have reported about this situation. In response to this problem, the local government published Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 97 Tahun 2018 which prohibits the use of three types of single-use plastic, namely plastic bags, styrofoam, and straws. In its implementation, there is problem in public compliance, can find people use single plastic easily. This research contributes the analysis of local government capacity in implementing the policy. As a result, local governments are lacking in monitoring and sanctioning, causing a decrease in community compliance. However, they are strong enough in explaining the concept and causality relationship to achieve the goal.
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Genon, Jamaica, Jessa Mabunay, James Opsima, Rochelle Zamora, Jay Repaso, and John Michael Villagorda Sasan. "Solutions and Strategies to Reduce Damaging Impact of Single-Use Plastic Bag in Toledo City." Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement 3, no. 1 (2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v3i1.1304.
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The goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of residents' personal concerns about improper plastic disposal and to give voice to their thoughts about the Toledo City Government's prospective ideas and approaches for minimizing the city's plastic pollution. Residents of Magdugo, Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines, have been subjected to increasing levels of plastic pollution. The vast number of discarded plastic items that eventually end up in canals, drainage systems, and city streets, generating flooding that poses a severe challenge in agriculture, health, and sanitation. According to the findings, the city's inefficient waste management system has resulted in a massive accumulation of durable plastics. Toledo City, on the other hand, has improved waste management, restored cleanliness, and minimized the environmental effect of plastics through regulatory initiatives. The majority of citizens in Toledo City have enthusiastically embraced the city's ordinance prohibiting the use of plastic bags. Plastic bag littering has been shown to decrease throughout the city, resulting in a cleaner and healthier environment. The city's achievement might serve as a model for other places that have yet to abolish plastic bags. As a result of a cleaner and healthier environment, people have become more productive, and tourists have returned to the city, contributing to the city's economic growth. Policy management in the reduction of plastic pollution.
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Khanal, Ashish. "Survey on usage of single use plastic bags in Nepal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1057, no. 1 (2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1057/1/012008.
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Abstract The rapid urbanization and economic growth have caused increase of plastic products globally. The least developed countries (LDCs) have been facing severe problems with solid waste due to lack of people’s awareness, lack of skilled manpower to handle waste and necessary equipment to manage in sustainable manner. Nepal, a LDC in South Asia, lacks source segregation leading the maximum plastic items reaching to the landfill site. It is even difficult for the planning authorities to make effective plans for sustainable management of plastic waste due to lack of waste generation data. Nepal has made many rules and directives to ban plastic bags till date but has failed in its implementation. This study is the first of its kind to capture the perception of youths towards single use bags in Nepal. This study was conducted among 569 Nepalese youths of age between 18-40 years. A closed ended self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the respondents and responses were collected for three weeks. The questionnaire was prepared using google form and distributed via Facebook. A snowball method was used where the respondents were asked to share the questionnaire in their network. It was found that majority of Nepalese youths have been practicing the source segregation at their houses. The use of single use plastic is very common in Nepal with an individual using at least 208 plastic bags in a year. The gender and source segregation of waste was statistically significant with p-value of 0.02 (<0.05). The main reason of using plastic bags was its easy availability. There is lack of alterative to the plastic bags in Nepal. However, the youths are ready to support the government plastic ban policy and have asked the alternatives to the plastic bags. The result has shown that the Nepalese people have negative perception towards single use plastics and are in search of alternatives. The government need to implement heavy penalty for producing plastic bags greater than 30 micron and deploy tax with shop keepers and customer if found using it.
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OMOYAJOWO, KOLEAYO, SUNDAY AMIOLEMEN, Benjamin MWADI MAKENGO, and AMOS OGUNYEBI. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on single-use of plastics in some American Firms: Policy Insights." Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, no. 2(24) (February 7, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2415-3184-2021-2(24)-7-12.
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As COVID-19 continues to present unimaginable threats to the future of the environment, it is notimpossible to rethink that the continual existence of human race is at stake. More than 60% of toxicwastes released to the environment are largely contributed by manufacturing and service firms. Hence, this present study examined the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on corporate waste management program among selected American firms. A total of 42 notable firms across 3 cities in the US (Detroit, Atlanta and Houston) were successfully interviewed on their choices to reduce, reuse, recycle and recover their industrial waste since the outbreak of COVID-19. More than 80% of firms studied often generate plastics as waste; out of which, all firms (100%) agreed that COVID-19 encumbered their choices to manage plastic wastes. This study reasoned that COVID-19 will undoubtedly contribute to plastic pollution and its associated ecological risk in the US if appropriate measures are not painstakingly implemented. This study therefore recommends that Government and relevant stakeholders should restructure existing wastemanagement policies and sensitize American firms on grave dangers of plastic pollution and other toxicwastes in the environment. Meanwhile, this study has great implications for countries in the developing world. This is because developing countries are already mired with the challenges of managing plastic wastes in the pre- COVID-19 era and are further overwhelmed with the unprecedented plastic waste generation during COVID-19. Considering that in Africa and other developing nation, standard wastemanagement technologies and waste emergency policies to curb the pandemic is lacking or insufficient, and hence suggesting they may witness more serious impact of plastic pollution. Government at all tiers should not only make laudable waste management policies to curb environmental pollution, but must show sincerity of purpose and political-will to implement and enforce these polices to curtail impeding global impact of plastic pollution aggravated by COVID-19 pandemic.
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Omondi, Isaac, and Misuzu Asari. "Impact of Policy Design on Plastic Waste Reduction in Africa." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010004.
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Single-use plastic (SUP) is an important product group in plastic pollution with various measures managing it within its lifecycle. Africa has the highest single-use plastic bag (SUPB) policy adoption by region globally, but the plastic problem persists, raising policy design concerns on effectiveness. This paper explores plastic policy design on plastic waste reduction in Africa. Using gap analysis and integrative propositional analysis, the status, scope, and variability of policies are assessed against a reference model. There are 48 active policies in 39 of the 55 countries in Africa. Of these, three countries have transitioned from plastic bag bans to SUP policies to manage more plastic products, and two countries have transitioned from SUPB charges to SUPB bans. There are 12 packaging policies, 29 bag policies, 2 bottle policies, 1 utensil and polystyrene boxes policy, and 1 straw policy. Themed SUP and packaging policies loosely cover plastic products. Four of the nine packaging policies analyzed are SUPB policies by design, as they explicitly mention the control of bags rather than primary packaging. Sixteen policies are designed for biodegradability restrictions, while ten policies are total bans on single-use plastic products. The lack of definitions and coherence and provision of exemptions in policies result in plastic waste traceable from exemptions, in-policy, undefined SUP, out-of-policy SUP, and non-SUP sources. The use of different policy mix instruments to manage plastic within its lifecycle was identified in African countries. The design of new policies should consider these shortcomings to enhance plastic waste management by explicitly identifying products and outlining management measures for excluded plastic products within the same plastic group for SUP or packaging policies in the absence of a global or regionally binding plastic policy.
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Van, Lee, Norhadilah Abdul Hamid, Md Fauzi Ahmad, Ahmad Nur Aizat Ahmad, Rumaizah Ruslan, and Puteri Fadzline Muhamad Tamyez. "Factors of Single Use Plastic Reduction Behavioral Intention." Emerging Science Journal 5, no. 3 (2021): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01275.
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Malaysia had ranked as eighth over the top 20 countries with mismanaged plastic waste. The largest source of this issue was high consumption of single-use plastic by individuals. It is believed that, residents’ social behaviour played a significant role in reducing single-use plastic, which contributed to decreased plastic pollution. Therefore, this study investigates the factors that affect residents’ single-use plastic behavioural intention in Malaysia using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A Quantitative study using survey questionnaire was employed and the total samples were 341 residents in Batu Pahat Johor. All of the data were analysed using regression analysis through Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results show a positive relationship between all variables except for environmental awareness and law and regulation. At the same time, the most influential factor affecting residents’ single-use plastic reducing behavioural intention was the attitude of residents against lower plastic consumption. Future studies were recommended to be conducted in urban areas which could obtain more desired outcomes. Thus, the findings from this research could provide useful and specific information for policy makers to implement effective strategies for protecting the environmental ecosystem in Malaysia. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01275 Full Text: PDF
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Lestari, Binar Asri, Safendrri Komara Ragamustari, and Fajar Bambang Hirawan. "Bisikan atau Suara Lantang: Perjalanan Advokasi Kebijakan Larangan Penggunaan Plastik Sekali-Pakai Melalui Partisipasi Pemuda di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Bali." Jurnal Studi Pemuda 12, no. 1 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.83978.
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Policy making in a democratic country must be inclusive—involving the participation of various segments of society, youth is no exception to be left behind. The attempt made by the public to influence this process is called policy advocacy. There are various problems in this country that require policy advocacy, one of which is the climate crisis. Since the problem is quite complex and has many sub-facets, the climate crisis needs a serious policy instrument from the government. One of the issues that is closely related to the climate crisis is the use of single-use plastic bags. This study aims to look at youth participation in policy advocacy related to the ban on the single-use plastic bags in DKI Jakarta and Bali Provinces. Using a qualitative approach, this study compares youth organizations that carry out policy advocacy in each province—namely Gerakan Indonesia Diet Kantong Plastik (GIDKP) in DKI Jakarta and Bye Bye Plastics Bag (BBPB) in Bali. Based on Hart’s ladder of youth participation, it appears that youth participation in GIDKP’s campaign activities is at level 6 (adult-inisiated shared decisions with youth) while BBPB’s is already at level 8 (youth-initiated shared decisions with adults)—but only reaches level 3 (tokenism) for direct government lobbying. Thus, based on Gen and Wright’s framework of policy advocacy strategies , it can be concluded that GIDKP carries out direct reform strategy whilst BBPB tends to use popular power strategy. There needs to be a collaboration between both organization’s specific strategies and competencies to achieve their mutual policy advocacy goal.
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Patrício, Silva AL, JC Prata, TR Walker, et al. "Rethinking and optimising plastic waste management under COVID-19 pandemic: Policy solutions based on redesign and reduction of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment." Science of the Total Environment 742 (June 7, 2020): 140565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140565.
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Plastics have been on top of the political agenda in Europe and across the world to reduce plastic leakage and pollution. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted plastic reduction policies at the regional and national levels and induced significant changes in plastic waste management with potential for negative impacts in the environment and human health. This paper provides an overview of plastic policies and discusses the readjustments of these policies during the COVID-19 pandemic along with their potential environmental implications. The sudden increase in plastic waste and composition due to the COVID-19 pandemic underlines the crucial need to reinforce plastic reduction policies (and to implement them into action without delays), to scale up in innovation for sustainable and green plastics solutions, and to develop dynamic and responsive waste management systems immediately. Policy recommendations and future research directions are discussed.
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Kittithammavong, Virin, Wilawan Khanitchaidecha, and Pajaree Thongsanit. "CO2 Emissions from Plastic Consumption Behaviors in Thailand." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (2023): 12135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612135.
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Plastic waste is an environmental crisis that is becoming increasingly well-documented. The rapid expansion of plastic manufacturing and consumption has led to a harmful cycle of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions due to petroleum-based production and plastic waste disposal. Plastic production and disposal depend on the consumption behavior of people. This study aimed to examine the plastic consumption behavior in Thailand and its impact on climate change at the end-of-life stage. The general information, plastic consumption, and plastic waste management were collected via questionnaires for each product lifetime, including single-use, medium-use, and long-use plastics. Based on 567 questionnaires, the results showed that people consumed single-use plastic, e.g., plastic bag, food container, cutlery, straws, and bottles, at a rate of about nine pieces/household/day or three pieces/cap/day. The medium-use and long-use plastic were 10 pieces/household/month and 50 pieces/household/year, respectively. It should be remarked that population density, education, and number of household members affected plastic consumption behavior, especially for single-use plastic. Regarding the disposal of end-of-life plastics, Thai people, on average, contribute 0.15 kg CO2eq/household/day to climate change. Many households have mismanaged waste by open dumping and open burning. Therefore, practicing proper waste management will help Thailand on the path to carbon neutrality in the future.
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Hollauer, Catharina, Jorge Garcelán, Nikhita Ragam, Tia Vaish, and Omar Isaac Asensio. "Generative AI and Discovery of Preferences for Single-Use Plastics Regulations." Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series 2, no. 1 (2024): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v2i1.27651.
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Given the heightened global awareness and attention to the negative externalities of plastics use, many state and local governments are considering legislation that will limit single-use plastics for consumers and retailers under extended producer responsibility laws. Considering the growing momentum of these single-use plastics regulations globally, there is a need for reliable and cost-effective measures of the public response to this rulemaking for inference and prediction. Automated computational approaches such as generative AI could enable real-time discovery of consumer preferences for regulations but have yet to see broad adoption in this domain due to concerns about evaluation costs and reliability across large-scale social data. In this study, we leveraged the zero and few-shot learning capabilities of GPT-4 to classify public sentiment towards regulations with increasing complexity in expert prompting. With a zero-shot approach, we achieved a 92% F1 score (s.d. 1%) and 91% accuracy (s.d. 1%), which resulted in three orders of magnitude lower research evaluation cost at 0.138 pennies per observation. We then use this model to analyze 5,132 tweets related to the policy process of the California SB-54 bill, which mandates user fees and limits plastic packaging. The policy study reveals a 12.4% increase in opposing public sentiment immediately after the bill was enacted with no significant changes earlier in the policy process. These findings shed light on the dynamics of public engagement with lower cost models for research evaluation. We find that public opposition to single-use plastics regulations becomes evident in social data only when a bill is effectively enacted.
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Karakus, Burak Batuhan. "Strengthening plastic pollution governance in the Mediterranean: The Barcelona Convention's role." Proceedings of London International Conferences, no. 8 (December 7, 2023): abs2. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/plic.2023.8.169.
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Plastic pollution constitutes a critical threat to the Mediterranean marine ecosystem, with immense volumes of plastic waste flowing into the shared sea from over 20 bordering states. This research analyzes plastic pollution governance in the Mediterranean region through the lens of the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean. It scrutinizes the policy gaps between the Barcelona Convention’s protocols and decisions concerning plastic waste, against on-the-ground implementation shortcomings enabling the continuity of plastic pollution. Absent monitoring capacities, limited enforcement of regulations, inadequate waste management infrastructure, and unchecked plastic production and use are examined as foremost implementation weaknesses. To bridge the governance gap, the paper delineates prospective policy, technological, financial and capacity-building interventions to curb plastic pollution based on the Barcelona Convention’s architecture. Proposed priority actions include consolidating monitoring programs, implementing Extended Producer Responsibility, integrating informal waste sectors, establishing a regional plastic waste fund, standardizing labeling, and banning select single-use plastics. This study aims to uncover governance solutions to advance regional anti-plastic pollution efforts. The research employs textual analysis of Barcelona Convention protocols and decisions, complemented by third-party data on plastic waste flows, management capacities, and policy evaluations for Mediterranean nations.
 Strategically bridging the governance gap is critical for Barcelona Convention members to progress on commitments to mitigate plastic pollution and safeguard the Mediterranean Sea.
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Sadhukhan, Jhuma, and Kartik Sekar. "Economic Conditions to Circularize Clinical Plastics." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 8974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238974.
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Over 5.5 million tons of plastic waste are generated globally from the research sectors. A university laboratory, e.g., pathology, can generate 250 tons of clinical plastic waste annually. The UK National Health Service (NHS) generates 133 kilotons (kt) of clinical plastic waste annually. Healthcare facilities in the US generate 1.7 million tons of clinical plastic waste annually. In addition, 95% of the clinical plastics are single-use plastics derived from fossil resources, i.e., crude oils. These single-use clinical plastic wastes are incinerated, contributing to global warming, or go to the landfill, contributing to resource depletion. Plastic leakage is a major threat to the environment. This linear plastics economy model, take-make-dispose, must be replaced by a circular plastics economy, i.e., sort plastic wastes, wash, decontaminate, recover materials, blend with bio-based compounds as necessary and circulate recyclate plastics, for holistic systemic sustainability. While there are multi-faceted environmental drivers for a circular plastics economy, there are many uncertainties in the economic attributes, electricity price, labor cost and chemical cost being the primary ones influencing the cost of production of secondary or recyclate plastics, requiring government and policy support, such as a gate fee on plastic waste by the generators to the recyclers. An essential macroeconomic condition for techno-economically (or micro-economically) feasible plastic waste recycling is low oil and gas prices that influence the recyclate plastics and electricity prices. It is essential to de-fossilize the economy by decoupling renewable electricity generation from natural gas consumption and fossil-independent biopolymer productions displacing fossil-derived plastics to stimulate the circular economy. This study shows a comprehensive and robust technoeconomic analysis of mechanical recycling of clinical plastic wastes into secondary plastics recovery.
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Rai, Sinchana. "Assessing the Effectiveness of the Plastic Ban in the City of Bangalore in Addressing the Market Failure Associated with It." International Journal of Sustainable Development Research 10, no. 3 (2024): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20241003.11.
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The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Solid Waste Management (BBMP-SWM) Bye-laws, 2019 was passed by the BBMP in 2019 to ensure proper waste management in the city alongside new rules on the consumption of plastic. According to the Karnataka state plastic board, every citizen, on an average, consumes 16kgs of plastic every month. The extended essay aims towards answering the question “To what extent has the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Solid Waste Management (BBMP-SWM) Bye-laws, 2019 helped in reducing the negative externalities caused by the overconsumption of single-use plastic.” This study will be examining the effects of this law on the production and consumption of single-use plastics. Through this policy, the BBMP aims to revise the 2016 Karnataka State plastic Ban and enforce it in a stricter manner. This topic is significant as an estimated 20% of the 4000-tonne waste produced by the city consists of plastic. Plastics are not biodegradable, which increases pollution. Through this ban, the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike aims to reduce the external cost caused by reducing plastic consumption. Even if the plastic is marked as “recyclable” over 90% of the plastic is never actually recycled. India has been generating over 3.5 million tonnes of plastic every year. In 2017, plastic resulted in over 2.3 million premature deaths in India because of this, India made it onto the top 10 list along with China and The United States. Hence, the topic is of significant investigation. Over the years, there have been a lot of plastic bans implemented by the government. The most recent one is the Central plastic ban of 2021. Single use plastic does not biodegrade, it breaks down into smaller microplastics which continue polluting the environment.
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I Gusti Made Yudha Pramana, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Implikasi Pengurangan Pemakaian Plastik Sekali Pakai Terhadap Volume Sampah di TPA Suwung." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 5, no. 2 (2024): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.5.2.8068.124-129.
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The waste problem in Indonesia is getting worse, including the problem of landfills in Bali getting full every day. The waste problem is not only a matter for the government, but also for the community. The use of single-use plastics is an important thing that must be considered to find the best solution. This research aims to find out the legal policies that can help overcome the waste problem in Indonesia in general and Bali in particular. Based on this, this research will discuss how the impact of reducing the use of single-use plastics on the environment, society and its relation to storage in Suwung landfill and how the government's efforts as a policy maker in overcoming the problem of single-use plastic waste in Suwung landfill. The research method used is an empirical legal research method that uses a fact-based approach and analyzes legal concepts through social problems. The results obtained from this research are that the reduction in the use of single-use plastics provides a solution to the waste problem at Suwung Landfill so that less waste enters and if the reduction in the use of single-use plastics is applied more widely, plastic waste generation can be minimized, and regulations made by the government emphasize solutions from various aspects of the waste problem. However, many people still violate the regulations in the field.
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Haque, Md Sazzadul, Shafkat Sharif, Aseer Masnoon, and Ebne Rashid. "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-induced PPE and single-use plastic waste generation scenario." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 1_suppl (2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20980828.
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated both positive and negative effects on the environment. Major concerns over personal hygiene, mandated and ease in lockdown actions and slackening of some policy measures have led to a massive surge in the use of disposable personal protective equipment (PPE) and other single-use plastic items. This generated an enormous amount of plastic waste from both healthcare and household units, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Apart from the healthcare workers, the general public have become accustomed to using PPE. These habits are threatening the land and marine environment with immense loads of plastic waste, due to improper disposal practices across the world, especially in developing nations. Contaminated PPE has already made its way to the oceans which will inevitably produce plastic particles alongside other pathogen-driven diseases. This study provided an estimation-based approach in quantifying the amount of contaminated plastic waste that can be expected daily from the massive usage of PPE (e.g. facemasks) because of the countrywide mandated regulations on PPE usage. The situation of Bangladesh has been analysed and projections revealed that a total of 3.4 billion pieces of single-use facemask, hand sanitizer bottles, hand gloves and disposable polyethylene bags will be produced monthly, which will give rise to 472.30 t of disposable plastic waste per day. The equations provided for the quantification of waste from used single-use plastic and PPE can be used for other countries for rough estimations. Then, the discussed recommendations will help concerned authorities and policy makers to design effective response plans. Sustainable plastic waste management for the current and post-pandemic period can be imagined and acted upon.
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Liu, Chen, Qiannan Zhuo, Yujiro Ishimura, Yasuhiko Hotta, Chika Aoki-Suzuki, and Atsushi Watabe. "Regional Insights on the Usage of Single-Use Plastics and Their Disposal in Five Asian Cities." Sustainability 17, no. 10 (2025): 4276. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104276.
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Single-use plastics (SUPs) are deeply embedded in everyday consumption in rapidly developing Asian cities, yet their widespread use contributes to marine debris, microplastic pollution, and health risks. This study aimed to inform evidence-based policymaking to mitigate marine plastic pollution in the ASEAN+3 region. Stratified random sampling surveys (n = 1492) were conducted both face to face and online across five representative cities between September 2022 and February 2023. We quantified and compared the consumption and disposal patterns across nine SUP categories, assessed demographic influences, evaluated the impact of COVID-19, and derived insights for targeted policy interventions. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the differences. The results reveal significant inter-city variation: Shanghai and Harbin reported high overall SUP use despite a lower consumption of plastic shopping bags; Hanoi and Depok showed lower overall use but distinct preferences for plastic shopping bags and party cups; and Phnom Penh had the highest consumption of plastic shopping bags, bottles, and straws. Plastic shopping bags were the most used item in all cities (18–34 bags per week), with no significant differences between urban and rural areas, ages, or genders. In contrast, urban residents reported a higher use of plastic takeout containers, cutlery, coffee cups, and party cups. The COVID-19 pandemic notably reshaped SUP consumption patterns. Additionally, over half of SUPs were disposed of without proper separation. These findings underscore the need for flexible, phased, and context-specific interventions to support a resilient circular economy.
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Jamaica Genon, Jessa Mabunay, James Opsima, Rochelle Zamora, Jay Repaso, and John Michael Villagorda Sasan. "Exploring The Alternative Solutions and Strategies of Toledo City Government for The Damaging Impact of Single-Use Plastic Bag in the Environment." International Journal of Education and Humanities 1, no. 4 (2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.58557/ijeh.v1i4.39.
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The object of research: The goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of residents' personal concerns about improper plastic disposal and to give voice to their thoughts about the Toledo City Government's prospective ideas and approaches for minimizing the city's plastic pollution.Investigated problem: Residents of Magdugo, Toledo City have been subjected to increasing levels of plastic pollution. The vast number of discarded plastic items that eventually end up in canals, drainage systems, and city streets, generating flooding that poses a severe challenge in agriculture, health, and sanitation. The main scientific results: According to the findings, the city's inefficient waste management system has resulted in a massive accumulation of durable plastics. Toledo City, on the other hand, has improved waste management, restored cleanliness, and minimized the environmental effect of plastics through regulatory initiatives. The area of practical use of the research results: The majority of citizens in Toledo City have enthusiastically embraced the city's ordinance prohibiting the use of plastic bags. Plastic bag littering has been shown to decrease throughout the city, resulting in a cleaner and healthier environment. The city's achievement might serve as a model for other places that have yet to abolish plastic bags. Innovative technological product: As a result of a cleaner and healthier environment, people have become more productive, and tourists have returned to the city, contributing to the city's economic growth. Scope of the innovative technological product: Policy management in the reduction of plastic pollution
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Genon, Jamaica, Jessa Mabunay, James Opsima, Rochelle Zamora, Jay Repaso, and John Michael Sasan. "Exploring the alternative solutions and strategies of toledo city government for the damaging impact of single-use plastic bag in the environment." ScienceRise, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002148.
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The object of research: The aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of residents' personal concerns about improper plastic disposal and to give voice to their thoughts about the Toledo City Government's prospective ideas and approaches for minimizing the city's plastic pollution. Investigated problem: Residents of Magdugo, Toledo City have been subjected to increasing levels of plastic pollution. The vast number of discarded plastic items that eventually end up in canals, drainage systems, and city streets, generating flooding that poses a severe challenge in agriculture, health, and sanitation. The main scientific results: According to the findings, the city's inefficient waste management system has resulted in a massive accumulation of durable plastics. Toledo City, on the other hand, has improved waste management, restored cleanliness, and minimized the environmental effect of plastics through regulatory initiatives. The area of practical use of the research results: The majority of citizens in Toledo City have enthusiastically embraced the city's ordinance prohibiting the use of plastic bags. Plastic bag littering has been shown to decrease throughout the city, resulting in a cleaner and healthier environment. The city's achievement might serve as a model for other places that have yet to abolish plastic bags. Innovative technological product: As a result of a cleaner and healthier environment, people have become more productive, and tourists have returned to the city, contributing to the city's economic growth. Scope of the innovative technological product: Policy management in the reduction of plastic pollution
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Genon, Jamaica, Jessa Mabunay, James Opsima, Rochelle Zamora, Jay Repaso, and John Michael Sasan. "Exploring the alternative solutions and strategies of toledo city government for the damaging impact of single-use plastic bag in the environment." ScienceRise, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002148.
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The object of research: The aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of residents' personal concerns about improper plastic disposal and to give voice to their thoughts about the Toledo City Government's prospective ideas and approaches for minimizing the city's plastic pollution.
 Investigated problem: Residents of Magdugo, Toledo City have been subjected to increasing levels of plastic pollution. The vast number of discarded plastic items that eventually end up in canals, drainage systems, and city streets, generating flooding that poses a severe challenge in agriculture, health, and sanitation.
 The main scientific results: According to the findings, the city's inefficient waste management system has resulted in a massive accumulation of durable plastics. Toledo City, on the other hand, has improved waste management, restored cleanliness, and minimized the environmental effect of plastics through regulatory initiatives.
 The area of practical use of the research results: The majority of citizens in Toledo City have enthusiastically embraced the city's ordinance prohibiting the use of plastic bags. Plastic bag littering has been shown to decrease throughout the city, resulting in a cleaner and healthier environment. The city's achievement might serve as a model for other places that have yet to abolish plastic bags.
 Innovative technological product: As a result of a cleaner and healthier environment, people have become more productive, and tourists have returned to the city, contributing to the city's economic growth.
 Scope of the innovative technological product: Policy management in the reduction of plastic pollution
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Gu, Feng, Zhaowei Zhu, and Sharafat Ali. "Analysis of Factors of Single-Use Plastic Avoidance Behavior for Environmental Sustainability in China." Processes 11, no. 5 (2023): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051412.
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Governments have been introducing strategies to reduce plastic waste. The reduction in plastic waste can be possible through single-use plastic avoidance. However, this is only possible with the proper understanding of the behavioral factors of single-use plastic avoidance behavior (SPAB). This study explores the factors that influence the decision-making process regarding SPAB in China, a major environmental problem, climate change, and global warming. The authors used a questionnaire survey to collect data from 421 respondents and analyze it using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study examines the effects of attitude, subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavior control (PBC), and policy intervention (PI) on single-use plastic avoidance behavior (SPAB) mediated by plastic avoidance behavioral intentions (PABI) and plastic-related environmental concerns (PREC). The analysis reveals that attitude, PBC, and PI significantly affect PABI, which affects SPAB. Moreover, PREC influences both PABI and SPAB. Furthermore, PI significantly impacts SPAB through PABI and PREC. The study suggests that effective PIs are crucial to reducing single-use plastic waste by shaping attitude, PBC, PABI, and PREC among the public and promoting pro-environmental behavior to achieve the objective of environmental sustainability.
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Singh, Aditya, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, Gyanendra Singh, et al. "Utilization of Plastic Waste for Developing Composite Bricks and Enhancing Mechanical Properties: A Review on Challenges and Opportunities." Advances in Polymer Technology 2023 (May 2, 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6867755.
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The population increases demand for plastic in every sector along with single-use plastic rapidly increasing, but it still has a low recycling rate. The use of plastic in the form of brick is challenging and overall has a better impact on the ecosystem, economy, and industrial revolution. In this paper, a study has been done of the available research work on plastic bricks from different plastic waste materials. It discusses the processes used to make bricks from plastic waste materials, the possibility of contamination from the waste materials utilized, the lack of pertinent standards, and the public adoption of waste materials-based bricks. Furthermore, it focused on research and development required for the widespread production and use of bricks made from waste materials, not only in terms of technical, economic, and environmental considerations but also in terms of standardization, governmental policy, and public awareness of waste recycling and sustainable development. It has been observed from the study that PET has mostly recycled plastic with greater efficiency compared to other plastics. However, worldwide global production is followed by PE, PVC, and PP. PET has only 5% contribution to the global recycling of plastics.
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Shahrabani, Shosh. "The Long-Term Impact of Policy Intervention on Intention to Reduce Plastic Bag Usage in Israel: A Mediation Model Approach to Consumer Behavior and Environmental Attitudes." Sustainability 17, no. 7 (2025): 3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073055.
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The global rise in plastic use has severe environmental consequences. To combat these consequences, on 1 January 2017, Israel implemented a law imposing a levy on single-use plastic bags. This study assessed the long-term impact of this levy on plastic bag usage and consumer intentions seven years later. It also examined psychological factors, social attitudes, and sociodemographic influences on reducing plastic bag consumption. Data were collected from 870 Israeli respondents through an online survey, and a mediation model was analyzed using path analysis with AMOS. The results showed that 44% of participants significantly reduced their disposable plastic bag use due to the policy. Overall, levels of intention to reduce plastic bag use ranged from moderate to moderately high. Positive attitudes toward the policy, stronger instrumental beliefs, and higher levels of subjective norms were linked to greater plastic-related environmental concerns, which correlated with stronger intentions to reduce plastic use. The findings highlight the importance of policy interventions in reducing plastic bag usage by shaping attitudes, fostering environmental concerns, and motivating behavioral change.
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Tan, Mei Lan, Chee Keat Ying, and Shahrul Bariyah Sahul Hamid. "Plastic Pollution and Sustainable Managing of Single-Use Laboratory Plastic Waste." Sustainability and Climate Change 15, no. 1 (2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scc.2021.0050.
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Fischbach, Sarah, and Brielle Yauney. "Social Cognitive Theory and Reciprocal Relationship: A Guide to Single-Use Plastic Education for Policymakers, Business Leaders and Consumers." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053946.
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Single-use plastic waste has become a growing concern in daily life. Community leaders are implementing programs to reduce the use of single-use plastic and change consumer behavior. This study, using the social cognitive theory framework for sustainable consumption, examines the reciprocal relationship among the following three factors: personal (green consumer values), environmental (bans and rebate/reward programs), and behavioral (consumer decision-making related to single-use plastic waste). The study surveyed consumers (N = 330) across the United States who watched a video on the effects of single-use plastic waste on health and well-being. The results indicate that states with bans or rebate/reward programs tend to have higher green consumer values and consumers in those states report less use of single-use plastic waste. Education level also has a significant impact on green consumer values and plastic waste usage. The study provides a resource guide for decision makers to implement programs in five areas: (1) Business Resources, (2) Public Policy Resources, (3) Non-Profit Resources, (4) Education Resources, and (5) Personal Resources. The study also suggests potential areas for future research.
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Di Paolo, Luca, Simona Abbate, Eliseo Celani, Davide Di Battista, and Giovanni Candeloro. "Carbon Footprint of Single-Use Plastic Items and Their Substitution." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416563.
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Single-use plastic is having a significant environmental impact and its reduction is a mandatory step to reduce plastic pollution worldwide. Indeed, the time that a plastic item can persist in the environment is very long and it is well known that it can produce devastating effects in particular in seas and oceans. Moreover, production, use and disposal of plastic items have a significant impact also on the greenhouse effect; this can be estimated in a life cycle approach, by evaluating their carbon footprint. In this work, a review of the carbon footprint evaluation of different single-use plastic categories has been carried out, developing a methodology to immediately evaluate the benefits related to their substitution with compostable and bio-plastic and/or multiple-use items and materials. The result of the novel methodology developed is a certain number of matrixes, which can categorize impact values in order to compare them with replacement with bio-based plastic materials or multi-use things. Finally, the methodology was tested and validated through a case study, where a plastic reduction plan was proposed and implemented and the CO2 equivalent reduction was assessed, demonstrating a reduction potential related to a replacement by bioplastic or other materials equal, respectively, to 73% and 90%.
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Yolanda, Ismi Rania, and Acwin Hendra Saputra. "PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN EKSTENSIFIKASI BARANG KENA CUKAI TERHADAP PRODUK PLASTIK DI INDONESIA." JURNAL PERSPEKTIF BEA DAN CUKAI 5, no. 2 (2021): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpbc.v5i2.1309.
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ABSTRACT: The increase in plastic consumption per capita in Indonesia by 17 kilograms per year and consumption growth reaching 6%-7% per year have re-ignited discussions about the plan to expand excisable goods on plastics. Previously in 2016 the government had discussed the imposition of excise on plastic consumption which had been approved by the House of Representatives. This study seeks to explore how the plastic excise tax collection scheme plan will be implemented in Indonesia and the extent to which the discussion process has been carried out. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach which is carried out by describing and interpreting the collected data and finds that the delay in implementing the plastic bag excise policy is caused by several factors, namely the misalignment of perspectives between internal government units and the unstable economic situation, especially due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is a challenge for the government to determine the right time and the next single-use plastic object that will be subject to excise. The government should also maintain accountability by continuously providing information on the amount of excise levy and its allocation, while still paying attention to the development of the national economic recovery and excise policies for plastic products to reduce the impact of negative externalities on single-use plastic consumption. Keywords: excisable goods, plastic excise, extensification, negative externalities, plastic bags ABSTRAK: Peningkatan konsumsi plastik per kapita di Indonesia sebesar 17 kilogram per tahun dan pertumbuhan konsumsi mencapai 6%-7% per tahun memantik kembali diskusi tentang rencana ekstensifikasi barang kena cukai atas plastik. Sebelumnya pada tahun 2016 pemerintah telah mewacanakan pengenaaan cukai konsumsi plastik yang telah disetujui oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Penelitian ini berusaha menggali kembali bagaimana rencana skema pemungutan cukai plastik yang akan diterapkan di Indonesia dan sejauh mana proses pembahasan yang sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan penggambaran dan penginterpretasian atas data yang terkumpul dan mendapati bahwa penundaan penerapan kebijakan cukai kantong plastik disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu ketidakselarasan perspektif antarunit internal pemerintah dan keadaan ekonomi yang belum stabil terutama karena dampak pandemi Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah dalam menentukan waktu yang tepat dan objek plastik sekali pakai selanjutnya yang akan dikenakan cukai. Pemerintah juga harus menjaga akuntabilitas dengan terus memberikan informasi besaran pungutan cukai dan peruntukannya, dengan tetap memperhatikan perkembangan pemulihan ekonomi nasional dan kebijakan cukai produk plastik untuk mengurangi dampak eksternalitas negatif atas konsumsi plastik sekali pakai. Kata Kunci: barang kena cukai, cukai plastik, ekstensifikasi, eksternalitas negatif, kantong plastik
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Wang, Wenhuan, Jianping Wei, and Dan Wu. "The Optimal Strategy of China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban Based on Consumer Heterogeneity and Retailer Competition." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020745.
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The Chinese government has issued a new “Plastic Restriction Ban” requiring that, by the end of 2020, the food and beverage industry across the country bans the use of single-use, nondegradable plastic drinking straws. The governance of plastic drinking straws is a multi-dimensional and complex process. Therefore, based on the heterogeneity of consumers, this paper constructs a tripartite game model (the government, retailers, and consumers) for the governance of plastic drinking straws in China. Under this model, this research derives an optimal strategy in both monopoly and competitive markets, assuming the government has access to two policy tools, fines and subsidies. The research results suggest the following. (1) In monopoly markets, when (a) the fine or subsidy fee is high or (b) the fine or subsidy fee is low and the number of environment-conscious consumers is high, retailers are more inclined to provide biodegradable drinking straws. (2) Consumer heterogeneity has a certain impact on policy results; when there are enough environment-conscious consumers, policy costs can be reduced. (3) For high-quality products, the policy costs in competitive markets is lower than in monopoly markets; for low-quality products, the policy costs in competitive markets is higher than in monopoly markets. Based on the conclusions, this work suggests the government should focus on cultivating consumers’ environmental awareness and tighter control of products quality, in addition to the two policy tools, i.e., fines and subsidies, because these can reduce policy costs. Consumers should be aware of their own importance to China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban and adopt a refusal to accept plastic drinking straws and reduce the consumption of disposable plastics to support the policy. Retailers should also realize that proactively catering to consumer and government expectations can bring higher benefits to themselves; this can be achieved by providing high-quality biodegradable straws to support China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban. The model of this work could be applied to other corporate activities related to sustainability, such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, etc., and their connection to government policies.
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Arrofi, Fajar Mukhammad, and Maria R. U. D. Tambunan. "The Plastic Excise Policy Debate in Indonesia: A Narrative Policy Analysis ApproachThe Plastic Excise Policy Debate in Indonesia: A Narrative Policy Analysis Approach." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 09, no. 05 (2025): 359–76. https://doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2025.9523.
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The plastic excise policy in Indonesia has been a subject of debate since its proposal was submitted in 2016. This policy aims to reduce single-use plastic consumption and address the growing plastic waste problem. However, there are significant differences in opinion regarding its effectiveness and impact. This study uses Narrative Policy Analysis (NPA) to explore the policy’s narratives and counter-narratives articulated by policy actors, industry stakeholders, and the public. Using a post-positivist framework, this study analyzes the construction and framing of policy through discourse. Data were collected via media content analysis and document study, focusing on news articles and government publications from trusted sources between 2016 and 2025. The analysis identifies the dominant narrative supporting the policy, particularly from the Ministry of Finance, and the counter-narratives from the Ministry of Industry and various industry associations. Findings suggest that although the policy has strong support from civil society and environmental organizations, it faces opposition due to concerns about its impact on production costs and industry competitiveness. To resolve the tensions between these narratives, the study recommends a more inclusive policy development process and the integration of the plastic excise policy with a broader waste management strategy.
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Fadillah, Nisaul, Muhammad Reza, and Unggul Suryo Ardi. "Sustainable Challenges: Community Response to the Policy Restricting the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags in Jambi City." JKMP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik) 12, no. 1 (2024): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jkmp.v12i1.1766.
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This research investigates the issue of plastic waste in Jambi City by exploring the cognitive (knowledge), affective (emotional support), and conative (attitudinal support) aspects of the community towards the policy of restricting the use of plastic shopping bags. Through a survey method involving 86 respondents from the community of Jambi City, the study evaluates the people's understanding of plastic waste and the level of emotional support for plastic reduction policies and attitudes towards reducing plastic waste. The research reveals a high level of knowledge (77.78%) and significant emotional support (71.05%) for the policy of limiting plastic use in Kota Jambi, while attitudinal support for reducing plastic waste is also high (74.96%). These findings underscore the importance of community awareness and support for measures to reduce single-use plastic consumption, along with significant implications for waste management and environmental conservation in Kota Jambi.
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Cavaliere, Alessia, Silvia Pigliafreddo, Elisa De Marchi, and Alessandro Banterle. "Do Consumers Really Want to Reduce Plastic Usage? Exploring the Determinants of Plastic Avoidance in Food-Related Consumption Decisions." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229627.
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The mass production and use of plastics over the past decades is now posing a threat to the environment due to increasing pollution. The industrial transition towards more sustainable plastic alternatives has already started, but the process will require years to become truly feasible from an industrial and economic standpoint. In the meantime, a significant contribution to limit plastic-related environmental impact could arise from consumers’ daily consumption choices. This study aims at investigating the determinants of consumers’ decision to avoid purchasing single-use plastic eating utensils, food products with multiple plastic packaging, and plastic water bottles while grocery shopping. The results of the Structural Equation Model reveal that environment- and health-related concerns associated with plastics are key drivers of plastic avoidance. Instead, subjective knowledge and the importance attached to the commitment of third parties for tackling the plastic issue only indirectly affect consumer behaviors with regard to plastic avoidance.
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Vicente, Khrisna, Ruth Vicente, Gina Mapalad, et al. "Perceptions Towards No Single-Use Plastic Policy: The Case of Casual Dining Restaurants." Romblon State University Research Journal 4, no. 2 (2023): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58780/rsurj.v4i2.75.
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Environmental challenges are becoming a never-ending source of study. Many nations are currently focusing on environmentally friendly policies. In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 9003 established an ecological solid waste management program. In 2020, the municipality of Odiongan, Romblon enforced the "no single-use plastics" ordinance in all businesses, including restaurants. The goal of this research was to discover local green rules that apply to casual dining restaurant businesses. It also sought to establish how participants felt about the local government's green programs and identified the numerous green efforts and practices of selected restaurants as well as the impact of green policies on their operations as viewed by the owners/managers. The descriptive-qualitative approach using interview as a data collection method was used. Results show that the town of Odiongan is facing several challenges in properly implementing its green initiatives such as the availability and durability of low-cost alternative packaging materials. The policy on "no single-use plastics" needs to be understood more by casual dining restaurant owners and the general public.
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Correa-Cano, Maria Eugenia, Kerry Burton, Markus Mueller, Victor Kouloumpis, and Xiaoyu Yan. "Quantification of Plastics in Agriculture and Fisheries at a Regional Scale: A Case Study of South West England." Recycling 8, no. 6 (2023): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling8060099.
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The use of plastics in agriculture and in fisheries has been vital to increase food production and meet the demands of an increasingly growing global population. However, there are several drawbacks to the use of plastics in these industries. Most plastics used in agriculture are disposed of after one single use and are highly susceptible to weathering. Abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear cause considerable damage to marine life. Quantification of plastic waste generation in these industries is scarce or non-existent in the case of fisheries. In this paper, we estimate the amount of plastic waste generated by agriculture and fisheries at a regional scale, considering the South West of the UK as a case study. We followed a mass balance approach to quantify the potential plastic waste generated by these industries. We find a generation of 49 kt of plastic waste in agriculture, 47% of which has an unknown fate. We estimate 454 t/year of fishing gear waste, with unclear end-of-life pathways. A detailed quantitative understanding of plastic waste generation per sector at a regional scale is fundamental for tracking plastic waste flows, locating hotspots of pollution, and planning actions to reduce the amount of plastic waste along the chain of end-users.
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Cowan, Emily, Andy M. Booth, Andreas Misund, Katja Klun, Ana Rotter, and Rachel Tiller. "Single-Use Plastic Bans: Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on Best Practices for Reducing Plastic Pollution." Environments 8, no. 8 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8080081.
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In this study, we conducted and documented workshops and interviews in Norway and Slovenia to identify stakeholder and future generation opinions and mitigation strategies for solving one of the most prominent environmental issues: plastic pollution. As part of the EU H2020 project GoJelly, stakeholders were brought together to explore their perceptions on considering jellyfish mucus as a new resource to contribute to reducing plastic pollution from entering the marine environment. The study was conducted in the spring of 2019, in a context directly after the European Union (EU) announced its Directive to ban the most commonly used single-use plastic (SUP) items. The study applied the snowball method as a methodological choice to identify relevant stakeholders. Systems thinking was utilized as a participatory modelling approach, which allowed for the creation of conceptual mind maps from the various workshops and interviews, to understand consumers’ consciousness, and to map out ideas on plastic pollution reduction. Plastic pollution takes place on a global scale and stakeholders discussed their individual perceptions of national and international solutions that could be put in place to solve it, including the opportunities around utilizing jellyfish mucus to filter and capture micro- and nanoplastic. We found that industry stakeholders in both case areas were generally more accepting of policy and increased innovation moving forward, but placed weight on the scientific community to conduct more research on the pollution issue and propose solutions. Future generation stakeholders (youth aged 14–18), however, put emphasis on consumer behavior and buying patterns of single-use products fueling the plastic crisis.
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Foschi, Eleonora, and Alessandra Bonoli. "The Commitment of Packaging Industry in the Framework of the European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy." Administrative Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010018.
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European Commission is strongly committed into issues related to plastic materials production and plastic waste management. While the Circular Economy Package has set targets generally referred to recycling rates, the European Strategy for plastics in a circular economy (and related action plan), fosters sustainability along the entire plastic value chain: from primary producers to converters, brand owners and retailers to waste collectors and recyclers. The Directive on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment (more commonly known as Directive on Single-Use-Plastics, waiting for publication in the Official Journal of the European Union) rules targets on ten plastic products most often found as littering on global beaches, directly affecting plastic industry and, consequently, market. Policy makers and industrial stakeholders are called upon to collaborate. The article aims to illustrate interactions between European Commission and all plastic value chain stakeholders on implementing measures to reach ambitious targets pursued by the recent European policy. The study shows how European Commission has robustly worked to regulate production and consumption patterns on plastic carrier bags and packaging (including food packaging) thus facilitating the achievement of specific targets provided by the recent Directive. However, additional provisions concerning market restriction have been introduced; industrial stakeholders carried on a prompt response by promoting the creation of alliances, join venture and association, as well as a more integrated plastic value chain. On the base of this purpose, a virtuous example of a closed supply chain is presented.
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Sari, Rizky Redita, Agus Sholahuddin, and Catur Wahyudi. "Limitations on the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags in Modern Retail." EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies 5, no. 05 (2023): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjhcs.2023.v05i05.001.
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This research was conducted to describe and analyze the Implementation of Restrictions on the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags in Modern Retailers based on Jambi Mayor Regulation Number 61 of 2018 concerning Restrictions on the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags at the Jambi City Environment Service. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with an inductive approach with the aim of a clear, in-depth and systematic description of the Implementation of restrictions on the use of plastic shopping bags in modern retail. This policy aims to reduce the use of plastic or single-use shopping bags. The focus of this research consists of four aspects: communication, resources, disposition, bureaucratic structure, and the driving factors and inhibiting factors for implementing restrictions on the use of plastic shopping bags at the Jambi City Environment Service. Data collection techniques, namely, interview techniques, observation and documentation, were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation and concluding. The results of this study state that policy implementation has not been optimal because there are still constraints from human resources and limited budgets, and there is no standard operating procedure (SOP) in policy implementation. Business actors are required to implement non-plastic bags, and business actors carry out communication, information and education strategies to consumers, but this has yet to be realized optimally. Public legal awareness still needs to be improved in fulfilling this policy.
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Mugobo, Victor Virimai, and Herbert Ntuli. "Consumer Preference for Attributes of Single-Use and Multi-Use Plastic Shopping Bags in Cape Town: A Choice Experiment Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (2022): 10887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710887.
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Single-use plastic bags are increasingly becoming unpopular across the globe due to growing concerns over plastic pollution, which is threatening both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Creating policy interventions to reduce plastic consumption requires objective information about local conditions. This study uses a choice experiment to elicit consumer preference for attributes of shopping bags from a sample of 250 consumers in Cape Town. Following the literature, we estimate the conditional logit model and the mix logit model and perform appropriate tests to establish a model which fits our data. Our results show that consumers in Cape Town prefer small and medium-sized bags relative to the status quo. They also care about durability, reusability, style, and recyclability of shopping bags. The highest willingness to pay is associated with a medium-sized shopping bag (R3.76), followed by a shopping bag that is reusable (R3.35), then a shopping bag that is styled (R2.16), then a small-sized shopping bag (R1.74), then a durable shopping bag (R1.50) and finally a recyclable shopping bag (R1.25). By aggregation, the willingness to pay of a small-sized shopping bag that is recyclable is R2.99 which is equivalent to the maximum price that the respondent is offering for a single-use plastic bag (R2.92). The willingness to pay of a medium-sized and reusable shopping bag is R7.11 per unit which is at least as high as the minimum price that respondents would consider for alternative packaging (R7.37). Finally, taking into consideration all the important attributes, we arrive at a willingness to pay ranging from R9.99 to R12.01 per bag for a small and medium shopping bag, respectively. Our results call for a combination of policy instruments such as a subsidy on expensive durable and reusable shopping bags to increase demand while at the same time increasing the levy on single-use plastic bags to reduce demand. More effort is needed to increase appreciation and perception of recyclable products.
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Krawczyk, Aleksandra, Brenda Olivos Salas, and Małgorzata Grodzińska-Jurczak. "Plastic Detectives Are Watching Us: Citizen Science Towards Alternative Single-Use-Plastic-Related Behaviour." Recycling 10, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10010004.
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The alarming increase in single-use plastic (SUP) consumption, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and its detrimental effects on environmental and public health, underscores the urgent need for the public to adopt more environmentally responsible behaviours. This study presents citizen science (CS) initiatives undertaken two years after the onset of the pandemic as an effective means to engage and mobilise citizens in reducing plastic consumption. It combines an inventory of CS actions targeting SUP with a self-designed and implemented CS project. Unlike the predominantly technical focus of existing initiatives, our ‘Plastic Detective’ project was designed to collect behavioural data related to SUP use. The majority of completed and ongoing CS projects addressing SUPs focused on beach clean-ups, which primarily involved reporting the distribution and composition of plastic litter. However, no initiatives were found to address consumer behaviour. CS activities were predominantly initiated in a bottom-up manner, largely coordinated by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and were mostly confined to the Northern Hemisphere. In our project, volunteers were asked to observe, sample and categorise behaviours in their surroundings using a model that distinguished between SUP use and the adoption of alternative materials or practices. Additionally, participants’ perceptions of SUP were assessed through pre- and post-surveys. Our findings reveal that young people, in particular, are eager to participate in CS initiatives. Regardless of age, gender or location, all respondents—despite acknowledging the need to reduce SUP consumption—identified producers as the key group responsible for addressing plastic pollution. We conclude that CS can act as an effective knowledge broker between research and non-research communities, fostering behavioural change towards more sustainable practices. Moreover, CS initiatives can play a vital role in popularising scientific findings and influencing policy-making processes to promote environmentally friendly alternatives to SUPs.
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Rahardjo, Harava. "To what Extent has the Single-Use Plastic Ban in Bali Impacted its Local Economy?" Lens Journal 2, no. 3 (2024): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13623405.
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Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the economic implications, both positive and negative, of Bali's single-use plastic ban since its implementation on July 1, 2019. Since the regulation, the use of plastic bags, straws, and styrofoam has significantly decreased, indicating a successful reduction in plastic waste. However, this research will explore whether these environmental benefits have come with economic costs, such as potential disruptions to businesses and the tourism industry. By examining factors such as local businesses, tourism, environmental sustainability, and the broader economic landscape, this study seeks to comprehensively assess the impact of the ban and identify any unintended economic consequences. In an era where environmental initiatives are increasingly prioritized to combat climate change, it is essential to scrutinize the efficacy and reliability of such solutions. Understanding the economic ramifications of Bali's single-use plastic ban will provide valuable insights for future policy development, ensuring a balance between environmental sustainability and economic viability.
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Weber Macena, Morgana, Rita Carvalho, Luísa Paula Cruz-Lopes, and Raquel P. F. Guiné. "Plastic Food Packaging: Perceptions and Attitudes of Portuguese Consumers about Environmental Impact and Recycling." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179953.
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The use of plastics for packaging has some advantages, since they are flexible and inexpensive. However, most plastics are of single use, which, combined with low recycling or reuse ratios, contributes substantially to environmental pollution. This work is part of a project studying the habits of Portuguese citizens concerning plastic food packaging and focuses on aspects related to sustainability. The survey was carried out via an online questionnaire about sustainability, recycling, and knowledge of the effects of plastic materials or their residues on the environment. The results were obtained based on a statistical analysis of the data. The participants tend to think about the negative impact of plastic packages on the environment; 39% sometimes do not buy plastic; and 30% try to look for alternatives. A substantial fraction, 81%, support the avoidance of plastic utensils and reduction in the use of plastic bags. Most participants have a good knowledge of recycling and strongly agree with the use of recycled materials, and 87% of respondents practice separation of different types of waste for recycling. Changing plastic consumption habits has not been an easy task. Nevertheless, it is expected that society will increasingly move toward sustainable habits, questioning its actions and considering their impact on the environment.
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Wagner, Travis P. "POLICY INSTRUMENTS TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE FOOD SERVICE WARE IN THE USA." Volume 09 - March 2020, no. 9 (February 10, 2020): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13903.
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There is global recognition that waste plastic is a ubiquitous pollutant in the built and natural environments. A component of plastic litter and debris is single-use, expanded polystyrene (EPS) food service ware. Reducing the consumption of EPS food service ware is challenging because reuse is not feasible, recycling is not economically viable, and composting is not possible. In the absence of national action to reduce EPS in the USA, local governments have taken the lead on enacting ordinances to eliminate or reduce EPS food service ware. This paper examined the variety of policy instruments that can or have been used by local governments in the USA to reduce EPS food service ware. Because of the inabilities to reuse, recycle, and/or compost EPS, the most frequently used policy instrument has been a ban. As of December 2019, there were 249 local bans in the USA covering 12.85% of the nation’s population: of these bans, 9.6% were partial bans restricting distribution only on government and public property, 65.9% were narrow bans that ban distribution by restaurants and food providers, 8.8% were full bans that include the narrow ban and also ban using EPS food packaging by grocery stores, and 15.7% adopted an expanded ban that includes the full ban and also baned other single-use plastic food ware related items including the selling or distributing of EPS coolers and single-use plastic utensils, straws, stirrers, lids, cups, plates, and containers.
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Misgana, Bikila, and Gudina Terefe Tucho. "Assessment of Community’s Perception Toward Single-Use Plastic Shopping Bags and Use of Alternative Bags in Jimma Town, Ethiopia." Environmental Health Insights 16 (January 2022): 117863022210850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221085047.
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Background: The use of plastic shopping bags increases and poses tremendous pressure on the local environment. However, little is known about its utilization among different population categories and their perception of its utilization and willingness to use other sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to assess the community’s perception toward the use of plastic shopping bags and its options in Jimma town, Ethiopia Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted on 351 customers and retailers selected from the town’s main marketing areas. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview and analyzed using SPSS v.21. Results: The results show that all the respondents use plastic shopping bags for different shopping services. The majority (147 (41.9%)) of the respondents said that they use 5 to 10 shopping bags, and 66 (18.8%) use more than 10 shopping bags per week. Participants responded with different reasons for the frequent use of plastic bags for shopping. Accordingly, 116 (33.0%) responded that plastic bags are cheap, 92 (26.2%) use them due to lack of alternatives, and 89 (25.4%) responded that plastic bags are light and convenient to use. However, 326 (93%) of the respondents support efforts to reduce single-use plastic bags, 284 (80.9%) support a ban on single-use plastic bags, and 319 (90%) were willing to pay for alternative shopping bags. Conclusion: Communities are aware of the environmental problems associated with the intensive use of plastic shopping bags, their wastes, and the need for alternative options. However, it will continue to pose significant environmental challenges unless low-cost and environment-friendly alternative options are available.
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Jeon, In-Seo, Su-Jeong Hwang, Jeong-Hyeon Park, Yong-Chul Jang, Youngsun Kwon, and Byeonghwan Kim. "Comparative Analysis for Policy Measures on Single-Use Plastic Management between Korea and Japan." Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 39, no. 04 (2022): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2022.39.4.376.
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Lubsanova, Natalya B., Arnold K. Tulokhonov, Elena N. Vanchikova, and Iraida G. Sangadieva. "TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: POLICY APPROACHES TO REDUCE THE RISKS OF PLASTIC WASTE POLLUTION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6/1, no. 147 (2024): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.06.01.004.
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The increasing volumes of production and use of plastic, and its resistance to natural decomposition, pose significant risks to the environment. In these conditions, an urgent task is to study tools and mechanisms to reduce these risks. The article provides an overview of foreign and domestic practices to reduce the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment. The main policy directions for reducing the risks of plastic pollution are highlighted: encouraging replacement with more environmentally friendly analogues (bioplastic and biodegradable plastic); complete or partial ban on the use of single-use plastic; encouraging plastic recycling (extended producer responsibility, separate waste collection). The socio-economic problems that arise during the implementation of the policy are especially noted, and recommendations are proposed to minimize the negative impact on the population and the economic system. The need to develop an integrated approach to policy development, a “just transition”, by promoting broad stakeholder involvement in decision-making processes is emphasized. During the study, methods of comparative analysis, systematization and generalization were used. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the materials of international and governmental organizations, and the works of specialists in the field of waste management.